Iff Iff - Saferworld AAcronyms cronyms --zAb–;zAb–;+I+Iff]k]k__ AAFNFN--PG6PG6]g]gf kmfpG8f...

g]kfnL ;~rf/ / gful/s ;dfhsf nflu n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k|lzIfs–k|lzIf0f lgb]]{lzsfg]kfnL ;~rf/ / gful/s ;dfhsf nflu n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k|lzIfs–k|lzIf0f lgb]]{lzsf 1

g]kfnL ;~rf/ / g]kfnL ;~rf/ / gful/s ;dfhsf nflugful/s ;dfhsf nflun}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iffn}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k|lzIfs–k|lzIf0f lgb]]{lzsf ;xof]uL cEof; k'l:tsf;DaGwL k|lzIfs–k|lzIf0f lgb]]{lzsf ;xof]uL cEof; k'l:tsf

dO{ @)!!

k|:t't ;xof]uL cEof; k'l:tsf ;]km/jN8{ / Ol/sf]gsf] ;xsfo{df g]kfndf ;~rf/ Pjd\ gful/s ;dfhsf nflu n}lËs / ;'/Iff k|:t't ;xof]uL cEof; k'l:tsf ;]km/jN8{ / Ol/sf]gsf] ;xsfo{df g]kfndf ;~rf/ Pjd\ gful/s ;dfhsf nflu n}lËs / ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k|lzIfs–k|lzIf0f lgb]{lzsfsf] ¿kdf tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . o; cGtu{t cf}hf/x¿ ;DaGwL k|lzIfs–k|lzIf0f lgb]{lzsfsf] ¿kdf tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . o; cGtu{t cf}hf/x¿ (tools)(tools), ;Gbe{;fdu|Lx¿ -Xof08–cfp6\;_, , ;Gbe{;fdu|Lx¿ -Xof08–cfp6\;_, ;+lIfKt hfgsf/Ld"ns ljj/0f¿, cEof;sf lglDt 5flgPsf lzIf0f ;fdu|Lx¿, b}lgs l;sfO k'l:tsf -8fo/L_ / kqsf/ Pjd\ gful/s ;+lIfKt hfgsf/Ld"ns ljj/0f¿, cEof;sf lglDt 5flgPsf lzIf0f ;fdu|Lx¿, b}lgs l;sfO k'l:tsf -8fo/L_ / kqsf/ Pjd\ gful/s ;dfhsf nflu n}lËs tyf ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ ;DaGwL pkof]uL >f]t–;fdu|Lx¿sf] ;"rL nufotsf ;fdu|Lx¿ ;dfj]z 5g\ . . w]/}h;f] ;dfhsf nflu n}lËs tyf ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ ;DaGwL pkof]uL >f]t–;fdu|Lx¿sf] ;"rL nufotsf ;fdu|Lx¿ ;dfj]z 5g\ . . w]/}h;f] ;fdu|Lx¿ kqsf/ tyf cg';Gwfstf{x¿sf nflu eljiodf ;d]t ;xof]uL ag'g\ eGg] p2]Zon] pkof]uL ;fdu|Lsf ¿kdf ;dfj]z ;fdu|Lx¿ kqsf/ tyf cg';Gwfstf{x¿sf nflu eljiodf ;d]t ;xof]uL ag'g\ eGg] p2]Zon] pkof]uL ;fdu|Lsf ¿kdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .ul/Psf] 5 .

;a} ;xefuLnfO{ ;xof]uL cEof; k'l:tsf k"0f{¿kdf k|of]u ug{ lbg ;lsG5 cyjf cfjZos kfgfx¿ lk|G6 -jf kmf]6f]skL_ u/L ljt/0f ;a} ;xefuLnfO{ ;xof]uL cEof; k'l:tsf k"0f{¿kdf k|of]u ug{ lbg ;lsG5 cyjf cfjZos kfgfx¿ lk|G6 -jf kmf]6f]skL_ u/L ljt/0f ug{ klg ;lsG5 . k|lzIfs÷;xhstf{n] ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx¿ pko'Qm ;dodf jf x/]s ;qsf] cGTodf lbg ;Sg]5g\ .ug{ klg ;lsG5 . k|lzIfs÷;xhstf{n] ;xefuLx¿nfO{ ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx¿ pko'Qm ;dodf jf x/]s ;qsf] cGTodf lbg ;Sg]5g\ .

k|ltlnlk clwsf/ M k|ltlnlk clwsf/ M © ;]km/jN8{, dO{ @)!! . ;a} clwsf/ ;'/lIft 5g\ . o; k|sfzgsf] s'g} klg efu ljgf k"j{ cg'dtL s'g} klg ;]km/jN8{, dO{ @)!! . ;a} clwsf/ ;'/lIft 5g\ . o; k|sfzgsf] s'g} klg efu ljgf k"j{ cg'dtL s'g} klg ljB'tLo, oflGqs, k|ltlnlk oGq, l/sl8{ ª jf cGo s'g}klg dfWodaf6 k'g¿Tkfbg ug{ jf km]/L lemSg, tfGg ;lsg]u/L e08f/0f ug{ ljB'tLo, oflGqs, k|ltlnlk oGq, l/sl8{ ª jf cGo s'g}klg dfWodaf6 k'g¿Tkfbg ug{ jf km]/L lemSg, tfGg ;lsg]u/L e08f/0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g . ;]km/jN8{n] o; k|sfzgdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf ;fdu|Lx¿sf] ;b'kof]u tyf k|rf/ k|;f/sf nflu eg] :jfut tyf k|f]T;flxt kfOg] 5}g . ;]km/jN8{n] o; k|sfzgdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf ;fdu|Lx¿sf] ;b'kof]u tyf k|rf/ k|;f/sf nflu eg] :jfut tyf k|f]T;flxt ug]{5 .ug]{5 .

2

g]kfnL ;~rf/ / gful/s ;dfhsf nflu n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k|lzIfs–k|lzIf0f lgb]]{lzsfg]kfnL ;~rf/ / gful/s ;dfhsf nflu n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k|lzIfs–k|lzIf0f lgb]]{lzsf

ljifo;'rLljifo;'rL k]h g+= k]h g+=AcronymsAcronyms -zAb–;+If]k_ $ -zAb–;+If]k_ $;fdu|L ! lnË -;]S;_ / n}lËs -h]G8/_ af/] ;jfn hjfkm÷xflh/L hjfkm ^;fdu|L ! lnË -;]S;_ / n}lËs -h]G8/_ af/] ;jfn hjfkm÷xflh/L hjfkm ^;fdu|L @ g]kfndf åGån] n}lËs e"ldsfdf kf/]sf k|efjx¿ &;fdu|L @ g]kfndf åGån] n}lËs e"ldsfdf kf/]sf k|efjx¿ &;fdu|L # g]kfnsf] ;'/IffIf]qdf sf], sf] xf] < *;fdu|L # g]kfnsf] ;'/IffIf]qdf sf], sf] xf] < *;fdu|L $ sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿–;+3Lo k|hftflGqs u0ftflGqs g]kfnsf] ;'/IffIf]q ;DaGwL sfg'g !);fdu|L $ sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿–;+3Lo k|hftflGqs u0ftflGqs g]kfnsf] ;'/IffIf]q ;DaGwL sfg'g !);fdu|L % dlxnfn] ;femf ¿kdf cg'ej u/]sf lx+;fsf k|sf/x¿ !@;fdu|L % dlxnfn] ;femf ¿kdf cg'ej u/]sf lx+;fsf k|sf/x¿ !@;fdu|L ^ tkfOFsf] JolQmut l;sfO 8fo/L !$;fdu|L ^ tkfOFsf] JolQmut l;sfO 8fo/L !$;fdu|L & ;'/IffIf]q ;'wf/df n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f !^;fdu|L & ;'/IffIf]q ;'wf/df n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f !^;fdu|L * n}lËs ljZn]if0fsf lglDt ;f]Wg' kg]{ k|Zgx¿ !(;fdu|L * n}lËs ljZn]if0fsf lglDt ;f]Wg' kg]{ k|Zgx¿ !(;fdu|L ( ;'/Iff gLltnfO{ n}lËs–d}qL agfpg gful/s ;dfhn] s;/L ;xof]u ug{ ;S5 @!;fdu|L ( ;'/Iff gLltnfO{ n}lËs–d}qL agfpg gful/s ;dfhn] s;/L ;xof]u ug{ ;S5 @!;fdu|L !) n}lËs / ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;~rf/ ;"rL -r]sln:6_ tyf dfu{lgb]{zgx¿ @@;fdu|L !) n}lËs / ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;~rf/ ;"rL -r]sln:6_ tyf dfu{lgb]{zgx¿ @@;fdu|L !! ;~rf/÷gful/s ;dfh ;+jfb ;q @%;fdu|L !! ;~rf/÷gful/s ;dfh ;+jfb ;q @%;fdu|L !@ g]kfnsf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df n}lËs bfloTjjf]w ;'b[9Ls/0f, gLlt k|:t'lt, @ dfr{ @)!! @^;fdu|L !@ g]kfnsf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df n}lËs bfloTjjf]w ;'b[9Ls/0f, gLlt k|:t'lt, @ dfr{ @)!! @^;fdu|L !# uf]/vfdf sfo{/t g]kfn k|x/Lsf gfoj pk/LIfs;Fusf] cGt/jftf{ ##;fdu|L !# uf]/vfdf sfo{/t g]kfn k|x/Lsf gfoj pk/LIfs;Fusf] cGt/jftf{ ##;fdu|L !$ k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hgdf dlxnf ;dfj]zLs/0f #^;fdu|L !$ k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hgdf dlxnf ;dfj]zLs/0f #^;fdu|L !% n}lËs / ;'/Iff–;DalGwt ;fGble{s cGt/f{li6«o lg0f{ox¿ / ;Dd]ngx¿sf] ;f/f+z $!;fdu|L !% n}lËs / ;'/Iff–;DalGwt ;fGble{s cGt/f{li6«o lg0f{ox¿ / ;Dd]ngx¿sf] ;f/f+z $!;fdu|L !^ k|:tfj !#@% / !*@) ;DalGw /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] ;fGble{s c+zx¿ $*;fdu|L !^ k|:tfj !#@% / !*@) ;DalGw /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] ;fGble{s c+zx¿ $*;fdu|L !& g]kfnsf] ;DaGwdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf ;"rsx¿ ^%;fdu|L !& g]kfnsf] ;DaGwdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf ;"rsx¿ ^%;fdu|L !* k[YjL cleofgdf nfu]sf d+unu|xsf kqsf/ aGw'x¿nfO{ lgb]{zgx¿ ^&;fdu|L !* k[YjL cleofgdf nfu]sf d+unu|xsf kqsf/ aGw'x¿nfO{ lgb]{zgx¿ ^&;fdu|L !( nfk]g kl/k|]Io ^*;fdu|L !( nfk]g kl/k|]Io ^*;fdu|L @) n}lËs / ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k}/jLsf lglDt gful/s ;dfhsf nflu ;fdu|Lx¿ ^(;fdu|L @) n}lËs / ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k}/jLsf lglDt gful/s ;dfhsf nflu ;fdu|Lx¿ ^(;fdu|L @! /fd|f] k|]; lj1lKt s;/L aGb5 &!;fdu|L @! /fd|f] k|]; lj1lKt s;/L aGb5 &!;fdu|L @@ n}lËs / ;'/Iff–;DalGwt 36gfx¿sf nflu ;DefJo ljifox¿ &#;fdu|L @@ n}lËs / ;'/Iff–;DalGwt 36gfx¿sf nflu ;DefJo ljifox¿ &#;fdu|L @# lg0f{ostf{x¿;Fusf] a}7ssf nflu dfubz{g &$;fdu|L @# lg0f{ostf{x¿;Fusf] a}7ssf nflu dfubz{g &$;fdu|L @$ ;~rf/ dfWoddf k|efjsf/L cGt/jftf{ s;/L lbg] &*;fdu|L @$ ;~rf/ dfWoddf k|efjsf/L cGt/jftf{ s;/L lbg] &*;fdu|L @% tflnd d"Nofª\sg kmf/d *!;fdu|L @% tflnd d"Nofª\sg kmf/d *!;fdu|L @^ ;~rf/ Pjd\ gful/s ;dfhsf nflu n}lËs / ;'/Iff ;DaGwdf pkof]uL >f]t–;fdu|Lx¿ *#;fdu|L @^ ;~rf/ Pjd\ gful/s ;dfhsf nflu n}lËs / ;'/Iff ;DaGwdf pkof]uL >f]t–;fdu|Lx¿ *#

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Acronyms Acronyms -zAb–;+If]k_-zAb–;+If]k_AFNAFN -PG6]gf kmfpG8];g g]kfn_ -PG6]gf kmfpG8];g g]kfn_ Antenna Foundation Nepal Antenna Foundation Nepal APFAPF -;z:q k|x/L an_ -;z:q k|x/L an_ Armed Police Force Armed Police Force CACA -;+ljwfg ;ef_ -;+ljwfg ;ef_ Constituent Assembly Constituent Assembly CEDAWCEDAW -dlxnf lj?4sf ;Dk"0f{ e]befj pGd'ngsf] ;Dd]ng_ -dlxnf lj?4sf ;Dk"0f{ e]befj pGd'ngsf] ;Dd]ng_ Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of

Discrimination Against Women Discrimination Against Women CPACPA -a[xb\ zflGt ;Demf}tf_ -a[xb\ zflGt ;Demf}tf_ Comprehensive Peace Agreement Comprehensive Peace Agreement CSOCSO -gful/s ;dfh ;+u7g_ -gful/s ;dfh ;+u7g_ Civil society organisation Civil society organisation DACDAC -ljsf; ;xof]u ;ldlt_ -ljsf; ;xof]u ;ldlt_ Development Assistance Committee Development Assistance Committee DCAFDCAF -;z:q zlQmx?sf] k|hftflGqs lgoGq0fsf nflu h]g]ef s]Gb|_ -;z:q zlQmx?sf] k|hftflGqs lgoGq0fsf nflu h]g]ef s]Gb|_ Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of

Armed Forces Armed Forces DDRDDR -lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfgn / k'g;{dfof]hg÷k'gP{sLs/0f_ -lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfgn / k'g;{dfof]hg÷k'gP{sLs/0f_ Disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration Disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration EANEAN -OSj]n PS;]; g]kfn_ -OSj]n PS;]; g]kfn_ Equal Access NepalEqual Access NepalEUEU -o'/f]k]nL o'lgog_ -o'/f]k]nL o'lgog_ European Union European Union GBVGBV -n}lus lx+;f_ -n}lus lx+;f_ Gender-based violenceGender-based violenceGoNGoN -g]kfn ;/sf/_ -g]kfn ;/sf/_ Government of Nepal Government of Nepal FWLDFWLD -dlxnf, sfg'g / ljsfz d~r_ -dlxnf, sfg'g / ljsfz d~r_ Forum for Women’s Law and DevelopmentForum for Women’s Law and DevelopmentICIC -cGtl/d ;+ljwfg_ -cGtl/d ;+ljwfg_ Interim ConstitutionInterim ConstitutionIDAIDA -OG6/ l8l;KnLg/L Pgfln:6_ -OG6/ l8l;KnLg/L Pgfln:6_ Inter Disciplinary AnalystsInter Disciplinary AnalystsIGPIGP -k|x/L dxflgl/Ifs_ -k|x/L dxflgl/Ifs_ Inspector General of the Nepal PoliceInspector General of the Nepal PoliceIHRICONIHRICON -dfgjclwsf/ ;~rf/ k|lti7fg, g]kfn_ -dfgjclwsf/ ;~rf/ k|lti7fg, g]kfn_ Institute of Human Rights CommunicationInstitute of Human Rights Communication INGOINGO -cGt/f{li6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf_ -cGt/f{li6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf_ International non-governmental organisationInternational non-governmental organisation MoDMoD -/Iff dGqfno_ -/Iff dGqfno_ Ministry of Defence Ministry of Defence MoEMoE -lzIff dGqfno_ -lzIff dGqfno_ Ministry of EducationMinistry of Education MoFMoF -cy{ dGqfno_-cy{ dGqfno_ Ministry of Finance Ministry of Finance MoFAMoFA -k//fi6« dGqfno_ -k//fi6« dGqfno_ Ministry of Foreign Aff airs Ministry of Foreign Aff airs MoHAMoHA -u[x dGqfno_ -u[x dGqfno_ Ministry of Home Aff airsMinistry of Home Aff airs MoHPMoHP -:jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno_ -:jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno_ Ministry of Health and PopulationMinistry of Health and Population MOICMOIC -;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno_ -;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno_ Ministry of Information and CommunicationsMinistry of Information and CommunicationsMoLDMoLD -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno_ -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno_ Ministry of Local DevelopmentMinistry of Local Development MoLJMoLJ -sfg'g tyf Gofo dGqfno_-sfg'g tyf Gofo dGqfno_ Ministry of Law and Justice Ministry of Law and Justice MoPRMoPR -zflGt tyf k'glg{d{f0f dGqfno_ -zflGt tyf k'glg{d{f0f dGqfno_ Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction MoWCSWMoWCSW -dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno_ -dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno_ Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare NANA -g]kfnL ;]gf_ -g]kfnL ;]gf_ Nepalese ArmyNepalese Army NAPNAP -/fli6«o sfo{ of]hgf_ -/fli6«o sfo{ of]hgf_ National Action PlanNational Action Plan NGONGO -u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf_ -u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf_ Non-governmental organisationNon-governmental organisation NPNP -g]kfn k|x/L_ -g]kfn k|x/L_ Nepal Police Nepal Police NPTFNPTF -zflGt sf]if g]kfn_ -zflGt sf]if g]kfn_ Nepal Peace Trust FundNepal Peace Trust FundNSCNSC -/fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\_ -/fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\_ National Security CouncilNational Security CouncilOECDOECD -cfly{s ;xof]u tyf ljsf; ;+u7g_ -cfly{s ;xof]u tyf ljsf; ;+u7g_ Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development SGBVSGBV -n}lËs tyf of}ghGo lx+;f_ -n}lËs tyf of}ghGo lx+;f_ Sexual and gender-based violence Sexual and gender-based violence SSRSSR -;'/Iff k|0ffnL ;'wf/ jf ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/_ -;'/Iff k|0ffnL ;'wf/ jf ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/_ Security system reform or security sector reform Security system reform or security sector reform TRCTRC -;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u_ -;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u_ Truth and reconciliation commission Truth and reconciliation commission UNUN -;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3_ -;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3_ United Nations United Nations UNDPUNDP -;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, ljsf; sfo{s|d_ -;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, ljsf; sfo{s|d_ United Nations Development ProgrammeUnited Nations Development Programme UNGAUNGA -;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 dxf;ef_ -;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 dxf;ef_ United Nations General AssemblyUnited Nations General Assembly UNICEFUNICEF -cGt/fli6«o afn sf]if_ -cGt/fli6«o afn sf]if_ United Nations Fund for ChildrenUnited Nations Fund for ChildrenUNIFEMUNIFEM ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 dlxnf ljsf; sf]if, clxn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;ª\3 dlxnf ljefu_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 dlxnf ljsf; sf]if, clxn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;ª\3 dlxnf ljefu_ United Nations Development United Nations Development

Fund for Women (now part of UN Women) Fund for Women (now part of UN Women)

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g]kfnL ;~rf/ / gful/s ;dfhsf Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k|lzIfs–k|lzIf0f lgb]]{lzsfg]kfnL ;~rf/ / gful/s ;dfhsf Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k|lzIfs–k|lzIf0f lgb]]{lzsf

UNIRPUNIRP -;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 PsLs[t k'g:yf{kg sfo{s|d_ -;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 PsLs[t k'g:yf{kg sfo{s|d_ United Nations Integrated Rehabilitation Programme United Nations Integrated Rehabilitation Programme UN‒UN‒INSTRAWINSTRAW

-dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, cGt/f{l:6«o cg';Gwfg tyf k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg_ -dlxnf ;zQmLs/0fsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, cGt/f{l:6«o cg';Gwfg tyf k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg_ United Nations United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women <www.un-instraw.org/>International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women <www.un-instraw.org/>

UNSCRUNSCR -;Fo'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o_ -;Fo'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o_ United Nations Security Council Resolution United Nations Security Council Resolution VAWVAW -dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f_ -dlxnf lj?4sf] lx+;f_ Violence against women Violence against women VDCVDC -ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt_ -ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt_ Village Development CommitteeVillage Development CommitteeWPCsWPCs -dlxnf k|x/L xjNbf/x¿_ -dlxnf k|x/L xjNbf/x¿_ Women Police ConstablesWomen Police Constables

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6

;fdu|L !;fdu|L !lnË -;]S;_ / n}lËs -h]G8/_ af/] ;jfn hjfkm÷xflh/L hjfkmlnË -;]S;_ / n}lËs -h]G8/_ af/] ;jfn hjfkm÷xflh/L hjfkm

tnsf egfOx¿ olb lnË -;]S;_ ;Fu ;DalGwt eP jfSosf] cGtdf …P;Ú n]Vg] / olb n}lËs -h]G8/_ tnsf egfOx¿ olb lnË -;]S;_ ;Fu ;DalGwt eP jfSosf] cGtdf …P;Ú n]Vg] / olb n}lËs -h]G8/_ ljifo;Fu ;DjlGwt eP jfSosf] cGtdf …hLÚ n]Vg] Mljifo;Fu ;DjlGwt eP jfSosf] cGtdf …hLÚ n]Vg] M

!= dlxnf aRrf hGdfpFl5g\ . k'¿if hGdfpFb}gg\ .!= dlxnf aRrf hGdfpFl5g\ . k'¿if hGdfpFb}gg\ .

@= s]6Lx¿ sf]dn x'G5g\ . s]6fx¿ s7f]/ x'G5g\ .@= s]6Lx¿ sf]dn x'G5g\ . s]6fx¿ s7f]/ x'G5g\ .

#= ef/tLo s[lif sfdbf/dWo] dlxnfn] k'¿ifn] kfpg] Hofnfsf] $)–^) k|ltzt dfq kfpF5g\ .#= ef/tLo s[lif sfdbf/dWo] dlxnfn] k'¿ifn] kfpg] Hofnfsf] $)–^) k|ltzt dfq kfpF5g\ .

$= dlxnf aRrfx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] :tgkfg u/fpFl5g\ . k'¿if aRrfx¿nfO{ af]tnsf] b"w v'jfpF5g\ .$= dlxnf aRrfx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] :tgkfg u/fpFl5g\ . k'¿if aRrfx¿nfO{ af]tnsf] b"w v'jfpF5g\ .

%= a]nfotdf clwsf+z lgdf{0f If]qsf sfdbf/ k'¿if 5g\ .%= a]nfotdf clwsf+z lgdf{0f If]qsf sfdbf/ k'¿if 5g\ .

^= k|frLg OlhK6sf k'¿if 3/df a;]/ a'gfO{sf] sfd uy]{ . dlxnf kl/jf/sf] Joj;fo ;+rfng uy]{ . ^= k|frLg OlhK6sf k'¿if 3/df a;]/ a'gfO{sf] sfd uy]{ . dlxnf kl/jf/sf] Joj;fo ;+rfng uy]{ . dlxnfx¿ k}lqs ;DklQ kfpFy], k'¿ifx¿ kfpFb}gy] .dlxnfx¿ k}lqs ;DklQ kfpFy], k'¿ifx¿ kfpFb}gy] .

&= k'¿ifsf] cfjfh o'jfj:yfdf km]l/G5 . dlxnfsf] km]l/Fb}g .&= k'¿ifsf] cfjfh o'jfj:yfdf km]l/G5 . dlxnfsf] km]l/Fb}g .

*= @ ;o @$ j6f ;+:s[ltsf] cWoog ubf{, % cf]6fdf ksfpg] hlt ;a} sfd k'¿ifn] u/]sf] kfOof] eg] *= @ ;o @$ j6f ;+:s[ltsf] cWoog ubf{, % cf]6fdf ksfpg] hlt ;a} sfd k'¿ifn] u/]sf] kfOof] eg] #^ cf]6fdf dlxnfn] 3/ lgdf{0fsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfd u/]sf] kfOof] .#^ cf]6fdf dlxnfn] 3/ lgdf{0fsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfd u/]sf] kfOof] .

(= ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] tYofÍ cg';f/ dlxnfx¿n] ;+;f/sf] ^& k|ltzt sfd ub{5g\ t/ ltgLx¿sf] (= ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] tYofÍ cg';f/ dlxnfx¿n] ;+;f/sf] ^& k|ltzt sfd ub{5g\ t/ ltgLx¿sf] cfDbfgL ljZjsf] cfDbfgLsf] !) k|ltzt dfq 5 .cfDbfgL ljZjsf] cfDbfgLsf] !) k|ltzt dfq 5 .

;fdfu|L !;fdfu|L !

g]kfnL ;~rf/ / gful/s ;dfhsf nflu ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k|lzIfs–k|lzIf0f lgb]]{lzsfg]kfnL ;~rf/ / gful/s ;dfhsf nflu ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k|lzIfs–k|lzIf0f lgb]]{lzsf 7

;fdu|L @;fdu|L @g]kfndf åGån] n}lËs e"ldsfx¿df kf/]sf] k|efjg]kfndf åGån] n}lËs e"ldsfx¿df kf/]sf] k|efj

g]kfnsf dlxnfn] åGåsf] ;dodf w]/} b'Mv vk] . t/ Wj+;fTds 36gfx¿n] cj;/sf s]xL 9f]sfx¿ klg g]kfnsf dlxnfn] åGåsf] ;dodf w]/} b'Mv vk] . t/ Wj+;fTds 36gfx¿n] cj;/sf s]xL 9f]sfx¿ klg vf]Nb5g\ . zflGt / k|hftGqsf nflu w]/} ;lqmo cleofgx¿ ;+rfng u/]/ / o'4df ;+nUg kIfx¿nfO{ vf]Nb5g\ . zflGt / k|hftGqsf nflu w]/} ;lqmo cleofgx¿ ;+rfng u/]/ / o'4df ;+nUg kIfx¿nfO{ o'4lj/fd ug{ bjfj lbFb} o'4sf] ;dodf g} g]kfnL dlxnf–gful/s ;dfh ;'b[9 ePsf x'g\ . o:tf] d~rsf] o'4lj/fd ug{ bjfj lbFb} o'4sf] ;dodf g} g]kfnL dlxnf–gful/s ;dfh ;'b[9 ePsf x'g\ . o:tf] d~rsf] l;h{gfn] ubf{ dlxnfx¿n] cfkm\gf klxrfg tyf xs–clwsf/sf] dfu ug{ ;Ifd ePsf 5g\ .l;h{gfn] ubf{ dlxnfx¿n] cfkm\gf klxrfg tyf xs–clwsf/sf] dfu ug{ ;Ifd ePsf 5g\ .

dlxnfx¿ :yfgLo ;+u7g / zflGt cfGbf]ngsf lglDt :yfgLo txdf g]tf÷sfo{stf{ ag] .dlxnfx¿ :yfgLo ;+u7g / zflGt cfGbf]ngsf lglDt :yfgLo txdf g]tf÷sfo{stf{ ag] . ••

hgd'lQm ;]gfdf ;fd]n eP/ s]6Lx¿ / dlxnfx¿ n8fs' ag] . dlxnf åGåsf] lzsf/ dfq} ePsf 5g\ hgd'lQm ;]gfdf ;fd]n eP/ s]6Lx¿ / dlxnfx¿ n8fs' ag] . dlxnf åGåsf] lzsf/ dfq} ePsf 5g\ •eGg] unt b[li6sf]0fnfO{ r'gf}tL lbFb}, pgLx¿ k'¿if ;Fu;Fu} n8] .eGg] unt b[li6sf]0fnfO{ r'gf}tL lbFb}, pgLx¿ k'¿if ;Fu;Fu} n8] .

k'¿ifx¿sf] cg'kl:ytLdf nf]Ug], bfh'efO, 5f]/f / afa'x¿sf] e"ldsf axg u/] . dlxnfx¿n] aflx/ k'¿ifx¿sf] cg'kl:ytLdf nf]Ug], bfh'efO, 5f]/f / afa'x¿sf] e"ldsf axg u/] . dlxnfx¿n] aflx/ •uPsf k'¿ifx¿n] u/]sf sfdx¿ ;Dxfn] / dlxnf 3/fo;Lsfddf k|d'v eOg\, kl/jf/nfO{ wflgg\ . uPsf k'¿ifx¿n] u/]sf sfdx¿ ;Dxfn] / dlxnf 3/fo;Lsfddf k|d'v eOg\, kl/jf/nfO{ wflgg\ . cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ wfGg] k/Dk/fut e"ldsf dlxnfn] lnPsf] b]Vbf, åGå kZrftsf] ;dodf k'¿ifx¿n] cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ wfGg] k/Dk/fut e"ldsf dlxnfn] lnPsf] b]Vbf, åGå kZrftsf] ;dodf k'¿ifx¿n] cTolws dfqfdf dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg ul/ dlxnfx¿nfO{ 3/]n' lx+;fsf] lzsf/ agfO{of] . 3fOt] jf cTolws dfqfdf dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg ul/ dlxnfx¿nfO{ 3/]n' lx+;fsf] lzsf/ agfO{of] . 3fOt] jf åGåsf] lx+;fTds cf3ftdf k/]sf k'¿ifx¿ clxn] dlxnfx¿df cfl>t 5g\ .åGåsf] lx+;fTds cf3ftdf k/]sf k'¿ifx¿ clxn] dlxnfx¿df cfl>t 5g\ .

åGå kZrftsf] ;dodf pNn]vgLo ;+Vofdf k'¿ifx¿ ;fdflhs alxisf/ / a9\bf] a]/f]huf/Lsf sf/0f åGå kZrftsf] ;dodf pNn]vgLo ;+Vofdf k'¿ifx¿ ;fdflhs alxisf/ / a9\bf] a]/f]huf/Lsf sf/0f •cfo cfh{gsf nflu / …kfngstf{Úsf] e"ldsf lgefpg ck/flws Pjd\ /fhgLlts–hftLo ;z:q cfo cfh{gsf nflu / …kfngstf{Úsf] e"ldsf lgefpg ck/flws Pjd\ /fhgLlts–hftLo ;z:q ;d"xx¿df k|j]z u/]sf 5g\ .;d"xx¿df k|j]z u/]sf 5g\ .

åGåsf sf/0f slt ljwjf ag] eGg] n]vfhf]vf 5}g . ljb|f]xsf] ;dodf xhf/f}+ dlxnfn] slnn} pd]/df åGåsf sf/0f slt ljwjf ag] eGg] n]vfhf]vf 5}g . ljb|f]xsf] ;dodf xhf/f}+ dlxnfn] slnn} pd]/df •cfkm\gf kltx¿ u'dfP / clxn] pgLx¿ r/d\ efjgfTds kL8f / cfly{s sl7gfOdf afFlr/x]sf cfkm\gf kltx¿ u'dfP / clxn] pgLx¿ r/d\ efjgfTds kL8f / cfly{s sl7gfOdf afFlr/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ of}g zf]if0f / b'Jo{jxf/sf k|d'v lzsf/ aGg k'u]sf 5g\ . w]/}h;f] cgk9 5g\ / b'u{d 5g\ . pgLx¿ of}g zf]if0f / b'Jo{jxf/sf k|d'v lzsf/ aGg k'u]sf 5g\ . w]/}h;f] cgk9 5g\ / b'u{d ufpFx¿df a:5g\ .ufpFx¿df a:5g\ .

dlxnfnfO{ cfdf / :jf:gLsf] bhf{ lbg] ;+:sf/df dlxnf ljwjf x'g] ljlQs} pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] klxrfg dlxnfnfO{ cfdf / :jf:gLsf] bhf{ lbg] ;+:sf/df dlxnf ljwjf x'g] ljlQs} pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] klxrfg •/ cfo;|f]t u'dfpF5g\ . dlxnfx¿nfO{ kltsf] d[To' kZrft 3/ lgsfnf ul/Psf w]/} pbfx/0fx¿ 5g\ / cfo;|f]t u'dfpF5g\ . dlxnfx¿nfO{ kltsf] d[To' kZrft 3/ lgsfnf ul/Psf w]/} pbfx/0fx¿ 5g\ h;sf sf/0f pgLx¿ b]xJofkf/ / of}gJofkf/df nfUg afWo x'G5g\ .h;sf sf/0f pgLx¿ b]xJofkf/ / of}gJofkf/df nfUg afWo x'G5g\ .

dlxnfn] xfnsf] cj:yfdf sfg'gL cË – ;+ljwfg;efsf] ## k|ltzt :yfg kfPsf 5g\ .dlxnfn] xfnsf] cj:yfdf sfg'gL cË – ;+ljwfg;efsf] ## k|ltzt :yfg kfPsf 5g\ . •

8

;fdu|L #;fdu|L #g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff If]qdf sf], sf] xf] <g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff If]qdf sf], sf] xf] <

;]gf P]g, @)^# lj= ;+= M;]gf P]g, @)^# lj= ;+= M

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f !$$ n] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] u7gnfO{ hgfpF5 . o;sf] lgoGq0f, g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f !$$ n] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] u7gnfO{ hgfpF5 . o;sf] lgoGq0f, •kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL clwsf/ dlGqkl/ifbdf x'G5 . ;]gf k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm ug]{ clwsf/ klg kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL clwsf/ dlGqkl/ifbdf x'G5 . ;]gf k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm ug]{ clwsf/ klg dlGqkl/ifbnfO{ g} x'G5 .dlGqkl/ifbnfO{ g} x'G5 .

wf/f !$% n] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] kl/rfng / lgo'lQm ug{sf nflu /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] wf/f !$% n] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] kl/rfng / lgo'lQm ug{sf nflu /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] •5 . /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] cWoIfdf k|wfgdGqL /xG5g\ h;sf ;b:ox¿df /Iff dGqL, u[x dGqL 5 . /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] cWoIfdf k|wfgdGqL /xG5g\ h;sf ;b:ox¿df /Iff dGqL, u[x dGqL tyf cGo dGqLx¿ -k|wfgdGqLn] lgo'Qm u/]sf_ x'G5g\ . ;]gf k|d'v / tLg tf/fsf /yL -/fli6«o tx_ / tyf cGo dGqLx¿ -k|wfgdGqLn] lgo'Qm u/]sf_ x'G5g\ . ;]gf k|d'v / tLg tf/fsf /yL -/fli6«o tx_ / ;xfos /yL -If]qLo tx_ o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf lglDt lhDd]jf/ x'G5g\ .;xfos /yL -If]qLo tx_ o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf lglDt lhDd]jf/ x'G5g\ .

g]kfnL ;]gfleq n}lËs / ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;jfnx¿ x]g]{ k|d'v ljefux¿df ;}lgs hg;Dks{ g]kfnL ;]gfleq n}lËs / ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;jfnx¿ x]g]{ k|d'v ljefux¿df ;}lgs hg;Dks{ •lgb]{zgfno, cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; lgb]{zgfno, cfb]z–lgb]{z -cWofb]z_ ;DaGwL dxflgb]{zgfno lgb]{zgfno, cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; lgb]{zgfno, cfb]z–lgb]{z -cWofb]z_ ;DaGwL dxflgb]{zgfno -clkm; ckm b df:6/ hg/n ckm cl8{gfG;_, ljsf; Pjd\ lgdf{0f ;DaGwL dxflgb]{zgfno, ;}Go cy{ -clkm; ckm b df:6/ hg/n ckm cl8{gfG;_, ljsf; Pjd\ lgdf{0f ;DaGwL dxflgb]{zgfno, ;}Go cy{ k|zf;lgs ljefu, ;}lgs ;lrjfno, dfgj clwsf/ lgb]{zgfnosf] lgu/fgL ug]{ sfo{/yL sfof{no, k|zf;lgs ljefu, ;}lgs ;lrjfno, dfgj clwsf/ lgb]{zgfnosf] lgu/fgL ug]{ sfo{/yL sfof{no, etL{ lgb]{zgfno, ;}Go lzIff lgb]{zgfno / sfg'g ljefu kb{5g\ . sNof0fsf/L of]hgf dxflgb]{zgfno etL{ lgb]{zgfno, ;}Go lzIff lgb]{zgfno / sfg'g ljefu kb{5g\ . sNof0fsf/L of]hgf dxflgb]{zgfno ;DaGwL k|ToIf /]vb]v ;]gf k|d'vsf] sfof{non] g} ub{5 .;DaGwL k|ToIf /]vb]v ;]gf k|d'vsf] sfof{non] g} ub{5 .

g]kfn k|x/L P]g / g]kfn k|x/L lgodfjnLg]kfn k|x/L P]g / g]kfn k|x/L lgodfjnL

k|x/L etL{, a9'jf, b08, cg'zf;g, ;'/Iff gLltsf] sfof{Gjog nufot k|x/L k|x/L k|zf;gleqsf cGo k|x/L etL{, a9'jf, b08, cg'zf;g, ;'/Iff gLltsf] sfof{Gjog nufot k|x/L k|x/L k|zf;gleqsf cGo •;DjlGwt ;jfnx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{sf lglDt g]kfn k|x/L ;DaGwL P]g lj= ;+= @)!@ / g]kfn k|x/L ;DjlGwt ;jfnx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{sf lglDt g]kfn k|x/L ;DaGwL P]g lj= ;+= @)!@ / g]kfn k|x/L lgod -ljwfg_ @)!% lgdf{0f ul/of] . k|x/L P]gsf] sfof{Gjogdf lgDglnlvt lgsfo lhDd]jf/ 5g\ Mlgod -ljwfg_ @)!% lgdf{0f ul/of] . k|x/L P]gsf] sfof{Gjogdf lgDglnlvt lgsfo lhDd]jf/ 5g\ M

u[x dGqL -gLltut txdf_u[x dGqL -gLltut txdf_ ◦

g]kfn k|x/Lsf dxflg/LIfs -/fli6«o txdf_g]kfn k|x/Lsf dxflg/LIfs -/fli6«o txdf_ ◦

g]kfn k|x/Lsf cf+7 cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfsx¿ -/fli6«o txdf_g]kfn k|x/Lsf cf+7 cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfsx¿ -/fli6«o txdf_ ◦

g]kfn k|x/Lsf aQL; gfoj dxflg/LIfsx¿ -If]qLo txdf _g]kfn k|x/Lsf aQL; gfoj dxflg/LIfsx¿ -If]qLo txdf _ ◦

Joj:yfkg ljefu, ;+rfng ljefu, ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefu / dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; ljefu u/L Joj:yfkg ljefu, ;+rfng ljefu, ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefu / dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; ljefu u/L •g]kfn k|x/Lleq n}lËs / ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;jfnx¿ x]g]{ rf/j6f ljefux¿ /x]sf 5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm g]kfn k|x/Lleq n}lËs / ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;jfnx¿ x]g]{ rf/j6f ljefux¿ /x]sf 5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm dxfgu/Lo k|x/L ;]jf ljefun] sf7df8f}+ leqsf] ;'/Iff Joj:yfsf] lgu/fgL ub{5 . /fli6«o k|x/L dxfgu/Lo k|x/L ;]jf ljefun] sf7df8f}+ leqsf] ;'/Iff Joj:yfsf] lgu/fgL ub{5 . /fli6«o k|x/L k|lti7fgn] g]kfn k|x/Ldf etL{ ePsf -/fli6«o tyf If]qLo txdf jl/i7 / slgi7 clws[tx¿_ nfO{ k|lti7fgn] g]kfn k|x/Ldf etL{ ePsf -/fli6«o tyf If]qLo txdf jl/i7 / slgi7 clws[tx¿_ nfO{ tflnd k|bfg ub{5 .tflnd k|bfg ub{5 .

;z:q k|x/L an P]g;z:q k|x/L an P]g

k|x/L etL{, a9'jf, b08, cg'zf;g, ;'/Iff gLltsf] sfof{Gjog / cGo ;DalGwt ;jfnx¿;lxt ;z:q k|x/L etL{, a9'jf, b08, cg'zf;g, ;'/Iff gLltsf] sfof{Gjog / cGo ;DalGwt ;jfnx¿;lxt ;z:q •k|x/L an ;DaGwL Joj:yfx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ of] P]gsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] . of] P]gsf] sfof{Gjogdf k|x/L an ;DaGwL Joj:yfx¿nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ of] P]gsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] . of] P]gsf] sfof{Gjogdf lhDd]jf/ lgsfox¿df MlhDd]jf/ lgsfox¿df M

u[x dGqL -gLltut txdf_u[x dGqL -gLltut txdf_ ◦

;z:q k|x/L ansf dxflg/LIfs / cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfs - /fli6«o txdf_;z:q k|x/L ansf dxflg/LIfs / cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfs - /fli6«o txdf_ ◦

kfFr cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfsx¿ - /fli6«o txdf_kfFr cltl/Qm dxflg/LIfsx¿ - /fli6«o txdf_ ◦

k|zf;g ljefu, sfo{–;+rfng -ck/];g_ ljefu, dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; ljefu, k|lti7fg ljefu k|zf;g ljefu, sfo{–;+rfng -ck/];g_ ljefu, dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; ljefu, k|lti7fg ljefu ◦/ ;Ldf ;'/Iff ljefu -k|ToIftM ;z:q k|x/L ansf k|x/L dxflg/LIfsk|lt lhDd]jf/_ h:tf / ;Ldf ;'/Iff ljefu -k|ToIftM ;z:q k|x/L ansf k|x/L dxflg/LIfsk|lt lhDd]jf/_ h:tf ljefux¿sf k|d'vx¿ -;z:q k|x/L ansf gfoj dxflg/LIfs_ .ljefux¿sf k|d'vx¿ -;z:q k|x/L ansf gfoj dxflg/LIfs_ .

;z:q k|x/L ansf b]zel/sf /fhkqflÍt txsf clws[tx¿ -cfGtl/s ¿kdf jl/i7 clwsf/Lsf] ;z:q k|x/L ansf b]zel/sf /fhkqflÍt txsf clws[tx¿ -cfGtl/s ¿kdf jl/i7 clwsf/Lsf] •

;fdfu|L #;fdfu|L #

g]kfnL ;~rf/ / gful/s ;dfhsf nflu n}lËs ;DaGwL k|lzIfs–k|lzIf0f lgb]]{lzsfg]kfnL ;~rf/ / gful/s ;dfhsf nflu n}lËs ;DaGwL k|lzIfs–k|lzIf0f lgb]]{lzsf 9

¿kdf lrlgG5g\_ sf] clen]v /fVg], kb:yfkg ug]{, ;¿jf ug]{ / kbf]Gglt ug]{ h:tf lhDd]jf/Lsf ;fy} ¿kdf lrlgG5g\_ sf] clen]v /fVg], kb:yfkg ug]{, ;¿jf ug]{ / kbf]Gglt ug]{ h:tf lhDd]jf/Lsf ;fy} ljleGg ;df/f]xx¿ Pjd\ sfg'gL tyf lrlsT;f ;]jf ;+rfngdf klg k|zf;g ljefu lhDd]jf/ 5 .ljleGg ;df/f]xx¿ Pjd\ sfg'gL tyf lrlsT;f ;]jf ;+rfngdf klg k|zf;g ljefu lhDd]jf/ 5 .!

;+rfng -ck/];g_ ljefun] sfo{ ;+rfng, of]hgf, gLlt, sd{rf/Lsf st{Jox¿, dfgj clwsf/, ;+rfng -ck/];g_ ljefun] sfo{ ;+rfng, of]hgf, gLlt, sd{rf/Lsf st{Jox¿, dfgj clwsf/, •u'Ktr/ -OG6]lnh]G;_ / ;z:q k|x/L annfO{ xjfO{ c8\8f, b"/;~rf/ 6fj/ / ;'wf/ s]Gb| -s/]S;g u'Ktr/ -OG6]lnh]G;_ / ;z:q k|x/L annfO{ xjfO{ c8\8f, b"/;~rf/ 6fj/ / ;'wf/ s]Gb| -s/]S;g ;]G6/_ h:tf ;'/Iff ;DalGwt ;'ljwfsf 7fpFx¿df v6fpg] lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf] 5 . cGo lhDd]jf/L ;]G6/_ h:tf ;'/Iff ;DalGwt ;'ljwfsf 7fpFx¿df v6fpg] lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf] 5 . cGo lhDd]jf/L cGtu{t /f;g, sk8f, xltof/, uf]nf af¿b tyf lj:kmf]6s / pks/0fx¿sf] Joj:yfkg kb{5g\ .cGtu{t /f;g, sk8f, xltof/, uf]nf af¿b tyf lj:kmf]6s / pks/0fx¿sf] Joj:yfkg kb{5g\ .

dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; ljefu b]z leq / b]z aflx/ tflnd lbg], etL{ ug]{, sNof0fsf/L sfo{ ug]{, dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf; ljefu b]z leq / b]z aflx/ tflnd lbg], etL{ ug]{, sNof0fsf/L sfo{ ug]{, •kf7\oqmdsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 zflGt cleofgk|lt lhDd]jf/L lnPsf] 5 .kf7\oqmdsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 zflGt cleofgk|lt lhDd]jf/L lnPsf] 5 .

/fli6«o ;z:q k|x/L an k|lti7fgn] ljleGg k|lzIf0fx¿sf] dfWodaf6 clws[tx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 /fli6«o ;z:q k|x/L an k|lti7fgn] ljleGg k|lzIf0fx¿sf] dfWodaf6 clws[tx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 •ug]{, cfjZostf cg';f/ k|lzIf0f kf7\oqmd tof/ kfg]{ / ;+zf]wg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf] 5 .ug]{, cfjZostf cg';f/ k|lzIf0f kf7\oqmd tof/ kfg]{ / ;+zf]wg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf] 5 .

;Ldf ;'/Iff ljefun] ;Ldf If]qdf v6fOPsfx¿sf nflu of]hgfx¿ tof/ kfg]{ / lgb]{zgx¿ lbg] ;Ldf ;'/Iff ljefun] ;Ldf If]qdf v6fOPsfx¿sf nflu of]hgfx¿ tof/ kfg]{ / lgb]{zgx¿ lbg] •lhDd]jf/Lx¿ af]s]sf] x'G5 . o; ljefusf] d'Vo sfo{ eg]sf] ;Ldf tyf ;Ldf :tDex¿sf] /Iff ug'{ lhDd]jf/Lx¿ af]s]sf] x'G5 . o; ljefusf] d'Vo sfo{ eg]sf] ;Ldf tyf ;Ldf :tDex¿sf] /Iff ug'{ xf] .xf] .

;z:q k|x/L an P]g @)%* lj= ;+=;z:q k|x/L an P]g @)%* lj= ;+=

of] P]gsf] sfof{Gjogk|lt lhDd]jf/ s]Gb|Lo ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] cWoIftf u[x ;lrjn] ub{5g\ . s]Gb|Lo of] P]gsf] sfof{Gjogk|lt lhDd]jf/ s]Gb|Lo ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] cWoIftf u[x ;lrjn] ub{5g\ . s]Gb|Lo •;'/Iff kl/ifb g]kfnL ;]gfsf k|d'v, g]kfn k|x/Lsf dxflg/LIfs, ;z:q k|x/L ansf dxflg/LIfs, ;'/Iff kl/ifb g]kfnL ;]gfsf k|d'v, g]kfn k|x/Lsf dxflg/LIfs, ;z:q k|x/L ansf dxflg/LIfs, /fli6«o cg';Gwfg ljefusf k|d'v / u[x dGqfnosf ;x;lrjsf] ;+nUgtfdf ag]sf] x'G5 . ;z:q k|x/L /fli6«o cg';Gwfg ljefusf k|d'v / u[x dGqfnosf ;x;lrjsf] ;+nUgtfdf ag]sf] x'G5 . ;z:q k|x/L an ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L u[x dGqfnosf] x'G5 . g]kfnL ;]gfsf] jt{dfg cflwkTo -sdf08_ / an ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L u[x dGqfnosf] x'G5 . g]kfnL ;]gfsf] jt{dfg cflwkTo -sdf08_ / lgoGq0f ;+u7gsf ;DaGwdf ;g\ !(() sf] ;+ljwfg tyf cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v 5 . g]kfnL ;]gf lgoGq0f ;+u7gsf ;DaGwdf ;g\ !(() sf] ;+ljwfg tyf cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v 5 . g]kfnL ;]gf ;DaGwL ;du| lhDd]jf/L /Iff dGqfnosf] x'G5 .;DaGwL ;du| lhDd]jf/L /Iff dGqfnosf] x'G5 .

ljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgfljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgf

g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]qdf ePsf ;z:q lx+;f lgoGq0f ug{ ;/sf/n] ljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgf lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]qdf ePsf ;z:q lx+;f lgoGq0f ug{ ;/sf/n] ljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgf lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . •;'/Iff r'gf}tL b]lvPsf !% lhNnfx¿df ljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgf sfof{Gjog ul/of] . g]kfn ;/sf/, k|x/L ;'/Iff r'gf}tL b]lvPsf !% lhNnfx¿df ljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgf sfof{Gjog ul/of] . g]kfn ;/sf/, k|x/L k|d'v / k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lx¿ o; of]hgf sfof{Gjogk|lt lhDd]jf/ /xG5g\ .k|d'v / k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lx¿ o; of]hgf sfof{Gjogk|lt lhDd]jf/ /xG5g\ .

/fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb/fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb@

/fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] :yfkgf cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -lj=;+ @)^#_ sf] wf/f !$% cGtu{t ePsf] xf] . /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] :yfkgf cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -lj=;+ @)^#_ sf] wf/f !$% cGtu{t ePsf] xf] . •/fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] cWoIf k|wfgdGqL x'G5g\ eg] /Iff dGqL / u[x dGqL To;sf ;b:o x'G5g\ . /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] cWoIf k|wfgdGqL x'G5g\ eg] /Iff dGqL / u[x dGqL To;sf ;b:o x'G5g\ . /Iff ;lrj /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf ;lrj x'G5g\ ./Iff ;lrj /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf ;lrj x'G5g\ .

g]kfn k|x/Lsf] k|of]u, ;+rfng / kl/rfng ;DaGwL sfo{qmd, of]hgf / gLlt tof/ kfg]{ / /fli6«o g]kfn k|x/Lsf] k|of]u, ;+rfng / kl/rfng ;DaGwL sfo{qmd, of]hgf / gLlt tof/ kfg]{ / /fli6«o •;'/Iff /0fgLltsf] ljsf;;lxt /fli6«o ;'/Iffdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] b[li6sf]0fdfly ;xdlt hgfpg] ;'/Iff /0fgLltsf] ljsf;;lxt /fli6«o ;'/Iffdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] b[li6sf]0fdfly ;xdlt hgfpg] lhDd]jf/L /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifbn] af]s]sf] 5 . /fli6«o ;'/Iffsf ljifox¿df /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb s]lGb|t lhDd]jf/L /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifbn] af]s]sf] 5 . /fli6«o ;'/Iffsf ljifox¿df /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb s]lGb|t /xG5 h; cGtu{t ;fj{ef}d;Qf, /fli6«o cv08tf, /fhgLlts, s"6gLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, j}1flgs /xG5 h; cGtu{t ;fj{ef}d;Qf, /fli6«o cv08tf, /fhgLlts, s"6gLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, j}1flgs / kof{j/0f ;DjGwL ;jfnx¿, ;'zf;g, ljsf;, dfgjclwsf/ tyf cGo If]qx¿ kb{5g\ ./ kof{j/0f ;DjGwL ;jfnx¿, ;'zf;g, ljsf;, dfgjclwsf/ tyf cGo If]qx¿ kb{5g\ .

! ;z:q k|x/L ansf] pQ/bfloTj, g]kfn ;/sf/, u[x dGqfno, ;z:q k|x/L ansf] kl/ro, ;z:q k|x/L ansf] pQ/bfloTj, g]kfn ;/sf/, u[x dGqfno, ;z:q k|x/L ansf] kl/ro, <httpM//www.apf.gov.<httpM//www.apf.gov.

np/introduction.php>, march 2011np/introduction.php>, march 2011@ cfrfo{, Pg=, cWofo–$ M ;'/Iff k|bfosx¿– g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff If]q M Ps jflif{s k|sfzg, ;fksf]6f aL cfrfo{, Pg=, cWofo–$ M ;'/Iff k|bfosx¿– g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff If]q M Ps jflif{s k|sfzg, ;fksf]6f aL

-;Dkf=_, -l8l;PPkm, h]g]ef, l:j6\h/Nof08, @))(_ k]h !@! . -;Dkf=_, -l8l;PPkm, h]g]ef, l:j6\h/Nof08, @))(_ k]h !@! . <http://www.swisspeace.ch/typo3/fi leadmin/user_<http://www.swisspeace.ch/typo3/fi leadmin/user_

upload/Media/Countries/Nepal/Sapkota_Bishnu_Nepali_Security_Sector.pdf>.upload/Media/Countries/Nepal/Sapkota_Bishnu_Nepali_Security_Sector.pdf>.

1010

;fdu|L $;fdu|L $sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿ – ;+3Lo k|hftflGqs u0ftflGqs g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff If]q sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿ – ;+3Lo k|hftflGqs u0ftflGqs g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff If]q ;DaGwL sfg'g;DaGwL sfg'g

;'/Iff k|bfos÷lgsfox¿sf] sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿ ;'/Iff k|bfos÷lgsfox¿sf] sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿

;}lgs P]g, @)^# lj= ;+=;}lgs P]g, @)^# lj= ;+= •

;z:q k|x/L an P]g, @)%* lj= ;+=;z:q k|x/L an P]g, @)%* lj= ;+= •

;z:q k|x/L an lgod -ljwfg_ @)^) lj= ;+=;z:q k|x/L an lgod -ljwfg_ @)^) lj= ;+= •

k|x/L P]g, @)!@ lj= ;+=k|x/L P]g, @)!@ lj= ;+= •

k|x/L lgodfjnL -ljwfg_ @)$( lj= ;+=k|x/L lgodfjnL -ljwfg_ @)$( lj= ;+= •

lghL ;'/Iff uf8{ ;DaGwL Joj:yfx¿lghL ;'/Iff uf8{ ;DaGwL Joj:yfx¿ •

lj|l6; tyf ef/tLo ;]gfdf uf]vf{nL-u'vf{h\_x¿sf] etL{ ;DaGwL cfb]zx¿lj|l6; tyf ef/tLo ;]gfdf uf]vf{nL-u'vf{h\_x¿sf] etL{ ;DaGwL cfb]zx¿ •

:yfgLo k|zf;g P]g @)@* lj= ;+=:yfgLo k|zf;g P]g @)@* lj= ;+= •

/fHo ;'/Iff ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿/fHo ;'/Iff ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿

u'Ktr/ P]g, lj= ;+= @)!*u'Ktr/ P]g, lj= ;+= @)!* •

g]kfn ljz]if ;]jf P]g, lj= ;+= @)$@g]kfn ljz]if ;]jf P]g, lj= ;+= @)$@ •

/fHo lj¿4sf] ck/fw / b08 P]g, lj= ;+= @)$&/fHo lj¿4sf] ck/fw / b08 P]g, lj= ;+= @)$& •

;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff P]g, lj= ;+= @)$^;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff P]g, lj= ;+= @)$^ •

cftÍsf/L tyf ljWj+zsf/L lqmofsnfk ;DaGwL P]g, -lgjf/0f tyf b08_ lj= ;+= @)%* -vf/]h cftÍsf/L tyf ljWj+zsf/L lqmofsnfk ;DaGwL P]g, -lgjf/0f tyf b08_ lj= ;+= @)%* -vf/]h •e};s]sf]_e};s]sf]_

cftÍsf/L tyf ljWj+zsf/L lqmofsnfk ;DaGwL cWofb]z, -lgjf/0f tyf b08_ lj= ;+= cftÍsf/L tyf ljWj+zsf/L lqmofsnfk ;DaGwL cWofb]z, -lgjf/0f tyf b08_ lj= ;+= •@)%* -vf/]h e};s]sf]_@)%* -vf/]h e};s]sf]_

cjZos j:t' lgoGq0f -;zQmLs/0f_ P]g, lj= ;+= @)!&cjZos j:t' lgoGq0f -;zQmLs/0f_ P]g, lj= ;+= @)!& •

cfjZos ;]jf kl/rfng P]g, lj= ;+= @)!$cfjZos ;]jf kl/rfng P]g, lj= ;+= @)!$ •

/fHo dfldnf P]g, lj= ;+= @)$(/fHo dfldnf P]g, lj= ;+= @)$( •

/fHo dfldnf lgodfjnL, lj= ;+= @)%%/fHo dfldnf lgodfjnL, lj= ;+= @)%% •

s]xL ;fj{hlgs -ck/fw tyf b08_ P]g, lj= ;+= @)@&s]xL ;fj{hlgs -ck/fw tyf b08_ P]g, lj= ;+= @)@& •

sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjog / y'g'jf ;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjog / y'g'jf ;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿

sf/fuf/ P]g, lj= ;+= @)!(sf/fuf/ P]g, lj= ;+= @)!( •

sf/fuf/ lgodfjnL, lj= ;+= @)@) …lgodÚ ePsf 7fpFdf …lgodfjnLÚ /fVg] sf/fuf/ lgodfjnL, lj= ;+= @)@) …lgodÚ ePsf 7fpFdf …lgodfjnLÚ /fVg] •

jg P]g, lj= ;+= @)$(jg P]g, lj= ;+= @)$( •

jg lgod, lj= ;+= @)%!jg lgod, lj= ;+= @)%! •

/fli6«o lgs'~h Pjd\ jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, lj= ;+= @)@(/fli6«o lgs'~h Pjd\ jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, lj= ;+= @)@( •

k'g/fjnf]sg / ;'emfj ljlwsf nflu sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿k'g/fjnf]sg / ;'emfj ljlwsf nflu sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿

;}lgs cbfnt -sf]6{ df;{n_ lgod, @)^$ lj= ;+=;}lgs cbfnt -sf]6{ df;{n_ lgod, @)^$ lj= ;+= •

;fdfu|L $;fdfu|L $

g]kfnL ;~rf/ / gful/s nflu n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k|lzIfs–k|lzIf0f lgb]]{lzsfg]kfnL ;~rf/ / gful/s nflu n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k|lzIfs–k|lzIf0f lgb]]{lzsf 1111

g]kfnL ;]gf / dfgj clwsf/ Mg]kfnL ;]gf / dfgj clwsf/ M •

oftgf Ifltk"lt{ P]g, lj= ;+= @)%@oftgf Ifltk"lt{ P]g, lj= ;+= @)%@ ◦

dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u P]g, lj= ;+= @)%#dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u P]g, lj= ;+= @)%# ◦

a;fOF–;/fO{ -cWofudg_ ;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿a;fOF–;/fO{ -cWofudg_ ;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿

;'k'b{uL P]g, lj= ;+= @)%%;'k'b{uL P]g, lj= ;+= @)%% •

cWofudg P]g, lj= ;+= @)$(cWofudg P]g, lj= ;+= @)$( •

cWofudg ;DaGwL lgod, lj= ;+= @)%!cWofudg ;DaGwL lgod, lj= ;+= @)%! •

/fxbfgL P]g, @)@$ lj= ;+=/fxbfgL P]g, @)@$ lj= ;+= •

/fxbfgL ;DaGwL lgod, lj= ;+= @)%(/fxbfgL ;DaGwL lgod, lj= ;+= @)%( •

xltof/ tyf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ ;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿xltof/ tyf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ ;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿

lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ P]g, lj= ;+= @)!*lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ P]g, lj= ;+= @)!* •

xltof/ tyf o'4;fdu|L ;DaGwL P]g, lj= ;+= @)!(xltof/ tyf o'4;fdu|L ;DaGwL P]g, lj= ;+= @)!( •

xltof/ tyf uf]nf–af¿b ;DaGwL lgod, lj= ;+= @)!(xltof/ tyf uf]nf–af¿b ;DaGwL lgod, lj= ;+= @)!( •

dfgj a]rljvg tyf of}g zf]if0f ;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿dfgj a]rljvg tyf of}g zf]if0f ;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yfx¿

afnaflnsf a]rljvg / pgLx¿sf] Jofkfl/s of}g zf]if0fsf lj¿4 /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgf, @)^) lj=;+=afnaflnsf a]rljvg / pgLx¿sf] Jofkfl/s of}g zf]if0fsf lj¿4 /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgf, @)^) lj=;+= •

dfgj a]rljvg -lgoGq0f_ ;DaGwL lgod, lj= ;+= @)^$ -dfgj a]rljvg lgoGq0f P]g, @))& sf dfgj a]rljvg -lgoGq0f_ ;DaGwL lgod, lj= ;+= @)^$ -dfgj a]rljvg lgoGq0f P]g, @))& sf •k|fjwfgx¿ sfof{Gjog ug{ nfu' ul/Psf]_k|fjwfgx¿ sfof{Gjog ug{ nfu' ul/Psf]_

1212

;fdu|L %;fdu|L %dlxnfn] ;femf ¿kdf cg'ej u/]sf lx+;fsf k|sf/x¿dlxnfn] ;femf ¿kdf cg'ej u/]sf lx+;fsf k|sf/x¿

dlxnfn] ;femf ¿kdf cg'ej u/]sf lx+;fsf k|sf/ ;DaGwL pbfx/0fx¿ Mdlxnfn] ;femf ¿kdf cg'ej u/]sf lx+;fsf k|sf/ ;DaGwL pbfx/0fx¿ M

!= 3/]n' lx+;f M kl/jf/df dlxnf lj¿4 lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ ljsl;t / ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sx¿df p:t} ul/ != 3/]n' lx+;f M kl/jf/df dlxnf lj¿4 lx+;fsf 36gfx¿ ljsl;t / ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sx¿df p:t} ul/ 36]sf b]lvG5g\ . nfdf] ;dob]lv 3/]n' lx+;fnfO{ kl/jf/, l5d]sL, ;d'bfo / ;/sf/n] Pp6f lghL 36]sf b]lvG5g\ . nfdf] ;dob]lv 3/]n' lx+;fnfO{ kl/jf/, l5d]sL, ;d'bfo / ;/sf/n] Pp6f lghL dfldnf 7fGb} cfPsf lyP . ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf x/]s !* ldg]6df Pp6L dlxnf lkl6lG5g\ . ;fFRr} dfldnf 7fGb} cfPsf lyP . ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf x/]s !* ldg]6df Pp6L dlxnf lkl6lG5g\ . ;fFRr} eGg' kbf{ ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf k|hgg pd]/ k'u]sf dlxnfx¿sf aLr rf]6sf] Ps k|d'v sf/0f eGg' kbf{ ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf k|hgg pd]/ k'u]sf dlxnfx¿sf aLr rf]6sf] Ps k|d'v sf/0f 3/]n' lx+;f xf] . k]¿df k|x/LnfO{ ;"rgf ul/Psf ck/fwx¿ dWo] &) k|ltzt 36gfx¿ kltn] kTgLnfO{ 3/]n' lx+;f xf] . k]¿df k|x/LnfO{ ;"rgf ul/Psf ck/fwx¿ dWo] &) k|ltzt 36gfx¿ kltn] kTgLnfO{ s'6]sf] af/]df 5g\ . kfls:tfgsf] dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] hgfP cg';f/ k+hfa k|fGtdf !((# df 3/]n' s'6]sf] af/]df 5g\ . kfls:tfgsf] dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] hgfP cg';f/ k+hfa k|fGtdf !((# df 3/]n' lx+;fsf $ ;o 36gfx¿ eP / nueu cfwf h:tf 36gfx¿ kTgLsf] d[To' ;DaGwL lyP .lx+;fsf $ ;o 36gfx¿ eP / nueu cfwf h:tf 36gfx¿ kTgLsf] d[To' ;DaGwL lyP .

@= k/Dk/fut k|yfx¿ M w]/} b]zx¿df dlxnfx¿, pgLx¿sf dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g ug]{ k/Dk/fut @= k/Dk/fut k|yfx¿ M w]/} b]zx¿df dlxnfx¿, pgLx¿sf dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g ug]{ k/Dk/fut k|yfx¿sf] lzsf/ aGg k'Ub5g\ . oL zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s¿kdf xflgsf/s k|yfx¿ oyfjt\ /xg'sf] k|yfx¿sf] lzsf/ aGg k'Ub5g\ . oL zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s¿kdf xflgsf/s k|yfx¿ oyfjt\ /xg'sf] k|d'v sf/0f ;dfhsf k/Dk/f / ;+:sf/x¿;Fu ulx/f] ¿kdf hf]l8Psf /x]sf 5g\ .k|d'v sf/0f ;dfhsf k/Dk/f / ;+:sf/x¿;Fu ulx/f] ¿kdf hf]l8Psf /x]sf 5g\ .

#= dlxnf of}gfËsf] Tjrf 5]bg M ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf cg';f/ ljZje/ * s/f]8 %) nfv b]lv #= dlxnf of}gfËsf] Tjrf 5]bg M ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gsf cg';f/ ljZje/ * s/f]8 %) nfv b]lv !! s/f]8 %) nfv dlxnf cfkm\gf] of}gfËsf] Tjrf 5]bgsf 36gfsf lzsf/ ePsf 5g\ / To;af6 !! s/f]8 %) nfv dlxnf cfkm\gf] of}gfËsf] Tjrf 5]bgsf 36gfsf lzsf/ ePsf 5g\ / To;af6 :jf:Yodf kg]{ k|lts"n c;/sf sf/0f kLl8t 5g\ . cg'dfg ul/P cg';f/ x/]s jif{ @) nfv slnnf :jf:Yodf kg]{ k|lts"n c;/sf sf/0f kLl8t 5g\ . cg'dfg ul/P cg';f/ x/]s jif{ @) nfv slnnf s]6Lx¿ o:tf k/Dk/fut k|lqmof cjnDag ug{ jfWo 5g\ . tL dWo] w]/} clkm|sf / Pl;ofdf a:b5g\ . s]6Lx¿ o:tf k/Dk/fut k|lqmof cjnDag ug{ jfWo 5g\ . tL dWo] w]/} clkm|sf / Pl;ofdf a:b5g\ . t/ Pp6f a9\bf] ;+Vof eg] klZrdL o'/f]k / pQ/L cd]l/sfdf a:g] cfk|jf;L / z/0ffyL{ kl/jf/sf] t/ Pp6f a9\bf] ;+Vof eg] klZrdL o'/f]k / pQ/L cd]l/sfdf a:g] cfk|jf;L / z/0ffyL{ kl/jf/sf] aLrdf kfpg ;lsG5 . jf:tjdf of] k|rngnfO{ o'/f]k]nL b]zx¿df u}/sfg'gL 3f]lift ul/Psf] 5 . tL aLrdf kfpg ;lsG5 . jf:tjdf of] k|rngnfO{ o'/f]k]nL b]zx¿df u}/sfg'gL 3f]lift ul/Psf] 5 . tL /fi6«x¿df a9\bf] cfd;xdlt s] 5 eg] o:tf k|rngx¿sf] pGd'ng ug]{ ;lhnf] pkfo of}gfËsf] Tjrf /fi6«x¿df a9\bf] cfd;xdlt s] 5 eg] o:tf k|rngx¿sf] pGd'ng ug]{ ;lhnf] pkfo of}gfËsf] Tjrf 5]bgn] :jf:Yodf kfg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjnfO{ hf]8 lbg] z}lIfs cleofg g} xf] . ljleGg b]zx¿ To; 5]bgn] :jf:Yodf kfg]{ gsf/fTds k|efjnfO{ hf]8 lbg] z}lIfs cleofg g} xf] . ljleGg b]zx¿ To; lsl;dsf cleofgnfO{ a9fjf lbg ;lqmo ¿kdf nflu/x]sf 5g\ .lsl;dsf cleofgnfO{ a9fjf lbg ;lqmo ¿kdf nflu/x]sf 5g\ .

$= 5f]/fsf] df]x M 5f]/fsf] df]xsf] 36gfn] w]/} d'n'ssf dlxnfx¿dfly gsf/fTds c;/ kf/]sf] 5, $= 5f]/fsf] df]x M 5f]/fsf] df]xsf] 36gfn] w]/} d'n'ssf dlxnfx¿dfly gsf/fTds c;/ kf/]sf] 5, ljz]ifu/L Pl;ofsf dlxnfdfly . o;sf] kl/0ffd e|'0f xTof, lzz' xTofb]lv lnP/ 5f]/f / 5f]/Lsf aLr ljz]ifu/L Pl;ofsf dlxnfdfly . o;sf] kl/0ffd e|'0f xTof, lzz' xTofb]lv lnP/ 5f]/f / 5f]/Lsf aLr kf]if0f, cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf / lzIff h:tf dxTjk"0f{ cfjZostfx¿df e]befj h] klg x'g ;Sb5 . kf]if0f, cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo ;]jf / lzIff h:tf dxTjk"0f{ cfjZostfx¿df e]befj h] klg x'g ;Sb5 . rLg / ef/tdf s]xL dlxnfx¿n] cfkm\gf] ue{df 5f]/L yfxf ePkl5 ue{ktgnfO{ /f]H5g\ / 5f]/f ePsf] rLg / ef/tdf s]xL dlxnfx¿n] cfkm\gf] ue{df 5f]/L yfxf ePkl5 ue{ktgnfO{ /f]H5g\ / 5f]/f ePsf] v08df hGd lbG5g\ . tLg xhf/ cf7 ;o 8n/sf] bfOhf]eGbf c7\tL; 8n/sf] ue{ktg vr{nfO{ 7Ls v08df hGd lbG5g\ . tLg xhf/ cf7 ;o 8n/sf] bfOhf]eGbf c7\tL; 8n/sf] ue{ktg vr{nfO{ 7Ls ;'emfpg] lj1fkg ;fj{hlgs ePkl5 ef/tsf lnË -5f]/f jf 5f]/L_ klxrfg ug]{ lSnlgsx¿k|lt dlxnf ;'emfpg] lj1fkg ;fj{hlgs ePkl5 ef/tsf lnË -5f]/f jf 5f]/L_ klxrfg ug]{ lSnlgsx¿k|lt dlxnf ;d"xx¿n] lj/f]w hgfPsf lyP .;d"xx¿n] lj/f]w hgfPsf lyP .

%= bfOhf] ;DalGwt lx+;f / jfn ljjfx M s]xL b]zx¿df b'nxLsf] kl/jf/n] ;xdlt cg';f/sf] bfOhf] %= bfOhf] ;DalGwt lx+;f / jfn ljjfx M s]xL b]zx¿df b'nxLsf] kl/jf/n] ;xdlt cg';f/sf] bfOhf] lbPkl5 ljjfx x'G5 . bfOhf] lbg g;Sgfn] dlxnfdfly lx+;fsf] hGd x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu lbPkl5 ljjfx x'G5 . bfOhf] lbg g;Sgfn] dlxnfdfly lx+;fsf] hGd x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu a+unfb]zdf Ps dlxnfnfO{ yf]/} bfOhf] NofPsf] cf/f]kdf kltn] p;sf] cg'xf/df Pl;8 km\ofn]/ s'¿k a+unfb]zdf Ps dlxnfnfO{ yf]/} bfOhf] NofPsf] cf/f]kdf kltn] p;sf] cg'xf/df Pl;8 km\ofn]/ s'¿k agfOlbof] . s]6Lsf] ;xdlt ljgf ul/g] sd pd]/sf] ljjfx dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gsf] Pp6f csf]{ agfOlbof] . s]6Lsf] ;xdlt ljgf ul/g] sd pd]/sf] ljjfx dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gsf] Pp6f csf]{ ;femf ¿k xf] .;femf ¿k xf] .

^= anfTsf/ M anfTsf/ hxfF klg x'g ;Sb5 . kl/jf/leq o;n] j}jflxs anfTsf/ cyjf of}g ^= anfTsf/ M anfTsf/ hxfF klg x'g ;Sb5 . kl/jf/leq o;n] j}jflxs anfTsf/ cyjf of}g b'Jo{jxf/sf] ¿k lng ;Sb5 . anfTsf/ o:tf] ;d'bfodf x'G5 hxfF dlxnf b'Jo{jxf/sf] lzsf/ alG5g\ . b'Jo{jxf/sf] ¿k lng ;Sb5 . anfTsf/ o:tf] ;d'bfodf x'G5 hxfF dlxnf b'Jo{jxf/sf] lzsf/ alG5g\ . w]/} b]zdf kltåf/f kTgLsf] of}g b'Jo{jxf/÷pTkL8gnfO{ ck/fw dflgb}g lyof], kTgLn] ;Fw}+ cfkm"nfO{ w]/} b]zdf kltåf/f kTgLsf] of}g b'Jo{jxf/÷pTkL8gnfO{ ck/fw dflgb}g lyof], kTgLn] ;Fw}+ cfkm"nfO{ kltsf nflu ;dk{0f ug'{ kb{5 eGg] dfgl;stf lyof] . ca o;df kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 / a]nfot kltsf nflu ;dk{0f ug'{ kb{5 eGg] dfgl;stf lyof] . ca o;df kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 / a]nfot nufot w]/} b]zx¿df j}jflxs anfTsf/nfO{ klg ck/fw dflgG5 . anfTsf/ -dlxnf÷k'¿ifsf]_ nfO{ w]/} nufot w]/} b]zx¿df j}jflxs anfTsf/nfO{ klg ck/fw dflgG5 . anfTsf/ -dlxnf÷k'¿ifsf]_ nfO{ w]/} h;f] o'4sf] xltof/sf] ¿kdf / k/:k/ lj/f]wL ;d"xx¿sf aLr cfkm'nfO{ zlQmzfnL ;fljt ug{ k|of]u h;f] o'4sf] xltof/sf] ¿kdf / k/:k/ lj/f]wL ;d"xx¿sf aLr cfkm'nfO{ zlQmzfnL ;fljt ug{ k|of]u ul/G5 .ul/G5 .

&= of}g pTkL8g -;]S:o'cn Xof/f;d]G6_ M sfo{If]qdf x'g] of}g pTkL8g dlxnfx¿sf nflu 7"nf] &= of}g pTkL8g -;]S:o'cn Xof/f;d]G6_ M sfo{If]qdf x'g] of}g pTkL8g dlxnfx¿sf nflu 7"nf] lrGtfsf] ljifo xf] . /f]huf/L lbg] -dflns_ x¿n] cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf] b'¿kof]u u/L cfkm\gf dlxnf lrGtfsf] ljifo xf] . /f]huf/L lbg] -dflns_ x¿n] cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf] b'¿kof]u u/L cfkm\gf dlxnf ;xsdL{x¿nfO{ kbf]Gglt / hflu/df k|ultsf ;kgfx¿ b]vfP/ cyjf cl:y/ tyf c;xh jftfj/0fsf] ;xsdL{x¿nfO{ kbf]Gglt / hflu/df k|ultsf ;kgfx¿ b]vfP/ cyjf cl:y/ tyf c;xh jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0f u/]/ of}g ;Gt'i6L k"/f ug{ vf]Hb5g\ . o; lsl;dsf] OR5fljk/Ltsf] of}g ;Dks{nfO{ c:jLsf/ lgdf{0f u/]/ of}g ;Gt'i6L k"/f ug{ vf]Hb5g\ . o; lsl;dsf] OR5fljk/Ltsf] of}g ;Dks{nfO{ c:jLsf/ ug]{ dlxnfx¿n] tNnf] kbdf 36'jf jf lgisfzgsf] hf]lvd ef]Ug' kb{5 . t/ xfnsf jif{x¿df clws ug]{ dlxnfx¿n] tNnf] kbdf 36'jf jf lgisfzgsf] hf]lvd ef]Ug' kb{5 . t/ xfnsf jif{x¿df clws

;fdfu|L %;fdfu|L %


dlxnfn] o; vfnsf Jojxf/sf] l/kf]6{ ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ / s]xLn] t cbfnt;Dd d'2fnfO{ klg k'¥ofPsf dlxnfn] o; vfnsf Jojxf/sf] l/kf]6{ ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ / s]xLn] t cbfnt;Dd d'2fnfO{ klg k'¥ofPsf 5g\ .5g\ .

*= j]Zofj[lQ / dfgj a]rljvg M w]/} dlxnfx¿ pgLx¿n] ef]lu/x]sf] sl7g cfly{s / ;fdflhs l:yltsf] *= j]Zofj[lQ / dfgj a]rljvg M w]/} dlxnfx¿ pgLx¿n] ef]lu/x]sf] sl7g cfly{s / ;fdflhs l:yltsf] kl/0ffd:j¿k j]Zofj[lQdf nfUg afWo aG5g\ cyjf pgLx¿s} cleefjs, klt / k|]dLn] afWo kf/]/ kl/0ffd:j¿k j]Zofj[lQdf nfUg afWo aG5g\ cyjf pgLx¿s} cleefjs, klt / k|]dLn] afWo kf/]/ klg of] k];fdf ;+nUg 5g\ . pgLx¿ j]Zofj[lQdf nfUg'df Pp6f b]zaf6 csf]{ b]zdf lr7\7Laf6 klg of] k];fdf ;+nUg 5g\ . pgLx¿ j]Zofj[lQdf nfUg'df Pp6f b]zaf6 csf]{ b]zdf lr7\7Laf6 b'nxL lemsfpg] ;+:yfx¿ lhDd]jf/ 5g\ h;n] dlxnfx¿nfO{ ljb]zdf klt / gf]s/L b'j} ldnfOlbg] b'nxL lemsfpg] ;+:yfx¿ lhDd]jf/ 5g\ h;n] dlxnfx¿nfO{ ljb]zdf klt / gf]s/L b'j} ldnfOlbg] jrg lbG5g\ . kl/0ffd:j¿k pgLx¿n] cfkm" cj}w ¿kdf bf;Lem}+ j]Zofnodf y'lgPsf] kfpF5g\, hxfF jrg lbG5g\ . kl/0ffd:j¿k pgLx¿n] cfkm" cj}w ¿kdf bf;Lem}+ j]Zofnodf y'lgPsf] kfpF5g\, hxfF pgLx¿sf] zf/Ll/s zf]if0f x'G5 / pgLx¿sf] /fxbfgL klg hkmt ul/Psf] x'G5 . Psk6s o:tf] pgLx¿sf] zf/Ll/s zf]if0f x'G5 / pgLx¿sf] /fxbfgL klg hkmt ul/Psf] x'G5 . Psk6s o:tf] cj:yfdf km;]kl5 aflx/ lg:sgsf nflu s'g} af6f] v'nf x'Fb}g / pgLx¿n] cfkm"n] cfkm}+nfO{ sdhf]/ cj:yfdf km;]kl5 aflx/ lg:sgsf nflu s'g} af6f] v'nf x'Fb}g / pgLx¿n] cfkm"n] cfkm}+nfO{ sdhf]/ cj:yfdf kfpF5g\ . j]Zofj[lQnfO{ w]/} b]zdf cj}w dflgPsf sf/0f, j]Zofx¿ olb anfTsf/sf] lzsf/ cj:yfdf kfpF5g\ . j]Zofj[lQnfO{ w]/} b]zdf cj}w dflgPsf sf/0f, j]Zofx¿ olb anfTsf/sf] lzsf/ eP eg], cyjf pgLx¿nfO{ j]Zofnoaf6 efUg' k¥of] eg] klg, pgLx¿sf nflu ;'/Iffsf] dfu ug{ eP eg], cyjf pgLx¿nfO{ j]Zofnoaf6 efUg' k¥of] eg] klg, pgLx¿sf nflu ;'/Iffsf] dfu ug{ Tolt ;lhnf] x'Fb}g . u|fxsx¿nfO{ sf/jfxL ug]{ w]/} sd b08fTds sfg'g agfOPsf] 5 . yfONof08df Tolt ;lhnf] x'Fb}g . u|fxsx¿nfO{ sf/jfxL ug]{ w]/} sd b08fTds sfg'g agfOPsf] 5 . yfONof08df k|x/LnfO{ ph'/ ug{ hfg] j]Zofx¿nfO{ pN6} kqmfp u/]/ s]xL hl/jfgf ;d]t lt/fO{ j]Zofnod} k|x/LnfO{ ph'/ ug{ hfg] j]Zofx¿nfO{ pN6} kqmfp u/]/ s]xL hl/jfgf ;d]t lt/fO{ j]Zofnod} k7fOG5 . dlxnf tyf s]6Lx¿sf] cj}w Jofkf/ r/d ;Ldfdf k'lu;s]sf] 5 ljz]ifu/L g]kfn h:tf k7fOG5 . dlxnf tyf s]6Lx¿sf] cj}w Jofkf/ r/d ;Ldfdf k'lu;s]sf] 5 ljz]ifu/L g]kfn h:tf Pl;ofnL b]zx¿df . w]/} dlxnf / s]6Lx¿sf] t:s/L ;Ldf /Ifssf] ldnf]dtf]d} x'G5 . Pp6f 36gf Pl;ofnL b]zx¿df . w]/} dlxnf / s]6Lx¿sf] t:s/L ;Ldf /Ifssf] ldnf]dtf]d} x'G5 . Pp6f 36gf – kfFrj6L j]Zof Ps j]Zofnodf cfuf]df hn]/ d/] . lsgls pgLx¿nfO{ vf6d} kmnfdsf] l;qmLn] – kfFrj6L j]Zof Ps j]Zofnodf cfuf]df hn]/ d/] . lsgls pgLx¿nfO{ vf6d} kmnfdsf] l;qmLn] afFlwPsf] lyof] . afFlwPsf] lyof] .

(= k|jf;L dlxnf sfdbf/dflysf] lx+;f M dlxnf sfdbf/x¿n] /fd|f] hLjgofkgsf lglDt / /fd|f] (= k|jf;L dlxnf sfdbf/dflysf] lx+;f M dlxnf sfdbf/x¿n] /fd|f] hLjgofkgsf lglDt / /fd|f] kfl/>ldssf] vf]hLdf cfkm\gf] hGde"ld 5f8\b5g\ t/ jf:tljs nfe eg] cfkm\gf] b]z / cf>obftf kfl/>ldssf] vf]hLdf cfkm\gf] hGde"ld 5f8\b5g\ t/ jf:tljs nfe eg] cfkm\gf] b]z / cf>obftf b]z b'j}nfO{ x'G5 . cfkm\gf] b]zdf k|jf;L sfdbf/n] k7fPsf] k};f b'n{e d'b|fsf] dxTjk"0f{ ;|f]t aGg b]z b'j}nfO{ x'G5 . cfkm\gf] b]zdf k|jf;L sfdbf/n] k7fPsf] k};f b'n{e d'b|fsf] dxTjk"0f{ ;|f]t aGg k'Ub5 eg] cf>obftf b]zn] klg yf]/} k};fdf sfd nufpg kfpg] sfdbf/ kfpF5 . oBkL k|jf;L k'Ub5 eg] cf>obftf b]zn] klg yf]/} k};fdf sfd nufpg kfpg] sfdbf/ kfpF5 . oBkL k|jf;L sfdbf/x¿n] Gofof]lrt Jojxf/ kfpFb}gg\, slxn]sfxLF b'Mvb kl/0ffd ef]Ub5g\ . w]/} bf; alg/xG5g\ / sfdbf/x¿n] Gofof]lrt Jojxf/ kfpFb}gg\, slxn]sfxLF b'Mvb kl/0ffd ef]Ub5g\ . w]/} bf; alg/xG5g\ / dflnsaf6 zf]lift / anfTs[t x'G5g\ . dWok"j{sf b]zx¿df / kmf/;sf] vf8L If]qdf Pl;ofnL d'n'ssf dflnsaf6 zf]lift / anfTs[t x'G5g\ . dWok"j{sf b]zx¿df / kmf/;sf] vf8L If]qdf Pl;ofnL d'n'ssf cGbfhL !@ nfv dlxnfx¿ 3/]n' sfdbf/sf ¿kdf sfo{/t 5g\ . dWok"j{sf b]zx¿df lqmofzLn cGbfhL !@ nfv dlxnfx¿ 3/]n' sfdbf/sf ¿kdf sfo{/t 5g\ . dWok"j{sf b]zx¿df lqmofzLn Xo'dg /fO6\; jfr -Prcf/8An'_ sf cg';f/ s'j]tdf sfo{/t k|jf;L dlxnf sfdbf/x¿n] cfkm\gf] Xo'dg /fO6\; jfr -Prcf/8An'_ sf cg';f/ s'j]tdf sfo{/t k|jf;L dlxnf sfdbf/x¿n] cfkm\gf] dflnssf] lk6fO / of}g b'Jo{jxf/ ;xg' kb{5 . cfkm\gf] dflnsaf6 anfTs[t ePsf] 36gf k|x/LnfO{ dflnssf] lk6fO / of}g b'Jo{jxf/ ;xg' kb{5 . cfkm\gf] dflnsaf6 anfTs[t ePsf] 36gf k|x/LnfO{ ph'/L u/]df pgLx¿nfO{ k|x/L yfgfd} klg b'Jo{jxf/ ul/G5 / k'gM ToxL dflnssxfF k7fOG5 . sfd ph'/L u/]df pgLx¿nfO{ k|x/L yfgfd} klg b'Jo{jxf/ ul/G5 / k'gM ToxL dflnssxfF k7fOG5 . sfd ug]{ jftfj/0f 8/nfUbf] 5 / dflnsn] dlxnf sfdbf/x¿sf] /fxbfgL / kl/ro kq ;d]t cfkm}+;Fu ug]{ jftfj/0f 8/nfUbf] 5 / dflnsn] dlxnf sfdbf/x¿sf] /fxbfgL / kl/ro kq ;d]t cfkm}+;Fu /fVg] x'Fbf pgLx¿ To; 7fpFaf6 efUg klg ;Sb}gg\ ./fVg] x'Fbf pgLx¿ To; 7fpFaf6 efUg klg ;Sb}gg\ .

!)= sf/fuf/leq dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f M dlxnfsf] /Iff ug]{ lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf sfg'gsf /Ifs, !)= sf/fuf/leq dlxnfdfly x'g] lx+;f M dlxnfsf] /Iff ug]{ lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf sfg'gsf /Ifs, sfof{Gjogstf{ / ck/flwnfO{ b08;hfoug]{ Gofok|0ffnLsf ;b:o÷lgsfox¿ g} dlxnf lx+;fdf ;+nUg sfof{Gjogstf{ / ck/flwnfO{ b08;hfoug]{ Gofok|0ffnLsf ;b:o÷lgsfox¿ g} dlxnf lx+;fdf ;+nUg /x]sf 36gfx¿ klg Jofks 5g\ . dlxnfx¿dfly zf/Ll/s / df}lvs ¿kdf b'Jo{jxf/ ul/G5 . pgLx¿ /x]sf 36gfx¿ klg Jofks 5g\ . dlxnfx¿dfly zf/Ll/s / df}lvs ¿kdf b'Jo{jxf/ ul/G5 . pgLx¿ of}g tyf zf/Ll/s b'Jo{jxf/af6 kLl8t 5g\ . PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnsf cg';f/ ljZjel/g} sf/fuf/leq of}g tyf zf/Ll/s b'Jo{jxf/af6 kLl8t 5g\ . PDg]:6L OG6/g];gnsf cg';f/ ljZjel/g} sf/fuf/leq /x]sf xhf/f}+ dlxnfsf] k|x/L lx/f;tdf g} lbgx'F anfTsf/ ul/G5 ./x]sf xhf/f}+ dlxnfsf] k|x/L lx/f;tdf g} lbgx'F anfTsf/ ul/G5 .

!!= z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflkt dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;f M ljZje/sf] z/0ffyL{ ;+Vof x]bf{ clws ;+Vofdf dlxnf !!= z/0ffyL{ tyf lj:yflkt dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;f M ljZje/sf] z/0ffyL{ ;+Vof x]bf{ clws ;+Vofdf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf b]lvG5g\, hf] lx+;f Pjd\ zf]if0fsf] rk]6fdf 5g\ . z/0ffyL{ lzlj/leq slxn]sfxLF tyf afnaflnsf b]lvG5g\, hf] lx+;f Pjd\ zf]if0fsf] rk]6fdf 5g\ . z/0ffyL{ lzlj/leq slxn]sfxLF pgLx¿sf] anfTsf/ x'G5 eg] ;]gf tyf cWofudgsf sd{rf/L, ;z:q ;d"x, k'¿if z/0ffyL{ / lj/f]wL pgLx¿sf] anfTsf/ x'G5 eg] ;]gf tyf cWofudgsf sd{rf/L, ;z:q ;d"x, k'¿if z/0ffyL{ / lj/f]wL hftLo ;d"xåf/f pgLx¿dfly b'Jo{jxf/ ul/G5 . pgLx¿nfO{ j]Zofj[lQ ug{ afWo agfOG5 .hftLo ;d"xåf/f pgLx¿dfly b'Jo{jxf/ ul/G5 . pgLx¿nfO{ j]Zofj[lQ ug{ afWo agfOG5 .

1414

;fdu|L ^;fdu|L ^tkfO{Fsf] JolQmut l;sfO 8fo/LtkfO{Fsf] JolQmut l;sfO 8fo/L

of] s'/f dxTjk"0f{ 5 ls tkfO{ k|To]s lbg of] 8fo/L n]Vg] ug'{xf];\ . tkfO{Fn] of] sfo{zfnfdf w]/} gofF s'/f of] s'/f dxTjk"0f{ 5 ls tkfO{ k|To]s lbg of] 8fo/L n]Vg] ug'{xf];\ . tkfO{Fn] of] sfo{zfnfdf w]/} gofF s'/f l;Sg' eof] xf]nf . of] 8fo/Lsf] p2]Zo eg]sf] tkfO{FnfO{ ;a}eGbf /f]rs / ;DejtM eljiosf lglDt pkof]uL l;Sg' eof] xf]nf . of] 8fo/Lsf] p2]Zo eg]sf] tkfO{FnfO{ ;a}eGbf /f]rs / ;DejtM eljiosf lglDt pkof]uL nfu]sf a'Fbfx¿ l6kf]6 ug'{ xf] . nfu]sf a'Fbfx¿ l6kf]6 ug'{ xf] .

x/]s ;fFem jf csf]{ ljxfg}sf] ;dodf s[kof o; sfo{sf lglDt !) ldg]6 vr{ ug{‘xf];\ .x/]s ;fFem jf csf]{ ljxfg}sf] ;dodf s[kof o; sfo{sf lglDt !) ldg]6 vr{ ug{‘xf];\ .

klxnf] lbgklxnf] lbg

tkfO{FnfO{ o; lbgsf] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ kIf s] nfUof] <tkfO{FnfO{ o; lbgsf] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ kIf s] nfUof] <

s:tf 1fg–ljrf/x¿ kfpg' eof] < -s] gofF s'/f l;Sg'eof] <_s:tf 1fg–ljrf/x¿ kfpg' eof] < -s] gofF s'/f l;Sg'eof] <_

tkfO{Fn] l;s]sf jf hfg]sf s'/fx¿nfO{ eljiodf s;/L cfkm\gf] sfo{df k|of]u ug'{ x'G5 <tkfO{Fn] l;s]sf jf hfg]sf s'/fx¿nfO{ eljiodf s;/L cfkm\gf] sfo{df k|of]u ug'{ x'G5 <

bf];|f] lbgbf];|f] lbg



;fdfu|L ^;fdfu|L ^



t];|f] lbgt];|f] lbg




1616

;fdu|L &;fdu|L &;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/df n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/df n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f

v08 s M ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/df n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug{ lsg dxTjk"0f{ 5 <v08 s M ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/df n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug{ lsg dxTjk"0f{ 5 <

;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/df n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0fn] ;'/Iff If]q clws hjfkmb]xL x'g] / :yfgLo :jfldTj j[l4 ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/df n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0fn] ;'/Iff If]q clws hjfkmb]xL x'g] / :yfgLo :jfldTj j[l4 •;'lglZrt ub{5 .;'lglZrt ub{5 .

;'/IffIf]qsf] hjfkmb]lxtfsf] ;'lglZrttfn] ljwjfx¿sf] kfl/jfl/s ;DklQdflysf] clwsf/nfO{ nfu' ug]{ ;'/IffIf]qsf] hjfkmb]lxtfsf] ;'lglZrttfn] ljwjfx¿sf] kfl/jfl/s ;DklQdflysf] clwsf/nfO{ nfu' ug]{ •/ Goflos ;+oGqdf n}lËs tyf of}ghGo lx+;fsf] b08xLgtfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo / Goflos ;+oGqdf n}lËs tyf of}ghGo lx+;fsf] b08xLgtfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f / ;'/Iff If]qdf x'g] e]befjnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ d2t k'¥ofpF5 .lx+;f / ;'/Iff If]qdf x'g] e]befjnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ d2t k'¥ofpF5 .

;'/Iff If]q lgu/fgLdf dlxnf / n}lËs lj1sf] ;xeflutf a9fpgfn] lgu/fgL ug]{ lgsfox¿ k|efjsf/L ;'/Iff If]q lgu/fgLdf dlxnf / n}lËs lj1sf] ;xeflutf a9fpgfn] lgu/fgL ug]{ lgsfox¿ k|efjsf/L •/ clws k|ltlglwTjd"ns x'G5g\ ./ clws k|ltlglwTjd"ns x'G5g\ .

o;n] ;'/Iff If]qnfO{ lgs} ;dfj]zL agfpg], / dlxnf Pjd\ k'¿ifsf ;'/Iff ;DaGwL leGGf o;n] ;'/Iff If]qnfO{ lgs} ;dfj]zL agfpg], / dlxnf Pjd\ k'¿ifsf ;'/Iff ;DaGwL leGGf •cfjZostfx¿nfO{ ;dfg¿kdf ;Djf]wg ug{ ;'lglZrttf JoQm ub{5 .cfjZostfx¿nfO{ ;dfg¿kdf ;Djf]wg ug{ ;'lglZrttf JoQm ub{5 .

;'/Iffsf k|fjwfgx¿df ljz]ifu/L dlxnf ;+nUg ePsf 36gfx¿ / n}lËs tyf of}ghGo lx+;f ;'/Iffsf k|fjwfgx¿df ljz]ifu/L dlxnf ;+nUg ePsf 36gfx¿ / n}lËs tyf of}ghGo lx+;f •lj¿4sf] cleofgdf dlxnfsf] k|d'v e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 . ;'/Iff If]qdf n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0fn] ;'/Iff lj¿4sf] cleofgdf dlxnfsf] k|d'v e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 . ;'/Iff If]qdf n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0fn] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿leq dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTjnfO{ ;'lglZrt ub{5 h;n] Jofks sfo{ k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ cu|tf lgsfox¿leq dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTjnfO{ ;'lglZrt ub{5 h;n] Jofks sfo{ k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ cu|tf k|bfg ub{5 .k|bfg ub{5 .

cGt/f{li6«o, If]qLo / :yfgLo sfg'g tyf ;'/Iff / n}lËstf ;DaGwL k|ltj4tf M cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] cGt/f{li6«o, If]qLo / :yfgLo sfg'g tyf ;'/Iff / n}lËstf ;DaGwL k|ltj4tf M cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] •a]Olhª Kn]6kmfd{ km/ PS;g / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{ox¿ !#@%, !*@), !***, !**( a]Olhª Kn]6kmfd{ km/ PS;g / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{ox¿ !#@%, !*@), !***, !**( / !(^) ;lxt ;'/Iff If]qdf n}lËs hjfkmb]lxtfsf] dxTjnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 ./ !(^) ;lxt ;'/Iff If]qdf n}lËs hjfkmb]lxtfsf] dxTjnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 .

v08 v M ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/df n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f cGtu{t s] s] ;dfj]z 5g\ < v08 v M ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/df n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f cGtu{t s] s] ;dfj]z 5g\ <

;'/Iff If]qsf ;a} ljefu / bhf{sf sd{rf/L -clwsf/L_ x¿nfO{ n}lËs ;DaGwdf tflnd k|bfg ug]{ .;'/Iff If]qsf ;a} ljefu / bhf{sf sd{rf/L -clwsf/L_ x¿nfO{ n}lËs ;DaGwdf tflnd k|bfg ug]{ . •

;'/Iff lgsfox¿df dlxnfx¿sf] egf{ / ;xeflutfsf nflu ;'/Iff If]qleq lg0f{o ug]{ txdf dlxnfsf] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df dlxnfx¿sf] egf{ / ;xeflutfsf nflu ;'/Iff If]qleq lg0f{o ug]{ txdf dlxnfsf] •;+Vof ;dfg'kflts ¿kdf a9fpg :ki6 nIox¿ to ug]{ .;+Vof ;dfg'kflts ¿kdf a9fpg :ki6 nIox¿ to ug]{ .

tx, kbf]Gglt tyf k|lzIf0fsf] ;jfndf dlxnfnfO{ k'¿if ;/x ;dfg Jojxf/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ .tx, kbf]Gglt tyf k|lzIf0fsf] ;jfndf dlxnfnfO{ k'¿if ;/x ;dfg Jojxf/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ . •

;'/Iff lgsfoleq n}lËs tyf of}ghGo lx+;fnfO{ sd ug{sf lglDt dlxnfnfO{ 5'§} zf}rfno, g'xfpg]–;'/Iff lgsfoleq n}lËs tyf of}ghGo lx+;fnfO{ sd ug{sf lglDt dlxnfnfO{ 5'§} zf}rfno, g'xfpg]– •w'jfpg] ;'ljwf / ;'Tg] cfjf;sf] Joj:yf lglZrt ug]{ .w'jfpg] ;'ljwf / ;'Tg] cfjf;sf] Joj:yf lglZrt ug]{ .

b'u{d If]qx¿ -Jof/]s_ df v6fOPsf sd{rf/Lsf lglDt lzz' ;]jf / lzIff ;]jf ;DaGwL k|fjwfg /fVg] .b'u{d If]qx¿ -Jof/]s_ df v6fOPsf sd{rf/Lsf lglDt lzz' ;]jf / lzIff ;]jf ;DaGwL k|fjwfg /fVg] . •

kof{Kt ;'Ts]/L ljbf -cfdf jf afa'nfO{ 3/ ljbf_ sf] k|fjwfg pNn]v ul/Psf n}lËs gLltx¿ kof{Kt ;'Ts]/L ljbf -cfdf jf afa'nfO{ 3/ ljbf_ sf] k|fjwfg pNn]v ul/Psf n}lËs gLltx¿ •sfof{Gjog ug]{ .sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

n}lËs tyf of}ghGo lx+;f / dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gdf ;+nUg sd{rf/LnfO{ sf/jfxL ug]{ / ;'/Iff n}lËs tyf of}ghGo lx+;f / dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3gdf ;+nUg sd{rf/LnfO{ sf/jfxL ug]{ / ;'/Iff •lgsfox¿leq 36]sf n}lËs tyf of}ghGo lx+;fsf 36gfx¿k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g / lgu/fgL ug{ n}lËs lgsfox¿leq 36]sf n}lËs tyf of}ghGo lx+;fsf 36gfx¿k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g / lgu/fgL ug{ n}lËs OsfO{ sf] :yfkgf ug]{ .OsfO{ sf] :yfkgf ug]{ .

;'/Iff lgsfox¿ cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gn] afFlwPsf 5g\ . To;sf/0f /fli6«o÷cGt/f{li6«o :t/df zflGt / ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gn] afFlwPsf 5g\ . To;sf/0f /fli6«o÷cGt/f{li6«o :t/df zflGt / •;'/Iff sfod ug{ of]ubfg ;'lglZrt ug]{ .;'/Iff sfod ug{ of]ubfg ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

;'/Iff lgsfoleq lbuf] ;f+:s[lts kl/jt{g Nofpg / ;'/Iff lgsfoleq dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj / ;'/Iff lgsfoleq lbuf] ;f+:s[lts kl/jt{g Nofpg / ;'/Iff lgsfoleq dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj / •;xeflutfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg, dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf / e"ldsf k|lt ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg, dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf / e"ldsf k|lt ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] wf/0ff / Jojxf/df kl/jt{g Nofpg] .wf/0ff / Jojxf/df kl/jt{g Nofpg] .

cGt/lgsfo lg/LIf0f / d"Nofª\sgsf 9fFrfx¿leq n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f ;"rsx¿ ;dfj]z ug]{ .cGt/lgsfo lg/LIf0f / d"Nofª\sgsf 9fFrfx¿leq n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f ;"rsx¿ ;dfj]z ug]{ . •

;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/sf] k/LIf0f tyf d"NofËsg ug]{ ;d"xdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug]{ .;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/sf] k/LIf0f tyf d"NofËsg ug]{ ;d"xdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug]{ . •

;fdfu|L &;fdfu|L &


dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] ;dfg kfl/>lds ;'lglZrt ug{ ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff vr{ ;DaGwL Ps ;dLIff tof/ dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] ;dfg kfl/>lds ;'lglZrt ug{ ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff vr{ ;DaGwL Ps ;dLIff tof/ •ug]{ .ug]{ .

v08 u M ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ sfo{qmdx¿df n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f ;DaGwL pbfx/0fv08 u M ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ sfo{qmdx¿df n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f ;DaGwL pbfx/0f

l:j8]g -ljz]ifu/L ;z:q andf n}lËs ;dfof]hg af/] _l:j8]g -ljz]ifu/L ;z:q andf n}lËs ;dfof]hg af/] _

l:j8]gsf] ;z:q ansf cfkm\g} lj1x¿åf/f ;z:q an kl/rfng k"j{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb l:j8]gsf] ;z:q ansf cfkm\g} lj1x¿åf/f ;z:q an kl/rfng k"j{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb •lg0f{o !#@% dfly tflnd lbOG5 . ld;g÷sf/jfxLdf v6fOg' cl3 x/]s ;}lgs / clwsf/LnfO{ ;+o'Qm lg0f{o !#@% dfly tflnd lbOG5 . ld;g÷sf/jfxLdf v6fOg' cl3 x/]s ;}lgs / clwsf/LnfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% / n}lËs ljifo ;DaGwdf sd;]sd tLg 306f k|lzIf0f lbOG5 ./fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% / n}lËs ljifo ;DaGwdf sd;]sd tLg 306f k|lzIf0f lbOG5 .

n}lËs ljifosf] tflnd ;Dk"0f{ ;}Go ljBfnodf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 / ;}Go z}lIfs k|0ffnLsf] dfWodaf6 n}lËs ljifosf] tflnd ;Dk"0f{ ;}Go ljBfnodf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 / ;}Go z}lIfs k|0ffnLsf] dfWodaf6 •b'O{ jif]{ ;}Go k|lzIf0fdf d"nk|jfxLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 .b'O{ jif]{ ;}Go k|lzIf0fdf d"nk|jfxLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

l:j8]gsf] ;]gfn] n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf dfWodaf6 sd{rf/L / clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ n}lËs ;jfndf l:j8]gsf] ;]gfn] n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf dfWodaf6 sd{rf/L / clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ n}lËs ;jfndf •r]tglzn / lhDd]jf/ agfpFb 5g\ . n}lËs ;Nnfxsf/ / n}lËs ljifosf lj1x¿n] o; k|lqmofdf r]tglzn / lhDd]jf/ agfpFb 5g\ . n}lËs ;Nnfxsf/ / n}lËs ljifosf lj1x¿n] o; k|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5g\, ;xh t'NofpF5g\ / To;sf] cg'udg ub{5g\ .;xof]u k'¥ofpF5g\, ;xh t'NofpF5g\ / To;sf] cg'udg ub{5g\ .

;g\ @))^ df l:jl8; ;z:q ann] nf]stflGqs u0f/fHo sËf]df o'/f]k]nL o'lgog annfO{ ;xof]u ;g\ @))^ df l:jl8; ;z:q ann] nf]stflGqs u0f/fHo sËf]df o'/f]k]nL o'lgog annfO{ ;xof]u •k'¥ofof] / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0fnfO{ k'¥ofof] / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0fnfO{ Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf nfu' u¥of] . l:jl8; ;z:q ansf ;xfos /yL Sn]k–uf]/fg kmfG6 eGb5g\ M …Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf nfu' u¥of] . l:jl8; ;z:q ansf ;xfos /yL Sn]k–uf]/fg kmfG6 eGb5g\ M …of] sfo{ clws ;kmn /Xof] . @ ;o %) ;xefuLnfO{ n}lËs ljifodf lbOPsf] cfwf/e"t tflnd of] sfo{ clws ;kmn /Xof] . @ ;o %) ;xefuLnfO{ n}lËs ljifodf lbOPsf] cfwf/e"t tflnd dxTjk"0f{ lyof] . n}lËs ;+jfb Joj:yfnfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg] sfo{ ubf{ n}lËs ;Dks{ JolQm|x¿sf] Joj:yf dxTjk"0f{ lyof] . n}lËs ;+jfb Joj:yfnfO{ 6]jf k'¥ofpg] sfo{ ubf{ n}lËs ;Dks{ JolQm|x¿sf] Joj:yf Pp6f clt dxTjk"0f{ kIf lyof] . n}lËs ljifonfO{ ;}Go If]q / cGo ;+:yfdf sfof{Gjog ug'{ eg]sf] Pp6f clt dxTjk"0f{ kIf lyof] . n}lËs ljifonfO{ ;}Go If]q / cGo ;+:yfdf sfof{Gjog ug'{ eg]sf] dfgj clwsf/sf cfwf/x¿, k|hftGq / sfo{IfdtfnfO{ a9fjf lbg' xf] . sf/jfxL ug]{ If]qdf dlxnf / dfgj clwsf/sf cfwf/x¿, k|hftGq / sfo{IfdtfnfO{ a9fjf lbg' xf] . sf/jfxL ug]{ If]qdf dlxnf / k'¿if;Fu ;+jfb u/]df, tYo ljZn]if0f, d"NofÍg / To;kl5sf sfo{x¿ klg ;xL lbzfdf cl3 a9\g]5g\, k'¿if;Fu ;+jfb u/]df, tYo ljZn]if0f, d"NofÍg / To;kl5sf sfo{x¿ klg ;xL lbzfdf cl3 a9\g]5g\, h'g o; cl3 slxNo} x'g ;s]sf] lyPg .Úh'g o; cl3 slxNo} x'g ;s]sf] lyPg .Ú$

blIf0f clk|msf M ;]gf tyf k|x/Ldf n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0fblIf0f clk|msf M ;]gf tyf k|x/Ldf n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f

;g\ !(() sf] dWo bzsdf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] k'g;{+/rgf z'¿ ePotf blIf0f clkm|sfn] ;]gfdf / ;g\ !(() sf] dWo bzsdf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] k'g;{+/rgf z'¿ ePotf blIf0f clkm|sfn] ;]gfdf / •k|x/Ldf dlxnf egf{ lnFb} cfPsf] 5 .k|x/Ldf dlxnf egf{ lnFb} cfPsf] 5 .

;'/Iff If]qdf n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ ult k|bfg ug{sf lglDt xfn} blIf0f clkm|sfn] b'j} ;'/Iff If]qdf n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ ult k|bfg ug{sf lglDt xfn} blIf0f clkm|sfn] b'j} •;+:yfx¿ -;]gf / k|x/L_ sf nflu cfkm\gf] sf]6fdf a[l4 u/]sf] 5 . n}lËs–d"nk|jfxLs/0f–k/LIf0f ;+:yfx¿ -;]gf / k|x/L_ sf nflu cfkm\gf] sf]6fdf a[l4 u/]sf] 5 . n}lËs–d"nk|jfxLs/0f–k/LIf0f kZrft blIf0f clk|msL /fli6«o /Iff ;]gfsf] g]t[Tj txdf b]lvPsf sdLx¿ phfu/ u¥of], kmn:j¿k kZrft blIf0f clk|msL /fli6«o /Iff ;]gfsf] g]t[Tj txdf b]lvPsf sdLx¿ phfu/ u¥of], kmn:j¿k cf7 dlxnf /yL ;g\ @))& df lgo'Qm ul/P .cf7 dlxnf /yL ;g\ @))& df lgo'Qm ul/P .

v08 3 M ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/df n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug]{ k|lqmofdf dlxnf / k'¿iftkm{ ljz]if ¿kdf nlIft sfo{x¿sf] v08 3 M ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/df n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug]{ k|lqmofdf dlxnf / k'¿iftkm{ ljz]if ¿kdf nlIft sfo{x¿sf] pbfx/0fpbfx/0f

dlxnf ;DaGwL 36gfx¿ hfFra'em ug]{ dlxnf k|x/L j[Q cyjf k|x/L yfgfsf] :yfkgf ug{ cg'bfg dlxnf ;DaGwL 36gfx¿ hfFra'em ug]{ dlxnf k|x/L j[Q cyjf k|x/L yfgfsf] :yfkgf ug{ cg'bfg •;xof]u .;xof]u .

dlxnf -k'¿if_ s}bLx¿sf] anfTsf/ /f]Sg sf/fuf/sf sd{rf/LnfO{ k|lzIf0f .dlxnf -k'¿if_ s}bLx¿sf] anfTsf/ /f]Sg sf/fuf/sf sd{rf/LnfO{ k|lzIf0f . •

a]lrPsf dlxnf tyf r]nLx¿sf] nflu pknAw ;]jfx¿ a9fpgsf nflu dlxnf ;+u7gx¿nfO{ a]lrPsf dlxnf tyf r]nLx¿sf] nflu pknAw ;]jfx¿ a9fpgsf nflu dlxnf ;+u7gx¿nfO{ •k|f]T;fxg .k|f]T;fxg .

o'jf k'¿if lx+;fsf] k|ltsf/ ug{ / To;nfO{ /f]Sg] pkfox¿sf] d"NofÍg ;~rfng .o'jf k'¿if lx+;fsf] k|ltsf/ ug{ / To;nfO{ /f]Sg] pkfox¿sf] d"NofÍg ;~rfng . • %

$ ;xfos /yL kmfG6 l;= hL=,l:jl8; ;z:q andf n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f / n]lËs ;dfgtf, -!) d] @))&_ $ ;xfos /yL kmfG6 l;= hL=,l:jl8; ;z:q andf n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f / n]lËs ;dfgtf, -!) d] @))&_ <http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/equal/data/document/0705-graz-spefant.pdf>.<http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/equal/data/document/0705-graz-spefant.pdf>.

% cfly{s ;xof]u ;+u7g / ljsf; ;xfotf ;ldlt, ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ ;DaGwL k'l:tsf, -@))&_ % cfly{s ;xof]u ;+u7g / ljsf; ;xfotf ;ldlt, ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ ;DaGwL k'l:tsf, -@))&_ <http://www.oecd.<http://www.oecd.

org/dataoecd/43/25/38406485.pdf>org/dataoecd/43/25/38406485.pdf>

1818

36gf cWoog–nfOa]l/ofsf] k|x/Ldf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof a[l4 ug{ ljz]if ¿kdf lgb]{lzt sfo{qmdx¿ M36gf cWoog–nfOa]l/ofsf] k|x/Ldf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof a[l4 ug{ ljz]if ¿kdf lgb]{lzt sfo{qmdx¿ M

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 zflGt lgdf{0f cleofgsf em08} ^) dlxnf k|lzIfssf] ;xof]udf, ;g\ @))( sf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 zflGt lgdf{0f cleofgsf em08} ^) dlxnf k|lzIfssf] ;xof]udf, ;g\ @))( sf •klxnf] Jofrsf ;Dk"0f{ dlxnf k|x/L k|lzIffyL{x¿ ;dfj]z ul/ k|x/L anleq dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt s"n klxnf] Jofrsf ;Dk"0f{ dlxnf k|x/L k|lzIffyL{x¿ ;dfj]z ul/ k|x/L anleq dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt s"n cg'kft !@ k|ltzt k'Ug ;kmn ePsf] 5 .cg'kft !@ k|ltzt k'Ug ;kmn ePsf] 5 .

o;eGbf cl3 nfOa]l/ofsf /fi6«klt Pn]g hf]g;g ;/lnkmn] j]l6\/; d'Gx ;fOrnfO{ klxnf] dlxnf o;eGbf cl3 nfOa]l/ofsf /fi6«klt Pn]g hf]g;g ;/lnkmn] j]l6\/; d'Gx ;fOrnfO{ klxnf] dlxnf •k|x/L dxflg/LIfs lgo'Qm u/] .k|x/L dxflg/LIfs lgo'Qm u/] .

z}lIfs of]UotfnfO{ ;Demf}tf gul/ nfOj]l/ofnL k|x/Ldf dlxnf egf{df cem ;'wf/ ug{ Pp6f z}lIfs z}lIfs of]UotfnfO{ ;Demf}tf gul/ nfOj]l/ofnL k|x/Ldf dlxnf egf{df cem ;'wf/ ug{ Pp6f z}lIfs •sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . dfWolds lzIff ;d]t xfl;n gu/]sf dlxnf cfj]bsx¿nfO{ k|df0fkq sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . dfWolds lzIff ;d]t xfl;n gu/]sf dlxnf cfj]bsx¿nfO{ k|df0fkq tx pQL0f{ u/fpgsf lglDt :yfgLo Ps kf]ln6]lSgs ljBfnodf cWoogsf] Joj:yf ul/of] .tx pQL0f{ u/fpgsf lglDt :yfgLo Ps kf]ln6]lSgs ljBfnodf cWoogsf] Joj:yf ul/of] .^

^ Harsch E, ‘Security Sector Reform Key to Protecting Women’, in Africa Renewal Online, January 2010, p9. <http://www.Harsch E, ‘Security Sector Reform Key to Protecting Women’, in Africa Renewal Online, January 2010, p9. <http://www.

un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol23no4/security-reform.htmlun.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol23no4/security-reform.html

;fdfu|L &;fdfu|L &


;fdu|L *;fdu|L *n}lËs ljZn]if0fsf lglDt ;f]Wg' kg]{ k|Zgx¿n}lËs ljZn]if0fsf lglDt ;f]Wg' kg]{ k|Zgx¿&

;fdfGo hfgsf/L M;fdfGo hfgsf/L M

s] n}lËs ;'/Iff;Fu ;DalGwt d'2fx¿ ljz]if ¿kdf nlIft ul/Psf] 5 <s] n}lËs ;'/Iff;Fu ;DalGwt d'2fx¿ ljz]if ¿kdf nlIft ul/Psf] 5 < •

s] /fli6«o ;'/Iff / dfgj ;'/Iffdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 <s] /fli6«o ;'/Iff / dfgj ;'/Iffdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 < •

s] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿n] n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwdf ul/Psf lg0f{ox¿, cGt/f{li6«o, If]qLo / s] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿n] n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwdf ul/Psf lg0f{ox¿, cGt/f{li6«o, If]qLo / •/fli6«o gLltx¿nfO{ cFufn]sf 5g\ </fli6«o gLltx¿nfO{ cFufn]sf 5g\ <

s] gLlt÷sfo{qmdx¿n] ljz]if u/L n}lËs c;dfgtfdfly ljho rfx]sf 5g\ <s] gLlt÷sfo{qmdx¿n] ljz]if u/L n}lËs c;dfgtfdfly ljho rfx]sf 5g\ < •

tYofÍ ;+sngtYofÍ ;+sng

dlxnf tyf k'¿if;Fu s;/L k/fdz{ ul/of] <dlxnf tyf k'¿if;Fu s;/L k/fdz{ ul/of] < •

s] ;xof]uL ;+:yfn] gLltut kmfObfsf] ck]Iff ul//x]sf k'¿if tyf dlxnfsf] cfjfhnfO{ ;fFRr} g} s] ;xof]uL ;+:yfn] gLltut kmfObfsf] ck]Iff ul//x]sf k'¿if tyf dlxnfsf] cfjfhnfO{ ;fFRr} g} •k|ltlglwTj ub{5 <k|ltlglwTj ub{5 <

gLlt÷sfo{qmdaf6 k|efljt dflg;x¿sf] n}lËs ;+/rgf s:tf] 5 <gLlt÷sfo{qmdaf6 k|efljt dflg;x¿sf] n}lËs ;+/rgf s:tf] 5 < •

n}lËs, hftLo, zfl//Ls czQmtf, cfo', wd{, lnËe]bsf cfwf/df s;/L tYofÍ / tYofÍut hfgsf/L n}lËs, hftLo, zfl//Ls czQmtf, cfo', wd{, lnËe]bsf cfwf/df s;/L tYofÍ / tYofÍut hfgsf/L •;+sng ug]{ <;+sng ug]{ <

sfof{Gjogsfof{Gjog

gLlt÷sfo{qmdx¿ cg'ejsf cfwf/df jf dlxnf tyf k'¿ifsf] a]Unfa]Un} kx'Frsf] cfwf/df sfof{Gjog gLlt÷sfo{qmdx¿ cg'ejsf cfwf/df jf dlxnf tyf k'¿ifsf] a]Unfa]Un} kx'Frsf] cfwf/df sfof{Gjog •ul/G5 <ul/G5 <

s] oL sfof{Gjogx¿df÷gLlt jf ;]jf k|bfg ugf{n] ;]jf kfO/x]sf ;d'bfosf] ljljwtfnfO{ k|ltlglwTj s] oL sfof{Gjogx¿df÷gLlt jf ;]jf k|bfg ugf{n] ;]jf kfO/x]sf ;d'bfosf] ljljwtfnfO{ k|ltlglwTj •ub{5 < s] dlxnfx¿sf] sfof{Gjogdf a/fa/L ;+nUgtf 5 <ub{5 < s] dlxnfx¿sf] sfof{Gjogdf a/fa/L ;+nUgtf 5 <

s] n}lËs ;dfgtf xfl;n ug{ ljlzi6 / kof{Kt ;+;fwg -ljQLo / dfgjLo_ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 <s] n}lËs ;dfgtf xfl;n ug{ ljlzi6 / kof{Kt ;+;fwg -ljQLo / dfgjLo_ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 < •

dlxnf / k'¿ifk|lt gLlt÷sfo{qmdn] ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds k|efj s;/L kfb{5 <dlxnf / k'¿ifk|lt gLlt÷sfo{qmdn] ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds k|efj s;/L kfb{5 < •

s] dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] k/Dk/fut wf/0ffnfO{ gLlt÷sfo{qmdn] hf]8 lbG5 jf r'gf}tL lbG5 <s] dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] k/Dk/fut wf/0ffnfO{ gLlt÷sfo{qmdn] hf]8 lbG5 jf r'gf}tL lbG5 < •

dlxnf / k'¿ifnfO{ gLlt÷sfo{qmd s;/L a'emfOPsf] 5 < dlxnf / k'¿if cgk9 jf leGg efiff af]Ng] dlxnf / k'¿ifnfO{ gLlt÷sfo{qmd s;/L a'emfOPsf] 5 < dlxnf / k'¿if cgk9 jf leGg efiff af]Ng] •eP s] Joj:yf x'G5 <eP s] Joj:yf x'G5 <

s] gLltsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpFbf n}lËs lx;fan] ;+j]bgzLn efiff, k|tLs / pbfx/0fsf] k|of]u s] gLltsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpFbf n}lËs lx;fan] ;+j]bgzLn efiff, k|tLs / pbfx/0fsf] k|of]u •ul/Psf] 5 <ul/Psf] 5 <

p2]Zox¿p2]Zox¿

s] p2]Zox¿ n}lËs ¿kn] ;+j]bgzLn 5g\ cyjf ljlzi6 n}lËs d'2fx¿nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]sf] 5 <s] p2]Zox¿ n}lËs ¿kn] ;+j]bgzLn 5g\ cyjf ljlzi6 n}lËs d'2fx¿nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]sf] 5 < •

cg'udgcg'udg

s] cg'udg k|lqmofdf dlxnf tyf k'¿if ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] ;dfg ;xeflutf hgfpF5g\ <s] cg'udg k|lqmofdf dlxnf tyf k'¿if ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] ;dfg ;xeflutf hgfpF5g\ < •

;d'bfoleqsf a]Un} ;d"xx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ jfXo ;+:yfx¿n] gLltsf kl/0ffdx¿sf] cg'udg ug{ ;d'bfoleqsf a]Un} ;d"xx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ jfXo ;+:yfx¿n] gLltsf kl/0ffdx¿sf] cg'udg ug{ •s;/L ;xof]u ug{ ;Sb5g\ <s;/L ;xof]u ug{ ;Sb5g\ <

& Source: Bastick M and Valasek K (eds), Gender and Security Sector Reform Toolkit, (DCAF, OSCE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW, Source: Bastick M and Valasek K (eds), Gender and Security Sector Reform Toolkit, (DCAF, OSCE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW,

2008), < www.dcaf.ch/gssrtoolkit>2008), < www.dcaf.ch/gssrtoolkit>

2020

kl/of]hgfn] kl/eflift ;dfgtf ;DaGwL p2]Zox¿ k|fKt ug{ jf dlxnf÷k'¿ifsf lglDt ;dfg cj;/ kl/of]hgfn] kl/eflift ;dfgtf ;DaGwL p2]Zox¿ k|fKt ug{ jf dlxnf÷k'¿ifsf lglDt ;dfg cj;/ •k|bfg ug{ ljkmn /x] eg], s] cg';Gwfg z'¿ ug{;Sg] cyjf gLlt kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf k|bfg ug{ ljkmn /x] eg], s] cg';Gwfg z'¿ ug{;Sg] cyjf gLlt kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf ;+oGqx¿ /x]sf 5g\ <;+oGqx¿ /x]sf 5g\ <

d"NofÍgd"NofÍg

s] o; gLltn] dlxnf / k'¿ifsf nflu ;dfg cj;/ k|bfg / k|jw{g u/]sf] 5 < s] dlxnf tyf s] o; gLltn] dlxnf / k'¿ifsf nflu ;dfg cj;/ k|bfg / k|jw{g u/]sf] 5 < s] dlxnf tyf •k'¿ifsf nflu klxrfg ul/Psf p2]Zox¿ k|fKt eP <k'¿ifsf nflu klxrfg ul/Psf p2]Zox¿ k|fKt eP <

s] Pp6f ;d"xn] csf]{ ;d"xeGbf clws nfe k|fKt u/]sf] 5 < olb To;f] xf] eg] of] c;Gt'ngnfO{ s] Pp6f ;d"xn] csf]{ ;d"xeGbf clws nfe k|fKt u/]sf] 5 < olb To;f] xf] eg] of] c;Gt'ngnfO{ •s;/L ;+af]wg ug]{ < s] nufgLsf] Joj:yf ;dfg'kflts ¿kdf ljt/0f eof] <s;/L ;+af]wg ug]{ < s] nufgLsf] Joj:yf ;dfg'kflts ¿kdf ljt/0f eof] <

dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] cj:yf / hLjg:t/ df kfg]{ ;du| k|efj s] xf] <dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] cj:yf / hLjg:t/ df kfg]{ ;du| k|efj s] xf] < •

s] sfof{Gjog k|lqmofdf dlxnf / k'¿if ;dfj]z lyP <s] sfof{Gjog k|lqmofdf dlxnf / k'¿if ;dfj]z lyP < •

s] yk tYofË tyf hfgsf/L ;+sng ug{ cfjZos 5 < / cg'ej;Fu;Fu} s] nIox¿ / ;"rsx¿nfO{ s] yk tYofË tyf hfgsf/L ;+sng ug{ cfjZos 5 < / cg'ej;Fu;Fu} s] nIox¿ / ;"rsx¿nfO{ •;dfof]hg ug{ cfjZos 5 <;dfof]hg ug{ cfjZos 5 <

n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntfsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 eljiosf gLltx¿ tyf sfo{qmdx¿sf] ;'wf/ ug{sf lglDt s] n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntfsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 eljiosf gLltx¿ tyf sfo{qmdx¿sf] ;'wf/ ug{sf lglDt s] •s:tf kf7x¿ k|fKt ePsf 5g\ < o; af/] hfgsf/L s;nfO{ u/fpg' kb{5 / hfgsf/L s;/L k|:t't s:tf kf7x¿ k|fKt ePsf 5g\ < o; af/] hfgsf/L s;nfO{ u/fpg' kb{5 / hfgsf/L s;/L k|:t't ug'{ kb{5 <ug'{ kb{5 <

;fdfu|L *;fdfu|L *


;fdu|L (;fdu|L (;'/Iff gLltnfO{ n}lËs–d}qL agfpg gful/s ;dfhn] s;/L ;xof]u ug{ ;S5 <;'/Iff gLltnfO{ n}lËs–d}qL agfpg gful/s ;dfhn] s;/L ;xof]u ug{ ;S5 <

n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt, cGt/f{li6«o lg0f{ox¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf lglDt ;/sf/;Fu jftf{ n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt, cGt/f{li6«o lg0f{ox¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf lglDt ;/sf/;Fu jftf{ •;+rfng ug]{ . pbfx/0f M /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgf .;+rfng ug]{ . pbfx/0f M /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgf .

;/sf/ Pjd\ ;'/Iff tyf Goflos lgsfox¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] k|lta4tfk|lt pQ/bfoL aGgsf nflu Pp6f ;/sf/ Pjd\ ;'/Iff tyf Goflos lgsfox¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] k|lta4tfk|lt pQ/bfoL aGgsf nflu Pp6f •;dGjosf/L ;r]ts c+usf -;dGjosf/L e"ldsf_ ¿kdf sfo{ ug]{{ .;dGjosf/L ;r]ts c+usf -;dGjosf/L e"ldsf_ ¿kdf sfo{ ug]{{ .

;'emfjx¿sf] sfof{Gjog / gLltx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ;lxt n}lËs d"NofÍg ug{sf lglDt ;'/Iff / Goflos ;'emfjx¿sf] sfof{Gjog / gLltx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ;lxt n}lËs d"NofÍg ug{sf lglDt ;'/Iff / Goflos •lgsfox¿nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ .lgsfox¿nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ .

dlxnf Pjd\ k'¿ifsf] ;'/Iff tyf Goflos cfjZostfx¿ af/] cg';Gwfg ug]{ / To;nfO{ ;'/Iff / dlxnf Pjd\ k'¿ifsf] ;'/Iff tyf Goflos cfjZostfx¿ af/] cg';Gwfg ug]{ / To;nfO{ ;'/Iff / •Goflos gLlt tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ug{ ;'emfj k|bfg ug]{ .Goflos gLlt tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ug{ ;'emfj k|bfg ug]{ .

:yfgLo :t/df zflGt lgdf{0f ubf{, ;fd'bflos ;'/Iffdf / cgf}krfl/s Goflos ;+oGqx¿df n}lËs :yfgLo :t/df zflGt lgdf{0f ubf{, ;fd'bflos ;'/Iffdf / cgf}krfl/s Goflos ;+oGqx¿df n}lËs •d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf nflu Ifdtf ljsf; ug'{ .d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf nflu Ifdtf ljsf; ug'{ .

-n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;fdf dfq geO{_ ;/sf/, Goflos lgsfox¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] n}lËs -n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;fdf dfq geO{_ ;/sf/, Goflos lgsfox¿ / ;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] n}lËs •d"nk|jfxLs/0faf/] tflnd ;+rfng ug]{ / Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{ .d"nk|jfxLs/0faf/] tflnd ;+rfng ug]{ / Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{ .

n}lËs lx;fan] ;+j]bgzLn ;'/Iff / Gofo af/] hghfu/0f .n}lËs lx;fan] ;+j]bgzLn ;'/Iff / Gofo af/] hghfu/0f . •

;'/Iff Pjd\ Goflos lgsfox¿sf] Jojxf/ / b[li6sf]0fdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .;'/Iff Pjd\ Goflos lgsfox¿sf] Jojxf/ / b[li6sf]0fdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ . •

2222

;fdu|L !);fdu|L !)n}lËs / ;'/Iffsf nflu ;~rf/ ;"rL -r]sln:6_ tyf dfu{lgb]{zgx¿n}lËs / ;'/Iffsf nflu ;~rf/ ;"rL -r]sln:6_ tyf dfu{lgb]{zgx¿

v08 s M n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;~rf/ k|;f/0fsf nflu r]sln:6 v08 s M n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;~rf/ k|;f/0fsf nflu r]sln:6

…lsg of] eO/x]5 <Ú / …;d:ofsf If]qx¿ sxfF sxfF 5g\ <Ú…lsg of] eO/x]5 <Ú / …;d:ofsf If]qx¿ sxfF sxfF 5g\ <Ú •

lx+;f lsg x'G5 kQf nufpg], s] of] ;fdfGo 36gf xf] <lx+;f lsg x'G5 kQf nufpg], s] of] ;fdfGo 36gf xf] < •

36gfeGbf 6f9f klg x]g'{xf];\, ljleGg ;|f]tx¿;Fu cGtlqm{of ug'{xf];\ .36gfeGbf 6f9f klg x]g'{xf];\, ljleGg ;|f]tx¿;Fu cGtlqm{of ug'{xf];\ . •

s] of] Pp6f cnu 36gf xf] jf o:t} k|j[ltsf] cGo 36gfx¿ 5g <s] of] Pp6f cnu 36gf xf] jf o:t} k|j[ltsf] cGo 36gfx¿ 5g < •

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf lgsfox¿, gful/s ;dfhsf ;+u7gx¿, ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ / k|fl1sIf]q÷lj1x¿-;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf lgsfox¿, gful/s ;dfhsf ;+u7gx¿, ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ / k|fl1sIf]q÷lj1x¿- •hfgsf/ JolQm_af6 k[i7e"ldsf] hfgsf/L lng] / tYofËx¿ vf]Hg] .hfgsf/ JolQm_af6 k[i7e"ldsf] hfgsf/L lng] / tYofËx¿ vf]Hg] .

tYofÍsf] k5fl8 n's]sf] dfgj syf klg a'em\g] .tYofÍsf] k5fl8 n's]sf] dfgj syf klg a'em\g] . •

…oL d'2fx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf d'Vo JolQm sf] x'g\ <Ú / …;d:of ;Daf]wg ug{sf …oL d'2fx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf d'Vo JolQm sf] x'g\ <Ú / …;d:of ;Daf]wg ug{sf •lglDt s] ul/Fb}5 <ÚlglDt s] ul/Fb}5 <Ú

…jt{dfg ;d:of ;+af]wg ug{sf nflu s:tf /0fgLltx¿ nfu' ul/Psf] 5Ú / …s;n]<Ú eg]/ ;f]Wg] .…jt{dfg ;d:of ;+af]wg ug{sf nflu s:tf /0fgLltx¿ nfu' ul/Psf] 5Ú / …s;n]<Ú eg]/ ;f]Wg] . •

…g]kfndf n}lËs ljifosf] c;'/IffnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ s:tf dfkb08x¿ / lgb]{zgx¿ 5g\Ú eg]/ ;f]Wg] .…g]kfndf n}lËs ljifosf] c;'/IffnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ s:tf dfkb08x¿ / lgb]{zgx¿ 5g\Ú eg]/ ;f]Wg] . •

…k'¿if tyf dlxnf ;+nUg /x]sf s:tf /0fgLltx¿ 5g\ <Ú eg]/ ;f]Wg] .…k'¿if tyf dlxnf ;+nUg /x]sf s:tf /0fgLltx¿ 5g\ <Ú eg]/ ;f]Wg] . •

cGo ;+:yfx¿af6 /fHosf] lhDd]jf/L / pQ/bfloTjnfO{ x]g]{ .cGo ;+:yfx¿af6 /fHosf] lhDd]jf/L / pQ/bfloTjnfO{ x]g]{ . •

kLl8tsf] gfd uf]Ko /fVg] .kLl8tsf] gfd uf]Ko /fVg] . •

k/Dk/fut n}lËs ljefhgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg glbgsf lglDt zLif{ssf] af/]df Wofg lbP/ ;f]Rg'xf];\ .k/Dk/fut n}lËs ljefhgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg glbgsf lglDt zLif{ssf] af/]df Wofg lbP/ ;f]Rg'xf];\ . •

bf];|f] v08 M n}lËs–;+j]bgzLn ;~rf/ k|;ff/0fsf nflu kqsf/x¿nfO{ dfu{lgb]{zgbf];|f] v08 M n}lËs–;+j]bgzLn ;~rf/ k|;ff/0fsf nflu kqsf/x¿nfO{ dfu{lgb]{zg

!_ dlxnfnfO{ ;~rf/df ;'lgG5 / b]lvG5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ . cl3Nnf dlxgfsf d'Vo sfo{qmdx¿sf] !_ dlxnfnfO{ ;~rf/df ;'lgG5 / b]lvG5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ . cl3Nnf dlxgfsf d'Vo sfo{qmdx¿sf] n}lËs–k/LIf0f ;+rfng ug]{ . l6eL / /]l8of]df, 5fkfdf, l6Kk0fLstf{sf]¿kdf / /fhgLlt tyf jt{dfg n}lËs–k/LIf0f ;+rfng ug]{ . l6eL / /]l8of]df, 5fkfdf, l6Kk0fLstf{sf]¿kdf / /fhgLlt tyf jt{dfg dfldnfdf ax; sfo{qmddf, dlxnf tyf k'¿ifsf] pkl:yltdf ;dfg ;Gt'ng 5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf .dfldnfdf ax; sfo{qmddf, dlxnf tyf k'¿ifsf] pkl:yltdf ;dfg ;Gt'ng 5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf .

@_ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ljifox¿df ax; ug{ ;Sg] dflg;x¿sf] ;Dks{ 7]ufgf n}lËs ;Gt'ng sfod u/L @_ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ljifox¿df ax; ug{ ;Sg] dflg;x¿sf] ;Dks{ 7]ufgf n}lËs ;Gt'ng sfod u/L ;"rLs[t ug]{ . -u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfdf sfo{/t dlxnfx¿ / n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iffdf sfo{/t k|d'vx¿sf] ;"rLs[t ug]{ . -u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfdf sfo{/t dlxnfx¿ / n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iffdf sfo{/t k|d'vx¿sf] ;"rL x]g'{xf];\ _ . oL axfgfx¿ kl/Tofu ug'{xf];\ h:tf] ls M …xf], xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 ls l6eLsf] ax; ;"rL x]g'{xf];\ _ . oL axfgfx¿ kl/Tofu ug'{xf];\ h:tf] ls M …xf], xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5 ls l6eLsf] ax; sfo{qmddf xfdLn] dlxnf / k'¿ifnfO{ a/fa/sf] ;+Vofdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] eP x'GYof] t/ xfdLn] s'g} sfo{qmddf xfdLn] dlxnf / k'¿ifnfO{ a/fa/sf] ;+Vofdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] eP x'GYof] t/ xfdLn] s'g} pko'Qm dlxnfnfO{ lrg]sf lyPgf}+ hf] l6Kk0fL ug{ ;Ifd 5 .Ú x/]s b]zdf af]Ng ;Sg] / l6Kk0fL ug]{ pko'Qm dlxnfnfO{ lrg]sf lyPgf}+ hf] l6Kk0fL ug{ ;Ifd 5 .Ú x/]s b]zdf af]Ng ;Sg] / l6Kk0fL ug]{ dlxnfsf] sdL 5}g – tkfO{sf] ;Dks{ ;"rL lj:tf/ ug'{xf];\ .dlxnfsf] sdL 5}g – tkfO{sf] ;Dks{ ;"rL lj:tf/ ug'{xf];\ .

#_ syfj:t'÷36gfqmdsf] k5fl8 x]g'{xf];\– xfnsf ;'/Iff ;DaGwL syfJoyf÷36gfqmd÷;dfrf/dfly #_ syfj:t'÷36gfqmdsf] k5fl8 x]g'{xf];\– xfnsf ;'/Iff ;DaGwL syfJoyf÷36gfqmd÷;dfrf/dfly dlxnfsf] b[li6sf]0f af/] cg';Gwfg ug'{xf];\ . ToxfF Pp6f dfq b[li6sf]0f 5 / Tof] k'¿ifsf] xf] eGg] dlxnfsf] b[li6sf]0f af/] cg';Gwfg ug'{xf];\ . ToxfF Pp6f dfq b[li6sf]0f 5 / Tof] k'¿ifsf] xf] eGg] wf/0ff g/fvf}+ . s] j}slNks wf/0ff jf JofVof klg 5 eg]/ a'em\g / cnu t/ clws dxTjk"0f{ wf/0ff g/fvf}+ . s] j}slNks wf/0ff jf JofVof klg 5 eg]/ a'em\g / cnu t/ clws dxTjk"0f{ ;dfrf/ k|:t't ug{ ;w}+ dlxnf tyf dlxnf ;+u7gx¿sf] wf/0ff a'em\g' k5{ .;dfrf/ k|:t't ug{ ;w}+ dlxnf tyf dlxnf ;+u7gx¿sf] wf/0ff a'em\g' k5{ .

$_ jt{dfg ;jfnx¿, /fhgLlts Ph]08f / ;dfrf/x¿nfO{ s;n] lgoGq0f ub{5 < n}lËs e"ldsfx¿sf $_ jt{dfg ;jfnx¿, /fhgLlts Ph]08f / ;dfrf/x¿nfO{ s;n] lgoGq0f ub{5 < n}lËs e"ldsfx¿sf af/]df k/Dk/fut wf/0ffx¿nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ ;~rf/ k];fnfO{ ljeflht ug{ 5f8f}+, hxfF ;'/Iff, af/]df k/Dk/fut wf/0ffx¿nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ ;~rf/ k];fnfO{ ljeflht ug{ 5f8f}+, hxfF ;'/Iff, /fhgLlt, o'4 / cy{tGq ;DaGwL vf; ;dfrf/dfly k'¿if kqsf/sf] k|e'Tj 5 / t'ngfTds¿kdf /fhgLlt, o'4 / cy{tGq ;DaGwL vf; ;dfrf/dfly k'¿if kqsf/sf] k|e'Tj 5 / t'ngfTds¿kdf …g/d k|sf/sf ;fdflhs d'2fx¿ tyf jftfj/0f ;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿Ú s] s] 5g\ eg]/ ;dfrf/ tof/ …g/d k|sf/sf ;fdflhs d'2fx¿ tyf jftfj/0f ;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿Ú s] s] 5g\ eg]/ ;dfrf/ tof/ kfg]{ lhDdf eg] dlxnf kqsf/nfO{ lbOPsf] 5 .kfg]{ lhDdf eg] dlxnf kqsf/nfO{ lbOPsf] 5 .

%_ dlxnf÷k'¿ifsf leGgfleGg} wf/0ffsf af/]df kqsf/ / ;Dkfbssf] a'emfOnfO{ a9fpg] h;n] ubf{ %_ dlxnf÷k'¿ifsf leGgfleGg} wf/0ffsf af/]df kqsf/ / ;Dkfbssf] a'emfOnfO{ a9fpg] h;n] ubf{ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;dfrf/x¿n] klg ;dfrf/ k|sfzg÷k|;f/0fdf pNn]vgLo 7fpF kfpg ;s'g\ / b'j}sf ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;dfrf/x¿n] klg ;dfrf/ k|sfzg÷k|;f/0fdf pNn]vgLo 7fpF kfpg ;s'g\ / b'j}sf

;fdfu|L !);fdfu|L !)


wf/0fnfO{ Wofgdf /flvPsf] ;'lglZrt ul/of];\ .wf/0fnfO{ Wofgdf /flvPsf] ;'lglZrt ul/of];\ .

^_ dlxnf÷k'¿ifnfO{ tkfO{n] k9\g] klqsf, l6eL sfo{qmddf s;/L lrlqt ul/Psf] 5 < sfo{M ut ^_ dlxnf÷k'¿ifnfO{ tkfO{n] k9\g] klqsf, l6eL sfo{qmddf s;/L lrlqt ul/Psf] 5 < sfo{M ut xKtfsf nflu lrqx¿sf] Pp6f ;+lIfKt ;j]{If0f ;+rfng ug]{ . lrqsf k|d'v ljifox¿sf ¿kdf slt xKtfsf nflu lrqx¿sf] Pp6f ;+lIfKt ;j]{If0f ;+rfng ug]{ . lrqsf k|d'v ljifox¿sf ¿kdf slt dlxnf÷k'¿if b]lvG5g\ < s] lrqn] dlxnf tyf k'¿ifnfO{ k/Dk/fut e"ldsfdf k|:t't ub{5 h:tf] ls dlxnf÷k'¿if b]lvG5g\ < s] lrqn] dlxnf tyf k'¿ifnfO{ k/Dk/fut e"ldsfdf k|:t't ub{5 h:tf] ls k'¿ifnfO{ Joj;foL, Jofkf/L, g]tf, /fhgLlt1sf] ¿kdf k|:t't ul/of] eg] dlxnfnfO{ dfq ;xof]uL k'¿ifnfO{ Joj;foL, Jofkf/L, g]tf, /fhgLlt1sf] ¿kdf k|:t't ul/of] eg] dlxnfnfO{ dfq ;xof]uL e"ldsfdf .e"ldsfdf .

&_ ;~rf/df k|sfzg÷k|;f/0f ul/Psf ;dfrf/x¿df dlxnf tyf k'¿ifx¿sf] j0f{g÷lrq0f M s] tkfO{sf] &_ ;~rf/df k|sfzg÷k|;f/0f ul/Psf ;dfrf/x¿df dlxnf tyf k'¿ifx¿sf] j0f{g÷lrq0f M s] tkfO{sf] klqsf÷/]l8of]÷l6eLn] dlxnfnfO{ k/Dk/fut :yfgdf /fv]sf] 5 < sfo{ M olb tkfO{n] ;fdfGo ¿kdf klqsf÷/]l8of]÷l6eLn] dlxnfnfO{ k/Dk/fut :yfgdf /fv]sf] 5 < sfo{ M olb tkfO{n] ;fdfGo ¿kdf Pp6f Jofj;flos k'¿ifsf] k}t[s÷ kfl/jfl/s tyf j}jflxs l:yltsf] a0f{g ug'{ x'Gg eg] dlxnf Pp6f Jofj;flos k'¿ifsf] k}t[s÷ kfl/jfl/s tyf j}jflxs l:yltsf] a0f{g ug'{ x'Gg eg] dlxnf Joj;foLsf] klg Tof] l:yltsf] aofg gugf]{;\ . k'¿ifsf] j0f{g ubf{ kqsf/x¿n] ;fdfGot pgLx¿sf] Joj;foLsf] klg Tof] l:yltsf] aofg gugf]{;\ . k'¿ifsf] j0f{g ubf{ kqsf/x¿n] ;fdfGot pgLx¿sf] k];f, kbsf] j0f{g u5{g\ . p;sf ;Gtfg / p;sf] j}jflxs l:yltsf af/]df lj/n} pNn]v ul/Psf] k];f, kbsf] j0f{g u5{g\ . p;sf ;Gtfg / p;sf] j}jflxs l:yltsf af/]df lj/n} pNn]v ul/Psf] kfOG5 . Pp6L Jofj;flos dlxnfnfO{ …tLg ;GtfgsL cfdfÚ, …p;sL :jf:gLÚ, eg]/ j0f{g ubf{ kqsf/ kfOG5 . Pp6L Jofj;flos dlxnfnfO{ …tLg ;GtfgsL cfdfÚ, …p;sL :jf:gLÚ, eg]/ j0f{g ubf{ kqsf/ cfkm}+ 3]/fdf kb{5g\ . To;}n] k'¿if / dlxnfnfO{ Pp6} tl/sfaf6 j0f{g ug]{ .cfkm}+ 3]/fdf kb{5g\ . To;}n] k'¿if / dlxnfnfO{ Pp6} tl/sfaf6 j0f{g ug]{ .

*_ ;~rf/n] ;fdfGotM k'¿ifsf af/]df ;dfrf/ 5fKbf pgLx¿sf] zf/Ll/s agf}6sf af/]df geO{ *_ ;~rf/n] ;fdfGotM k'¿ifsf af/]df ;dfrf/ 5fKbf pgLx¿sf] zf/Ll/s agf}6sf af/]df geO{ pgLx¿sf] pknlAwsf af/]df s]lGb|t u/]sf] x'G5 . kqsf/ dlxnfsf] zf/Ll/s agf}6sf af/]df dfq pgLx¿sf] pknlAwsf af/]df s]lGb|t u/]sf] x'G5 . kqsf/ dlxnfsf] zf/Ll/s agf}6sf af/]df dfq gn]vL dlxnfsf pknlAwx¿df klg s]lGb|t /xg' k5{ . olb tkfO{n] k'¿ifsf] pkl:ylt / klxrfgsf] gn]vL dlxnfsf pknlAwx¿df klg s]lGb|t /xg' k5{ . olb tkfO{n] k'¿ifsf] pkl:ylt / klxrfgsf] lj:t[t jofg ug'{ x'Gg eg] dlxnfsf] klg pkl:ylt / klxrfgsf af/]df s]lGb|t gx'g'xf];\ . o;n] lj:t[t jofg ug'{ x'Gg eg] dlxnfsf] klg pkl:ylt / klxrfgsf af/]df s]lGb|t gx'g'xf];\ . o;n] k'¿ifsf] t'ngfdf dlxnfsf] Jofj;flos :t/nfO{ sdhf]/ agfpF5 .k'¿ifsf] t'ngfdf dlxnfsf] Jofj;flos :t/nfO{ sdhf]/ agfpF5 .

(_ s] tkfO{sf] ;~rf/ ;fdu|Ln] ;dfhdf n}lËs ;dfgtf / e]befj/lxt jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ug{ d2t (_ s] tkfO{sf] ;~rf/ ;fdu|Ln] ;dfhdf n}lËs ;dfgtf / e]befj/lxt jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ug{ d2t k'¥ofpF5 cyjf pgLx¿n] k/Dk/fut wf/0ffx¿nfO{ g} b[li6ut ¿kdf k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\, rfx] tL k'¥ofpF5 cyjf pgLx¿n] k/Dk/fut wf/0ffx¿nfO{ g} b[li6ut ¿kdf k|of]u ul//x]sf 5g\, rfx] tL wf/0ffx¿ dfgjclwsf/sf] lj/f]wdf g} lsg gplePsf xf]pg\ < ;dfrf/ k|sfzg÷k|;f/0f ubf{ n}lËs wf/0ffx¿ dfgjclwsf/sf] lj/f]wdf g} lsg gplePsf xf]pg\ < ;dfrf/ k|sfzg÷k|;f/0f ubf{ n}lËs ;dfgtf k|jw{g ug'{xf];\ / dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug'{xf];\ .;dfgtf k|jw{g ug'{xf];\ / dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug'{xf];\ .

!)_ dlxnfnfO{ ;bf lk5l8Psf] ¿kdf k|:t't ug]{ ;~rf/ dfWodx¿n] To:tf ;dfrf/x¿ 5fKg 5f8f}+ . !)_ dlxnfnfO{ ;bf lk5l8Psf] ¿kdf k|:t't ug]{ ;~rf/ dfWodx¿n] To:tf ;dfrf/x¿ 5fKg 5f8f}+ . dlxnfn] ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts / cfly{s If]qdf klg plQs} of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;Sb5g\ . ;kmn dlxnfn] ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts / cfly{s If]qdf klg plQs} of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ;Sb5g\ . ;kmn 36gfx¿ / cfbz{ e"ldsf -/f]n df]8]N;_ sf ¿kx¿df k|:t't ePsf dlxnfx¿sf] pbfx/0f vf]hf}+ . 36gfx¿ / cfbz{ e"ldsf -/f]n df]8]N;_ sf ¿kx¿df k|:t't ePsf dlxnfx¿sf] pbfx/0f vf]hf}+ . pbfx/0fsf lglDt ;fdu|L !# df /x]sf] l8P;kL uLtf pk|]tLsf] e"ldsf x]g'{xf];\ M uf]/vfdf sfo{/t pbfx/0fsf lglDt ;fdu|L !# df /x]sf] l8P;kL uLtf pk|]tLsf] e"ldsf x]g'{xf];\ M uf]/vfdf sfo{/t g]kfn k|x/Lsf gfoj pk/LIfs;Fusf] cGt/jftf{{ .g]kfn k|x/Lsf gfoj pk/LIfs;Fusf] cGt/jftf{{ .

!!_ of}gJofkf/÷a]rljvg / n}lËs lx+;fsf cGo k|sf/x¿sf af/]df ;~rf/ dfWoddf ;dfrf/x¿ !!_ of}gJofkf/÷a]rljvg / n}lËs lx+;fsf cGo k|sf/x¿sf af/]df ;~rf/ dfWoddf ;dfrf/x¿ k|sfzg÷k|;f/0f ubf{ s] kLl8tn] lx+;f vKg' hfoh lyof] eg]/ gsf/fTds 9+un] k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 < k|sfzg÷k|;f/0f ubf{ s] kLl8tn] lx+;f vKg' hfoh lyof] eg]/ gsf/fTds 9+un] k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 < sfo{M o:tf l6Kk0fLx¿ ug{ 5f8\gf];\Msfo{M o:tf l6Kk0fLx¿ ug{ 5f8\gf];\M

…pgL j]Zof dfq lyOg\ -To;sf/0f pgsf] anfTsf/ x'g' 7Ls lyof] _Ú .…pgL j]Zof dfq lyOg\ -To;sf/0f pgsf] anfTsf/ x'g' 7Ls lyof] _Ú . ◦

…pgn] k|f]T;flxt÷pQ]lht u/fpg] n'uf nufPsL lyOg\ -To;sf/0f pgsf] anfTsf/ x'g' 7Ls …pgn] k|f]T;flxt÷pQ]lht u/fpg] n'uf nufPsL lyOg\ -To;sf/0f pgsf] anfTsf/ x'g' 7Ls ◦lyof]_Ú .lyof]_Ú .

…nf]Ug]n] eg]sf] gdfg]sf]n] pgL lkl6g' 7Ls lyof] .Ú…nf]Ug]n] eg]sf] gdfg]sf]n] pgL lkl6g' 7Ls lyof] .Ú ◦

!@_ cdof{lbt zAbsf] k|of]u gu/f}+ . s;}nfO{ ckdfg ug{ jf x]Kg k|of]u ul/g] sygx¿ h:tf] ls …;a} !@_ cdof{lbt zAbsf] k|of]u gu/f}+ . s;}nfO{ ckdfg ug{ jf x]Kg k|of]u ul/g] sygx¿ h:tf] ls …;a} dlxnfx¿ sr\sr] x'G5g\Ú cyjf …dlxnfx¿ s]xL s'/f klg uf]kgLo /fVg ;Sb}gg\Ú eGg] jfSosf] k|of]u dlxnfx¿ sr\sr] x'G5g\Ú cyjf …dlxnfx¿ s]xL s'/f klg uf]kgLo /fVg ;Sb}gg\Ú eGg] jfSosf] k|of]u ug'{ x'Fb}g lsgls o;n] dlxnf af/] gsf/fTds wf/0ff k|:t't ub{5 .ug'{ x'Fb}g lsgls o;n] dlxnf af/] gsf/fTds wf/0ff k|:t't ub{5 .

!#_ s] tkfO{sf] zAbfjnL n}lËs ¿kdf ;+j]bgzLn 5 < tkfO{sf] zAbfjnL / efiff k'¿if / dlxnfnfO{ !#_ s] tkfO{sf] zAbfjnL n}lËs ¿kdf ;+j]bgzLn 5 < tkfO{sf] zAbfjnL / efiff k'¿if / dlxnfnfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{ x'g' kb{5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu M;dfj]z ug]{ x'g' kb{5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu M

…lahg];DofgÚ jf ‘lahg];Df]gÚsf] ;§f …ljhg]; Dofg]h/Ú, …sfo{sf/LÚ, …pBdLÚ, …Jofkf/L ;d'bfoÚ, ……lahg];DofgÚ jf ‘lahg];Df]gÚsf] ;§f …ljhg]; Dofg]h/Ú, …sfo{sf/LÚ, …pBdLÚ, …Jofkf/L ;d'bfoÚ, … ◦Jofkf/ ug]{ JolQmÚ cflb zAb k|of]u ug]{ .Jofkf/ ug]{ JolQmÚ cflb zAb k|of]u ug]{ .

…Sofd/fDofgÚ sf] ;§f …Sod/f ck/]6/Ú, …lkmNd lgdf{tfÚ, …Sofd/f rfnsÚ zAb k|of]u ug]{ .…Sofd/fDofgÚ sf] ;§f …Sod/f ck/]6/Ú, …lkmNd lgdf{tfÚ, …Sofd/f rfnsÚ zAb k|of]u ug]{ . ◦

r]o/Dofgsf] ;§f cWoIf -r]o/÷r]o/k;{g_, ;efklt zAb k|of]u ug]{ .r]o/Dofgsf] ;§f cWoIf -r]o/÷r]o/k;{g_, ;efklt zAb k|of]u ug]{ . ◦

2424

kmfo/Dofgsf] ;§f kmfo/ kmfO6/, kmfo/ lqmp, kmfo/ lj|u]8 k|of]u ug]{ .kmfo/Dofgsf] ;§f kmfo/ kmfO6/, kmfo/ lqmp, kmfo/ lj|u]8 k|of]u ug]{ . ◦

k'ln;Dofgsf] ;§f k|x/L clwsf/L, cyjf k|x/L k|of]u ug]{ .k'ln;Dofgsf] ;§f k|x/L clwsf/L, cyjf k|x/L k|of]u ug]{ . ◦

:kf]sDofgsf] ;§f :kf]sk;{g cyjf l/lk|h]G6]l6e k|of]u ug]{ .:kf]sDofgsf] ;§f :kf]sk;{g cyjf l/lk|h]G6]l6e k|of]u ug]{ . ◦

t];|f] v08 M n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;dfrf/ k|sfzg÷k|;f/0f ubf{sf ;femf r'gf}tLx¿t];|f] v08 M n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;dfrf/ k|sfzg÷k|;f/0f ubf{sf ;femf r'gf}tLx¿

n}lËs ;dfgtf jf dfgj clwsf/ /Iffsf lglDt tof/ kfl/Psf sfg'g / cGt/f{li6«o lg0f{ox¿af/] r]tgf n}lËs ;dfgtf jf dfgj clwsf/ /Iffsf lglDt tof/ kfl/Psf sfg'g / cGt/f{li6«o lg0f{ox¿af/] r]tgf ljsf; ug]{ cj;/ clws vj/x¿n] 5'6fPsf 5g\ . ljZj ;~rf/ cg'udg kl/of]hgf -lhPdPdkL_ n] ljsf; ug]{ cj;/ clws vj/x¿n] 5'6fPsf 5g\ . ljZj ;~rf/ cg'udg kl/of]hgf -lhPdPdkL_ n] @)!) df kQf nufof] ls@)!) df kQf nufof] ls*M

pRr cg'kftsf va/x¿n] zflGt ;DaGwL n}lËs k/Dk/fx¿ af/] -^$ k|ltztn]_, ljsf; pRr cg'kftsf va/x¿n] zflGt ;DaGwL n}lËs k/Dk/fx¿ af/] -^$ k|ltztn]_, ljsf; ◦;DaGwL -%( k|ltztn]_, åGå -%^ k|ltztn]_, n}lËs lx+;fsf k/Dk/fx¿nfO{ -%^ k|ltztn]_ hf]8 ;DaGwL -%( k|ltztn]_, åGå -%^ k|ltztn]_, n}lËs lx+;fsf k/Dk/fx¿nfO{ -%^ k|ltztn]_ hf]8 lbG5g\ .lbG5g\ .

cgnfOg va/x¿dWo] $@ k|ltztn] n}lËs k/Dk/fnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] kfOof] . dfq rf/ k|ltztn] cgnfOg va/x¿dWo] $@ k|ltztn] n}lËs k/Dk/fnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] kfOof] . dfq rf/ k|ltztn] ◦To;sf] lj/f]w u/] / clwsf+z -%$ k|ltzt_ n] g t hf]8 lbP g t lj/f]w g} u/] .To;sf] lj/f]w u/] / clwsf+z -%$ k|ltzt_ n] g t hf]8 lbP g t lj/f]w g} u/] .

dxTjk"0f{ ;jfnx¿df tof/ kfl/Psf ;dfrf/ ;fdu|Lx¿sf] Pp6f 7"nf] c+z n}lËs ¿kn] cGwf]em}+ dxTjk"0f{ ;jfnx¿df tof/ kfl/Psf ;dfrf/ ;fdu|Lx¿sf] Pp6f 7"nf] c+z n}lËs ¿kn] cGwf]em}+ ◦ePsf] b]lvG5 . ltgLx¿ g t lj/f]w ub{5g\ g t n}lËs k/Dk/fx¿ dfly hf]8 lbG5g\ . t6:y ePsf] b]lvG5 . ltgLx¿ g t lj/f]w ub{5g\ g t n}lËs k/Dk/fx¿ dfly hf]8 lbG5g\ . t6:y a:bf ;"Id / lglj{jfb n}lËs k"jf{u|xx¿ oyfjt /xG5g\ . e]befjnfO{ ;xof]u k'U5 . a:bf ;"Id / lglj{jfb n}lËs k"jf{u|xx¿ oyfjt /xG5g\ . e]befjnfO{ ;xof]u k'U5 .

b; k|ltzt ;dfrf/n] dfq n}lËs ;dfgtf / dfgjclwsf/ ;DaGwL ;fGble{s :yfgLo, /fli6«o, b; k|ltzt ;dfrf/n] dfq n}lËs ;dfgtf / dfgjclwsf/ ;DaGwL ;fGble{s :yfgLo, /fli6«o, ◦If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gL ;fdu|Lx¿sf af/] pNn]v u/]sf] x'G5 .If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gL ;fdu|Lx¿sf af/] pNn]v u/]sf] x'G5 .

* Macharia S, O’Connor D and Ndangam L, Who Makes the News ? The Global Media Monitoring Project 2010, (World Macharia S, O’Connor D and Ndangam L, Who Makes the News ? The Global Media Monitoring Project 2010, (World

Association for Christian Communication (WACC), 2010), <http://www.whomakesthenews.org/>.Association for Christian Communication (WACC), 2010), <http://www.whomakesthenews.org/>.

;fdfu|L !);fdfu|L !)


;fdu|L !!;fdu|L !!;~rf/ -ldl8of_, gful/s ;dfh ;+jfb ;q ;f]Wg ;Sg] k|Zgx¿;~rf/ -ldl8of_, gful/s ;dfh ;+jfb ;q ;f]Wg ;Sg] k|Zgx¿

olb gful/s ;dfhsf s'g} ;xefuL;Fu cfddflg;sf nflu ¿lrk"0f{ x'g;S5 eGg] vfnsf] s'g} syf÷36gf olb gful/s ;dfhsf s'g} ;xefuL;Fu cfddflg;sf nflu ¿lrk"0f{ x'g;S5 eGg] vfnsf] s'g} syf÷36gf 5 eg] cfkm\gf] ;d"xdf 5f]6f] ¿k/]vf eGg'k5{ / To;nfO{ Pp6f tYok"0f{ ;dfrf/df ljsf; ug{sf nflu 5 eg] cfkm\gf] ;d"xdf 5f]6f] ¿k/]vf eGg'k5{ / To;nfO{ Pp6f tYok"0f{ ;dfrf/df ljsf; ug{sf nflu ;'emfj dfUg'k5{ .;'emfj dfUg'k5{ .

Gfful/s ;dfhsf ;xefuLx¿n] ;~rf/;Fu /x]sf cfkm\gf cl3Nnf ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds b'j} cg'ejsf Gfful/s ;dfhsf ;xefuLx¿n] ;~rf/;Fu /x]sf cfkm\gf cl3Nnf ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds b'j} cg'ejsf cfwf/df klg k|Zg ;f]Wg ;Sg]5g\ . cfufdL lbgdf s;/L cem k|efjsf/L¿kdf k|:t't ug]{ eGg] ;'emfj dfu cfwf/df klg k|Zg ;f]Wg ;Sg]5g\ . cfufdL lbgdf s;/L cem k|efjsf/L¿kdf k|:t't ug]{ eGg] ;'emfj dfu ug'{k5{ . ug'{k5{ .

To;}u/L ;~rf/ If]qsf ;xefuLn] klg gful/s ;dfh;Fu To:t} vfnsf cg'ejx¿af6 k|Zgx¿ p7fpg To;}u/L ;~rf/ If]qsf ;xefuLn] klg gful/s ;dfh;Fu To:t} vfnsf cg'ejx¿af6 k|Zgx¿ p7fpg ;Sg]5g\ .;Sg]5g\ .

;~rf/ -ldl8of_ n] gful/s ;dfhnfO{ ;f]Wg ;Sg] k|Zgx¿ M;~rf/ -ldl8of_ n] gful/s ;dfhnfO{ ;f]Wg ;Sg] k|Zgx¿ M

n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff;F+u ;DalGwt s'g s'g ;jfnx¿df tkfO{ gful/s ;dfh ;+u7gdf /x]/ sfd n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff;F+u ;DalGwt s'g s'g ;jfnx¿df tkfO{ gful/s ;dfh ;+u7gdf /x]/ sfd ◦ub{} x'g'x'G5 <ub{} x'g'x'G5 <

tkfO{;Fu ;'/Iff / ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/;Fu ;DalGwt cfufdL s'g} sfo{qmdx¿ 5g\ <tkfO{;Fu ;'/Iff / ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/;Fu ;DalGwt cfufdL s'g} sfo{qmdx¿ 5g\ < ◦

tkfO{ n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ zLif{sdf tkfO{sf] gful/s ;dfh ;+u7g g]kfnsf] tkfO{ n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ zLif{sdf tkfO{sf] gful/s ;dfh ;+u7g g]kfnsf] ◦-ldl8of_;~rf/n] s'g s'g If]q ;d]6]sf] x]g{ rfxg'x'G5 <-ldl8of_;~rf/n] s'g s'g If]q ;d]6]sf] x]g{ rfxg'x'G5 <

s] tkfO{;Fu s'g} To:tf ¿lrk"0f{ syfx¿ 5g\ h;nfO{ tkfO{ ;~rf/df Nofpg rfxg'x'G5 <s] tkfO{;Fu s'g} To:tf ¿lrk"0f{ syfx¿ 5g\ h;nfO{ tkfO{ ;~rf/df Nofpg rfxg'x'G5 < ◦

s] tkfO{x¿ n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} sfo{qmdx¿sf] cfof]hgf ub}{ x'g'xG5 s] tkfO{x¿ n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} sfo{qmdx¿sf] cfof]hgf ub}{ x'g'xG5 ◦h;nfO{ xfdLn] ;d]6\g'k5{ <h;nfO{ xfdLn] ;d]6\g'k5{ <

gful/s ;dfhn] ;~rf/ -ldl8of_ nfO{ ;f]Wg ;Sg] k|Zgx¿ Mgful/s ;dfhn] ;~rf/ -ldl8of_ nfO{ ;f]Wg ;Sg] k|Zgx¿ M

tkfO{sf] k|sfzg÷;dfrf/kq÷/]l8of] sfo{qmd÷6]lnlehg sfo{qmdsf] af/]df atfpg'xf];\ .tkfO{sf] k|sfzg÷;dfrf/kq÷/]l8of] sfo{qmd÷6]lnlehg sfo{qmdsf] af/]df atfpg'xf];\ . ◦

tkfO{ s;/L ;Dks{ ul/of];\ eGg] rfxg'x'G5 < ;Ktfxsf] s'g ;do rfxg'xG5 < lbgsf] s'g ;do tkfO{ s;/L ;Dks{ ul/of];\ eGg] rfxg'x'G5 < ;Ktfxsf] s'g ;do rfxg'xG5 < lbgsf] s'g ;do ◦rfxg'x'G5 < tkfO{;Fu ;Dks{ /fVg] s'g ;do cg'ko'Qm xf] / s'g ;do pko'Qm xf] < xKtfsf] rfxg'x'G5 < tkfO{;Fu ;Dks{ /fVg] s'g ;do cg'ko'Qm xf] / s'g ;do pko'Qm xf] < xKtfsf] s'g lbg rflxF ;dfrf/ ;+sngsf nflu tkfO{nfO{ ;xh x'G5 <s'g lbg rflxF ;dfrf/ ;+sngsf nflu tkfO{nfO{ ;xh x'G5 <

kqsf/x¿sf] 8]8nfOg -;dfrf/ a'emfpg] clGtd ;do_ slxn] xf] < pgLx¿ slxn] s] ;d]65g\ kqsf/x¿sf] 8]8nfOg -;dfrf/ a'emfpg] clGtd ;do_ slxn] xf] < pgLx¿ slxn] s] ;d]65g\ ◦eGg] of]hgf agfpFbf / slxn] ;Dks{df cfpg rfxG5g\ eGg] s'/f kQf nufpg'xf];\ . s]xL eGg] of]hgf agfpFbf / slxn] ;Dks{df cfpg rfxG5g\ eGg] s'/f kQf nufpg'xf];\ . s]xL /]l8of] / 6]lnlehg sfo{qmdx¿;Fu clu|d of]hgf -OsfO_ x¿ x'G5g\, ltgLx¿nfO{ xKtf cufl8 /]l8of] / 6]lnlehg sfo{qmdx¿;Fu clu|d of]hgf -OsfO_ x¿ x'G5g\, ltgLx¿nfO{ xKtf cufl8 g} tkfO{ ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L lbg;Sg'xG5 . 36gfx¿sf] ;do rgfvf] eP/ tf]Sg'xf];\, ;s];Dd g} tkfO{ ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L lbg;Sg'xG5 . 36gfx¿sf] ;do rgfvf] eP/ tf]Sg'xf];\, ;s];Dd k|;f/0fsf lglDt w]/} ;fdu|Lx¿ pknAw x'g] ;do /f]Hg'xf];\ . olb s]xL u/L tkfO{ ;fFemsf] lglDt k|;f/0fsf lglDt w]/} ;fdu|Lx¿ pknAw x'g] ;do /f]Hg'xf];\ . olb s]xL u/L tkfO{ ;fFemsf] lglDt 6]lnlehgdf s'g} tfhf ;dfrf/ k|;f/0f ug{ rfxg'x'G5 eg] 36gfsf] laj/0f lbpF;f] g} tof/ 6]lnlehgdf s'g} tfhf ;dfrf/ k|;f/0f ug{ rfxg'x'G5 eg] 36gfsf] laj/0f lbpF;f] g} tof/ ug'{xf]; .ug'{xf]; .

tkfO{ s;/L ;Dks{ :yflkt xf]; eGg] rfxfg'x'G5 M Od]n, 6]lnkmf]g, k|]; lj1lKt, ;fdflhs tkfO{ s;/L ;Dks{ :yflkt xf]; eGg] rfxfg'x'G5 M Od]n, 6]lnkmf]g, k|]; lj1lKt, ;fdflhs ◦;~hfn, j]e;fO6 cflb <;~hfn, j]e;fO6 cflb <

tkfO{sf] k|;f/0f÷sfo{qmdn] s:tf k|sf/sf >f]tfnfO{ cfsli{ft u5{ < pd]/ ;d"x, If]qLo÷/fli6«o tkfO{sf] k|;f/0f÷sfo{qmdn] s:tf k|sf/sf >f]tfnfO{ cfsli{ft u5{ < pd]/ ;d"x, If]qLo÷/fli6«o ◦jf cGo, If]qLo kIfw/tfo'Qm syfx¿, k|f}9÷o'jf dfG5]x¿sf syfx¿, u|fdL0f÷zx/Lof cflbjf cGo, If]qLo kIfw/tfo'Qm syfx¿, k|f}9÷o'jf dfG5]x¿sf syfx¿, u|fdL0f÷zx/Lof cflb

s] s:tf lsl;dsf syf jf ljrf/x¿n] tkfO{nfO{ n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/k|lt ¿lr jf s] s:tf lsl;dsf syf jf ljrf/x¿n] tkfO{nfO{ n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/k|lt ¿lr jf ◦rfv nufpF5 <rfv nufpF5 <

s] s:tf syfdf tkfO{ ¿lr jf rfv /fVg'x'Gg <s] s:tf syfdf tkfO{ ¿lr jf rfv /fVg'x'Gg < ◦

tkfO{sf] ;jfndf s;n] ¿lr /fV5 eGg] s'/f kQf nufO;s]kl5 ltgLx¿;Fu e]63f6sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' xf];\ jf tkfO{sf] ;jfndf s;n] ¿lr /fV5 eGg] s'/f kQf nufO;s]kl5 ltgLx¿;Fu e]63f6sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' xf];\ jf sfo{zfnfkl5 ;Dks{df /xg'xf];\ olb tkfO{;Fu ;dfrf/o'Qm s]xL s'/fx¿ 5g\ eg] ;Dkfbs / kqsf/x¿;Fu ;lhn} sfo{zfnfkl5 ;Dks{df /xg'xf];\ olb tkfO{;Fu ;dfrf/o'Qm s]xL s'/fx¿ 5g\ eg] ;Dkfbs / kqsf/x¿;Fu ;lhn} kx'Fr agfpg ;lsG5 .kx'Fr agfpg ;lsG5 .

2626

;fdu|L !@;fdu|L !@g]kfnsf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df n}lËs bfloTjjf]w ;'b[9Ls/0f, gLlt k|:t'lt, @ dfr{ g]kfnsf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df n}lËs bfloTjjf]w ;'b[9Ls/0f, gLlt k|:t'lt, @ dfr{ @)!!@)!!

cfef/ Mcfef/ M

of] ;+lIfKt hfgsf/L k'l:tsf P06]gf kmfp08];g g]kfn -PPkmPg_ OSjcn PS;]; g]kfn -OPPg_, dlxnf of] ;+lIfKt hfgsf/L k'l:tsf P06]gf kmfp08];g g]kfn -PPkmPg_ OSjcn PS;]; g]kfn -OPPg_, dlxnf sfg'g tyf ljsf; d~r -Pkm8An'Pn8L_, g]kfn dfgj clwsf/ tyf ;~rf/ k|lti7fg -Ol/sf]g_ / sfg'g tyf ljsf; d~r -Pkm8An'Pn8L_, g]kfn dfgj clwsf/ tyf ;~rf/ k|lti7fg -Ol/sf]g_ / ;]km/jN8n] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf tof/ u/]sf x'g\ . o;df k|f/lDes cg';Gwfg, g]kfndf @))( df ul/Psf] lhNnf ;]km/jN8n] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf tof/ u/]sf x'g\ . o;df k|f/lDes cg';Gwfg, g]kfndf @))( df ul/Psf] lhNnf d"NofÍgsf] ljZn]if0f / cGo ;+:yfn] u/]sf cl3Nnfsfo{x¿sf] lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 .d"NofÍgsf] ljZn]if0f / cGo ;+:yfn] u/]sf cl3Nnfsfo{x¿sf] lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 .

of] ;+lIfKt k'l:tsfsf] tof/L / pTkfbg 8]gdfs{ /fhb"tfjf;sf] ;xof]uaf6 ;Dej ePsf] xf] .of] ;+lIfKt k'l:tsfsf] tof/L / pTkfbg 8]gdfs{ /fhb"tfjf;sf] ;xof]uaf6 ;Dej ePsf] xf] .

!= kl/ro!= kl/ro

of] ;+lIfKt hfgsf/Ld"ns gLlt k'l:tsf g]kfndf ;'/Iff c+ux¿leq ef]Ug' k/]sf n}lËs pQ/bfloTjsf of] ;+lIfKt hfgsf/Ld"ns gLlt k'l:tsf g]kfndf ;'/Iff c+ux¿leq ef]Ug' k/]sf n}lËs pQ/bfloTjsf ljBdfg r'g}tLx¿af/] k|sfz kfg{ ;'/Iff c+usf gLltlgdf{tfx¿k|lt s]lGb|t 5 . hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf ljBdfg ljBdfg r'g}tLx¿af/] k|sfz kfg{ ;'/Iff c+usf gLltlgdf{tfx¿k|lt s]lGb|t 5 . hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf ljBdfg ;d:of ;Daf]wg / ;dfhsf dlxnfx¿sf] dfq} geO{ ;'/Iff c+uleq sfo{/t dlxnf sd{rf/L :jod\sf] ;'/Iff ;d:of ;Daf]wg / ;dfhsf dlxnfx¿sf] dfq} geO{ ;'/Iff c+uleq sfo{/t dlxnf sd{rf/L :jod\sf] ;'/Iff cfjZostf plrt ;'/Iff lhDd]jf/L ;+oGq ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu ;'emfj k]z ug{ o; k'l:tsfsf] Wo]o /x]sf] cfjZostf plrt ;'/Iff lhDd]jf/L ;+oGq ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu ;'emfj k]z ug{ o; k'l:tsfsf] Wo]o /x]sf] 5 . o;n] cGt/f{li6«o ;+3x¿sf]5 . o;n] cGt/f{li6«o ;+3x¿sf]( k|fljlws ;xof]uaf6 g]kfnL -gful/s ;dfh ;+u7gx¿_ n] g]kfndf k|fljlws ;xof]uaf6 g]kfnL -gful/s ;dfh ;+u7gx¿_ n] g]kfndf@))( df u/]sf] lhNnfx¿sf] d"NofÍgsf] ljZn]if0f / cGo ;+:yfn] u/]sf] cl3Nnfsfo{x¿sf] lrq0f ub{5 . @))( df u/]sf] lhNnfx¿sf] d"NofÍgsf] ljZn]if0f / cGo ;+:yfn] u/]sf] cl3Nnfsfo{x¿sf] lrq0f ub{5 . o; k'l:tsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf ;'emfjx¿sf ljj/0fx¿ qmdzM /flvPsf 5g\ / /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] o; k'l:tsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf ;'emfjx¿sf ljj/0fx¿ qmdzM /flvPsf 5g\ / /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u vf]lhP cg';f/ ;xof]u k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u vf]lhP cg';f/ ;xof]u k'Ug] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

;+lIfKt ljj/0fx¿ lgDg p2]Zox¿sf nflu gful/s ;dfh ;+u7gx¿ / ;xof]uL cGt/f{li6«o ;+3x¿sf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0fx¿ lgDg p2]Zox¿sf nflu gful/s ;dfh ;+u7gx¿ / ;xof]uL cGt/f{li6«o ;+3x¿sf] k/fdz{af6 tof/ ul/Psf] xf] Mk/fdz{af6 tof/ ul/Psf] xf] M

;'/Iff c+u ljBdfg n}lËs pQ/bfloTjsf] ;Daf]wgdf /x]sf ljBdfg n}lËs, ;'/Iff l:ylt / ;'/Iff c+u ljBdfg n}lËs pQ/bfloTjsf] ;Daf]wgdf /x]sf ljBdfg n}lËs, ;'/Iff l:ylt / •r'gf}tLx¿af/] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ tyf gLlt lgdf{tfx¿nfO{ ;"lrt u/fpg' .r'gf}tLx¿af/] ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ tyf gLlt lgdf{tfx¿nfO{ ;"lrt u/fpg' .

;DalGwt d'2fnfO{ k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df gLlt tx agfpg ;'emfj lbg' .;DalGwt d'2fnfO{ k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df gLlt tx agfpg ;'emfj lbg' . •

n}lËs ;dfgtf M k'¿if tyf dlxnfsf] ;dfg k|ltlglwTj lg0f{o ubf{, gLlt tyf sfo{qmd lgdf{0f / n}lËs ;dfgtf M k'¿if tyf dlxnfsf] ;dfg k|ltlglwTj lg0f{o ubf{, gLlt tyf sfo{qmd lgdf{0f / sfo{qmdx¿sf] sfo{Gjog ubf{ x'g'kg]{,sfo{qmdx¿sf] sfo{Gjog ubf{ x'g'kg]{,

n}lËs ;Dj]bgzLntf M o;n] dlxnf, k'¿if, aflnsf / afnssf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] c;/ ;DaGwdf n}lËs ;Dj]bgzLntf M o;n] dlxnf, k'¿if, aflnsf / afnssf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] c;/ ;DaGwdf Wofgfsif{0f u/fpFb5 .Wofgfsif{0f u/fpFb5 .

n}lËs pQ/bfloTj M n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf n}lËs ;Dj]bgzLntf b'j} gLlt / sfo{qmdx¿df ;'lglZrt ug'{ . n}lËs pQ/bfloTj M n}lËs ;dfgtf tyf n}lËs ;Dj]bgzLntf b'j} gLlt / sfo{qmdx¿df ;'lglZrt ug'{ . -pbfx/0f M dfly pNn]lvt b'a} cj:yf_-pbfx/0f M dfly pNn]lvt b'a} cj:yf_

lnËsf cfwf/df lx+;f M ;dfhn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] leGgtfdf dlxnf tyf k'¿ifdf x'g] lx+;flnËsf cfwf/df lx+;f M ;dfhn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] leGgtfdf dlxnf tyf k'¿ifdf x'g] lx+;f

@= k[i7e"ld@= k[i7e"ld

g]kfndf ljBdfg n}lËs–;DalGwt ;'/Iff l:ylt Mg]kfndf ljBdfg n}lËs–;DalGwt ;'/Iff l:ylt M

g]kfnsf] d'Vo ;d:of n}lËs c;dfgtf / dlxnfsf clwsf/ x'g\, h'g ljZjsf] To:tf] sd b]zdf k5{, g]kfnsf] d'Vo ;d:of n}lËs c;dfgtf / dlxnfsf clwsf/ x'g\, h'g ljZjsf] To:tf] sd b]zdf k5{, hxfF dlxnfsf] cf}ift cfo' k'¿ifsf] eGbf sd 5, h'g dlxnfsf] ;dfGtLs[t l:yltsf] l;wf k|ltljDa xf] . hxfF dlxnfsf] cf}ift cfo' k'¿ifsf] eGbf sd 5, h'g dlxnfsf] ;dfGtLs[t l:yltsf] l;wf k|ltljDa xf] . kl/0ffd:j¿k, k'¿ifsf] t'ngfdf dlxnfn] pRr c;'/Iffsf] ;fdgf u5{g\ .kl/0ffd:j¿k, k'¿ifsf] t'ngfdf dlxnfn] pRr c;'/Iffsf] ;fdgf u5{g\ .

;fdfu|L !@;fdfu|L !@

( The district assessments are done by FWLD and IHRICON with technical support from International Alert, Saferworld, The district assessments are done by FWLD and IHRICON with technical support from International Alert, Saferworld,

EAN and AFN.EAN and AFN.


!)!) The Domestic Violence (Off ence and Punishment) Act 2009 defi nes ‘sexual harm/violence’ as “sexual misbehaviour, The Domestic Violence (Off ence and Punishment) Act 2009 defi nes ‘sexual harm/violence’ as “sexual misbehaviour,

humiliation, discouragement or harm in self respect of any person; or any other act that hampers safe sexual health. humiliation, discouragement or harm in self respect of any person; or any other act that hampers safe sexual health.

CEDAW defi nes ‘gender based violence’ as "a form of discrimination that seriously inhibits women's ability to enjoy CEDAW defi nes ‘gender based violence’ as "a form of discrimination that seriously inhibits women's ability to enjoy

rights and freedoms on a basis of equality with men.”rights and freedoms on a basis of equality with men.”!!!! AFN et al, Security and Justice in Nepal, (2010), p8.AFN et al, Security and Justice in Nepal, (2010), p8.!@!@ On Track For Improved Security¿ A survey tracking changing perceptions of public safety, security and justice provision On Track For Improved Security¿ A survey tracking changing perceptions of public safety, security and justice provision

in Nepal, (Saferworld and IDA, 2009).in Nepal, (Saferworld and IDA, 2009).!#!# Torture and Extra-Judicial Executions Amid Widespread Violence in the Terai, (Advocacy Forum, 2010), p viiTorture and Extra-Judicial Executions Amid Widespread Violence in the Terai, (Advocacy Forum, 2010), p vii!$!$ Key informant Interviews taken with high-raking personnel in the NP and NA in July 2010 as part of research for Key informant Interviews taken with high-raking personnel in the NP and NA in July 2010 as part of research for

Common Ground¿ Gendered Assessment of the Needs and Concerns of Maoist Army Combatants for Integration and Common Ground¿ Gendered Assessment of the Needs and Concerns of Maoist Army Combatants for Integration and

Rehabilitation, (Saferworld, 2010).Rehabilitation, (Saferworld, 2010).!%!% Op cit AFN, p36.Op cit AFN, p36.!^!^ Key informant Interviews taken with high-raking personnel in the NP and NA in July 2010 as part of research for Key informant Interviews taken with high-raking personnel in the NP and NA in July 2010 as part of research for


Rehabilitation, (Saferworld, 2010).Rehabilitation, (Saferworld, 2010).

vf;u/L ;g\ @))(vf;u/L ;g\ @))(!)!) sf] ;+o'Qm ;fem]bf/L -sG;f]l6{od_ n] ;Dk"0f{ lhNnfx¿sf] d"Nof+sg ubf{ of}ghGo tyf sf] ;+o'Qm ;fem]bf/L -sG;f]l6{od_ n] ;Dk"0f{ lhNnfx¿sf] d"Nof+sg ubf{ of}ghGo tyf lnËsf] cfwf/df lx+;f g} d'Vo / a9\b} u/]sf] ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo /x]sf] klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . lnËsf cfwf/df lnËsf] cfwf/df lx+;f g} d'Vo / a9\b} u/]sf] ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo /x]sf] klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 . lnËsf cfwf/df x'g] lx+;f dlxnfn] k|d'v¿kdf ;fdgf u/]sf] ljifo xf] . ;'/Iff r'gf}tL / anfTsf/sf 36gfx¿, a}jflxs x'g] lx+;f dlxnfn] k|d'v¿kdf ;fdgf u/]sf] ljifo xf] . ;'/Iff r'gf}tL / anfTsf/sf 36gfx¿, a}jflxs anfTsf/ h:tf cGo of}ghGo 36gfx¿nfO{ of] cg';Gwfgsf]anfTsf/ h:tf cGo of}ghGo 36gfx¿nfO{ of] cg';Gwfgsf]!!!! Pp6f efusf ¿kdf ;fd'lxs 5nkmnsf Pp6f efusf ¿kdf ;fd'lxs 5nkmnsf qmddf JoQm ul/Psf] lyof] . of] ;]km/jN8 tyf OG6/l8l;lKng]/L Pgfln:6 -cfO8LP_sf] ;xof]udf ul/Psf] qmddf JoQm ul/Psf] lyof] . of] ;]km/jN8 tyf OG6/l8l;lKng]/L Pgfln:6 -cfO8LP_sf] ;xof]udf ul/Psf] cWoogdf dlxnfx¿n] cfkm'nfO{ k'¿ifsf] t'ngfdf a9L lx+;fsf] lzsf/sf] ;fdgf ul//x]sf] 7DofO e]l6Psf] cWoogdf dlxnfx¿n] cfkm'nfO{ k'¿ifsf] t'ngfdf a9L lx+;fsf] lzsf/sf] ;fdgf ul//x]sf] 7DofO e]l6Psf] 5 . zx/LIf]qdf5 . zx/LIf]qdf!@!@ vf;u/L, /ft k/]kl5 3/leq / alx/ x'g] d'Vo vt/f n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f ePsf] vf;u/L, /ft k/]kl5 3/leq / alx/ x'g] d'Vo vt/f n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f ePsf] klxrfg P8ef]s];L kmf]/dn] k"jL{ t/fOdf u/]sf] cg';Gwfgaf6 b]lvPsf] 5 . ;LdfGtLs[t -blnt_ dlxnfx¿ klxrfg P8ef]s];L kmf]/dn] k"jL{ t/fOdf u/]sf] cg';Gwfgaf6 b]lvPsf] 5 . ;LdfGtLs[t -blnt_ dlxnfx¿ of}ghGo lx+;fdf, pRr hftsf k'¿ifx¿ -vf;u/L afx'g / ofbj_ tyf ;Ldf If]qdfof}ghGo lx+;fdf, pRr hftsf k'¿ifx¿ -vf;u/L afx'g / ofbj_ tyf ;Ldf If]qdf!#!# ;+rflnt ck/flws ;+rflnt ck/flws ;d'xaf6 a9L kLl8t ePsf] e]l6Psf] 5 .;d'xaf6 a9L kLl8t ePsf] e]l6Psf] 5 .

#= ;'/Iff If]q leq n}lËs bfloTjaf]wsf r'gf}ltx¿#= ;'/Iff If]q leq n}lËs bfloTjaf]wsf r'gf}ltx¿

ljleGg ;'/Iff lgsfosf cfb]z–lgb]{zx¿ljleGg ;'/Iff lgsfosf cfb]z–lgb]{zx¿

g]kfn k|x/L M plrt ¿kdf gful/snfO{ ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ pQ/bfoL x'g' tyf ;dfhdf Gofo Joj:yf g]kfn k|x/L M plrt ¿kdf gful/snfO{ ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ pQ/bfoL x'g' tyf ;dfhdf Gofo Joj:yf •sfod ug'{ / ;'/Iff cfjZos ePsf] ;d'bfosf] klxnf] ;Dks{ ;'"q x'g' .sfod ug'{ / ;'/Iff cfjZos ePsf] ;d'bfosf] klxnf] ;Dks{ ;'"q x'g' .

;z:q k|x/L M vf;u/L @))! df cw{ ;}lgs ansf] ¿kdf dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]x tyf cGo /fli6«o ;'/Iffdf ;z:q k|x/L M vf;u/L @))! df cw{ ;}lgs ansf] ¿kdf dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]x tyf cGo /fli6«o ;'/Iffdf •vt/f kg]{ d'2f;+u h'Wg, g]kfn k|x/LnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ v8f ul/Psf] .vt/f kg]{ d'2f;+u h'Wg, g]kfn k|x/LnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ v8f ul/Psf] .

g]kfnL ;]gf M ;+ljwfgn] tf]s] cg';f/ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o cv08tf tyf ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] /Iffdf pQ/bfoL g]kfnL ;]gf M ;+ljwfgn] tf]s] cg';f/ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o cv08tf tyf ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] /Iffdf pQ/bfoL •x'g' .x'g' .

#=! ;dfhdf dlxnfn] ef]Ug' k/]sf] c;'/IffnfO{ ;Daf]]wg ubf{sf r'gf}ltx¿ #=! ;dfhdf dlxnfn] ef]Ug' k/]sf] c;'/IffnfO{ ;Daf]]wg ubf{sf r'gf}ltx¿

;'/Iff ;/f]sf/nfO{ ;+jf]wg ug{ dlxnfx¿n] cg'ej u/] cg';f/ vf;u/L n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f ;'/Iff ;/f]sf/nfO{ ;+jf]wg ug{ dlxnfx¿n] cg'ej u/] cg';f/ vf;u/L n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f ;DaGwdf, ;d'bfonfO{ ;'/Iff k|bfg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf ;'/Iff ;+:yfx¿sf] Ifdtf cToGt} sdhf]/ /x]sf] ;DaGwdf, ;d'bfonfO{ ;'/Iff k|bfg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf ;'/Iff ;+:yfx¿sf] Ifdtf cToGt} sdhf]/ /x]sf] 5 . o;sf sf/0fnfO{ ljleGg tl/sfn] k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 .5 . o;sf sf/0fnfO{ ljleGg tl/sfn] k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 .

;'/Iff lgsfox¿df dlxnfsf] Go"g k|ltlglwTj M;'/Iff lgsfox¿ ;dfj]zL, kf/bzL{ tyf pQ/bfoL ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df dlxnfsf] Go"g k|ltlglwTj M;'/Iff lgsfox¿ ;dfj]zL, kf/bzL{ tyf pQ/bfoL •5g\ eGg] ;'lglZrttfsf lglDt pQm lgsfox¿df dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g' cToGt} cfjZos 5 h'g 5g\ eGg] ;'lglZrttfsf lglDt pQm lgsfox¿df dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g' cToGt} cfjZos 5 h'g rNb} cfPsf] pTs[i6 cGt/f{li6«o cEof;cg';f/ x'g' kb{5 . h;n] ubf{ dlxnf;+u ;DalGwt ljjfb rNb} cfPsf] pTs[i6 cGt/f{li6«o cEof;cg';f/ x'g' kb{5 . h;n] ubf{ dlxnf;+u ;DalGwt ljjfb / ck/fwnfO{ kof{Kt¿kdf ;+af]wg ug{ ;lsG5 d'Vo¿kdf n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;fdf . xfn}sf] / ck/fwnfO{ kof{Kt¿kdf ;+af]wg ug{ ;lsG5 d'Vo¿kdf n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;fdf . xfn}sf] ljj/0f cg';f/ em08} & k|ltzt g]kfn k|x/Ldf / @ k|ltzt g]kfnL ;]gfdfljj/0f cg';f/ em08} & k|ltzt g]kfn k|x/Ldf / @ k|ltzt g]kfnL ;]gfdf!$!$ dlxnf ;xefuL 5g\ . dlxnf ;xefuL 5g\ . @))( df sfo{qmd ;xefuLx¿n] u/]sf] lhNnf d'Nof+sgdf h'Dnf lhNnfdf @@$ k|x/L sd{rf/L @))( df sfo{qmd ;xefuLx¿n] u/]sf] lhNnf d'Nof+sgdf h'Dnf lhNnfdf @@$ k|x/L sd{rf/L dWo] s]jn ^ hgf dlxnf sd{rf/L /x]sf] tyf l;/fxf lhNnf cbfntdf sf]xL klg dlxnf sd{rf/L dWo] s]jn ^ hgf dlxnf sd{rf/L /x]sf] tyf l;/fxf lhNnf cbfntdf sf]xL klg dlxnf sd{rf/L g/x]sf] -cg';Gwfgsf] ;dodf_g/x]sf] -cg';Gwfgsf] ;dodf_!%!% kQf nfu]sf] lyof] . ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df bIf dlxnf etL{ ubf{ ef]Ug' kQf nfu]sf] lyof] . ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df bIf dlxnf etL{ ubf{ ef]Ug'

2828

!&!& Op cit AFN, p8.Op cit AFN, p8.!*!* apping of Informal Justice Mechanisms in Nepal, (Saferworld 2010), (internal document).apping of Informal Justice Mechanisms in Nepal, (Saferworld 2010), (internal document).!(!( Established in 1983 and currently operating in all districts.Established in 1983 and currently operating in all districts.@)@) Key informant Interviews taken with high-raking personnel in the NP and NA in July 2010 as part of research for Key informant Interviews taken with high-raking personnel in the NP and NA in July 2010 as part of research for


Rehabilitation, (Saferworld, 2010).Rehabilitation, (Saferworld, 2010).@!@! Breaking patterns of Sexual and Gender Based Violence: Security and Justice Provision in Post-Confl ict Nepal, Breaking patterns of Sexual and Gender Based Violence: Security and Justice Provision in Post-Confl ict Nepal,

(International Alert , 2010).(International Alert , 2010).@@@@ Op cit AFN, p8.Op cit AFN, p8.

k/]sf cK7]/fx¿nfO{ dlxnfsf] lglDt k|ltlglwTjsf] ¿kdf cf}+NofOPsf] 5 . ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Ln] k/]sf cK7]/fx¿nfO{ dlxnfsf] lglDt k|ltlglwTjsf] ¿kdf cf}+NofOPsf] 5 . ;'/Iff lgsfosf sd{rf/Ln] dlxnf egf{ ubf{ ef]Ug' k/]sf r'gf}ltx¿ af/] hfgsf/L lbP cg';f/ ;'/Iff lgsfodf eGbf clwsf+z bIf dlxnf egf{ ubf{ ef]Ug' k/]sf r'gf}ltx¿ af/] hfgsf/L lbP cg';f/ ;'/Iff lgsfodf eGbf clwsf+z bIf dlxnfx¿ a9L cfDbfgL x'g] If]q tyf j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] nflu cfslif{t x'G5g\ .dlxnfx¿ a9L cfDbfgL x'g] If]q tyf j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] nflu cfslif{t x'G5g\ .!^!^

n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f tyf dlxnf;Fu ;DalGwt cGo ph'/LnfO{ ;Daf]wg ubf{sf] sdhf]/ IfdtfM n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f tyf dlxnf;Fu ;DalGwt cGo ph'/LnfO{ ;Daf]wg ubf{sf] sdhf]/ IfdtfM •@))( sf@))( sf]!&]!& ;+o'Qm ;dembf/Lsf] ;'/Iff tyf Gofosf] lhNnf d'Nof+sgn] ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] btf{ ;+o'Qm ;dembf/Lsf] ;'/Iff tyf Gofosf] lhNnf d'Nof+sgn] ;d'bfosf ;b:ox¿n] btf{ u/]sf ljleGg ph'/Lsf] klxrfg u/]sf] 5 hxfF k|x/L;+u ck/flws n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f ;DaGwL u/]sf ljleGg ph'/Lsf] klxrfg u/]sf] 5 hxfF k|x/L;+u ck/flws n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f ;DaGwL ph'/Lx¿sf] ;+af]wg ug{ bIf Ifdtf gePsf] tyf To;sf] abnfdf pgLx¿n] ljleGg u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf ph'/Lx¿sf] ;+af]wg ug{ bIf Ifdtf gePsf] tyf To;sf] abnfdf pgLx¿n] ljleGg u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf ;d"bfosf ljleGg ;d'x;+u l;kmfl/; u/]sf] e]l6of] .tyf ;d"bfosf ljleGg ;d'x;+u l;kmfl/; u/]sf] e]l6of] .!*!* ;]km/jN8{ / zflGt dflnsfn] @)!) df ;]km/jN8{ / zflGt dflnsfn] @)!) df u/]sf] cg';Gwfgn] s] b]vfof] eg] clwsf+z dlxnf k|x/L sd{rf/Lx¿n] -8An'kL;L_ s]xL tflndx¿ u/]sf] cg';Gwfgn] s] b]vfof] eg] clwsf+z dlxnf k|x/L sd{rf/Lx¿n] -8An'kL;L_ s]xL tflndx¿ lnPtf klg cfjZos k/]sfnfO{ kof{Kt ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . vf; u/L anfTsf/ h:tf n}lËs lnPtf klg cfjZos k/]sfnfO{ kof{Kt ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . vf; u/L anfTsf/ h:tf n}lËs Pj of}ghGo lx+;f;Fu ;DalGwt d'2fx¿df pgLx¿ sd bIf b]lvG5g\ . dlxnfx¿sf] pRr txdf Pj of}ghGo lx+;f;Fu ;DalGwt d'2fx¿df pgLx¿ sd bIf b]lvG5g\ . dlxnfx¿sf] pRr txdf tyf ljz]if :yfgdf Go"g pkl:yltn] emg of] Ifdtfsf] vf8nnfO{ cem a9fPsf] 5 . hxfF n}lËs Pj| tyf ljz]if :yfgdf Go"g pkl:yltn] emg of] Ifdtfsf] vf8nnfO{ cem a9fPsf] 5 . hxfF n}lËs Pj| of}ghGo lx+;f tyf dlxnf ;+nUg /x]sf] d'2fnfO{ dlxnf sd{rf/Ln] ;+jf]wg ug{ g]kfnL ;+:s[ltn] of}ghGo lx+;f tyf dlxnf ;+nUg /x]sf] d'2fnfO{ dlxnf sd{rf/Ln] ;+jf]wg ug{ g]kfnL ;+:s[ltn] :jLsf/]sf] 5 . 3/]n' lx+;f P]g -@))(_nfO{ pknAw u/fP cg';f/ k|x/Lx¿n] ca n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo :jLsf/]sf] 5 . 3/]n' lx+;f P]g -@))(_nfO{ pknAw u/fP cg';f/ k|x/Lx¿n] ca n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f tyf cGo 3/]n' lx+;fsf d'2fx¿sf] IfdtfnfO{ ;'b[9 u/fpg' h¿/L ePsf]5 .lx+;f tyf cGo 3/]n' lx+;fsf d'2fx¿sf] IfdtfnfO{ ;'b[9 u/fpg' h¿/L ePsf]5 .

cko{fKt ;|f]t;fwgn] ubf{ dlxnf;Fu ;DalGwt d'2fx¿nfO{ ;'/Iff lgsfon] ;+af]wg ug{ k5fl8 ws]lng' cko{fKt ;|f]t;fwgn] ubf{ dlxnf;Fu ;DalGwt d'2fx¿nfO{ ;'/Iff lgsfon] ;+af]wg ug{ k5fl8 ws]lng' •kl//x]sf] 5 . dlxnf ;+nUg /x]sf] n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f ;DalGwt ph'/Lx¿sf] ;Daf]wg ug]{ d'Vo kl//x]sf] 5 . dlxnf ;+nUg /x]sf] n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f ;DalGwt ph'/Lx¿sf] ;Daf]wg ug]{ d'Vo e"ldsf v]Ng] …dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|x¿Úe"ldsf v]Ng] …dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|x¿Ú!(!( :jo+ ckof{Kt ;|f]t / ;fwg tyf Go"gtfaf6 :jo+ ckof{Kt ;|f]t / ;fwg tyf Go"gtfaf6 kLl8t 5g\ . tTsfn} pgLx¿sf] Ifdtf j[l4 ug{‘ k5{ . ToxfF s'g} ;|f]t ;fwgsf] pknAwtf 5}g, h] 5g\ kLl8t 5g\ . tTsfn} pgLx¿sf] Ifdtf j[l4 ug{‘ k5{ . ToxfF s'g} ;|f]t ;fwgsf] pknAwtf 5}g, h] 5g\ tL klg ljleGg cj/f]w;+u /x]sf 5g\ 6]nLkmf]g, kmlg{r/sf] sdL dlxnf;+u JolQmut cGt{jftf{ lnbfF tL klg ljleGg cj/f]w;+u /x]sf 5g\ 6]nLkmf]g, kmlg{r/sf] sdL dlxnf;+u JolQmut cGt{jftf{ lnbfF 7fFpsf] cefj tyf lx++;fu|:t dlxnfx¿sf] nflu c:yfoL a;f]af; tyf cem} lx+;fsf] lzsf/ x'g ;Sg] 7fFpsf] cefj tyf lx++;fu|:t dlxnfx¿sf] nflu c:yfoL a;f]af; tyf cem} lx+;fsf] lzsf/ x'g ;Sg] eo /x]sf] 5 .eo /x]sf] 5 .@)@) 8An'lk;Lx¿ klg To:t} >f]t;fwgsf] cefjaf6 kL8t 5g\ . 8An'lk;Lx¿ klg To:t} >f]t;fwgsf] cefjaf6 kL8t 5g\ .@!@! ;+o'Qm ;fe]mbf/Lsf] ;+o'Qm ;fe]mbf/Lsf] ;'/Iff tyf Gofosf] lhNnf d"Nof+sgn] xfn u|fdL0f If]qsf dlxnfx¿n] k|x/L ;]jfx¿ lng w]/} lbg ;'/Iff tyf Gofosf] lhNnf d"Nof+sgn] xfn u|fdL0f If]qsf dlxnfx¿n] k|x/L ;]jfx¿ lng w]/} lbg lx8]/ ofqf ug'{ k/]sf] e]§fPsf] 5 .lx8]/ ofqf ug'{ k/]sf] e]§fPsf] 5 .@@@@

;'/Iff ;DjGwL gLlt agfpFbf, lg0f{o lnFbf / /fli6«o ;'/Iff–;DaGwL gLlt -h:t} M /fli6«o ;'/Iff /0fgLlt ;'/Iff ;DjGwL gLlt agfpFbf, lg0f{o lnFbf / /fli6«o ;'/Iff–;DaGwL gLlt -h:t} M /fli6«o ;'/Iff /0fgLlt •tyf ljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgf -@))(__ nfu' u/fpFbf, dlxnfsf] ;'/Iff cj:yfnfO{ ;+jf]wg ubf{ ;'/Iff tyf ljz]if ;'/Iff of]hgf -@))(__ nfu' u/fpFbf, dlxnfsf] ;'/Iff cj:yfnfO{ ;+jf]wg ubf{ ;'/Iff lgsfosf] bIftfnfO{ cjd"Nog ul/Psf] 5 . ;'/Iff ;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0f ug{ pQ/bfoL ;ldltx¿ tyf lgsfosf] bIftfnfO{ cjd"Nog ul/Psf] 5 . ;'/Iff ;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0f ug{ pQ/bfoL ;ldltx¿ tyf dGqfnox¿, h:t} u[x dGqfno / Gofo tyf sfg"g dGqfnox¿sf pRr txsf kbx¿df ;fdfGotf dGqfnox¿, h:t} u[x dGqfno / Gofo tyf sfg"g dGqfnox¿sf pRr txsf kbx¿df ;fdfGotf dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt gx'g' .dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt gx'g' .

#=@ ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df dlxnfn] ef]u]sf r'gf}ltx¿ #=@ ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df dlxnfn] ef]u]sf r'gf}ltx¿

;Dk"0f{ ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] dlxnfnfO{ cfkm\gf] kbdf etL{ ug{ lgs} ;+3if{ ug'{ kb{5 . g]kfn k|x/Lsf] ;Gbe{df, ;Dk"0f{ ;'/Iff lgsfox¿n] dlxnfnfO{ cfkm\gf] kbdf etL{ ug{ lgs} ;+3if{ ug'{ kb{5 . g]kfn k|x/Lsf] ;Gbe{df, k'Ubf] dlxnf sd{rf/L eP klg, ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] sdLn] ubf{ lhNnf lhNnfdf k7fOFb}g . ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df k'Ubf] dlxnf sd{rf/L eP klg, ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] sdLn] ubf{ lhNnf lhNnfdf k7fOFb}g . ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df k|j]z ubf{ tyf pkNnf] kb ;DxfNbf dlxnf sd{rf/Lx¿n] ef]Ug' k/]sf d'Vo r'gf}tLx¿ lgDg lnlvt 5g\ .k|j]z ubf{ tyf pkNnf] kb ;DxfNbf dlxnf sd{rf/Lx¿n] ef]Ug' k/]sf d'Vo r'gf}tLx¿ lgDg lnlvt 5g\ .

dlxnfsf nflu ;'/Iff lgsfodf sdhf]/ ef}lts k"jf{wf/, ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ leq dlxnfn] ToxfF dlxnf dlxnfsf nflu ;'/Iff lgsfodf sdhf]/ ef}lts k"jf{wf/, ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ leq dlxnfn] ToxfF dlxnf •sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ 5'§} ;'ljwfx¿ h:t} ;/;kmfO{ / ;'Tg] ;'ljwfx¿, dlxnf 6«flkms k|x/LnfO{ zf}rfnosf] sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ 5'§} ;'ljwfx¿ h:t} ;/;kmfO{ / ;'Tg] ;'ljwfx¿, dlxnf 6«flkms k|x/LnfO{ zf}rfnosf] ;'ljwfsf] sdLg} ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df dlxnfsf] egf{ tyf a9'jf / pgLx¿sf] dfgjclwsf/nfO{ ;'ljwfsf] sdLg} ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df dlxnfsf] egf{ tyf a9'jf / pgLx¿sf] dfgjclwsf/nfO{ cjd'Nog ug]{ d'2fsf] ¿kdf klxrfg u/]sf 5g\ . Jof/]sx¿sf] k"jf{wf/x¿ klg ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df cjd'Nog ug]{ d'2fsf] ¿kdf klxrfg u/]sf 5g\ . Jof/]sx¿sf] k"jf{wf/x¿ klg ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df



n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f ;DaGwL d'2fsf] /f]syfd ug{ d'Vo ¿kdf lnOPsf] 5 .n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f ;DaGwL d'2fsf] /f]syfd ug{ d'Vo ¿kdf lnOPsf] 5 .

;'/Iff lgsfosf dlxnfk|lt cfd dflg; tyf ;f+:s[lts wf/0ff M ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df dlxnfsf] ;'/Iff lgsfosf dlxnfk|lt cfd dflg; tyf ;f+:s[lts wf/0ff M ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df dlxnfsf] •;xeflutfk|lt /x]sf] gsf/fTds ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts dfGotfn] pQm lgsfox¿df dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfk|lt /x]sf] gsf/fTds ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts dfGotfn] pQm lgsfox¿df dlxnfsf] ;dfg ;xeflutf / egf{nfO{ cjd"Nog ub{5 . ;+:s[ltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf n}lËs e"ldsf;Fu hf]l8Psf] ;dfg ;xeflutf / egf{nfO{ cjd"Nog ub{5 . ;+:s[ltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf n}lËs e"ldsf;Fu hf]l8Psf] x'gfn], dlxnfx¿n] s]jn cfkm\gf] >Ldfg tyf ;Gtfgsf] rfxgf k'/f ug'{kg]{ dfGotf /x]sf] 5, x'gfn], dlxnfx¿n] s]jn cfkm\gf] >Ldfg tyf ;Gtfgsf] rfxgf k'/f ug'{kg]{ dfGotf /x]sf] 5, gls hflu/ ug]{, cem ljz]if u/L hxfF k'¿if sd{rf/Lx¿ ;xefuL ePsf 5g\ . ha dlxnf ;'/Iff gls hflu/ ug]{, cem ljz]if u/L hxfF k'¿if sd{rf/Lx¿ ;xefuL ePsf 5g\ . ha dlxnf ;'/Iff sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ s'g} d'2fdf cg';Gwfg ug{ k7fOG5 ta ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿af6 x'g] cgfbf/n] sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ s'g} d'2fdf cg';Gwfg ug{ k7fOG5 ta ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿af6 x'g] cgfbf/n] pgLx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] bfloTj k|efjsf/L 9Ën] nfu'ug]{ clwsf/ tyf Ifdtfdf xfgL u5{ .pgLx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] bfloTj k|efjsf/L 9Ën] nfu'ug]{ clwsf/ tyf Ifdtfdf xfgL u5{ .@# @#

dlxnfx¿k|ltsf] wf/0ff tyf ;'/Iff lgsfo leq dlxnf ;DaGwL d'2fx¿ M cfkm\g} ;xsdL{af6 klg dlxnfx¿k|ltsf] wf/0ff tyf ;'/Iff lgsfo leq dlxnf ;DaGwL d'2fx¿ M cfkm\g} ;xsdL{af6 klg •lnËdf cfwfl/t d]befjsf] ;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf], ;'/Iff lgsfo leqsf dlxnfn] JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . h;n] lnËdf cfwfl/t d]befjsf] ;fdgf ug'{ k/]sf], ;'/Iff lgsfo leqsf dlxnfn] JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . h;n] ltgsf] a9'jfsf] cj;/ tyf cfkm\gf] sfo{ k|efjsf/L 9Ën] ug]{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] cjd'Nog ub{5 .ltgsf] a9'jfsf] cj;/ tyf cfkm\gf] sfo{ k|efjsf/L 9Ën] ug]{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] cjd'Nog ub{5 .@$@$ o;sf] Pp6f r/d pbfx¿0f, ;'GtnL wfdL x'g\ hf] ;]K6]Da/ @&, @))( df lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, o;sf] Pp6f r/d pbfx¿0f, ;'GtnL wfdL x'g\ hf] ;]K6]Da/ @&, @))( df lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, c5fddf cfkm\g} ;xsdL{4f/f anfTs[t eOg\ .c5fddf cfkm\g} ;xsdL{4f/f anfTs[t eOg\ .@%@% dlxnf ;+nUg /x]sf n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f dlxnf ;+nUg /x]sf n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f ;DaGwL 36gfx¿ olt w]/} 5g\ h;nfO{ k|x/L sd{rf/Lx¿n] ;fdfGo ¿kdf x]g{ yfn]sf 5g\ .;DaGwL 36gfx¿ olt w]/} 5g\ h;nfO{ k|x/L sd{rf/Lx¿n] ;fdfGo ¿kdf x]g{ yfn]sf 5g\ .@^@^

;'/Iff lgsfoleq n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f ;DaGwL d'2fsf] ;+jf]wgsf nflu sdhf]/ ;'ljwfx¿ ;'/Iff lgsfoleq n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f ;DaGwL d'2fsf] ;+jf]wgsf nflu sdhf]/ ;'ljwfx¿ •M ;Dk"0f{ ;'/Iff lgsfosf dlxnfx¿n] s'g} 36gfsf] hjfkmb]lxtfsf nflu gofF ;+oGqsf] lgdf{0fsf] M ;Dk"0f{ ;'/Iff lgsfosf dlxnfx¿n] s'g} 36gfsf] hjfkmb]lxtfsf nflu gofF ;+oGqsf] lgdf{0fsf] cfjZostf tyf ;'/Iff lgsfo leq dlxnfx¿df x'g] n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;fsf ;DjGwdf hf]lvd cfjZostf tyf ;'/Iff lgsfo leq dlxnfx¿df x'g] n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;fsf ;DjGwdf hf]lvd Go"lgs/0f af/] k|sfz kf/]sf 5g\ . of] p2]Zosf nflu kof{Kt ;+oGqx¿ pknAw g/x]sf] dxz'; Go"lgs/0f af/] k|sfz kf/]sf 5g\ . of] p2]Zosf nflu kof{Kt ;+oGqx¿ pknAw g/x]sf] dxz'; ul/Psf] 5 . To} klg o; ljifodf cufl8 a9fpg] sbd ;'¿ ul/Psf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf xfn} ul/Psf] 5 . To} klg o; ljifodf cufl8 a9fpg] sbd ;'¿ ul/Psf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf xfn} o; p2]Zosf nflu g]kfnL ;]gfdf :yfkgf ul/Psf] dlxnf OsfO{, g]kfn k|x/L leq /x]sf] dlxnf tyf o; p2]Zosf nflu g]kfnL ;]gfdf :yfkgf ul/Psf] dlxnf OsfO{, g]kfn k|x/L leq /x]sf] dlxnf tyf afn aflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|x¿ ;dfhdf /x]sf dlxnfsf] d'2f ;+jf]wgdf s]lGb|t 5g\ .afn aflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|x¿ ;dfhdf /x]sf dlxnfsf] d'2f ;+jf]wgdf s]lGb|t 5g\ .@&@& t/ dlxnf k|x/L t/ dlxnf k|x/L sd{rf/L la¿4 x'g] cfGtl/s n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;fnfO{ ltgn] ;+jf]wg ub}{gg\ .sd{rf/L la¿4 x'g] cfGtl/s n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;fnfO{ ltgn] ;+jf]wg ub}{gg\ .

g]kfn ;/sf/ ;b:o /fi6«sf¿kdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 tyf ;xefuLsf ¿kdf dlxnf lj¿4 x'g] ;Dk"0f{ g]kfn ;/sf/ ;b:o /fi6«sf¿kdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 tyf ;xefuLsf ¿kdf dlxnf lj¿4 x'g] ;Dk"0f{ lsl;dsf e]befjsf] pGd'ng ;+Dd]ng -CEDAW_ k|lt pQ/bfoL 5, ;fy} ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lsl;dsf e]befjsf] pGd'ng ;+Dd]ng -CEDAW_ k|lt pQ/bfoL 5, ;fy} ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{ox¿ !#@%lg0f{ox¿ !#@%@*@*, !*@), !*@)@(@(, !***, !***#)#), !**(, !**(#!#! k|lt pQ/bfoL 5 . ;/sf/n] ;'/Iff k|fjwfg tyf ;'/Iff k|lt pQ/bfoL 5 . ;/sf/n] ;'/Iff k|fjwfg tyf ;'/Iff gLltx¿df n}lËs bfloTjjf]wnfO{ n}lËs lx+;f -@)!)_ ph'/Lsf] lgDtL lgz'Ns kmf]g gDa/ !!!! sf] Joj:yf gLltx¿df n}lËs bfloTjjf]wnfO{ n}lËs lx+;f -@)!)_ ph'/Lsf] lgDtL lgz'Ns kmf]g gDa/ !!!! sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;/sf/n] xfn} ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{ox¿ !#@% / !*@) -km]a|'j/L @)!!_ tyf ul/Psf] 5 . ;/sf/n] xfn} ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{ox¿ !#@% / !*@) -km]a|'j/L @)!!_ tyf 3/]n' lx+;f P]g -@))(_ sf] /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgf kfl/t u¥of] h;n] 3/]n' lx+;f ;DaGwL d'2fnfO{ k|x/Ln] 3/]n' lx+;f P]g -@))(_ sf] /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgf kfl/t u¥of] h;n] 3/]n' lx+;f ;DaGwL d'2fnfO{ k|x/Ln]

@#@# Key informant Interviews (KIIs) undertaken by Saferworld in 2011 as part of research done in preparation for Key informant Interviews (KIIs) undertaken by Saferworld in 2011 as part of research done in preparation for

docudrama on gender and security in Dhanusha, Kaski and Doti.docudrama on gender and security in Dhanusha, Kaski and Doti.@$@$ Ibid.Ibid.@% @% Achham Case: Rape by own colleagues, Article from Kathmandu Post, (Kathmandu, Nepal, January 11, 2010).Achham Case: Rape by own colleagues, Article from Kathmandu Post, (Kathmandu, Nepal, January 11, 2010).@^@^ Breaking patterns of Sexual and Gender Based Violence: Security and Justice Provision in Post-Confl ict Nepal, Breaking patterns of Sexual and Gender Based Violence: Security and Justice Provision in Post-Confl ict Nepal,

(International Alert , 2010).(International Alert , 2010).@&@& Key informant Interviews taken with high-raking personnel in the NP and NA in July 2010 as part of research for Key informant Interviews taken with high-raking personnel in the NP and NA in July 2010 as part of research for


Rehabilitation, (Saferworld, 2010).Rehabilitation, (Saferworld, 2010).@*@* UNSCR 1325 calls for the integration of a gender perspective in all aspects of confl ict prevention, resolution, UNSCR 1325 calls for the integration of a gender perspective in all aspects of confl ict prevention, resolution,

peacebuilding and post-confl ict resolution.peacebuilding and post-confl ict resolution.@(@( UNSCR 1820 calls for UN-led Security Sector Reform (SSR) or DDR activities to explicitly include consultations with UNSCR 1820 calls for UN-led Security Sector Reform (SSR) or DDR activities to explicitly include consultations with

women’s organisations.women’s organisations.#)#) UNSCR 1888 addresses the need to end sexual violence against women in confl ict-aff ected countries.UNSCR 1888 addresses the need to end sexual violence against women in confl ict-aff ected countries.#!#! UNSCR 1889 calls for measures to improve women’s participation during all stages of peace processes, particularly in UNSCR 1889 calls for measures to improve women’s participation during all stages of peace processes, particularly in

confl ict resolution, post-confl ict planning and peacebuilding, including through gender mainstreaming.confl ict resolution, post-confl ict planning and peacebuilding, including through gender mainstreaming.#@#@ See GoN, National Plan of Action Against Gender Based Violence, (2009).See GoN, National Plan of Action Against Gender Based Violence, (2009).

3030

#) lbg leqdf ;Daf]wg ug'{ kg]{ lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] @)!) nfO{ ælnËdf cfwf/Lt lx+;f la¿4sf] #) lbg leqdf ;Daf]wg ug'{ kg]{ lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n] @)!) nfO{ ælnËdf cfwf/Lt lx+;f la¿4sf] aif{Æklg 3f]if0ff u¥of] . oL ;+sNk, P]g tyf ;Demf}tfx¿ / dlxnf tyf k'¿ifnfO{ ;dfj]z u/fO{ gful/s aif{Æklg 3f]if0ff u¥of] . oL ;+sNk, P]g tyf ;Demf}tfx¿ / dlxnf tyf k'¿ifnfO{ ;dfj]z u/fO{ gful/s ;'/Iff gLlt tyf sfo{qmdk|lt pQ/bfloTjsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo :t/df ;Lldt sfd dfq ;'/Iff gLlt tyf sfo{qmdk|lt pQ/bfloTjsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo :t/df ;Lldt sfd dfq ePsf 5g\ .ePsf 5g\ .

;'/Iff lgsfox¿ leq n}lËs pQ/bfloTj ;'b[9Ls/0fsf xfn;Ddsf k|of; tyf pknlAwx¿;'/Iff lgsfox¿ leq n}lËs pQ/bfloTj ;'b[9Ls/0fsf xfn;Ddsf k|of; tyf pknlAwx¿

g]kfn k|x/L M g]kfnk|x/L leq clxn] cfkm\gf ;Dk"0f{ ;+:yfdf n}lËs l:yltsf] ;+lIfKt ;dLIff rn]sf] 5 / g]kfn k|x/L M g]kfnk|x/L leq clxn] cfkm\gf ;Dk"0f{ ;+:yfdf n}lËs l:yltsf] ;+lIfKt ;dLIff rn]sf] 5 / n}lËs pQ/bfloTjnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ pNn]Vo sbdx¿ lnOPsf] 5 . j[xt k|x/L P]g -!(%^_ cGtu{t n}lËs n}lËs pQ/bfloTjnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ pNn]Vo sbdx¿ lnOPsf] 5 . j[xt k|x/L P]g -!(%^_ cGtu{t n}lËs gLltsf] ;dLIffsf] sfd k|s[ofdf /x]sf] 5 . dlxnf tyf cGo l;dfGtLs[t ;d'bfox¿nfO{ g]kfn k|x/Lsf gLltsf] ;dLIffsf] sfd k|s[ofdf /x]sf] 5 . dlxnf tyf cGo l;dfGtLs[t ;d'bfox¿nfO{ g]kfn k|x/Lsf x/]s If]q / ;+/rgfx¿df cf/If0f tyf v'nf k|lt:kwf{4f/f k|ltlglwTjsf] ;'lglZrttf u/fpg xfn} egf{ x/]s If]q / ;+/rgfx¿df cf/If0f tyf v'nf k|lt:kwf{4f/f k|ltlglwTjsf] ;'lglZrttf u/fpg xfn} egf{ gLltdf k'glj{rf/ ug]{ sbd rflnPsf] 5 . g]kfn k|x/L yk ¿kdf @)!) sf] dWob]lv ;+o'Qm/fi6« ljsf; gLltdf k'glj{rf/ ug]{ sbd rflnPsf] 5 . g]kfn k|x/L yk ¿kdf @)!) sf] dWob]lv ;+o'Qm/fi6« ljsf; sfo{qmd -o'Pgl8kL_ ;Fu ldn]/ n}lËs ;DaGwL d'2fdf ;+jf]wg ug{ cfkm\gf sd{rf/Lsf] Ifdtf a9fpg] sfo{qmd -o'Pgl8kL_ ;Fu ldn]/ n}lËs ;DaGwL d'2fdf ;+jf]wg ug{ cfkm\gf sd{rf/Lsf] Ifdtf a9fpg] of]hgf lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . h;df of}ghGo Pjd\ n}lËs lx+;fdf tflndsf dWodaf6 ;dfj]z u/fOPsf] tyf of]hgf lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 . h;df of}ghGo Pjd\ n}lËs lx+;fdf tflndsf dWodaf6 ;dfj]z u/fOPsf] tyf k|lzIf0f leqsf n}lËs kIfnfO{ ;'b[9 kfg]{ /x]sf] 5 . g]kfn k|x/Ln] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|x¿ k|lzIf0f leqsf n}lËs kIfnfO{ ;'b[9 kfg]{ /x]sf] 5 . g]kfn k|x/Ln] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|x¿ ;Dk"0f{ lhNnfdf lj:tf/ ug]{ of]hgf klg agfPsf] 5 . t/ of] sfd yk >f]tsf] k|flKtdf lge{/ 5 .;Dk"0f{ lhNnfdf lj:tf/ ug]{ of]hgf klg agfPsf] 5 . t/ of] sfd yk >f]tsf] k|flKtdf lge{/ 5 .

;z:q k|x/L M xfn} ;z:q k|x/Ln] klg g]kfn k|x/Ln] lnPsf ;dfg k|s[ofx¿af6 kf7 l;Sb}, cfkm\gf n}lËs ;z:q k|x/L M xfn} ;z:q k|x/Ln] klg g]kfn k|x/Ln] lnPsf ;dfg k|s[ofx¿af6 kf7 l;Sb}, cfkm\gf n}lËs tyf egf{ gLltx¿sf] ;dLIff ul//x]sf] 5 . n}lËs pQ/bfloTj jf]wnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ tyf d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug]{ tyf egf{ gLltx¿sf] ;dLIff ul//x]sf] 5 . n}lËs pQ/bfloTj jf]wnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ tyf d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL 5nkmnx¿ rln/x]sf] 5 . oBkL clxn];Dd ;fdfGo dfq} k|ult ePsf] 5 .;DaGwL 5nkmnx¿ rln/x]sf] 5 . oBkL clxn];Dd ;fdfGo dfq} k|ult ePsf] 5 .

g]kfnL ;]gf M g]kfnL ;]gfn] dlxnf tyf l;dfGtLs[t ;d'bfonfO{ cf/If0f -$% k|ltzt, h;df @) k|ltzt g]kfnL ;]gf M g]kfnL ;]gfn] dlxnf tyf l;dfGtLs[t ;d'bfonfO{ cf/If0f -$% k|ltzt, h;df @) k|ltzt dlxnf_ / v'nf k|lt:kwf{ -%% k|ltzt_ sf cfwf/df ;xeflutf lglDt k|f]T;flxt u/fpg egf{ gLltdf ;dLIff dlxnf_ / v'nf k|lt:kwf{ -%% k|ltzt_ sf cfwf/df ;xeflutf lglDt k|f]T;flxt u/fpg egf{ gLltdf ;dLIff tyf ;+zf]wg u/]sf] 5 . s]xL aif{ leq g]kfnL ;]gfdf dlxnfsf] k|ltztdf a[l4ug{ /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] tyf ;+zf]wg u/]sf] 5 . s]xL aif{ leq g]kfnL ;]gfdf dlxnfsf] k|ltztdf a[l4ug{ /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . cem ljz]if u/L ;}Go e"ldsfdf g]kfnL ;]gfleq of}ghGo tyf n}lËs lx+;f ;DaGwL ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . cem ljz]if u/L ;}Go e"ldsfdf g]kfnL ;]gfleq of}ghGo tyf n}lËs lx+;f ;DaGwL 36gfnfO{ ;+jf]wg ug{ g]kfn el/df sDtLdf @) j6f 5'6\6} dlxnf OsfOsf] :yfkgf ul/g'kg]{ 5nkmn 36gfnfO{ ;+jf]wg ug{ g]kfn el/df sDtLdf @) j6f 5'6\6} dlxnf OsfOsf] :yfkgf ul/g'kg]{ 5nkmn rln/x]sf] 5 t/ klg o;nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ yk >f]tsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f tyf rln/x]sf] 5 t/ klg o;nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ yk >f]tsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f tyf PrcfOle÷P8\;sf d'2fnfO{ tflndsf dfWodn] ;+jf]wg ug{ g]kfnL ;]gf leqsf zflGt ;]gf tyf tflnd PrcfOle÷P8\;sf d'2fnfO{ tflndsf dfWodn] ;+jf]wg ug{ g]kfnL ;]gf leqsf zflGt ;]gf tyf tflnd ljefusf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] Ifdtfsf] ljsf;sf nflu /Iff dGqfno / o'lg;]kmsf aLr ;Demf}tf kqdf x:tfIf/ ljefusf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] Ifdtfsf] ljsf;sf nflu /Iff dGqfno / o'lg;]kmsf aLr ;Demf}tf kqdf x:tfIf/ ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL ;]gfleq n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f /f]Sg @)!) df ;]gfx¿sf nflu cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL ;]gfleq n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f /f]Sg @)!) df ;]gfx¿sf nflu cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnL ;]gfdf /x]sf dlxnfnfO{ cfkm\gf] Ifdtf ;'b[9Ls/0fsf lglDt ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnL ;]gfdf /x]sf dlxnfnfO{ cfkm\gf] Ifdtf ;'b[9Ls/0fsf lglDt ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] zflGt ;]gfdf ;xefuL x'g k|f]T;flxt ul/Psf] 5 .zflGt ;]gfdf ;xefuL x'g k|f]T;flxt ul/Psf] 5 .

$= n}lËs bfloTjjf]wnfO{ yk ;'b[9Ls/0f nflu ;'emfj$= n}lËs bfloTjjf]wnfO{ yk ;'b[9Ls/0f nflu ;'emfj

$=+! g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ M$=+! g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ M

lgDglnlvt ;'emfjx¿ Vff;u/L u[xdGqfno, /Iff dGqfno, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno lgDglnlvt ;'emfjx¿ Vff;u/L u[xdGqfno, /Iff dGqfno, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno / sfg'g tyf Gofo dGqfnosf lglDt x'g\ M/ sfg'g tyf Gofo dGqfnosf lglDt x'g\ M

Gofo tyf ;'/Iff If]qsf ;jfnx¿df dlxnfx¿sf] gLlt lgdf{0f txdf ;xeflutf j[l4 M Gofo tyf ;'/Iff Gofo tyf ;'/Iff If]qsf ;jfnx¿df dlxnfx¿sf] gLlt lgdf{0f txdf ;xeflutf j[l4 M Gofo tyf ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/sf d'2fdf cfjZos ;"rgf k|bfg ug{ gful/s ;dfhsf ;"lrt If]qx¿ h:t} dlxnf ;+hfnx¿ If]q ;'wf/sf d'2fdf cfjZos ;"rgf k|bfg ug{ gful/s ;dfhsf ;"lrt If]qx¿ h:t} dlxnf ;+hfnx¿ / dlxnf clwsf/sf ;+:yfx¿;Fu k'Ug] tyf gLlt agfpg] k|s[ofdf oL If]qx¿nfO{ k/fdz{ lbgsf lglDt / dlxnf clwsf/sf ;+:yfx¿;Fu k'Ug] tyf gLlt agfpg] k|s[ofdf oL If]qx¿nfO{ k/fdz{ lbgsf lglDt ;xefuL agfpg] s'/fnfO{ ;dfj]z ub{5 . o;nfO{ ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o lng] :yfg;Dd tflnd4f/f dlxnfsf] ;xefuL agfpg] s'/fnfO{ ;dfj]z ub{5 . o;nfO{ ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o lng] :yfg;Dd tflnd4f/f dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTjsf nflu Ifdtf a[l4 u/fP/ tyf pkNnf] kbdf dlxnf /fVg'sf] dxTjsf af/] k'¿if sd{rf/LnfO{ k|ltlglwTjsf nflu Ifdtf a[l4 u/fP/ tyf pkNnf] kbdf dlxnf /fVg'sf] dxTjsf af/] k'¿if sd{rf/LnfO{ tflnd tyf ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdsf] k|fjwfgsf dfWodaf6 dlxnfnfO{ lg0f{o lng] e"ldsfdf cy{ k"0f{¿kdf tflnd tyf ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdsf] k|fjwfgsf dfWodaf6 dlxnfnfO{ lg0f{o lng] e"ldsfdf cy{ k"0f{¿kdf ;xefuL u/fpg] jftfj/0fsf] >[hgf u/]/ klg ug{ ;lsG5 .;xefuL u/fpg] jftfj/0fsf] >[hgf u/]/ klg ug{ ;lsG5 .

;'/Iff ;]jf Kf|bfosx¿sf lglDt jh]6 Joj:yfdf ;/sf/sf] k|fyldstf tyf k|lta4tf k|ltlalDat ePsf] ;'/Iff ;]jf Kf|bfosx¿sf lglDt jh]6 Joj:yfdf ;/sf/sf] k|fyldstf tyf k|lta4tf k|ltlalDat ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug'{ M ;'/Iff k|fjwfgdf n}lËs ljifonfO{ d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug]{ / n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f tyf ;'lglZrt ug'{ M ;'/Iff k|fjwfgdf n}lËs ljifonfO{ d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug]{ / n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f tyf



dlxnf lj¿4 x'g] lx+;f -leP8An'_ df sdL Nofpg] tyf a9\b} u/]sf oL ck/fwx¿sf] ;Djf]wgnfO{ ;'[b[9 ug{ dlxnf lj¿4 x'g] lx+;f -leP8An'_ df sdL Nofpg] tyf a9\b} u/]sf oL ck/fwx¿sf] ;Djf]wgnfO{ ;'[b[9 ug{ /fhgLlts bnn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|lta4tfsf] cfJxfg u/]sf 5g\ . u[x tyf /Iff dGqfnon] ;'/Iffbftfsf /fhgLlts bnn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|lta4tfsf] cfJxfg u/]sf 5g\ . u[x tyf /Iff dGqfnon] ;'/Iffbftfsf lglDt ah]6 ljlgof]hg ubf{ dlxnfsf ;'/Iff cfjZostfnfO{ ;'/Iffbftfn] ;Djf]wg ug]{ ljlwdf ;'wf/sf] lglDt ah]6 ljlgof]hg ubf{ dlxnfsf ;'/Iff cfjZostfnfO{ ;'/Iffbftfn] ;Djf]wg ug]{ ljlwdf ;'wf/sf] lglDt of]ubfg ug{ cfjZos lqmofsnfk, k"jf{wf/ tyf hgzlQmsf nflu rflxg] sf]if ;'/lIft ul/Psf] lglDt of]ubfg ug{ cfjZos lqmofsnfk, k"jf{wf/ tyf hgzlQmsf nflu rflxg] sf]if ;'/lIft ul/Psf] ;'lglZrt ug'{ kb{5 .;'lglZrt ug'{ kb{5 .

$=@ g]kfn k|x/Lsf nflu M$=@ g]kfn k|x/Lsf nflu M

;du| dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] ;+Vofdf tyf dflyNnf] kbdf dlxnf sd{rf/L] a[l4 ug]{ M o;aF‘bfn] cfd dflg;;Fu ;du| dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] ;+Vofdf tyf dflyNnf] kbdf dlxnf sd{rf/L] a[l4 ug]{ M o;aF‘bfn] cfd dflg;;Fu uO{ pgLx¿df /x]sf] g]kfn k|x/L leqsf dlxnfk|ltsf] wf/0ffnfO{ abNg] s'/f ;dfj]z ub{5 . o;nfO{ ;'/Iff uO{ pgLx¿df /x]sf] g]kfn k|x/L leqsf dlxnfk|ltsf] wf/0ffnfO{ abNg] s'/f ;dfj]z ub{5 . o;nfO{ ;'/Iff k|fjwfgdf, cem ljz]if u/L n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f / dlxnf ;+nUg /x]sf] d'2f ;+jf]wg ubf{, dlxnfn] k|fjwfgdf, cem ljz]if u/L n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f / dlxnf ;+nUg /x]sf] d'2f ;+jf]wg ubf{, dlxnfn] v]Ng] cfjZos e"ldsf tyf dxTjnfO{ ;fd'bflos hfu/0fsf dfWodn] j[l4 u/fpg ;lsG5 . o;sfo{n] v]Ng] cfjZos e"ldsf tyf dxTjnfO{ ;fd'bflos hfu/0fsf dfWodn] j[l4 u/fpg ;lsG5 . o;sfo{n] g]kfn k|x/L leq dlxnfnfO{ egf{df k|f]T;fg ug{ ljleGg ljBfno tyf ljZjljBfnodf lzlIft dlxnfnfO{ g]kfn k|x/L leq dlxnfnfO{ egf{df k|f]T;fg ug{ ljleGg ljBfno tyf ljZjljBfnodf lzlIft dlxnfnfO{ klg ;dfj]z ub{5 . pQm sfo{ g]kfn k|x/Lsf] pRr kbdf /xg] dlxnfn] g]kfn k|x/Ls} cËsf] ¿kdf klg ;dfj]z ub{5 . pQm sfo{ g]kfn k|x/Lsf] pRr kbdf /xg] dlxnfn] g]kfn k|x/Ls} cËsf] ¿kdf cfkm\gf /fd|f cg'ejx¿ afF8\g ;Sg]5g\ .cfkm\gf /fd|f cg'ejx¿ afF8\g ;Sg]5g\ .

dlxnf ;+nUg d'2fx¿, d'Votof n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f k|x/Lsf] hjfkmb]lxtfnfO{ ;'b[9 ug'{ M o;aFbfn] dlxnf ;+nUg d'2fx¿, d'Votof n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f k|x/Lsf] hjfkmb]lxtfnfO{ ;'b[9 ug'{ M o;aFbfn] n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f tyf dlxnf ;+nUg cGo d'2f ;+jf]wg ug{ ;a} ;+:yfx¿df n}lËs ;dfof]hgsf n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f tyf dlxnf ;+nUg cGo d'2f ;+jf]wg ug{ ;a} ;+:yfx¿df n}lËs ;dfof]hgsf lglDt ;Dk"0f{ ljefusf ;a} kbnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] tflnd ;dfj]z ub{5 . o;n] n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;fnfO{ lglDt ;Dk"0f{ ljefusf ;a} kbnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] tflnd ;dfj]z ub{5 . o;n] n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;fnfO{ ;zQm / a9L ;xeflutfdf ;Daf]wg ;'lglZrttfsf nflu :yfgLo gful/s ;dfhx¿ / cGo ;/sf/L ;zQm / a9L ;xeflutfdf ;Daf]wg ;'lglZrttfsf nflu :yfgLo gful/s ;dfhx¿ / cGo ;/sf/L lgsfox¿ -h:t} 8An'l8cf]_ ;Fu ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 . g]kfn k|x/L ;du| ;+:yfut /0fgLlts lgsfox¿ -h:t} 8An'l8cf]_ ;Fu ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 . g]kfn k|x/L ;du| ;+:yfut /0fgLlts of]hgf k|s[ofdf n}lËs pQ/bfloTjsf] ;'b[9Ls/0fdf ;+jf]lwt ePsf k|ultsf] dfkg ug]{ ;"rs tyf k|x/Ln] of]hgf k|s[ofdf n}lËs pQ/bfloTjsf] ;'b[9Ls/0fdf ;+jf]lwt ePsf k|ultsf] dfkg ug]{ ;"rs tyf k|x/Ln] xfn lgdf{0f u/]sf lg/LIf0f / d"NofÍg ¿k/]vfsf] ljsf; ug'{ kb{5 .xfn lgdf{0f u/]sf lg/LIf0f / d"NofÍg ¿k/]vfsf] ljsf; ug'{ kb{5 .

of}ghGo Pjd\ n}lËs lx+;f tyf dlxnf ;+nUg cGo k|sf/sf d'2fx¿nfO{ ;+jf]wgsf nflu dlxnf tyf of}ghGo Pjd\ n}lËs lx+;f tyf dlxnf ;+nUg cGo k|sf/sf d'2fx¿nfO{ ;+jf]wgsf nflu dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|x¿sf] :yfkgf tyf ;'b[l9s/0f M dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|x¿ ;Dk"0f{ afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|x¿sf] :yfkgf tyf ;'b[l9s/0f M dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|x¿ ;Dk"0f{ lhNnfdf :yflkt x'g' kb{5 . o; leq pgLx¿n] kLl8tsf] klxrfg uf]Ko /fVg' kb{5 / alx/ cfPsf lhNnfdf :yflkt x'g' kb{5 . o; leq pgLx¿n] kLl8tsf] klxrfg uf]Ko /fVg' kb{5 / alx/ cfPsf of}ghGo, zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s oftgf, anfTsf/ tyf cGo b'Jo{jxf/nfO{ sf/jfxL k|s[ofdf Nofpg' kb{5 . of}ghGo, zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s oftgf, anfTsf/ tyf cGo b'Jo{jxf/nfO{ sf/jfxL k|s[ofdf Nofpg' kb{5 . ph'/ ul/P adf]lhd o; s]Gb|af6 pkrf/ ;]jfx¿, dfgl;s k/fdz{ ;]jf tyf sfg'gL ;]jfx¿ pknAw x'g] ph'/ ul/P adf]lhd o; s]Gb|af6 pkrf/ ;]jfx¿, dfgl;s k/fdz{ ;]jf tyf sfg'gL ;]jfx¿ pknAw x'g] k|fjwfg x'g' kb{5 . u|fdL0f If]qdf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf;Fu kx'Fr k'¥ofpg oL ;+/rgfx¿nfO{ uf=lj=;= k|fjwfg x'g' kb{5 . u|fdL0f If]qdf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf;Fu kx'Fr k'¥ofpg oL ;+/rgfx¿nfO{ uf=lj=;= tx;Dd ljs]lGb|t ul/g' kb{5 / of}ghGo Pjd\ n}lËs lx+;fsf kLl8tsf nflu cGo gful/s ;dfhn] k|bfg tx;Dd ljs]lGb|t ul/g' kb{5 / of}ghGo Pjd\ n}lËs lx+;fsf kLl8tsf nflu cGo gful/s ;dfhn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfx¿sf] kx'Frsf nflu plrt l;kmfl/; ;+/rgfsf] :yfkgf ul/g' kb{5 . c;O{ jf ;f]eGbf dflysf ug]{ ;]jfx¿sf] kx'Frsf nflu plrt l;kmfl/; ;+/rgfsf] :yfkgf ul/g' kb{5 . c;O{ jf ;f]eGbf dflysf dlxnf k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] 8An'lkl;sf] g]t[Tj ug'{ kb{5 . u[x dGqfno / cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] o; k|:tfjsf dlxnf k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] 8An'lkl;sf] g]t[Tj ug'{ kb{5 . u[x dGqfno / cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] o; k|:tfjsf nflu yk sf]if pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 .nflu yk sf]if pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 .

$=# ;z:q k|x/Lsf nflu M$=# ;z:q k|x/Lsf nflu M

g]kfn k|x/LnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] ;'emfj ;z:q k|x/Lsf lglDt klg a9L dfqfdf nfu' xG5 . yk gofF ;+u7gsf g]kfn k|x/LnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] ;'emfj ;z:q k|x/Lsf lglDt klg a9L dfqfdf nfu' xG5 . yk gofF ;+u7gsf ¿kdf ;z:q k|x/Ln] n}lËs ;jfnnfO{ d"nk|jfxLs/0fdf Nofpg j[xt tyf gofF ;+/rgfx¿ cfkm\gf ¿kdf ;z:q k|x/Ln] n}lËs ;jfnnfO{ d"nk|jfxLs/0fdf Nofpg j[xt tyf gofF ;+/rgfx¿ cfkm\gf ;+:yfgsf ;Dk"0f{ If]qx¿df :yflkt u/fpg] cj;/ /x]sf] 5 .;+:yfgsf ;Dk"0f{ If]qx¿df :yflkt u/fpg] cj;/ /x]sf] 5 .

a[xt\ n}lËs gLltsf] ljsf; tyf sfo{Gjog, h;n] oL s'/f ;dfj]z u5{g\ Ma[xt\ n}lËs gLltsf] ljsf; tyf sfo{Gjog, h;n] oL s'/f ;dfj]z u5{g\ M

;Dk"0f{ kbdf tflnd tyf a9'jfsf ;dfg cj;/x¿ xfn egf{ gLltdf rn]sf] k'glj{rf/df dlxnfnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ kbdf tflnd tyf a9'jfsf ;dfg cj;/x¿ xfn egf{ gLltdf rn]sf] k'glj{rf/df dlxnfnfO{ •cf/If0fsf cfwf/df ;Dk"0f{ txdf Ps ltxfOsf] k|fjwfg /fVg] .cf/If0fsf cfwf/df ;Dk"0f{ txdf Ps ltxfOsf] k|fjwfg /fVg] .

pkrf/ / labfsf] Aoa:yf, kof{Kt dft[Tj / lkt[Tj ;]jf / uef{a:yfdf tyf uef{j:yfkl5 klg plrt pkrf/ / labfsf] Aoa:yf, kof{Kt dft[Tj / lkt[Tj ;]jf / uef{a:yfdf tyf uef{j:yfkl5 klg plrt •st{Ao ;'rf¿ ug{ kfpg] ;'lglZrttf cflbsf] cfwf/df k|hgg :jf:Yosf d'2fx¿sf] ;Djf]wgsf st{Ao ;'rf¿ ug{ kfpg] ;'lglZrttf cflbsf] cfwf/df k|hgg :jf:Yosf d'2fx¿sf] ;Djf]wgsf :jLs[t k|s[ofx¿ .:jLs[t k|s[ofx¿ .

n}lËs ;dfgtf / u}/ lje]bLs/0fsf l;4fGtnfO{ dfGotf lbg] cfrf/;+lxtf, e]befj, 8/–qf; / dlxnf n}lËs ;dfgtf / u}/ lje]bLs/0fsf l;4fGtnfO{ dfGotf lbg] cfrf/;+lxtf, e]befj, 8/–qf; / dlxnf •la¿4sf lx+;fnfO{ lgif]w ug]{ cg'zf;g ;+lxtf / oL cg'zf;g ;+lxtfsf] kfngfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ la¿4sf lx+;fnfO{ lgif]w ug]{ cg'zf;g ;+lxtf / oL cg'zf;g ;+lxtfsf] kfngfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ Aoa:yf .Aoa:yf .

3232

;+:yfut / kl/rfng:t/df n}lËs hjfkmb]lxtf dhj't agfpg k|To]s ljefu / >]0fLdf /x]sf ;+:yfut / kl/rfng:t/df n}lËs hjfkmb]lxtf dhj't agfpg k|To]s ljefu / >]0fLdf /x]sf kbflwsf/LnfO{ k|lzIf0f k|bfg M laz]ift k|lzIf0fn] lgDg If]qdf Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'G5, of}ghGo tyf n}lËs lx+;f kbflwsf/LnfO{ k|lzIf0f k|bfg M laz]ift k|lzIf0fn] lgDg If]qdf Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'G5, of}ghGo tyf n}lËs lx+;f af/] hfu/0f / AolQm, kl/jf/ / ;d'bfodf o;sf] k|efj, k|efjsf/L ;'/Iff Joa:yfsf] ;dy{gdf dlxnfsf] af/] hfu/0f / AolQm, kl/jf/ / ;d'bfodf o;sf] k|efj, k|efjsf/L ;'/Iff Joa:yfsf] ;dy{gdf dlxnfsf] e"ldsf, ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;'/Iff kl/ifb ;+sNk k|:tfjx¿ !#@%, !*@), !***, !**(, !#@%, !*@), / e"ldsf, ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;'/Iff kl/ifb ;+sNk k|:tfjx¿ !#@%, !*@), !***, !**(, !#@%, !*@), / n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;f dflysf] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfdf lgoldt ¿kdf yk k|lzIf0f nfu' ug]{ / k|lzIf0faf6 n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t lx+;f dflysf] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfdf lgoldt ¿kdf yk k|lzIf0f nfu' ug]{ / k|lzIf0faf6 cfh{g ul/Psf] 1fgnfO{ Aojxf/df ptfg]{ k|of; ul/g' kb{5 . o; p2]Zosf] nflu ;z:q k|x/Lan / cfh{g ul/Psf] 1fgnfO{ Aojxf/df ptfg]{ k|of; ul/g' kb{5 . o; p2]Zosf] nflu ;z:q k|x/Lan / cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] yk ;xof]u k|bfg ug'{ kb{5 .cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] yk ;xof]u k|bfg ug'{ kb{5 .

$=$ g]kfnL ;]gfsf nflu M$=$ g]kfnL ;]gfsf nflu M

lgDg s'/fx¿ ;d]6]sf] Ps la:t[t n}lËs gLltsf] lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog MlgDg s'/fx¿ ;d]6]sf] Ps la:t[t n}lËs gLltsf] lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog M

;a} kbx¿df n8fs'x¿sf] e"ldsfnfO{ ;dfa]z u/L k|lzIf0f / kbf]Ggltsf] ;dfg cj;/ k|bfg ug]{ . ;a} kbx¿df n8fs'x¿sf] e"ldsfnfO{ ;dfa]z u/L k|lzIf0f / kbf]Ggltsf] ;dfg cj;/ k|bfg ug]{ . •lrlsT;f pkrf/ / labfsf] Aoj:yf, kof{Kt dft[Tj / lkt[Tj ;]jf / uef{j:yfdf / uef{a:yfkl5 lrlsT;f pkrf/ / labfsf] Aoj:yf, kof{Kt dft[Tj / lkt[Tj ;]jf / uef{j:yfdf / uef{a:yfkl5 plrt st{Ao ;'rf¿ ug{ kfpg] ;'lglZrttf h:tf cfwf/df k|hgg :jf:ysf d'2fx¿ ;Djf]wgsf plrt st{Ao ;'rf¿ ug{ kfpg] ;'lglZrttf h:tf cfwf/df k|hgg :jf:ysf d'2fx¿ ;Djf]wgsf l:js[t k|s[ofx¿ . lajflxt dlxnfn] g]kfnL ;]gfdf egf{ x'g gkfpg] gLlt vf/]h x'g' kg]{ .l:js[t k|s[ofx¿ . lajflxt dlxnfn] g]kfnL ;]gfdf egf{ x'g gkfpg] gLlt vf/]h x'g' kg]{ .

n}lËs ;dfgtf u}/ lje]bLs/0fsf l;4FGtnfO{ dfGotf lbg] cfrf/;+lxtfM e]befj, 8/÷qf; / dlxnf n}lËs ;dfgtf u}/ lje]bLs/0fsf l;4FGtnfO{ dfGotf lbg] cfrf/;+lxtfM e]befj, 8/÷qf; / dlxnf •la¿4sf] lx+;fnfO{ lgif]w ug]{ cg'zf;g ;+lxtf / oL cg'zf;g ;+lxtfsf kIfx¿sf] cg'kfngf la¿4sf] lx+;fnfO{ lgif]w ug]{ cg'zf;g ;+lxtf / oL cg'zf;g ;+lxtfsf kIfx¿sf] cg'kfngf ;'lglZrt ug]{ Aoj:yf .;'lglZrt ug]{ Aoj:yf .

n}lËs hjfkmb]lxtf ;DjlGwt tflndsf] kx'Fr / s]Gb|ljGb'df ;'b[9Ls/0fM of}ghGo tyf n}lËs lx+;f / n}lËs hjfkmb]lxtf ;DjlGwt tflndsf] kx'Fr / s]Gb|ljGb'df ;'b[9Ls/0fM of}ghGo tyf n}lËs lx+;f / Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8\; /f]Sg / cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/sf dfkb08 / ;+sNk -;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb Pr=cfO{=eL=÷P8\; /f]Sg / cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/sf dfkb08 / ;+sNk -;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% / !*@) ;d]t_ af/] hfu/0f km}nfpg zflGt :yfkgf tyf k|lzIf0f ljefudf o'lg;]ksf] lg0f{o !#@% / !*@) ;d]t_ af/] hfu/0f km}nfpg zflGt :yfkgf tyf k|lzIf0f ljefudf o'lg;]ksf] ;xeflutfdf ;+rfng eO/x]sf] k|lzIf0f Ps ;sf/fTds sbd xf] . o:tf k|lzIf0fx¿ cGo ljefu / ;xeflutfdf ;+rfng eO/x]sf] k|lzIf0f Ps ;sf/fTds sbd xf] . o:tf k|lzIf0fx¿ cGo ljefu / >]0fLx¿df klg lj:tf/ ug'{kb{5 . o;sf] cltl/Qm k'/} ;+:yfel/ n}lËs hjfkmb]lxtfnfO{ d"nk|jfxLs/0f ul/>]0fLx¿df klg lj:tf/ ug'{kb{5 . o;sf] cltl/Qm k'/} ;+:yfel/ n}lËs hjfkmb]lxtfnfO{ d"nk|jfxLs/0f ul/g'kb{5 h'g of}ghGo tyf n}lËs lx+;feGbf Aofks 5 . lgwf{l/t k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdx¿sf] nflu /Iff dGqfno g'kb{5 h'g of}ghGo tyf n}lËs lx+;feGbf Aofks 5 . lgwf{l/t k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdx¿sf] nflu /Iff dGqfno / cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] /sdsf] Aoa:yf ug'{kb{5 ./ cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] /sdsf] Aoa:yf ug'{kb{5 .

dlxnfx¿sf] ;]gfdf etL{ ;'b[9 ug{, dfgjclwsf/k|lt ;Ddfg ug{ / pgLx¿sf] of}ghGo tyf n}lËs dlxnfx¿sf] ;]gfdf etL{ ;'b[9 ug{, dfgjclwsf/k|lt ;Ddfg ug{ / pgLx¿sf] of}ghGo tyf n}lËs lx+;fk|ltsf] hf]lvd sd ug{, pgLx¿nfO{ 5'6\6} ;]jf k|bfg ug'{ kb{5 h:t} M Aof/]sdf zf}rfno, ;'Tg], lx+;fk|ltsf] hf]lvd sd ug{, pgLx¿nfO{ 5'6\6} ;]jf k|bfg ug'{ kb{5 h:t} M Aof/]sdf zf}rfno, ;'Tg], g'xfpg] / k|sfzsf] Aoa:yf / o;sf nflu ;+/rgfut / ;}Go ;fd|uLx¿ ;DaGwL k|fjwfgx¿sf] lgdf{0f . g'xfpg] / k|sfzsf] Aoa:yf / o;sf nflu ;+/rgfut / ;}Go ;fd|uLx¿ ;DaGwL k|fjwfgx¿sf] lgdf{0f . o:tf sfo{sf] nflu ;/sf/ -ljz]ift /Iff dGqfno_ / cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] sf]ifsf] Aoa:yf ug'{kb{5 .o:tf sfo{sf] nflu ;/sf/ -ljz]ift /Iff dGqfno_ / cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfon] sf]ifsf] Aoa:yf ug'{kb{5 .



;fdu|L !#;fdu|L !#uf]/vfdf sfo{/t g]kfn k|x/Lsf gfoj pk/LIfs;Fusf] cGt/jftf{{uf]/vfdf sfo{/t g]kfn k|x/Lsf gfoj pk/LIfs;Fusf] cGt/jftf{{

uf]/vfdf sfo{/t g]kfn k|x/Lsf gfoj pk/LIfs uLtf pk|]tL hf] of] kb u|x0f ug{ ;kmn x'g'x'G5, g]kfnsf] uf]/vfdf sfo{/t g]kfn k|x/Lsf gfoj pk/LIfs uLtf pk|]tL hf] of] kb u|x0f ug{ ;kmn x'g'x'G5, g]kfnsf] krxQ/ lhNnfd} dlxnfdf pxfF PSnf] lhNnf k|x/L k|d'v x'g'x'G5 . pxfF;Fu} lds]n 8gxfdn] ;g\ @))* df krxQ/ lhNnfd} dlxnfdf pxfF PSnf] lhNnf k|x/L k|d'v x'g'x'G5 . pxfF;Fu} lds]n 8gxfdn] ;g\ @))* df lnPsf] cGt/jftf{{sf c+zx¿ MlnPsf] cGt/jftf{{sf c+zx¿ M####

lds]n M k|x/Ldf slxn] k|j]z ug'{eof] <lds]n M k|x/Ldf slxn] k|j]z ug'{eof] <

uLtf M sn]h kZrft , To; avt k|x/L andf s]xL y]/} dfq dlxnf lyP . pgLx¿nfO{ tkfOn] Ps xftsf uLtf M sn]h kZrft , To; avt k|x/L andf s]xL y]/} dfq dlxnf lyP . pgLx¿nfO{ tkfOn] Ps xftsf cf}nfdf uGg ;Sg'x'GYof] . d]/f] sfo{sfnsf] ;'¿jft ToxfFaf6 eof] . dflg;x¿n] k|x/L kf]zs nfuPsf] b]Vbf cf}nfdf uGg ;Sg'x'GYof] . d]/f] sfo{sfnsf] ;'¿jft ToxfFaf6 eof] . dflg;x¿n] k|x/L kf]zs nfuPsf] b]Vbf cgf}7f] dfGby] . xfdL af6f]df lxF8\bf, s]6fx¿ xfdLnfO{ x]y]{ .cgf}7f] dfGby] . xfdL af6f]df lxF8\bf, s]6fx¿ xfdLnfO{ x]y]{ .

ldsn M tkfO{n] 6fph/ nufpgsf] sf/0f s] xf] <ldsn M tkfO{n] 6fph/ nufpgsf] sf/0f s] xf] <

uLtfM Tof] kf]zfs d}n] clxn] nufO/fv]sf] klx/g h:t} lyof] . To;nfO{ :jLsf/ ul/Pg . dflg;x¿nfO{ s] uLtfM Tof] kf]zfs d}n] clxn] nufO/fv]sf] klx/g h:t} lyof] . To;nfO{ :jLsf/ ul/Pg . dflg;x¿nfO{ s] xfdL u'0fTds ;]jf pknAw u/fpg ;S5f}+ t h:tf] nflu/x]sf] lyof] . pgLx¿n] dlxnfsf] Ifdtf dfly z+sf xfdL u'0fTds ;]jf pknAw u/fpg ;S5f}+ t h:tf] nflu/x]sf] lyof] . pgLx¿n] dlxnfsf] Ifdtf dfly z+sf u/] .u/] .

lds]n M k|x/L zlQmleq tkfO{k|lt dfG5]x¿sf] Jojxf/ s:tf] 5 <lds]n M k|x/L zlQmleq tkfO{k|lt dfG5]x¿sf] Jojxf/ s:tf] 5 <

uLtf M dlxnfnfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbPsf]df k|x/L ansf] xfd|f] ;Ifdtf dfly ljZjf; u/]gg\ . pgLx¿n] ;dfhdf uLtf M dlxnfnfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbPsf]df k|x/L ansf] xfd|f] ;Ifdtf dfly ljZjf; u/]gg\ . pgLx¿n] ;dfhdf b]vfpgsf nflu dfq xfdLnfO{ k|x/L anleq k|j]z u/fP t/ oyfy{¿kdf k|x/L ann] xfdLnfO{ xfdL ;Ifd b]vfpgsf nflu dfq xfdLnfO{ k|x/L anleq k|j]z u/fP t/ oyfy{¿kdf k|x/L ann] xfdLnfO{ xfdL ;Ifd 5f}+ egL k'li6 ug{ ;Sg] lhDd]j/L lbPg .5f}+ egL k'li6 ug{ ;Sg] lhDd]j/L lbPg .

lds]n M pgLx¿ tkfO{sf ;DaGwdf Pp6f cj;/ lng÷lbg rfxFb}g lyP <lds]n M pgLx¿ tkfO{sf ;DaGwdf Pp6f cj;/ lng÷lbg rfxFb}g lyP <

uLtf M Tof] s'/f ;xL of] . nfdf] ;do kZrft dnfO{ uf]/vfsf] lhNnf k|x/L k|d'v aGg] cj;/ ldNof] . uLtf M Tof] s'/f ;xL of] . nfdf] ;do kZrft dnfO{ uf]/vfsf] lhNnf k|x/L k|d'v aGg] cj;/ ldNof] . Tof] cj;/ dnfO{ pgLx¿n] klxn] g} lbg'kb{Yof] . d]/f k'¿if ;fyLx¿n] Tof] ca;/ deGbf w]/} klxn] kfP . Tof] cj;/ dnfO{ pgLx¿n] klxn] g} lbg'kb{Yof] . d]/f k'¿if ;fyLx¿n] Tof] ca;/ deGbf w]/} klxn] kfP . g]tfx¿ cem} klg dlxnfx¿nfO{ pRr bhf{sf] lhDd]j/L / cj;/ lbg nhfpF5g\ .g]tfx¿ cem} klg dlxnfx¿nfO{ pRr bhf{sf] lhDd]j/L / cj;/ lbg nhfpF5g\ .

lds]n M lhNnf k|d'vx¿ slt hgf 5g\ <lds]n M lhNnf k|d'vx¿ slt hgf 5g\ <

uLtf M &% lhNnfel/ d PSn} 5' .uLtf M &% lhNnfel/ d PSn} 5' .

lds]n M o\'jf dlxnfx¿ k|x/L andf k|j]z u/]kl5 s]xL ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5 <lds]n M o\'jf dlxnfx¿ k|x/L andf k|j]z u/]kl5 s]xL ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5 <

uLtf M ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5 . sof}+ dlxnfx¿ k|x/Ldf etL{ eO/x]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] dlxnfnfO{ lg0f{o ug]{ :t/df uLtf M ;'wf/ cfPsf] 5 . sof}+ dlxnfx¿ k|x/Ldf etL{ eO/x]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] dlxnfnfO{ lg0f{o ug]{ :t/df Nofpg' cfaZos 5 . olb ;/sf/ k|x/Ldf w]/} dlxnfx¿ etL{ ug{ rfxG5 eg], p;n] lnË, ju{, wd{ cflbdf Nofpg' cfaZos 5 . olb ;/sf/ k|x/Ldf w]/} dlxnfx¿ etL{ ug{ rfxG5 eg], p;n] lnË, ju{, wd{ cflbdf cfwfl/t ;dfj]zL Joj:yfsf] ljsf; ug'{ kb{5 . cfzf u/f}+ ls tNnf] :t/ b]lvg} s]xL kl/jt{gx¿ b]lvG5g\ cfwfl/t ;dfj]zL Joj:yfsf] ljsf; ug'{ kb{5 . cfzf u/f}+ ls tNnf] :t/ b]lvg} s]xL kl/jt{gx¿ b]lvG5g\ eg]/ dlxnfx¿nfO{ k|x/L an leq Nofpg, ljlzi6 dfkb08, w]/} ljz]if /Iff / ;dfj]zLs/0f x'g' kb{5 . eg]/ dlxnfx¿nfO{ k|x/L an leq Nofpg, ljlzi6 dfkb08, w]/} ljz]if /Iff / ;dfj]zLs/0f x'g' kb{5 . /fi6«el/ %& xhf/ k|x/L 5g\ eg] To; leq hDdf @ xhf/ dfq dlxnf 5g\ ./fi6«el/ %& xhf/ k|x/L 5g\ eg] To; leq hDdf @ xhf/ dfq dlxnf 5g\ .

#### Dunham M. Women in Nepal Update : Interviw with DS Police Chief Gita Upreti (14 October 2008).Dunham M. Women in Nepal Update : Interviw with DS Police Chief Gita Upreti (14 October 2008).

<http://www.mikeldunham.blogs.com/mikeldunham/2008/10/update-on-nepali-womens-issues-interview-with-ds-<http://www.mikeldunham.blogs.com/mikeldunham/2008/10/update-on-nepali-womens-issues-interview-with-ds-

police-chief-gita-upreti.html>police-chief-gita-upreti.html>

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lds]n M s] pgLx¿ ;a} tNnf] bhf{df sfo{/t 5g\ <lds]n M s] pgLx¿ ;a} tNnf] bhf{df sfo{/t 5g\ <

uLtf M xf] .uLtf M xf] .

lds]n M g]kfndf dlxnf;Fu ;DalGwt csf]{ ;d:of eg]sf] of}g a]rljvfg xf] . s]6Lx¿sf] ckx/0f, g]kfnsf lds]n M g]kfndf dlxnf;Fu ;DalGwt csf]{ ;d:of eg]sf] of}g a]rljvfg xf] . s]6Lx¿sf] ckx/0f, g]kfnsf r]nLx¿ aif]{gL a]lrg] u/]sf] ;+Vof b'Mv nfUbf] 5 .r]nLx¿ aif]{gL a]lrg] u/]sf] ;+Vof b'Mv nfUbf] 5 .

uLtf M xf], sf7df8f}+df k|x/L k|wfg sfof{nodf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|df sfo{/t /xFbf d}n] w]/} uLtf M xf], sf7df8f}+df k|x/L k|wfg sfof{nodf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|df sfo{/t /xFbf d}n] w]/} cg'ejx¿ a'6'n]+ . afx« aif{;Dd dlxnf Pjd\ afnaflnsf ;DaGwL d'2fx¿ x]bf{ To; avt d]/f] sfd eg]sf] cg'ejx¿ a'6'n]+ . afx« aif{;Dd dlxnf Pjd\ afnaflnsf ;DaGwL d'2fx¿ x]bf{ To; avt d]/f] sfd eg]sf] dlxnf k|x/L clws[tx¿nfO{ tflnd k|bfg ug'{ / dlxnf ;DaGwL 36gfx¿ / a]rljvgsf] /f]syfd ug'{ dlxnf k|x/L clws[tx¿nfO{ tflnd k|bfg ug'{ / dlxnf ;DaGwL 36gfx¿ / a]rljvgsf] /f]syfd ug'{ lyof] . dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|n] cg';Gwfgsf] k|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofof] .lyof] . dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|n] cg';Gwfgsf] k|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofof] .

xfdLn] ef/tsf] ;Ldf glhs} ;–;fgf PsfO{x¿sf] :yfkgf u¥of}+ . dlxnfn] ;Ldfkfl/ hfg nfu]sf xfdLn] ef/tsf] ;Ldf glhs} ;–;fgf PsfO{x¿sf] :yfkgf u¥of}+ . dlxnfn] ;Ldfkfl/ hfg nfu]sf s]6Lx¿nfO{ /f]Sby] / pgLx¿nfO{ sxfF hfg nfu]sf] / pgLx¿ sf];Fu cfPsf eg]/ ;f]Wby] . Tof] Pp6f s]6Lx¿nfO{ /f]Sby] / pgLx¿nfO{ sxfF hfg nfu]sf] / pgLx¿ sf];Fu cfPsf eg]/ ;f]Wby] . Tof] Pp6f x:tIf]k lyof] / To;n] bnfnx¿sf] klxrfg ug{ ;xof]u k'Uof] . slxn]sfxLF xfdLn] dfOtL g]kfn h:tf] x:tIf]k lyof] / To;n] bnfnx¿sf] klxrfg ug{ ;xof]u k'Uof] . slxn]sfxLF xfdLn] dfOtL g]kfn h:tf] ;+:yf;Fu xft]dfnf] u/]/ sfd u¥of} .;+:yf;Fu xft]dfnf] u/]/ sfd u¥of} .

;Ldf /x]sf] If]qx¿df sfo{/t k"j{ of}gsdL{x¿ xfdL;Fu x'g'xG5 . h;nfO{ s] eO/x]sf] 5 eGg] hfgsf/L ;Ldf /x]sf] If]qx¿df sfo{/t k"j{ of}gsdL{x¿ xfdL;Fu x'g'xG5 . h;nfO{ s] eO/x]sf] 5 eGg] hfgsf/L x'G5, h;af6 a]rljvfgdf ;+nUg /x]sfx¿sf] klxrfg x'G5 . h;af6} k|x/Ln] ck/fwLnfO{ ;dfpg ;sf];\ . x'G5, h;af6 a]rljvfgdf ;+nUg /x]sfx¿sf] klxrfg x'G5 . h;af6} k|x/Ln] ck/fwLnfO{ ;dfpg ;sf];\ . k|x/L / dlxnf aLrsf] of] ;+oGq a9\bf] 5 / v'Nnf l;dfgfsf sf/0f xfdLnfO{ To:tf ;+oGqsf] clea[l4sf] k|x/L / dlxnf aLrsf] of] ;+oGq a9\bf] 5 / v'Nnf l;dfgfsf sf/0f xfdLnfO{ To:tf ;+oGqsf] clea[l4sf] cfjZostf 5 . xfdLn] ;Dk"0f{ l;dfgfnfO{ aGb ug{ ;Sb}gf} t/ s]xL If]qx¿ eg] lgoGq0fdf 5g\ .cfjZostf 5 . xfdLn] ;Dk"0f{ l;dfgfnfO{ aGb ug{ ;Sb}gf} t/ s]xL If]qx¿ eg] lgoGq0fdf 5g\ .

lds]nM Goflos b[li6sf]0faf6, dfgj a]rlavgdf ;+nUg /x]sfx¿nfO{ bl08t ug{ g]kfndf s]–s:tf lds]nM Goflos b[li6sf]0faf6, dfgj a]rlavgdf ;+nUg /x]sfx¿nfO{ bl08t ug{ g]kfndf s]–s:tf sfg'gx¿ k|rngdf 5g\ <sfg'gx¿ k|rngdf 5g\ <

uLtfM ck/fwsf] k|s[ltsf cfwf/df, dfgj a]elavgdf ;+nUgx¿nfO{ kfFr b]lv klRr; jif{;Dd sf/fuf/df uLtfM ck/fwsf] k|s[ltsf cfwf/df, dfgj a]elavgdf ;+nUgx¿nfO{ kfFr b]lv klRr; jif{;Dd sf/fuf/df /flvG5 . xfn;Dd dfgj a]rljvgdf ;+nUg $@ k|ltzt sf/jfxLdf sf/fuf/df 5g\ . xfd|f] ;'b[9 /flvG5 . xfn;Dd dfgj a]rljvgdf ;+nUg $@ k|ltzt sf/jfxLdf sf/fuf/df 5g\ . xfd|f] ;'b[9 ;Ifdtfsf sf/0f Tof] ;+Vofdf ;'wf/ eO/x]sf] 5 . k'¿if k|x/L;Fu ;]jf ug{ dlxnfx¿ nhfpF5g t/ clxn] ;Ifdtfsf sf/0f Tof] ;+Vofdf ;'wf/ eO/x]sf] 5 . k'¿if k|x/L;Fu ;]jf ug{ dlxnfx¿ nhfpF5g t/ clxn] cfP/ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ;Fu} xfdL;Fu k/fdz{df tflnd k|fKt dlxnf 5g\ . hf] ;r]t cfP/ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ;Fu} xfdL;Fu k/fdz{df tflnd k|fKt dlxnf 5g\ . hf] ;r]t 5g\ / cg';Gwfgsf] k|lqmofx¿sf af/]df klg hfgsf/ 5g\ . To;n] 7"nf] leGgtf NofPsf] 5 . kLl8tn] 5g\ / cg';Gwfgsf] k|lqmofx¿sf af/]df klg hfgsf/ 5g\ . To;n] 7"nf] leGgtf NofPsf] 5 . kLl8tn] dlxnf k|x/Lx¿;Fu af]Ng, c;xh ljj/0fx¿ k|:t't ug{ / ckx/0f / b'Jo{jxf/sf af/]df klg cg'ejx¿ dlxnf k|x/Lx¿;Fu af]Ng, c;xh ljj/0fx¿ k|:t't ug{ / ckx/0f / b'Jo{jxf/sf af/]df klg cg'ejx¿ ;f6f;f6 ug{ ;xh 7fGb5g\ . clxn] cfP/ b'Jo{jxf/df k/]sf dlxnfx¿n] klg ph'/L ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . ;f6f;f6 ug{ ;xh 7fGb5g\ . clxn] cfP/ b'Jo{jxf/df k/]sf dlxnfx¿n] klg ph'/L ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . k'¿if k|x/Lsf] ;fd' s'/f /fVg ufx«f] x'G5 . k'¿ifn] of}gsdL{ dlxnfx¿sf] b'Mv kL8f a'em\b}gg\ / bnfnsf] k'¿if k|x/Lsf] ;fd' s'/f /fVg ufx«f] x'G5 . k'¿ifn] of}gsdL{ dlxnfx¿sf] b'Mv kL8f a'em\b}gg\ / bnfnsf] km]nf kg'{df klg s]6Ls} uNtL b]Vb5g\ .km]nf kg'{df klg s]6Ls} uNtL b]Vb5g\ .

lds]n M g]kfndf 3/]n' b'Jo{jxf/ s:tf] 5 < a}jflxs b'Jo{jxf/ / anfTsf/nfO{ ;dfwg ug{ k|x/Ln] cfkm\gf] lds]n M g]kfndf 3/]n' b'Jo{jxf/ s:tf] 5 < a}jflxs b'Jo{jxf/ / anfTsf/nfO{ ;dfwg ug{ k|x/Ln] cfkm\gf] ;Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ NofPsf] 5 <;Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ NofPsf] 5 <

uLtf M dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|n] of] If]qdf /fd|f] kl/0ffd NofP/ sfd u/]sf] 5 t/ ha xfdL uLtf M dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;]jf s]Gb|n] of] If]qdf /fd|f] kl/0ffd NofP/ sfd u/]sf] 5 t/ ha xfdL 3/]n' lx+;fdf sfd ug{ z'¿ u¥of}+ dflg;x¿n] eg], æs] h] kfof] ToxL u/]sf] < of] k|x/Lsf] ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo 3/]n' lx+;fdf sfd ug{ z'¿ u¥of}+ dflg;x¿n] eg], æs] h] kfof] ToxL u/]sf] < of] k|x/Lsf] ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo xf]Og . of] ck/fw xf]Og .Æ ltglx¿ ql;t lyP . pgLx¿n] 3/]n' lx+;fnfO{ ;fdflhs ljifo g7fgL Pp6f xf]Og . of] ck/fw xf]Og .Æ ltglx¿ ql;t lyP . pgLx¿n] 3/]n' lx+;fnfO{ ;fdflhs ljifo g7fgL Pp6f lghL ljifo eGby] . z'¿df s]xL yf]/} dfq dlxnfx¿ s]Gb|df cfP / hf] cfPsf lyP pgLx¿ nhfPsf, lghL ljifo eGby] . z'¿df s]xL yf]/} dfq dlxnfx¿ s]Gb|df cfP / hf] cfPsf lyP pgLx¿ nhfPsf, r'krfk / s] ug]{ eGg] yfxf gePsf] cj:yfdf b]lvGy] . pgLx¿n] af]n]sf] s;}n] g;'Gg] 7fpFdf dfq r'krfk / s] ug]{ eGg] yfxf gePsf] cj:yfdf b]lvGy] . pgLx¿n] af]n]sf] s;}n] g;'Gg] 7fpFdf dfq pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] u'gf;f]x¿ atfpFy] . To;}n] d pgLx¿nfO{ eGy], ætkfO{n] dnfO{ ;a} s'/f atfpg ;Sg' pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] u'gf;f]x¿ atfpFy] . To;}n] d pgLx¿nfO{ eGy], ætkfO{n] dnfO{ ;a} s'/f atfpg ;Sg' x'G5 . h] 36]sf] lyof] To; af/] s]xL klg n'sfpg' kb}{g . tkfO{ oxfF ;'/lIft x'g'x'G5 .ÚÚx'G5 . h] 36]sf] lyof] To; af/] s]xL klg n'sfpg' kb}{g . tkfO{ oxfF ;'/lIft x'g'x'G5 .ÚÚ

;fdfu|L !#;fdfu|L !#


t/ kLl8tnfO{ a'emfpg' Tolt ;lhnf] lyPg . ;Fu} d b'O{ cj/f]wx¿;Fu nl8/x]sL lyPF M k|x/L Joj:yfleq t/ kLl8tnfO{ a'emfpg' Tolt ;lhnf] lyPg . ;Fu} d b'O{ cj/f]wx¿;Fu nl8/x]sL lyPF M k|x/L Joj:yfleq / ;dfh aflx/ . lbg k|ltlbg dlxnf cfudg a9\|of] . clxn] cfP/ dlxnfx¿n] cg'ej ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ ls / ;dfh aflx/ . lbg k|ltlbg dlxnf cfudg a9\|of] . clxn] cfP/ dlxnfx¿n] cg'ej ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ ls pgLx¿;Fu Gofo dflysf] kx'Fr 5 .pgLx¿;Fu Gofo dflysf] kx'Fr 5 .

xfd|f k|of;x¿nfO{ ;xof]u k'uf];\ eg]/ xfdL cGo ;+:yfx¿;Fu klg ;dGjo u5f}+ . o:tf 36gfx¿ vfln xfd|f k|of;x¿nfO{ ;xof]u k'uf];\ eg]/ xfdL cGo ;+:yfx¿;Fu klg ;dGjo u5f}+ . o:tf 36gfx¿ vfln k|x/Lsf] ;+nUgtfsf] cfwf/df dfq a'em\g ;lsFb}g . xfdLnfO{ aflx/L ;xof]u cToflws rflxG5 M :jf:Yo, k|x/Lsf] ;+nUgtfsf] cfwf/df dfq a'em\g ;lsFb}g . xfdLnfO{ aflx/L ;xof]u cToflws rflxG5 M :jf:Yo, g}lts, cfly{s, Goflos ;xof]u .g}lts, cfly{s, Goflos ;xof]u .

lds]n M tkfO{ / tkfOsf] k]zfnfO{ x]bf{ k|x/L andf sfo{/t /xg sltsf] ufx|f] kb{5 <lds]n M tkfO{ / tkfOsf] k]zfnfO{ x]bf{ k|x/L andf sfo{/t /xg sltsf] ufx|f] kb{5 <

uLtf M of] ;fFRr} g} ufx|f] k]zf xf] . k|x/L kf]zfs nufPsf dlxnfx¿ ;w} ;xL af6f]df lxF8\g' kb{5 . xfd|f] uLtf M of] ;fFRr} g} ufx|f] k]zf xf] . k|x/L kf]zfs nufPsf dlxnfx¿ ;w} ;xL af6f]df lxF8\g' kb{5 . xfd|f] lg/LIf0f / cg'udg eO/x]sf] x'G5 . olt;Dd ls xfd|f] b}lgs lqmofsnfk dfly klg cg'udg ul/Psf] x'G5 .lg/LIf0f / cg'udg eO/x]sf] x'G5 . olt;Dd ls xfd|f] b}lgs lqmofsnfk dfly klg cg'udg ul/Psf] x'G5 .

olb tkfO{ k|x/L ansf] s'/f ub}{ x'g'xG5 eg] M dlxnfnfO{ a9'jf dfq gug'{xf];\ , pgLx¿nfO{ Tof] kb;Fu} olb tkfO{ k|x/L ansf] s'/f ub}{ x'g'xG5 eg] M dlxnfnfO{ a9'jf dfq gug'{xf];\ , pgLx¿nfO{ Tof] kb;Fu} u|x0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L klg k|bfg ug'{xf];\ . of] Pp6f o:tf] d'2f xf] h;sf] d"Nofª\sg ug'{ kb{5 . xfd|f] kb u|x0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L klg k|bfg ug'{xf];\ . of] Pp6f o:tf] d'2f xf] h;sf] d"Nofª\sg ug'{ kb{5 . xfd|f] kb a9'jf ul/Pdf xfdLn] c¿ lhDd]jf/Lsf] ck]Iff ub{5f} . gq eg] kb a9'jf ug'{sf] s]xL dxTj /xFb}g .a9'jf ul/Pdf xfdLn] c¿ lhDd]jf/Lsf] ck]Iff ub{5f} . gq eg] kb a9'jf ug'{sf] s]xL dxTj /xFb}g .

3636

;fdu|L !$;fdu|L !$k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hgdf dlxnf ;+nUgtfk'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hgdf dlxnf ;+nUgtf

;z:q åGådf dlxnfsf e"ldsfx¿sf] kl/efiff;z:q åGådf dlxnfsf e"ldsfx¿sf] kl/efiff

!= dlxnf n8fs'x¿!= dlxnf n8fs'x¿

dlxnf / s]6Lx¿ hf] ;z:q åGådf xltof/ af]s]/ ;lqmo n8fs'sf ¿kdf ;xefuL eP .dlxnf / s]6Lx¿ hf] ;z:q åGådf xltof/ af]s]/ ;lqmo n8fs'sf ¿kdf ;xefuL eP .

@= dlxnf ;xof]uLx¿÷;z:q an / ;d"x;Fu cfa4 dlxnf@= dlxnf ;xof]uLx¿÷;z:q an / ;d"x;Fu cfa4 dlxnf

dlxnf / s]6Lx¿ hf] ;z:q åGådf zlQmsf] bafadf k/]/ cyjf :jod\;]jL¿kdf ;xof]uL e"ldsf dlxnf / s]6Lx¿ hf] ;z:q åGådf zlQmsf] bafadf k/]/ cyjf :jod\;]jL¿kdf ;xof]uL e"ldsf lgefpg ;xefuL eP . gful/s ;d'bfosf] ;b:o ePtfklg pgLx¿sf] cfocfh{gsf lglDt lgefpg ;xefuL eP . gful/s ;d'bfosf] ;b:o ePtfklg pgLx¿sf] cfocfh{gsf lglDt / ;fdflhs ;xof]usf lglDt pgLx¿ cfly{s / ;fdflhs ¿kdf ;z:q ;d"xdf cfl>t lyP / ;fdflhs ;xof]usf lglDt pgLx¿ cfly{s / ;fdflhs ¿kdf ;z:q ;d"xdf cfl>t lyP -pbfx/0fsf lglDtM el/of, s's, g;{, hf;';, k|zf;s, cg'jfbs, /]l8of] ;+rfns, :jf:Yo ;xof]uL, -pbfx/0fsf lglDtM el/of, s's, g;{, hf;';, k|zf;s, cg'jfbs, /]l8of] ;+rfns, :jf:Yo ;xof]uL, ;fj{hlgs ;'rgf clws[t÷ ;d"xsf] g]tf, of}gsdL{÷bf;L_ .;fj{hlgs ;'rgf clws[t÷ ;d"xsf] g]tf, of}gsdL{÷bf;L_ .

#= cfl>t dlxnf#= cfl>t dlxnf

k"j{ n8fs'sf] 3/sf dlxnf / s]6Lx¿ . ;d'bfo;Fu ;DaGw /fv] klg pgLx¿ d'VotM ;fdflhs tyf k"j{ n8fs'sf] 3/sf dlxnf / s]6Lx¿ . ;d'bfo;Fu ;DaGw /fv] klg pgLx¿ d'VotM ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ¿kdf k"j{ n8fs'd} cfl>t /xG5g\ . -pbfx/0f M :jf:gL÷5f]/f5f]/L÷dftflktf÷lbbLalxgL÷ / cfly{s ¿kdf k"j{ n8fs'd} cfl>t /xG5g\ . -pbfx/0f M :jf:gL÷5f]/f5f]/L÷dftflktf÷lbbLalxgL÷ / ;+o'Qm kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ _;+o'Qm kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿ _#$#$

klxnf] v08 M xfn;Dd k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hgdf dlxnfnfO{ s;/L alxis[t ul/Psf] 5 <klxnf] v08 M xfn;Dd k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hgdf dlxnfnfO{ s;/L alxis[t ul/Psf] 5 <

dfcf]jfbL n8fs'sf] cg'udg, ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg ;DaGwL ljz]if sld6L h;n] hgj/L @)!! b]lv dfcf]jfbL n8fs'sf] cg'udg, ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kg ;DaGwL ljz]if sld6L h;n] hgj/L @)!! b]lv •dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿sf] Joj:yfkg tyf k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hgsf] lg/LIf0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf] 5, dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿sf] Joj:yfkg tyf k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hgsf] lg/LIf0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf] 5, To; sld6Lleq dlxnfx¿sf] pkl:ylt 5}g .To; sld6Lleq dlxnfx¿sf] pkl:ylt 5}g .

dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿sf] cf}krfl/s ljj/0f xfn;Dd lnOPsf] 5}g . o:tf ljj/0fx¿ dlxnf tyf dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿sf] cf}krfl/s ljj/0f xfn;Dd lnOPsf] 5}g . o:tf ljj/0fx¿ dlxnf tyf •k'¿if n8fs'x¿ sxfFaf6 cfPsf x'g\ egL hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{sf nflu pgLx¿sf] pd]/÷hftLo ;d"x k'¿if n8fs'x¿ sxfFaf6 cfPsf x'g\ egL hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{sf nflu pgLx¿sf] pd]/÷hftLo ;d"x ÷ju{÷hLjgsf cg'ejx¿, :jf:Yo l:ylt, z}lIfs of]Uotf, of]Uotf / Ifdtf tyf dgf];fdflhs ÷ju{÷hLjgsf cg'ejx¿, :jf:Yo l:ylt, z}lIfs of]Uotf, of]Uotf / Ifdtf tyf dgf];fdflhs cfjZostfx¿ a'em\gsf lglDt cfjZos kb{5 . n}lËs–;+j]bgzLn k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hgsf] cfjZostfx¿ a'em\gsf lglDt cfjZos kb{5 . n}lËs–;+j]bgzLn k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hgsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ oL s'/fx¿df Wofg lbg cfjZos 5 .;'lglZrttf ug{ oL s'/fx¿df Wofg lbg cfjZos 5 .

;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ ;]km/jN8{n] dlxnf tyf k'¿if n8fs'x¿sf] cfjZostf / ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgnfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ ;]km/jN8{n] dlxnf tyf k'¿if n8fs'x¿sf] cfjZostf / •;/f]sf/dfly u/]sf] cg';Gwfgn] *) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿df dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ ;dfhdf kms]{ ;/f]sf/dfly u/]sf] cg';Gwfgn] *) k|ltzt jt{dfg n8fs'x¿df dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ ;dfhdf kms]{ eg] k'¿ifsf] t'ngfdf w]/} b'v kfpF5g\ eGg] dfGotf /x]sf] kQf nufof] .eg] k'¿ifsf] t'ngfdf w]/} b'v kfpF5g\ eGg] dfGotf /x]sf] kQf nufof] .#%#% ;dfhdf kms]{sf cof]Uo ;dfhdf kms]{sf cof]Uo dlxnf n8fs'sf]dlxnf n8fs'sf]#^#^ cg'ejn] of] s'/f k'li6 ub{5 . cGt/hftLo ljjfxsf] kl/0ffd -dfcf]jfbL ;]gfleq cg'ejn] of] s'/f k'li6 ub{5 . cGt/hftLo ljjfxsf] kl/0ffd -dfcf]jfbL ;]gfleq ;fdfGo eP klg aflx/L ;dfhåf/f :jLsf/ gul/Psf]_ / k"j{ dlxnf n8fs'x¿ h+unL / cfqmfds ;fdfGo eP klg aflx/L ;dfhåf/f :jLsf/ gul/Psf]_ / k"j{ dlxnf n8fs'x¿ h+unL / cfqmfds x'G5g\ eGg] wf/0ff :yflkt ePsf sf/0f clws dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] kltsf] kl/jf/ / x'G5g\ eGg] wf/0ff :yflkt ePsf sf/0f clws dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] kltsf] kl/jf/ /

#$#$ UN DDR Resource Centre, ‘Chapter 5.10: Women, Gender and DDR’, in Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and UN DDR Resource Centre, ‘Chapter 5.10: Women, Gender and DDR’, in Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and

Reintegration Standards (IDDRS), (UN, 01 August 2006), <http://www.unddr.org/iddrs/05/>.Reintegration Standards (IDDRS), (UN, 01 August 2006), <http://www.unddr.org/iddrs/05/>.#%#% Common Ground? Gendered Assessment of the Needs and Concerns of Maoist Army Combatants for Integration and Common Ground? Gendered Assessment of the Needs and Concerns of Maoist Army Combatants for Integration and

Rehabilitation, (Saferworld, 2010).Rehabilitation, (Saferworld, 2010).#^#^ Discharged combatants refers to the 4,008 late recruits and minors who had failed to meet the criteria established by Discharged combatants refers to the 4,008 late recruits and minors who had failed to meet the criteria established by

the UN Mission in Nepal.the UN Mission in Nepal.

;fdfu|L !$;fdfu|L !$


;d'bfox¿n] c:jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ k"j{ dlxnf n8fs'x¿nfO{ ef/tdf of}gsdL{sf] ¿kdf ;d'bfox¿n] c:jLsf/ u/]sf 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ k"j{ dlxnf n8fs'x¿nfO{ ef/tdf of}gsdL{sf] ¿kdf sfd vf]Hg hfg afWo agfpF5 -w]/}h;f] cfkm\gf aRRfx¿;Fu}_ h;n] ubf{ pgLx¿ emg\ hf]lvddf sfd vf]Hg hfg afWo agfpF5 -w]/}h;f] cfkm\gf aRRfx¿;Fu}_ h;n] ubf{ pgLx¿ emg\ hf]lvddf kb{5g\ / ;dfhsf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ PSnf] kb{5g\ .kb{5g\ / ;dfhsf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ PSnf] kb{5g\ .#&#&

cof]Uo n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] k|f/lDes r/0fdf dlxnf ;xeflutfnfO{ km]j|'j/L @)!) df cof]Uo n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] k|f/lDes r/0fdf dlxnf ;xeflutfnfO{ km]j|'j/L @)!) df •:yflkt ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 PsLs[t k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdn] ;+of]hg ul//fv]sf] 5 . k|f/lDes txdf n}lËs :yflkt ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 PsLs[t k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdn] ;+of]hg ul//fv]sf] 5 . k|f/lDes txdf n}lËs ljifonfO{ o; sfo{qmdaf6 lgDg tl/sfn] c;+nUg ePsf] k'li6 u/]sf] lyof] MljifonfO{ o; sfo{qmdaf6 lgDg tl/sfn] c;+nUg ePsf] k'li6 u/]sf] lyof] M#*#*

;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0fsf] cefjsf sf/0f k|f/lDes :t/sf] j[xb n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn sfo{qmdsf] ;fdflhs cfly{s ljj/0fsf] cefjsf sf/0f k|f/lDes :t/sf] j[xb n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn sfo{qmdsf] ◦vfsf tof/L / sfof{Gjogdf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf nflu dlxnf tyf k'¿ifsf] ljleGg cfjZostf vfsf tof/L / sfof{Gjogdf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf nflu dlxnf tyf k'¿ifsf] ljleGg cfjZostf / ;/f]sf/x¿ klxrfg ug{ / ;Daf]wg ul/Psf 5g\ egL ;'lglZrt ug]{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 PsLs[t / ;/f]sf/x¿ klxrfg ug{ / ;Daf]wg ul/Psf 5g\ egL ;'lglZrt ug]{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 PsLs[t k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] ;IfdtfnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpF5 .k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] ;IfdtfnfO{ sdhf]/ agfpF5 .

n8fs'x¿nfO{ cof]Uo 7x/fOPsf] ;df/f]xdf pgLx¿nfO{ sfo{qmdaf/] k|bfg ul/Psf] n8fs'x¿nfO{ cof]Uo 7x/fOPsf] ;df/f]xdf pgLx¿nfO{ sfo{qmdaf/] k|bfg ul/Psf] ◦hfgsf/Ld"ns k'l:tsfn] kl/jf/ eQf, tflnddf ;xefuL x'Fbf cfl>tnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ hfgsf/Ld"ns k'l:tsfn] kl/jf/ eQf, tflnddf ;xefuL x'Fbf cfl>tnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ k|fjwfg;lxt dlxnfx¿nfO{ pknAw u/fOPsf] ;xof]u / cGo ljsNk ;DaGwdf kof{Kt hfgsf/L k|fjwfg;lxt dlxnfx¿nfO{ pknAw u/fOPsf] ;xof]u / cGo ljsNk ;DaGwdf kof{Kt hfgsf/L lbg ;s]g .lbg ;s]g .

kfl/jfl/s eQfsf] cefj / k|lzIf0fdf efu lng nfdf] b"/Lsf] ofqf ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] clws kfl/jfl/s eQfsf] cefj / k|lzIf0fdf efu lng nfdf] b"/Lsf] ofqf ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] clws ◦dlxnfx¿ Kofs]hdf c6fpg ;s]gg\ . pgLx¿n] aRrf ePsL Psn dlxnfsf nflu dfl;s dlxnfx¿ Kofs]hdf c6fpg ;s]gg\ . pgLx¿n] aRrf ePsL Psn dlxnfsf nflu dfl;s vr{ a9fpg' kg]{ / aRrf ;lxtsf ljjflxt cof]Uo hf]8Lsf nflu tflnd s]Gb;Dd hfFbf cfpFbf vr{ a9fpg' kg]{ / aRrf ;lxtsf ljjflxt cof]Uo hf]8Lsf nflu tflnd s]Gb;Dd hfFbf cfpFbf nfUg] kof{Kt vr{ / cfl>tx¿nfO{ cfjf;, lzz' :ofxf/ / hLjg lgjf{x vr{ k|bfg ug'{kg]{ tYo nfUg] kof{Kt vr{ / cfl>tx¿nfO{ cfjf;, lzz' :ofxf/ / hLjg lgjf{x vr{ k|bfg ug'{kg]{ tYo dxTjsf ;fy hf]8 lbP .dxTjsf ;fy hf]8 lbP .

lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / k'g:yf{kg k|lqmof -g]kfndf k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hg eg]/ a'lemG5_ af6 alxisf/ ul/Psf lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / k'g:yf{kg k|lqmof -g]kfndf k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hg eg]/ a'lemG5_ af6 alxisf/ ul/Psf dlxnfsf] 36gf cWoogsf pbfx/0f, nfOa]l/of, @))$ Mdlxnfsf] 36gf cWoogsf pbfx/0f, nfOa]l/of, @))$ M

z'¿b]lv g} nfOa]l/ofdf lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / ;dfof]hg of]hgfn] dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf nflu z'¿b]lv g} nfOa]l/ofdf lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / ;dfof]hg of]hgfn] dlxnf n8fs'x¿sf nflu •ljz]if Joj:yfnfO{ cl3 ;f¥of] . lzlj/ leq leGg} cfGtl/s x]/rf/ s]Gb| hxfF dlxnfn] k|hgg :jf:Yo ljz]if Joj:yfnfO{ cl3 ;f¥of] . lzlj/ leq leGg} cfGtl/s x]/rf/ s]Gb| hxfF dlxnfn] k|hgg :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ljz]if ;]jf k|fKt ub{5g\, k/fdz{, dlxnfnfO{ dfgj clwsf/sf ;DaGwdf k|lzIf0f, of}g ;]jfdf ljz]if ;]jf k|fKt ub{5g\, k/fdz{, dlxnfnfO{ dfgj clwsf/sf ;DaGwdf k|lzIf0f, of}g cf3ftdf ;xof]u o;leq ;dfj]z lyP .cf3ftdf ;xof]u o;leq ;dfj]z lyP .

lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / k'g:yf{kg of]hgfsf sd{rf/Ln] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] lgz:qLs/0f, lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / k'g:yf{kg of]hgfsf sd{rf/Ln] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] lgz:qLs/0f, •ckl/rfng / k'g:yf{kg of]hgfsf ;DalGwt dfkb08x¿ cg';/0f u/]sf 5g\ / dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'nfO{ ckl/rfng / k'g:yf{kg of]hgfsf ;DalGwt dfkb08x¿ cg';/0f u/]sf 5g\ / dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'nfO{ of]hgf / sfof{Gjogdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 eg]/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ k'Ubf] pRr:t/Lo /fhgLlts ;xof]u of]hgf / sfof{Gjogdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 eg]/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ k'Ubf] pRr:t/Lo /fhgLlts ;xof]u lyPg . k'¿ifsf] t'ngfdf dlxnfx¿ s'g} n8fs' an;Fu cfj4 x'g / cfkm}+nfO{ n8fs' eg]/ lrgfpg lyPg . k'¿ifsf] t'ngfdf dlxnfx¿ s'g} n8fs' an;Fu cfj4 x'g / cfkm}+nfO{ n8fs' eg]/ lrgfpg cfkm" dfly bfu nfUg] 8/n] c;xh dx;'; ub{y] . oL o:tf kIf / cGo kIfx¿ h:t} – k"j{ k'¿if cfkm" dfly bfu nfUg] 8/n] c;xh dx;'; ub{y] . oL o:tf kIf / cGo kIfx¿ h:t} – k"j{ k'¿if n8fs'af6 abnfsf] efjgfsf] 8/, lzz' ;]jfsf] cefj, ;fFem sIffsf] ljsNkn] dlxnf / s]6Lx¿nfO{ n8fs'af6 abnfsf] efjgfsf] 8/, lzz' ;]jfsf] cefj, ;fFem sIffsf] ljsNkn] dlxnf / s]6Lx¿nfO{ lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmddf k"0f{ ¿kdf ;xefuL x'g lg¿T;flxt u¥of] h;n] lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmddf k"0f{ ¿kdf ;xefuL x'g lg¿T;flxt u¥of] h;n] gful/s hLjgleq k'g:yf{kgsf] cufl8 klg cj/f]w v8f u¥of] .gful/s hLjgleq k'g:yf{kgsf] cufl8 klg cj/f]w v8f u¥of] .

bf]>f] v08 M k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hgleq dlxnfnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ lsg h¿/L 5 <bf]>f] v08 M k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hgleq dlxnfnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ lsg h¿/L 5 <

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] zflGt :yfkgf cleofgdf n}lËs ;|f]tx¿sf] Kofs]h cg';f/, æPp6f k'¿if jf of]Uoz/L/ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] zflGt :yfkgf cleofgdf n}lËs ;|f]tx¿sf] Kofs]h cg';f/, æPp6f k'¿if jf of]Uoz/L/ ePsf]–n8fs'sf] kl/efiff cGtu{t gkg]{ dlxnf k"j{ n8fs' e"ldsfnfO{ gh/cGbfh u/]df lgz:qLs/0f, ePsf]–n8fs'sf] kl/efiff cGtu{t gkg]{ dlxnf k"j{ n8fs' e"ldsfnfO{ gh/cGbfh u/]df lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd yf]/} k|efjsf/L dfq aGb}g, plQs} ¿kdf /x]sf] n}lËs c;dfgtfnfO{ ckl/rfng / k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd yf]/} k|efjsf/L dfq aGb}g, plQs} ¿kdf /x]sf] n}lËs c;dfgtfnfO{ :yfgLo ;d'bfox¿df a9fjf lbg / ;z:q ;d"x / an;Fu cfa4 /x]sf dlxnf tyf s]6Lx¿sf] cfly{s :yfgLo ;d'bfox¿df a9fjf lbg / ;z:q ;d"x / an;Fu cfa4 /x]sf dlxnf tyf s]6Lx¿sf] cfly{s sl7gfO klg a9fpF5 .Æsl7gfO klg a9fpF5 .Æ

tL dWo] s;}n] t åGåsf] a]nf ef]u]sf lx+;fsf] kl/0ffd :j¿k slxNo} lgsf] gx'g] kL8f vk]sf x'g ;S5g\ tL dWo] s;}n] t åGåsf] a]nf ef]u]sf lx+;fsf] kl/0ffd :j¿k slxNo} lgsf] gx'g] kL8f vk]sf x'g ;S5g\ h;n] ubf{ ;z:q ;d"xx¿ / ;z:q anx¿df k'gM etL{ x'g ;Sb5 . ;fgf xltof/sf] pkl:ylt ;Fu} oL h;n] ubf{ ;z:q ;d"xx¿ / ;z:q anx¿df k'gM etL{ x'g ;Sb5 . ;fgf xltof/sf] pkl:ylt ;Fu} oL

#&#& Op. cit. Saferworld 2010.Op. cit. Saferworld 2010.#*#* Op. cit. Saferworld 2010.Op. cit. Saferworld 2010.

3838

kIfx¿n] lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] zflGt lgdf{0f ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{ sdhf]/ kfb{5 . kIfx¿n] lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] zflGt lgdf{0f ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{ sdhf]/ kfb{5 . k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hg k|lsofsf] ;kmntfsf] lglDt n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntfsf] ljifo dxTjk"0f{ 5 / tnsf k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hg k|lsofsf] ;kmntfsf] lglDt n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntfsf] ljifo dxTjk"0f{ 5 / tnsf a'Fbfx¿ ;lxt g]kfn ;/sf/ klg arga4 /x]sf] /fli6«o÷cGt/f{li6«o gLlt / lg0f{ox¿ sfof{Gjogsf] ljifo a'Fbfx¿ ;lxt g]kfn ;/sf/ klg arga4 /x]sf] /fli6«o÷cGt/f{li6«o gLlt / lg0f{ox¿ sfof{Gjogsf] ljifo klg dxTjk"0f{ 5 Mklg dxTjk"0f{ 5 M

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf] a'Fbf !# cg';f/ …dlxnf tyf k'¿if k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf] a'Fbf !# cg';f/ …dlxnf tyf k'¿if k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf •ljleGg cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg / pgLx¿df cfl>tx¿sf] cfjZostfnfO{ klg a'em]/ ljleGg cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /fVg / pgLx¿df cfl>tx¿sf] cfjZostfnfO{ klg a'em]/ lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / k'g:yf{kgsf] lglDt of]hgf agfpg ;+nUg ;a}n] a'em\g' h¿/L 5 .Úlgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / k'g:yf{kgsf] lglDt of]hgf agfpg ;+nUg ;a}n] a'em\g' h¿/L 5 .Ú

!#@% / !*@) dfly xfn;fn} nfu' ul/Psf] /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgf h;n] p4f/ / !#@% / !*@) dfly xfn;fn} nfu' ul/Psf] /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgf h;n] p4f/ / •k'gMk|flKt(Recovery)sf] :tDe cGtu{t p4f/ / k'gMk|flKt ;DaGwdf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] n}lËs k'gMk|flKt(Recovery)sf] :tDe cGtu{t p4f/ / k'gMk|flKt ;DaGwdf k'g:yf{kg k|lqmofsf] n}lËs ;dfj]zLs/0fsf lglDt k|fjwfg agfpF5 . ;fdu|L !^ M ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% / ;dfj]zLs/0fsf lglDt k|fjwfg agfpF5 . ;fdu|L !^ M ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% / !*@) ;DaGwdf g]kfnsf] /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] ;Gble{s kIfx¿sf] k|ltlnlk x]g'{xf];\ .!*@) ;DaGwdf g]kfnsf] /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] ;Gble{s kIfx¿sf] k|ltlnlk x]g'{xf];\ .

n8fs' hLjgb]lv gful/s hLjgdf kms{g] qmddf ;+qmd0fsf] cj:yfdf dlxnf n8fs'x¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kg n8fs' hLjgb]lv gful/s hLjgdf kms{g] qmddf ;+qmd0fsf] cj:yfdf dlxnf n8fs'x¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kg •;xof]usf] cefjn] ubf{ pgLx¿ / pgLx¿sf afnaflnsf k|ToIf ¿kdf Pp6f sdhf]/ cj:yfdf ;xof]usf] cefjn] ubf{ pgLx¿ / pgLx¿sf afnaflnsf k|ToIf ¿kdf Pp6f sdhf]/ cj:yfdf k'Ug]5g\ h;af6 pgLx¿n] slxNo} d'Qm x'g ;Sg] 5}gg\ .k'Ug]5g\ h;af6 pgLx¿n] slxNo} d'Qm x'g ;Sg] 5}gg\ .

dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'nfO{ a]jf:tf ugf{n] pgLx¿ a]lrg], b]x Jofkf/df nfUg] / PrcfOeL P8\;af6 ;+qmldt x'g] dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'nfO{ a]jf:tf ugf{n] pgLx¿ a]lrg], b]x Jofkf/df nfUg] / PrcfOeL P8\;af6 ;+qmldt x'g] 8/ x'G5 . oL ;a} ;jfnx¿sf sf/0f pgLx¿sf] ;'/Iff / Jofks ;fd'bflos ;'/Iff klg sdhf]/ x'g k'Ub5 .8/ x'G5 . oL ;a} ;jfnx¿sf sf/0f pgLx¿sf] ;'/Iff / Jofks ;fd'bflos ;'/Iff klg sdhf]/ x'g k'Ub5 .

k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofn] dlxnfdf k|efj kfb{5 – rfx] pgLx¿ dlxnf k"j{ n8fs' x'g\, k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg k|lqmofn] dlxnfdf k|efj kfb{5 – rfx] pgLx¿ dlxnf k"j{ n8fs' x'g\, •dlxnf÷k'¿if k"j{ n8fs'sf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o cyjf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ kmls{Psf] ;d'bfosf ;b:o . dlxnf dlxnf÷k'¿if k"j{ n8fs'sf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o cyjf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ kmls{Psf] ;d'bfosf ;b:o . dlxnf ;dfj]zLs/0fn] ;j{;fwf/0fsf] dfgl;stfdf lx+;fTds åGåb]lv zflGt / l:y/tf;Ddsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0fn] ;j{;fwf/0fsf] dfgl;stfdf lx+;fTds åGåb]lv zflGt / l:y/tf;Ddsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ub{5 .k|f]T;fxg ub{5 .

;d'bfosf k|d'v cfwf/–dlxnfx¿– kl/jf/sf] k'g:yf{kg lglDt lhDd]jf/ x'G5g\ h;dWo] w]/} zf/Ll/s ;d'bfosf k|d'v cfwf/–dlxnfx¿– kl/jf/sf] k'g:yf{kg lglDt lhDd]jf/ x'G5g\ h;dWo] w]/} zf/Ll/s •¿kdf cËeË ePsf x'g ;Sb5g\ / w]/} kL8fdf /x]sf x'g ;Sb5g\ .¿kdf cËeË ePsf x'g ;Sb5g\ / w]/} kL8fdf /x]sf x'g ;Sb5g\ .

dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'x¿n] cfkm"nfO{ kl/jf/sf] k|d'vsf ¿kdf klg kfpFb5g\ / cfkm\gf afnaflnsf dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'x¿n] cfkm"nfO{ kl/jf/sf] k|d'vsf ¿kdf klg kfpFb5g\ / cfkm\gf afnaflnsf •x'sf{pg], k9fpg] / klt;lxt kl/jf/sf c;Qm ;b:onfO{ cfly{s ¿kdf ;xof]u ug]{ lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf x'sf{pg], k9fpg] / klt;lxt kl/jf/sf c;Qm ;b:onfO{ cfly{s ¿kdf ;xof]u ug]{ lhDd]jf/L af]s]sf x'G5g\ .x'G5g\ .

ljZjJofkL ¿kdf k'¿if k"j{ n8fs' 3/ kms]{kl5 / 3/ rnfpg] k'¿ifsf] k/Dk/fut lhDd]jf/L dlxnfn] ljZjJofkL ¿kdf k'¿if k"j{ n8fs' 3/ kms]{kl5 / 3/ rnfpg] k'¿ifsf] k/Dk/fut lhDd]jf/L dlxnfn] •axg u/]sf] b]Vbf klg 3/]n' lx+;fdf pNn]vgLo a[l4 x'g] ub{5 .axg u/]sf] b]Vbf klg 3/]n' lx+;fdf pNn]vgLo a[l4 x'g] ub{5 .

k'¿ifsf cg'ejx¿ / ck]Iffx¿n] n}lËs ;DaGwx¿nfO{ s;/L lgdf{0f ub{5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf k'¿ifsf cg'ejx¿ / ck]Iffx¿n] n}lËs ;DaGwx¿nfO{ s;/L lgdf{0f ub{5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf •g/fvL dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yfkg;Fu ;DalGwt d'2fx¿nfO{ ;+af]wg ug{ ;Dej 5}g . r'gf}tL g/fvL dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'x¿sf] k'g:yfkg;Fu ;DalGwt d'2fx¿nfO{ ;+af]wg ug{ ;Dej 5}g . r'gf}tL eg]sf] k'¿ifsf lglDt k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] ¿k/]vf s;/L tof/ ug]{ eGg] xf], h;n] ubf{ eg]sf] k'¿ifsf lglDt k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hg k|lqmofsf] ¿k/]vf s;/L tof/ ug]{ eGg] xf], h;n] ubf{ lx+;fsf] k|of]u gu/L cGt/åGåsf] ;dfwfg ug{ l;Sb5g\ . o;n] pgLx¿sf] kl/jf/sf] / a[xb ;d'bfosf] lx+;fsf] k|of]u gu/L cGt/åGåsf] ;dfwfg ug{ l;Sb5g\ . o;n] pgLx¿sf] kl/jf/sf] / a[xb ;d'bfosf] ;'/Iffdf ;'wf/ NofpF5 .;'/Iffdf ;'wf/ NofpF5 .

t];|f] v08 M k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hg k|lqmofdf n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ s:tf kfOnf rfNg' t];|f] v08 M k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hg k|lqmofdf n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug{ s:tf kfOnf rfNg' kb{5 <kb{5 <

;fdfGo;fdfGo

jt{dfg n8fs'x¿;Fu k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hk|lt pgLx¿sf] rf;f] / cfjZostfaf/] 5nkmn ug]{ / jt{dfg n8fs'x¿;Fu k'g:yf{kg / ;dfof]hk|lt pgLx¿sf] rf;f] / cfjZostfaf/] 5nkmn ug]{ / •dlxnf÷k'¿if n8fs'x¿sf] cfjZostf / ;/f]sf/ ;dfg ¿kn] ;Daf]lwt ePsf 5g\ eg]/ ;'lglZrt dlxnf÷k'¿if n8fs'x¿sf] cfjZostf / ;/f]sf/ ;dfg ¿kn] ;Daf]lwt ePsf 5g\ eg]/ ;'lglZrt x'gsf lglDt pgLx¿sf] ;fdflhs–cfly{s ljj/0f ;+sng ug]{ .x'gsf lglDt pgLx¿sf] ;fdflhs–cfly{s ljj/0f ;+sng ug]{ .

;dfof]hg;dfof]hg

;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf lglDt n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf dfly k|lzIf0f ;+rfng ug]{ .;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf lglDt n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf dfly k|lzIf0f ;+rfng ug]{ . •

;'/Iff lgsfox¿df of}ghGo tyf n}lËs lx+;fsf vt/fx¿ sd ug{sf lglDt ;'/Iff lgsfodf …n}lËs ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df of}ghGo tyf n}lËs lx+;fsf vt/fx¿ sd ug{sf lglDt ;'/Iff lgsfodf …n}lËs •sIfÚ sf] :yfkgf .sIfÚ sf] :yfkgf .



;'/Iff lgsfodf k'¿if / dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] a9'jf, kb:yfkg / tflndsf nflu ;dfg cj;/sf] ;'/Iff lgsfodf k'¿if / dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] a9'jf, kb:yfkg / tflndsf nflu ;dfg cj;/sf] •;'lglZrttf .;'lglZrttf .

;'/Iff lgsfodf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo ;DaGwL dfldnfx¿nfO{ :jf:Yo pkrf/, ljbf, kof{Kt ;'Ts]/L ljbf, 3/ ;'/Iff lgsfodf k|hgg\ :jf:Yo ;DaGwL dfldnfx¿nfO{ :jf:Yo pkrf/, ljbf, kof{Kt ;'Ts]/L ljbf, 3/ •ljbfsf ¿kdf ;Daf]wg ubf{ :jLs[t k|lqmof ckgfpg] .ljbfsf ¿kdf ;Daf]wg ubf{ :jLs[t k|lqmof ckgfpg] .

dlxnfsf lglDt zf}rfnosf] ;'ljwf, ;'Tg], g'xfpg] sf]7f ;lxt sfd ug]{ jftfj/0fdf ;'wf/ Nofpg / dlxnfsf lglDt zf}rfnosf] ;'ljwf, ;'Tg], g'xfpg] sf]7f ;lxt sfd ug]{ jftfj/0fdf ;'wf/ Nofpg / •dlxnfnfO{ sdhf]/ aGg glbg ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;+/rgf / ;+;fwg;Fu ;DalGwt k|fjwfgx¿ agfpg] .dlxnfnfO{ sdhf]/ aGg glbg ;'/Iff lgsfodf ;+/rgf / ;+;fwg;Fu ;DalGwt k|fjwfgx¿ agfpg] .

;'/Iff lgsfox¿df /x]sf Psn tyf ljjflxtx¿ dflysf cfl>t, ljz]ifu/L ltgLx¿ hf] lzlj/df ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df /x]sf Psn tyf ljjflxtx¿ dflysf cfl>t, ljz]ifu/L ltgLx¿ hf] lzlj/df •cyjf b'u{d If]qdf a;f]af; ub{5g\ pgLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u .cyjf b'u{d If]qdf a;f]af; ub{5g\ pgLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u .

k'g:yf{kgk'g:yf{kg

k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf]¿kdf Jofj;flos k|lzIf0f Pp6f ljsNk xf], o;df /fli6«o Pjd\ :yfgLo k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf]¿kdf Jofj;flos k|lzIf0f Pp6f ljsNk xf], o;df /fli6«o Pjd\ :yfgLo •>d ahf/sf] d"Nof+sg / cj;/x¿sf] klxrfgsf] cfjZostf kb{5 hxfF jt{dfg k'¿if tyf dlxnf >d ahf/sf] d"Nof+sg / cj;/x¿sf] klxrfgsf] cfjZostf kb{5 hxfF jt{dfg k'¿if tyf dlxnf n8fs'x¿ :jLsfo{ Joj;fosf ;fy /xg ;s'g\ .n8fs'x¿ :jLsfo{ Joj;fosf ;fy /xg ;s'g\ .

;d'bfox¿;Fu k/fdz{ ug'{ k5{ . k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{ 3/ kmsf{pgsf nflu ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;d'bfox¿;Fu k/fdz{ ug'{ k5{ . k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{ 3/ kmsf{pgsf nflu ;fdflhs, cfly{s, •/fhgLlts, kof{j/0fLo tyf ;'/Iffsf] cfjZostfnfO{ a'em]/ g} ;d'bfodf dlxnf tyf k'¿if n8fs'sf] /fhgLlts, kof{j/0fLo tyf ;'/Iffsf] cfjZostfnfO{ a'em]/ g} ;d'bfodf dlxnf tyf k'¿if n8fs'sf] k'g:yf{kgsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ x]g'{ kb{5 . o;df ;d'bfosf] wf/0ffnfO{ dfWod agfP/ k'g:yf{kg ug'{ kg]{ k'g:yf{kgsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ x]g'{ kb{5 . o;df ;d'bfosf] wf/0ffnfO{ dfWod agfP/ k'g:yf{kg ug'{ kg]{ wf/0ffx¿ klg 5g\ .wf/0ffx¿ klg 5g\ .

k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd cGtu{t 3/ kmls{g rfxg] k'¿if tyf dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;fdflhsLs/0f k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd cGtu{t 3/ kmls{g rfxg] k'¿if tyf dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{ ;fdflhsLs/0f •/ cled'vLs/0f tflnd k|bfg ug'{ k5{ . h;af6 pgLx¿ 3/ kmls{g dfgl;s ¿kn] g} tof/ x'G5g\, / cled'vLs/0f tflnd k|bfg ug'{ k5{ . h;af6 pgLx¿ 3/ kmls{g dfgl;s ¿kn] g} tof/ x'G5g\, ;fdflhs ;fdf~h:onfO{ a9fpg] / ;fdflhs :jLsf/nfO{ :yflkt ug]{ cu|0fL e"ldsfsf nflu ;Ifdtf ;fdflhs ;fdf~h:onfO{ a9fpg] / ;fdflhs :jLsf/nfO{ :yflkt ug]{ cu|0fL e"ldsfsf nflu ;Ifdtf k|fKt ub{5g\ .k|fKt ub{5g\ .

k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmds} ¿kdf aRrf;lxtsL Psn k"j{ n8fs' dlxnf cyjf ljjflxt k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{ k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmds} ¿kdf aRrf;lxtsL Psn k"j{ n8fs' dlxnf cyjf ljjflxt k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{ •;xof]u ug{ cfly{s k'g:yf{kgfsf ljsNkx¿sf] Joj:yf . pbfx/0fsf nfluM lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb|, kl/jf/ ;xof]u ug{ cfly{s k'g:yf{kgfsf ljsNkx¿sf] Joj:yf . pbfx/0fsf nfluM lzz' :ofxf/ s]Gb|, kl/jf/ eQf / oftfoft vr{ .eQf / oftfoft vr{ .

3/ kmls{g rfxg] dlxnf tyf k'¿if k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -;/sf/L ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df k|j]z ug{ nfu]sf 3/ kmls{g rfxg] dlxnf tyf k'¿if k"j{ n8fs'x¿ -;/sf/L ;'/Iff lgsfox¿df k|j]z ug{ nfu]sf •;d]t_ nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg hGd, gful/stf / ljjfx btf{ k|df0fkq lng cfj]bg ug]{ Joj:yf .;d]t_ nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg hGd, gful/stf / ljjfx btf{ k|df0fkq lng cfj]bg ug]{ Joj:yf .

k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] c+usf] ¿kdf k'¿if tyf dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'sf] k'g:yf{kgdf k'¿if tyf dlxnfnfO{ k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] c+usf] ¿kdf k'¿if tyf dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'sf] k'g:yf{kgdf k'¿if tyf dlxnfnfO{ •JolQmut / ;fd"lxs dgf];fdflhs cf3ft -trauma_ k/fdz{ k|bfg ug'{ .JolQmut / ;fd"lxs dgf];fdflhs cf3ft -trauma_ k/fdz{ k|bfg ug'{ .

:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;]jfx¿nfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg' hxfF k"j{ n8fs'x¿ a9L lkmtf{ x'g rfxG5g\, hxfF ;fdflhs–:yfgLo :jf:Yo ;]jfx¿nfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg' hxfF k"j{ n8fs'x¿ a9L lkmtf{ x'g rfxG5g\, hxfF ;fdflhs– •cfly{s lqmofsnf dfkm{t k'¿if tyf dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ :jf:Uo x]/rfxsf] cfjZostf k"/f u5{g\ .cfly{s lqmofsnf dfkm{t k'¿if tyf dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ :jf:Uo x]/rfxsf] cfjZostf k"/f u5{g\ .

k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] c+usf] ¿kdf ;~rf/ /0fgLltsf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjog ug]{ h;n] dlxnf k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] c+usf] ¿kdf ;~rf/ /0fgLltsf] ljsf; / sfof{Gjog ug]{ h;n] dlxnf •clwsf/sf nflu k}/jL u5{, dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'k|ltsf] nf~5gf -stigma_ nfO{ sd ug]{, c¿nfO{ clwsf/sf nflu k}/jL u5{, dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'k|ltsf] nf~5gf -stigma_ nfO{ sd ug]{, c¿nfO{ ;+j]lbt / cfqmfds agfpg], dgk/LnfO{ sd ug]{ sfd ub{5 . ljz]ifu/L To:tf] ;d'bfo hxfF k"j{ ;+j]lbt / cfqmfds agfpg], dgk/LnfO{ sd ug]{ sfd ub{5 . ljz]ifu/L To:tf] ;d'bfo hxfF k"j{ n8fs' kmls{g rfxG5g\, dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'sf ljlzi6 cfjZostfx¿sf cfwf/df k}/jL x'G5 .n8fs' kmls{g rfxG5g\, dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'sf ljlzi6 cfjZostfx¿sf cfwf/df k}/jL x'G5 .

k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] dfWodaf6 JolQmut ¿kdf k"j{ n8fs'x¿;Fu pgLx¿nfO{ pknAw k'g:yf{kg k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] dfWodaf6 JolQmut ¿kdf k"j{ n8fs'x¿;Fu pgLx¿nfO{ pknAw k'g:yf{kg •Kofs]hsf ljsNkx¿sf af/]df s'zntfk"j{s ;+jfbsf] k|oTg ug'{ k5{ .Kofs]hsf ljsNkx¿sf af/]df s'zntfk"j{s ;+jfbsf] k|oTg ug'{ k5{ .

k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] Pp6f dfusf] ¿kdf dlxnf, dlxnfx¿sf] ;d"x / cfl>tx¿sf] nflu ;LdfxLg k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmdsf] Pp6f dfusf] ¿kdf dlxnf, dlxnfx¿sf] ;d"x / cfl>tx¿sf] nflu ;LdfxLg •/ nlIft ;~rf/sf] :yfkgf ug'{k5{ h;n] dlxnfx¿åf/f k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hnfO{ tLj| Pjd\ alnof] / nlIft ;~rf/sf] :yfkgf ug'{k5{ h;n] dlxnfx¿åf/f k'g:yf{kg Kofs]hnfO{ tLj| Pjd\ alnof] agfog / ;"rgfsf] vfnL 7fpF -cGt/fn_ eg]{ sfd ub{5 .agfog / ;"rgfsf] vfnL 7fpF -cGt/fn_ eg]{ sfd ub{5 .

cfjZos /fhgLlts, cfly{s / Joj:yfksLo ;xof]u k|fKt ug{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] a'emfOsf] cfwf/df cfjZos /fhgLlts, cfly{s / Joj:yfksLo ;xof]u k|fKt ug{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] a'emfOsf] cfwf/df •k'g:yf{kg ug{ n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntfsf] dfGotfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{ k5{ .k'g:yf{kg ug{ n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntfsf] dfGotfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{ k5{ .

4040

Ol/l6«of -@))@_ df lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / k'g:yf{kg -l8l8cf/_ df dlxnfn] v]ln/x]sf] ;sf/fTds Ol/l6«of -@))@_ df lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / k'g:yf{kg -l8l8cf/_ df dlxnfn] v]ln/x]sf] ;sf/fTds e"ldsfsf] 36gf ljj/0f Me"ldsfsf] 36gf ljj/0f M

Ol/l6«of / Oyf]lkof aLrsf] o'4df o'4lj/fd eof] . To;kl5 w]/} Ol/l6«og dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{ Ol/l6«of / Oyf]lkof aLrsf] o'4df o'4lj/fd eof] . To;kl5 w]/} Ol/l6«og dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{ •nfUof] ls pgLx¿sf] ;}Go ctLt / dlxnf ePsf] k"jf{u|xsf sf/0f unt 9+un] /f]huf/Lsf cj;/af6 nfUof] ls pgLx¿sf] ;}Go ctLt / dlxnf ePsf] k"jf{u|xsf sf/0f unt 9+un] /f]huf/Lsf cj;/af6 al~rt ul/of] . o'4sf sf/0f w]/} cbIf / :s'nsf] k9fO k"/f ug{ c;dy{ lyP .al~rt ul/of] . o'4sf sf/0f w]/} cbIf / :s'nsf] k9fO k"/f ug{ c;dy{ lyP .

kl/0ffd:j¿k, åGådf n8]sf ! xhf/ dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ ;Fu;Fu} cufl8 a9] / lgz:qLs/0f, kl/0ffd:j¿k, åGådf n8]sf ! xhf/ dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'x¿ ;Fu;Fu} cufl8 a9] / lgz:qLs/0f, •ckl/rfng / k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd cGtu{t k|To]snfO{ lbOPsf] k}:ff Psd':6 hDdf u/] . pgLx¿n] Tof] ckl/rfng / k'g:yf{kg sfo{qmd cGtu{t k|To]snfO{ lbOPsf] k}:ff Psd':6 hDdf u/] . pgLx¿n] Tof] k};f …afgfÚ gfdsf] cfkm\g} z]o/ sDkgLdf nufgL u/] . Tof] z]o/ sDkgLsf] k|d'v p2]Zo g} sDkgLsf k};f …afgfÚ gfdsf] cfkm\g} z]o/ sDkgLdf nufgL u/] . Tof] z]o/ sDkgLsf] k|d'v p2]Zo g} sDkgLsf dlxnf ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;'lglZrt /f]huf/L k|bfg ug'{ lyof] . afgfn] ;b:ox¿sf nflu tflndx¿ dlxnf ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;'lglZrt /f]huf/L k|bfg ug'{ lyof] . afgfn] ;b:ox¿sf nflu tflndx¿ ;+rfng u¥of] h'g vf;u/L :j/f]huf/sf If]qdf lyof] . dlxnfx¿nfO{ 6«s rnfpg], l;sdL{sf] sfd ;+rfng u¥of] h'g vf;u/L :j/f]huf/sf If]qdf lyof] . dlxnfx¿nfO{ 6«s rnfpg], l;sdL{sf] sfd ug]{, df5f k|zf]wg, ;"rgf k|ljlw / lgdf{0f Jofkf/ h:tf ljifodf tflnd lbOof] . afgfn] cfkm\g} df5f ug]{, df5f k|zf]wg, ;"rgf k|ljlw / lgdf{0f Jofkf/ h:tf ljifodf tflnd lbOof] . afgfn] cfkm\g} df5f ahf/sf] :yfkgf u¥of] / blIf0f sf]l/ofdf kmlg{r/ lgof{t ug]{ sfi7 sf/vfgf klg :yfkgf u¥of] .ahf/sf] :yfkgf u¥of] / blIf0f sf]l/ofdf kmlg{r/ lgof{t ug]{ sfi7 sf/vfgf klg :yfkgf u¥of] .



;fdu|L !%;fdu|L !%n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwdf ;fGble{s cGt/f{li6«o lg0f{o tyf ;Dd]ng -;+sNk_ n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwdf ;fGble{s cGt/f{li6«o lg0f{o tyf ;Dd]ng -;+sNk_ x¿sf] ;f/f+z x¿sf] ;f/f+z

!= cGt/f{li6«o gLlt / lg0f{ox¿ != cGt/f{li6«o gLlt / lg0f{ox¿

!=! ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% -@)))_ !=! ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% -@)))_

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% cS6f]j/ #!, @))) df kfl/t ePsf] lyof] . o'4df ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% cS6f]j/ #!, @))) df kfl/t ePsf] lyof] . o'4df •dlxnfsf] /Iff / åGåsf] lgjf/0f Pjd\ lbuf] zflGtdf dlxnfsf] of]ubfg tyf dlxnfdf åGåsf] k|efjsf dlxnfsf] /Iff / åGåsf] lgjf/0f Pjd\ lbuf] zflGtdf dlxnfsf] of]ubfg tyf dlxnfdf åGåsf] k|efjsf ;DaGwdf ljz]if¿kn] ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] of] g} klxnf] lg0f{o lyof] . ;DaGwdf ljz]if¿kn] ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] of] g} klxnf] lg0f{o lyof] . o;af/] lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nflu x]g"{xf];\ –<www.womenwarpeace.0rg/toolbox.hmt>o;af/] lj:t[t hfgsf/Lsf nflu x]g"{xf];\ –<www.womenwarpeace.0rg/toolbox.hmt>

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% rf/j6f cGt/ ;DalGwt ljifout If]qdf s]lGb|t !* a'Fb]] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% rf/j6f cGt/ ;DalGwt ljifout If]qdf s]lGb|t !* a'Fb]] •b:tfj]h xf] . tL rf/ ljifout If]q x'g\ –b:tfj]h xf] . tL rf/ ljifout If]q x'g\ –

!_ ;a} gLltlgdf{0f tx / zflGt k|lqmofdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf .!_ ;a} gLltlgdf{0f tx / zflGt k|lqmofdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf .

@_ zflGt :yfkgf sfo{df n}lËs tflnd @_ zflGt :yfkgf sfo{df n}lËs tflnd

#_ s]6L / dlxnfsf] clwsf/ /Iff#_ s]6L / dlxnfsf] clwsf/ /Iff

$_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3df l/kf]l6{ª / sfof{Gjog k|0ffnLdf d"nk|jfxLs/0f .$_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3df l/kf]l6{ª / sfof{Gjog k|0ffnLdf d"nk|jfxLs/0f .

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% n] åGå lgjf/0f, zflGt lgdf{0f / ;'/Iffdf n}lËs ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% n] åGå lgjf/0f, zflGt lgdf{0f / ;'/Iffdf n}lËs •d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf nflu ;/sf/af6 hjfkmb]lxtf ;'lglZrttfsf nflu gful/s ;dfhnfO{ d~r k|bfg d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf nflu ;/sf/af6 hjfkmb]lxtf ;'lglZrttfsf nflu gful/s ;dfhnfO{ d~r k|bfg ub{5 .ub{5 .

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% pb\3f]if u5{ M;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% pb\3f]if u5{ M •

åGåsf] /f]syfd, Joj:yfkg / lgjf/0fsf nflu gLlt lgdf{0fsf ;a} txdf dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] åGåsf] /f]syfd, Joj:yfkg / lgjf/0fsf nflu gLlt lgdf{0fsf ;a} txdf dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] •;dfg ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt u/ .;dfg ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt u/ .

gful/s ;dfhsf ;d"xx¿nfO{ zflGt k|lqmof, ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ / zflGt ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogdf gful/s ;dfhsf ;d"xx¿nfO{ zflGt k|lqmof, ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ / zflGt ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogdf •;+nUg u/ .;+nUg u/ .

dlxnfx¿sf] :yfgLo zflGt cleofgdf ;xof]u u/ .dlxnfx¿sf] :yfgLo zflGt cleofgdf ;xof]u u/ . •

/fli6«o, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx¿sf] gLlt lgdf{0fsf] ;a} txdf / åGåsf] /f]syfd, Joj:yfkg /fli6«o, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx¿sf] gLlt lgdf{0fsf] ;a} txdf / åGåsf] /f]syfd, Joj:yfkg •/ lgjf/0f ;+oGqdf dlxnf ;xeflutf a9fpm ./ lgjf/0f ;+oGqdf dlxnf ;xeflutf a9fpm .

åGåsf] ;do / åGå kZrft s]6L / dlxnfsf] clwsf/ /Iff ug{ cGt/f{li6«o dfgjtf / åGåsf] ;do / åGå kZrft s]6L / dlxnfsf] clwsf/ /Iff ug{ cGt/f{li6«o dfgjtf / •dfgjclwsf/ sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjog u/ .dfgjclwsf/ sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjog u/ .

n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf] b[li6sf]0f zflGt / ;'/Iffsf ;a} gLlt / sfo{x¿, lj:yflkt hgtf / n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf] b[li6sf]0f zflGt / ;'/Iffsf ;a} gLlt / sfo{x¿, lj:yflkt hgtf / •zflGt ;xof]usf sfo{x¿ nufotdf sfod u/ .zflGt ;xof]usf sfo{x¿ nufotdf sfod u/ .

åGåu|:tIf]qx¿df dlxnf ;'/Iffdf ;'wf/ u/ .åGåu|:tIf]qx¿df dlxnf ;'/Iffdf ;'wf/ u/ . •

dlxnf tyf s]6Lx¿sf] dfgj clwsf/, ljz]ifu/L ltgLx¿ ;DalGwt ;+ljwfg, r'gfj k|0ffnL, dlxnf tyf s]6Lx¿sf] dfgj clwsf/, ljz]ifu/L ltgLx¿ ;DalGwt ;+ljwfg, r'gfj k|0ffnL, •k|x/L / Gofokflnsfk|lt ;Ddfgsf] /Iff .k|x/L / Gofokflnsfk|lt ;Ddfgsf] /Iff .

k'¿if Pjd\ dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'sf ljleGg cfjZostfdf Wofg lbg lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / k'¿if Pjd\ dlxnf k"j{ n8fs'sf ljleGg cfjZostfdf Wofg lbg lgz:qLs/0f, ckl/rfng / •;dfof]hg sfo{of]hgfdf ;+nUgx¿nfO{ pT;flxt u/ .;dfof]hg sfo{of]hgfdf ;+nUgx¿nfO{ pT;flxt u/ .

!=@ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !*@), !***, !**( / !(^)!=@ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !*@), !***, !**( / !(^)

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{ox¿ !*@), !*** / !**( ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{ox¿ !*@), !*** / !**( ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf dlxnf, zflGt / ;'/Iff k|fjwfgsf lglDt lgld{t elugL lg0f{ox¿ x'g\ Msf dlxnf, zflGt / ;'/Iff k|fjwfgsf lglDt lgld{t elugL lg0f{ox¿ x'g\ M

4242

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !*@) -@))*_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !*@) -@))*_ •

o; lg0f{on] b08xLgtfsf] cGTosf] cfXjfg ub{5 . dfgjtf lj/f]wL / o'4 ck/fw nufot dlxnf o; lg0f{on] b08xLgtfsf] cGTosf] cfXjfg ub{5 . dfgjtf lj/f]wL / o'4 ck/fw nufot dlxnf •tyf s]6Lx¿sf lj¿4 of}ghGo lx+:ff;Fu ;DalGwt ck/fwLdfly sf/jfxL rnfpg lgb]{z u5{ .tyf s]6Lx¿sf lj¿4 of}ghGo lx+:ff;Fu ;DalGwt ck/fwLdfly sf/jfxL rnfpg lgb]{z u5{ .

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !*@) n] åGåsf] cj:yfdf x'g] anfTsf/ / of}ghGo lx+;fsf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !*@) n] åGåsf] cj:yfdf x'g] anfTsf/ / of}ghGo lx+;fsf •cGo ¿kx¿sf] lgGbf u5{, sfg'gtM anfTsf/nfO{ o'4 ck/fw dfGg] s'/f atfpF5, dfgj lj¿4sf] cGo ¿kx¿sf] lgGbf u5{, sfg'gtM anfTsf/nfO{ o'4 ck/fw dfGg] s'/f atfpF5, dfgj lj¿4sf] ck/fw 7fG5 / g/;+xf/nfO{ b08gLo dfg]em} b08gLo sfo{ dfG5 . lg0f{on] ;DalGwt ;b:o ck/fw 7fG5 / g/;+xf/nfO{ b08gLo dfg]em} b08gLo sfo{ dfG5 . lg0f{on] ;DalGwt ;b:o /fi6«nfO{ of}ghGo lx+;fsf kL8sdfly sf/jfxL rnfpg, of}ghGo lx+;fsf kLl8tnfO{ sfg'g / /fi6«nfO{ of}ghGo lx+;fsf kL8sdfly sf/jfxL rnfpg, of}ghGo lx+;fsf kLl8tnfO{ sfg'g / ;dfg Gofo tyf a/fa/ ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"t ug{ / of}ghGo lx+;fsf] b08xLgtfsf] cGTo ug{ ;dfg Gofo tyf a/fa/ ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"t ug{ / of}ghGo lx+;fsf] b08xLgtfsf] cGTo ug{ eGb5 .eGb5 .

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !*** -@))(_;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !*** -@))(_ •

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !*** ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !*@) df ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !*** ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !*@) df •cfwfl/t 5, n}lËs lx+;f;Fu ;DalGwt ljifok|lt ljz]if rf;f]sf ;fy cljnDj ljz]if1sf] cfwfl/t 5, n}lËs lx+;f;Fu ;DalGwt ljifok|lt ljz]if rf;f]sf ;fy cljnDj ljz]if1sf] ;d"xnfO{ sfddf k7fpg ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf dxf;ljrnfO{ cg'/f]w u5{ . o;n] dlxnf / ;d"xnfO{ sfddf k7fpg ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf dxf;ljrnfO{ cg'/f]w u5{ . o;n] dlxnf / afnaflnsf lj¿4sf] n}lËs lx+;f;Fu ;DalGwt åGånfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ k|of;nfO{ cl3 a9fpg afnaflnsf lj¿4sf] n}lËs lx+;f;Fu ;DalGwt åGånfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ k|of;nfO{ cl3 a9fpg / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] zflGt :yfkgf nIonfO{ ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf nflu tof/ kf/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] zflGt :yfkgf nIonfO{ ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf nflu tof/ kf/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf ljBdfg n}lËs lx+;f;Fu ;DalGwt hfgsf/Lsf nflu lgwf{l/t ;dosf nflu ljz]if k|ltlglwx¿sf] ljBdfg n}lËs lx+;f;Fu ;DalGwt hfgsf/Lsf nflu lgwf{l/t ;dosf nflu ljz]if k|ltlglwx¿sf] d2tsf] cfXjfg ub{5 .d2tsf] cfXjfg ub{5 .

;g\ @)!) df dfu{/]6 jfn:6«f]d ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;fsf ljz]if ;g\ @)!) df dfu{/]6 jfn:6«f]d ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;fsf ljz]if •k|ltlglwsf ¿kdf lgo'Qm eO{g\ . dfu{/]6n] eGbl5g\, æaGb'ssf] gfn zfGt ePsf] nfdf] ;do k|ltlglwsf ¿kdf lgo'Qm eO{g\ . dfu{/]6n] eGbl5g\, æaGb'ssf] gfn zfGt ePsf] nfdf] ;do eP klg, anfTsf/sf] kl/0ffd cem} afFls /lx/x]sf] 5Æ . pgn] clgjfo{ ¿kdf n}lËs lx+;f;Fu eP klg, anfTsf/sf] kl/0ffd cem} afFls /lx/x]sf] 5Æ . pgn] clgjfo{ ¿kdf n}lËs lx+;f;Fu ;DalGwt åGå ca c¿ ck|sflzt, c;Daf]lwt jf cb08gLo g/xf];\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ lglZrt ug{ ;DalGwt åGå ca c¿ ck|sflzt, c;Daf]lwt jf cb08gLo g/xf];\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ lglZrt ug{ hf]8 lbOg\ .hf]8 lbOg\ .

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !**( -@))(_;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !**( -@))(_ •

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !**( n] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !**( n] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf] •k|fjwfgsf] k'gk'{li6 ub}{ ;b:o /fi6«x¿n] pQm k|fjwfgsf] k|efjsf/L 9Ën] kfngf ug'{ h¿/L 5 k|fjwfgsf] k'gk'{li6 ub}{ ;b:o /fi6«x¿n] pQm k|fjwfgsf] k|efjsf/L 9Ën] kfngf ug'{ h¿/L 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ hf]8 lbof] . ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !**( n] dxf;lrjnfO{ pko'Qm eGg] s'/fnfO{ hf]8 lbof] . ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !**( n] dxf;lrjnfO{ pko'Qm k|lzIf0fåf/f /0fgLlt tof/ kf/L pgsf] cg'kl:yltdf /fd|f] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ dlxnfx¿sf] k|lzIf0fåf/f /0fgLlt tof/ kf/L pgsf] cg'kl:yltdf /fd|f] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ dlxnfx¿sf] lgo'lQm ;+Vof a9fpg] ;xdlt / pQm cjwf/0ffnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu ^ dlxgfleq lgo'lQm ;+Vof a9fpg] ;xdlt / pQm cjwf/0ffnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu ^ dlxgfleq dfu{;"rs ;d"xsf] u7g ug{ cfXjfg u/]sf] 5 .dfu{;"rs ;d"xsf] u7g ug{ cfXjfg u/]sf] 5 .

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !(^) -@)!)_;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !(^) -@)!)_ •

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !(^) b08xLgtfsf] lj/f]w ug{ ;+:yfut ;+;fwgsf] :yfkgf, ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !(^) b08xLgtfsf] lj/f]w ug{ ;+:yfut ;+;fwgsf] :yfkgf, •;+/If0f / åGådf n}lËs lx+;fsf] lgjf/0f ug{ rflxg] ljz]if sbdx¿sf] vfsf tof/ kfg]{ .;+/If0f / åGådf n}lËs lx+;fsf] lgjf/0f ug{ rflxg] ljz]if sbdx¿sf] vfsf tof/ kfg]{ .

dfly pNn]lvt ;Dk"0f{ lg0f{on] n}lËs tyf ;'/Iff, åGå / zflGtsf lgDg cjwf/0ffx¿ k|:t't u5{g\ Mdfly pNn]lvt ;Dk"0f{ lg0f{on] n}lËs tyf ;'/Iff, åGå / zflGtsf lgDg cjwf/0ffx¿ k|:t't u5{g\ M

!= ;Dk"0f{ txsf lg0f{osf nflu dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfsf] dfu .!= ;Dk"0f{ txsf lg0f{osf nflu dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfsf] dfu .

@= dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;fsf] lj/f]w . lsgeg] o;n] dlxnfsf] pGgltsf] lj/f]w ub}{ pgLx¿sf] cfl>t @= dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;fsf] lj/f]w . lsgeg] o;n] dlxnfsf] pGgltsf] lj/f]w ub}{ pgLx¿sf] cfl>t cj:yfnfO{ sfod /fVb5 .cj:yfnfO{ sfod /fVb5 .

#= dlxnf / k'¿ifsf nflu sfg'gL ¿kdf ;dfg clwsf/sf] dfu, sfg'gL ¿kdf dlxnf / s]6Lx¿sf] #= dlxnf / k'¿ifsf nflu sfg'gL ¿kdf ;dfg clwsf/sf] dfu, sfg'gL ¿kdf dlxnf / s]6Lx¿sf] ;'/Iff .;'/Iff .

$= n}lËs lx+;faf6 s]6Lx¿nfO{ hf]ufpgsf nflu ;'/Iff lgsfosf] Joj:yfsf] dfu .$= n}lËs lx+;faf6 s]6Lx¿nfO{ hf]ufpgsf nflu ;'/Iff lgsfosf] Joj:yfsf] dfu .

%= lgoldt k|0ffnLut kIfkftsf sf/0fn] dlxnf / s]6Lx¿n] ef]Ug] cg'ej / bjfa leGg x'g] tYo %= lgoldt k|0ffnLut kIfkftsf sf/0fn] dlxnf / s]6Lx¿n] ef]Ug] cg'ej / bjfa leGg x'g] tYo klxrfg ug]{ .klxrfg ug]{ .

^= /fhg}lts, sfg'gL / ;fdflhs lgoddf dlxnfx¿sf] cg'ej, cfjZostf / b[li6sf]0fnfO{ ^= /fhg}lts, sfg'gL / ;fdflhs lgoddf dlxnfx¿sf] cg'ej, cfjZostf / b[li6sf]0fnfO{ ;dfj]z u/L lgwf{l/t plrt tyf lbuf] zflGtsf] pknlAwsf] dfu .;dfj]z u/L lgwf{l/t plrt tyf lbuf] zflGtsf] pknlAwsf] dfu .

;fdfu|L !%;fdfu|L !%


!=# dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff -!($*_!=# dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff -!($*_

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dxf;efn] pNn]v u/] cg';f/ k|To]s JolQmn] cfkm\gf] :jtGqtf / clwsf/df /dfpg ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dxf;efn] pNn]v u/] cg';f/ k|To]s JolQmn] cfkm\gf] :jtGqtf / clwsf/df /dfpg …s'g} klg k|sf/sf] e]befj ljgfÚ -wf/f @_ / …sfg'gsf cufl8 ;a} ;dfg 5g\ / s'g} klg kIfkft ljgf …s'g} klg k|sf/sf] e]befj ljgfÚ -wf/f @_ / …sfg'gsf cufl8 ;a} ;dfg 5g\ / s'g} klg kIfkft ljgf sfg'gsf] ;dfg ¿kdf ;+/If0f ug{ kfpg' kb{5Ú -wf/f &_ .sfg'gsf] ;dfg ¿kdf ;+/If0f ug{ kfpg' kb{5Ú -wf/f &_ .

!=$ dlxnf lj¿4sf ;Dk"0f{ e]befj pGd'ngsf] ;Dd]ng M!=$ dlxnf lj¿4sf ;Dk"0f{ e]befj pGd'ngsf] ;Dd]ng M

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dxf;ef dlxnf lj¿4sf ;a} k|sf/sf e]befjsf] pGd'ng ;Dd]ngnfO{ ;g\ !(&( df ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dxf;ef dlxnf lj¿4sf ;a} k|sf/sf e]befjsf] pGd'ng ;Dd]ngnfO{ ;g\ !(&( df ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dxf;efn] :jLsf/ u¥of] . dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] ;dfgtfnfO{ cem} hf]8 lbb} / pgLx¿sf] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dxf;efn] :jLsf/ u¥of] . dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] ;dfgtfnfO{ cem} hf]8 lbb} / pgLx¿sf] :jtGqtf tyf dfgj clwsf/sf nflu ;dfg sfg'gL clwsf/sf cfwf/e"t l;4fGtdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 -wf/f :jtGqtf tyf dfgj clwsf/sf nflu ;dfg sfg'gL clwsf/sf cfwf/e"t l;4fGtdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 -wf/f !_ . pQm sfg'gL cfwf/ cg';f/ o;n] /fHo ;d"xx¿nfO{ pko'Qm sfg'g / c¿ ljwfg h:t} e]befjk"0f{ !_ . pQm sfg'gL cfwf/ cg';f/ o;n] /fHo ;d"xx¿nfO{ pko'Qm sfg'g / c¿ ljwfg h:t} e]befjk"0f{ /fli6«o b08fTds Jojwfgsf] vf/]h / dlxnfsf] xs–clwsf/nfO{ …;/sf/L gLlt agfpg / To;sf] /fli6«o b08fTds Jojwfgsf] vf/]h / dlxnfsf] xs–clwsf/nfO{ …;/sf/L gLlt agfpg / To;sf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;xeflutf / ;/sf/L sfof{nodf /xL x/]s txsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmdsf] lgjf{xÚ sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;xeflutf / ;/sf/L sfof{nodf /xL x/]s txsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmdsf] lgjf{xÚ ug{ hf]8 lbOof] -wf/f & _ . /f]huf/Lsf] ;dfg cj;/ / kfl/>lds klg pQm ;Dd]ngsf k|lta4tf x'g\ .ug{ hf]8 lbOof] -wf/f & _ . /f]huf/Lsf] ;dfg cj;/ / kfl/>lds klg pQm ;Dd]ngsf k|lta4tf x'g\ .

!=% ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dxf;efåf/f dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;f lgjf/0f ug]{ 3f]if0ffsf] ;dy{g !=% ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dxf;efåf/f dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;f lgjf/0f ug]{ 3f]if0ffsf] ;dy{g -!((#_-!((#_

of] dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ klxnf] Psdfq lj:t[t tyf e/kbf]{ cGt/f{li6«o dfgj of] dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ klxnf] Psdfq lj:t[t tyf e/kbf]{ cGt/f{li6«o dfgj •clwsf/ ;DaGwL lgb]{zg xf] .clwsf/ ;DaGwL lgb]{zg xf] .

o;n] dlxnfsf] dfgj clwsf/df Iflt ug]{, cf3ft k'¥ofpg], sdhf]/ ug]{ / pNn+3g ul/Psf o;n] dlxnfsf] dfgj clwsf/df Iflt ug]{, cf3ft k'¥ofpg], sdhf]/ ug]{ / pNn+3g ul/Psf •36gfx¿df /Iff ug]{ / pgLx¿sf] cfwf/e"t :jtGqtfnfO{ pNn]vgLo ¿kdf ;dy{g ub{5 .36gfx¿df /Iff ug]{ / pgLx¿sf] cfwf/e"t :jtGqtfnfO{ pNn]vgLo ¿kdf ;dy{g ub{5 .

o; sfg'g kfl/t x'g eGbf klxn] ;/sf/n] o:tf dlxnf ;DaGwL lx+;fnfO{ JolQm ljz]ifsf] cToGt o; sfg'g kfl/t x'g eGbf klxn] ;/sf/n] o:tf dlxnf ;DaGwL lx+;fnfO{ JolQm ljz]ifsf] cToGt •lghL dfldnf hfx]/ ub}{ Jofks dfgj clwsf/sf] ;d:of gePsf] x'Fbf b]zsf] x:tIf]k grflxg] lghL dfldnf hfx]/ ub}{ Jofks dfgj clwsf/sf] ;d:of gePsf] x'Fbf b]zsf] x:tIf]k grflxg] atfPsf] lyof] .atfPsf] lyof] .

n}lËs leGgtfsf cfwf/df x'g] b'Jo{jxf/nfO{ pQm 3f]if0ffn] o;/L kl/eflift u/]sf] 5, æs'g} klg n}lËs leGgtfsf cfwf/df x'g] b'Jo{jxf/nfO{ pQm 3f]if0ffn] o;/L kl/eflift u/]sf] 5, æs'g} klg •sfo{x¿ h:fn] n}lËs leGgtfsf cfwf/df x'g] b'Jo{jxf/af6 dlxnfn] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s kL8f jxg sfo{x¿ h:fn] n}lËs leGgtfsf cfwf/df x'g] b'Jo{jxf/af6 dlxnfn] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s kL8f jxg ug{ jfWo x'G5g\ cyjf of}g b'Jo{jxf/af6 x'g] c;/ jf To:t} k|sf/sf] c¿ kl/0ffd h:t} 8/, wfs ug{ jfWo x'G5g\ cyjf of}g b'Jo{jxf/af6 x'g] c;/ jf To:t} k|sf/sf] c¿ kl/0ffd h:t} 8/, wfs wDsL, hjh{:tL jf lghL jf ;fj{hlgs hLjgdf :jtGqtf jl~rt x'g] 36gfx¿Æ .wDsL, hjh{:tL jf lghL jf ;fj{hlgs hLjgdf :jtGqtf jl~rt x'g] 36gfx¿Æ .

of] kl/efiffnfO{ 3f]if0ffsf] wf/f @ n] lj:tf/ u/]sf] 5 h;n] ;fwf/0ftof lx+;f tLg lsl;dn] 36\5 of] kl/efiffnfO{ 3f]if0ffsf] wf/f @ n] lj:tf/ u/]sf] 5 h;n] ;fwf/0ftof lx+;f tLg lsl;dn] 36\5 •eGg] s'/f kQf nufPsf] 5 MeGg] s'/f kQf nufPsf] 5 M

vt/gfs lx+;fTds xdnf nufot kl/jf/df 36\g] zf/Ll/s, n}lËs / dfgl;s lx+;f, 3/kl/jf/df vt/gfs lx+;fTds xdnf nufot kl/jf/df 36\g] zf/Ll/s, n}lËs / dfgl;s lx+;f, 3/kl/jf/df ◦aflnsfx¿dfly x'g] of}g b'Jo{jxf/, bfOhf] ;DaGwL lx+;f, j}jflxs anfTsf/, dlxnfx¿sf] of}lgs aflnsfx¿dfly x'g] of}g b'Jo{jxf/, bfOhf] ;DaGwL lx+;f, j}jflxs anfTsf/, dlxnfx¿sf] of}lgs cËsf] 5]bg / dlxnfx¿sf nflu si6s/ k/Dk/fut k|yf, ;Gtfg gePsfn] lx+;f / zf]if0f cËsf] 5]bg / dlxnfx¿sf nflu si6s/ k/Dk/fut k|yf, ;Gtfg gePsfn] lx+;f / zf]if0f ;DaGwL lx+;f .;DaGwL lx+;f .

cfd ;dfhdf 36\g] zf/Ll/s, n}lËs / dfgl;s lx+;f h:t} anfTsf/, of}g b'Jo{jxf/, n}lËs kL8f cfd ;dfhdf 36\g] zf/Ll/s, n}lËs / dfgl;s lx+;f h:t} anfTsf/, of}g b'Jo{jxf/, n}lËs kL8f ◦/ sfof{no, z}lIfs ;+:yf jf cGo 7fpFx¿df hjh{:tL, dlxnfx¿sf] cj}w Jofkf/ / ank"j{s / sfof{no, z}lIfs ;+:yf jf cGo 7fpFx¿df hjh{:tL, dlxnfx¿sf] cj}w Jofkf/ / ank"j{s j]Zofj[lQ .j]Zofj[lQ .

/fHoåf/f zf/Ll/s, n}lËs tyf dfgl;s lx+;fsf] ck/fw jf dfkmL, cfjZostf cg';f/ ./fHoåf/f zf/Ll/s, n}lËs tyf dfgl;s lx+;fsf] ck/fw jf dfkmL, cfjZostf cg';f/ . ◦

4444

!=^ a]Olhª 3f]if0ff / sfo{d~r -!((%_!=^ a]Olhª 3f]if0ff / sfo{d~r -!((%_

a]Olhª 3f]if0ff / sfo{d~rnfO{ dlxnf cGtu{tsf] k|ltj4tfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ xltof/ xf] eg]/ rf}yf] ljZj a]Olhª 3f]if0ff / sfo{d~rnfO{ dlxnf cGtu{tsf] k|ltj4tfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ xltof/ xf] eg]/ rf}yf] ljZj ;efn] ;dy{g u¥of] . o;n] :ki6 ¿kdf rf;f]sf !@ If]qnfO{ s]lGb|t u¥of] / cGt/f{li6«o Goflos lgsfodf ;efn] ;dy{g u¥of] . o;n] :ki6 ¿kdf rf;f]sf !@ If]qnfO{ s]lGb|t u¥of] / cGt/f{li6«o Goflos lgsfodf n}lËs ;Gt'ngsf] dfu / zflGt :yfksx¿nfO{n}lËs ;Gt'ngsf] dfu / zflGt :yfksx¿nfO{#(#( n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntfsf] k|lzIf0f k|bfg u¥of] . @))% df n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntfsf] k|lzIf0f k|bfg u¥of] . @))% df dlxnf cfof]usf] cfXjfgdf -a]Olhª ± !)_ rf;f]sf !@ If]qsf] k|ult / a]Olhª sfo{d~rsf] sfof{Gjogsf] dlxnf cfof]usf] cfXjfgdf -a]Olhª ± !)_ rf;f]sf !@ If]qsf] k|ult / a]Olhª sfo{d~rsf] sfof{Gjogsf] a[xb\ k'g/fjnf]sg u¥of] . pQm d~rsf] k|ltj4tfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ / a[xb\ dfqfdf cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u a[xb\ k'g/fjnf]sg u¥of] . pQm d~rsf] k|ltj4tfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ / a[xb\ dfqfdf cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u pknAw ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf dx;'; u¥of] . pknAw ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf dx;'; u¥of] .

!=& dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u -dfr{ $, !(($ df ckgfOPsf wf/0ff !(($÷!((%_!=& dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u -dfr{ $, !(($ df ckgfOPsf wf/0ff !(($÷!((%_

dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;f / To;sf] sf/0f tyf kl/0ffdsf nflu ljz]if k|ltj]bssf] lgo'lQm,dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;f / To;sf] sf/0f tyf kl/0ffdsf nflu ljz]if k|ltj]bssf] lgo'lQm, •

ljz]if k|ltj]bssf] lgb]{z lgDg s'/fdf Mljz]if k|ltj]bssf] lgb]{z lgDg s'/fdf M •

dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;fsf] sf/0f tyf kl/0ffdsf] af/]df hfgsf/L ;/sf/, ;]jf cfof]u, ljz]if dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;fsf] sf/0f tyf kl/0ffdsf] af/]df hfgsf/L ;/sf/, ;]jf cfof]u, ljz]if ◦lgsfo / cGt/;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿;Fu ;+sng ug]{ / pQm hfgsf/LnfO{ k|efjsf/L lgsfo / cGt/;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿;Fu ;+sng ug]{ / pQm hfgsf/LnfO{ k|efjsf/L 9+uaf6 k|ltlqmof lbg] .9+uaf6 k|ltlqmof lbg] .

dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;fnfO{ / To;sf sf/0fnfO{ lgSof]{n ug{ / o;sf kl/0ffdnfO{ ;'wfg{ /fli6«o, dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;fnfO{ / To;sf sf/0fnfO{ lgSof]{n ug{ / o;sf kl/0ffdnfO{ ;'wfg{ /fli6«o, ◦If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o txdf pkfo, dfu{ tyf ;fwg af/]df ;'emfj lbg] .If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o txdf pkfo, dfu{ tyf ;fwg af/]df ;'emfj lbg] .

dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf ljz]if k|ltj]bsx¿;Fu, ljz]if k|ltlglwx¿;Fu sfo{/t ;d"x tyf dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf ljz]if k|ltj]bsx¿;Fu, ljz]if k|ltlglwx¿;Fu sfo{/t ;d"x tyf ◦:jtGq ljz]if1x¿;Fu lgs6 ¿kdf sfd ug]{ .:jtGq ljz]if1x¿;Fu lgs6 ¿kdf sfd ug]{ .

!=* n}lËs tyf ;'/Iff ;DaGwL c¿ cGt/f{li6«o 3f]if0ff, ;Dd]ng / lg0f{o M!=* n}lËs tyf ;'/Iff ;DaGwL c¿ cGt/f{li6«o 3f]if0ff, ;Dd]ng / lg0f{o M

dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff, !($*dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff, !($* •

leogfsf] 3f]if0ff / sfo{of]hgf, !((#leogfsf] 3f]if0ff / sfo{of]hgf, !((# •

dlxnf lj¿4sf x/]s k|sf/sf e]befj x6fpg] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dlxnf lj¿4sf ;Dk"0f{ e]befj dlxnf lj¿4sf x/]s k|sf/sf e]befj x6fpg] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dlxnf lj¿4sf ;Dk"0f{ e]befj •pGd'ngsf] ;Dd]ng .pGd'ngsf] ;Dd]ng .

oftgf tyf c¿ qm"/, cdfgjLo cyjf b'Jo{jxf/ cyjf oftgfsf lj¿4 ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dxf;ef oftgf tyf c¿ qm"/, cdfgjLo cyjf b'Jo{jxf/ cyjf oftgfsf lj¿4 ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] dxf;ef •-!(*$_ .-!(*$_ .

cfsl:ds tyf ;z:q åGådf dlxnf / afnaflnsfsf] ;'/Iff !(&$ sf af/]df ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] cfsl:ds tyf ;z:q åGådf dlxnf / afnaflnsfsf] ;'/Iff !(&$ sf af/]df ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] •3f]if0ff ##!* .3f]if0ff ##!* .

gful/ssf] ;z:q åGåsf a]nf ;'/Iffsf] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] k|:tfj !((( .gful/ssf] ;z:q åGåsf a]nf ;'/Iffsf] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] k|:tfj !((( . •

!(&% cGt/f{li6«o zflGt tyf ;'/Iffdf an k'¥ofpgsf] nflu dlxnf ;xeflutf, ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 !(&% cGt/f{li6«o zflGt tyf ;'/Iffdf an k'¥ofpgsf] nflu dlxnf ;xeflutf, ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 •dxf;efsf] k|:tfj #%!( .dxf;efsf] k|:tfj #%!( .

a]Olhª 3f]if0ff / sfo{d~r, cWofo ªM dlxnf tyf ;z:q åGå, !((% .a]Olhª 3f]if0ff / sfo{d~r, cWofo ªM dlxnf tyf ;z:q åGå, !((% . •

cGt/f{li6«o ck/fwL cbfntsf nflu /f]dsf] P]g, !((* .cGt/f{li6«o ck/fwL cbfntsf nflu /f]dsf] P]g, !((* . •

h]g]ef, dlxnf lj¿4sf ;Dk"0f{ e]befj pGd'ngsf] ;Dd]ng tyf yk s"6g}lts lzi6frf/sf] clen]v h]g]ef, dlxnf lj¿4sf ;Dk"0f{ e]befj pGd'ngsf] ;Dd]ng tyf yk s"6g}lts lzi6frf/sf] clen]v •!($(, !((& .!($(, !((& .

dfgj clwsf/ tyf cfwf/e"t :jtGqtfsf] ;'/Iffsf nflu o'/f]lkog ;Dd]ng , !(%) .dfgj clwsf/ tyf cfwf/e"t :jtGqtfsf] ;'/Iffsf nflu o'/f]lkog ;Dd]ng , !(%) . •

n}lËs leGgtfsf] PsLs/0fsf] ljsf;sf nflu o'/f]k]nL kl/ifbsf] 3f]if0ff, !((% .n}lËs leGgtfsf] PsLs/0fsf] ljsf;sf nflu o'/f]k]nL kl/ifbsf] 3f]if0ff, !((% . •

z/0ffyL{sf] cj:yf ;DaGwL h]g]ef ;Dd]ngsf] cfj]bgdfly o'/f]k]nL ;+;bsf] 3f]if0ff, !(*$ .z/0ffyL{sf] cj:yf ;DaGwL h]g]ef ;Dd]ngsf] cfj]bgdfly o'/f]k]nL ;+;bsf] 3f]if0ff, !(*$ . •

#(#( Bastick M and Valasek K (eds), Gender and Security Sector Reform Toolkit, (DCAF, OSCE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW, 2008), < Bastick M and Valasek K (eds), Gender and Security Sector Reform Toolkit, (DCAF, OSCE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW, 2008), <

www.dcaf.ch/gssrtoolkit>.www.dcaf.ch/gssrtoolkit>.



o'/f]k]nL ;+;bsf] dlxnfdfly x'g] anfTsf/sf] k|frLg o'uf]:nfleofdf 3f]if0ff, -@_, !((@, !((# .o'/f]k]nL ;+;bsf] dlxnfdfly x'g] anfTsf/sf] k|frLg o'uf]:nfleofdf 3f]if0ff, -@_, !((@, !((# . •

n}lËs leGgtf ;DaGwL dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g / af]l:gofdf anfTsf/nfO{ o'4 ck/fwsf] ¿kdf n}lËs leGgtf ;DaGwL dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g / af]l:gofdf anfTsf/nfO{ o'4 ck/fwsf] ¿kdf •;fh{hlgs ;'g'jfOsf] b:tfj]hsf] kl/0ffd .;fh{hlgs ;'g'jfOsf] b:tfj]hsf] kl/0ffd .

@= /fli6«o gLlt@= /fli6«o gLlt

@=! ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% / !*@) sf] g]kfnsf] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf @=! ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% / !*@) sf] g]kfnsf] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] k|ltj4tf ug]{ blIf0f ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] k|ltj4tf ug]{ blIf0f Pl;ofs} klxnf] /fi6« g]kfn xf] . g]kfnsf] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf tnsf kfFr cfwf/ / p2]Zodf lgld{t ePsf] xf] MPl;ofs} klxnf] /fi6« g]kfn xf] . g]kfnsf] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf tnsf kfFr cfwf/ / p2]Zodf lgld{t ePsf] xf] M

;xeflutf M x/]s k|sf/sf lg0f{o lng], åGåsf] ¿kfGt/0f / zflGt ofqfdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf ;xeflutf M x/]s k|sf/sf lg0f{o lng], åGåsf] ¿kfGt/0f / zflGt ofqfdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf •;'lglZrt ug]{ .;'lglZrt ug]{ .

;'/Iff tyf /f]syfd M dlxnf / s]6Lx¿sf] clwsf/sf] ;'/Iffsf] ;'lglZrttf / åGå kZrftsf] ;dodf ;'/Iff tyf /f]syfd M dlxnf / s]6Lx¿sf] clwsf/sf] ;'/Iffsf] ;'lglZrttf / åGå kZrftsf] ;dodf •pQm clwsf/sf] pNn+3g x'gaf6 /f]syfd .pQm clwsf/sf] pNn+3g x'gaf6 /f]syfd .

k|j4{g M dlxnf / s]6Lx¿sf] ljBdfg n}lËs cjwf/0ffsf] d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf] x/]s b[li6sf]0fsf] åGå k|j4{g M dlxnf / s]6Lx¿sf] ljBdfg n}lËs cjwf/0ffsf] d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf] x/]s b[li6sf]0fsf] åGå •lgjf/0f, ;dfwfg / zflGt :yfkgf ug{sf nflu ;dy{g .lgjf/0f, ;dfwfg / zflGt :yfkgf ug{sf nflu ;dy{g .

p4f/ tyf k'gk|f{lKt M ljz]if cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ / dlxnf tyf s]6Lx¿sf] p4f/ tyf p4f/ tyf k'gk|f{lKt M ljz]if cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ / dlxnf tyf s]6Lx¿sf] p4f/ tyf •k'gk|f{lKtsf] lgdf{0f Pjd\ sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrttf .k'gk|f{lKtsf] lgdf{0f Pjd\ sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrttf .

;|f]t Joj:yfkg / lg/LIf0f tyf d"NofËg M lg/LIf0f tyf d"NofËsgnfO{ ;+:yfut agfpg] / /fli6«o ;|f]t Joj:yfkg / lg/LIf0f tyf d"NofËg M lg/LIf0f tyf d"NofËsgnfO{ ;+:yfut agfpg] / /fli6«o •sfo{of]hgfnfO{ lhDd]jf/ JolQmx¿sf] ;xeflutf tyf ;dGjodf cfjZos ;|f]tx¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf sfo{of]hgfnfO{ lhDd]jf/ JolQmx¿sf] ;xeflutf tyf ;dGjodf cfjZos ;|f]tx¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;'lglZr ug]{ .nflu ;'lglZr ug]{ .

x/]s cfwf/ tyf ;fwf/0f p2]Zosf] tbg'¿ksf] /0fg}lts p2]Zo, ljz]if lqmofsnfk, ;f]r cg';f/sf] kl/0ffd x/]s cfwf/ tyf ;fwf/0f p2]Zosf] tbg'¿ksf] /0fg}lts p2]Zo, ljz]if lqmofsnfk, ;f]r cg';f/sf] kl/0ffd / ;"rs 5g\ . /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfn] lhDd]jf/ stf{ tyf x/]s lqmofsnfksf nflu ;dosf] ¿k/]vfsf] / ;"rs 5g\ . /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfn] lhDd]jf/ stf{ tyf x/]s lqmofsnfksf nflu ;dosf] ¿k/]vfsf] klxrfg ub{5 .klxrfg ub{5 .

g]kfnsf] /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] lg/LIf0f tyf d"NofËg k4ltn] tnsf k|ult ;"rs ;dfj]z ub{5 Mg]kfnsf] /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] lg/LIf0f tyf d"NofËg k4ltn] tnsf k|ult ;"rs ;dfj]z ub{5 M

:yfgLo zflGt ;ldltsf] ;+VofTds ¿kdf :yfkgf .:yfgLo zflGt ;ldltsf] ;+VofTds ¿kdf :yfkgf . •

:yfgLo zflGt ;ldltdf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof .:yfgLo zflGt ;ldltdf dlxnfsf] ;+Vof . •

:yfgLo zflGt ;ldltsf] n}lËs ljifonfO{ ;Daf]wg .:yfgLo zflGt ;ldltsf] n}lËs ljifonfO{ ;Daf]wg . •

n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;fsf] lgjf/0f, o'4lj/fd tyf zflGt Pjd\ ;Demf}tf / hjfkmb]lxtfsf nflu n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;fsf] lgjf/0f, o'4lj/fd tyf zflGt Pjd\ ;Demf}tf / hjfkmb]lxtfsf nflu •;+VofTds ¿kdf ljz]if k|fjwfg .;+VofTds ¿kdf ljz]if k|fjwfg .

n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f, zflGt tyf o'4lj/fdsf] ;Demf}tfsf] lg/LIf0f .n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f, zflGt tyf o'4lj/fdsf] ;Demf}tfsf] lg/LIf0f . •

n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo 36gfx¿ 36fpg' .n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo 36gfx¿ 36fpg' . •

g]kfndf /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu sf] lhDd]jf/ 5 <g]kfndf /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu sf] lhDd]jf/ 5 <

zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfnosf ;x;lrj -xfnsf ;fw'/fd ;fksf]6f_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfnosf ;x;lrj -xfnsf ;fw'/fd ;fksf]6f_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf] pRr:t/Lo lg0ff{os ;ldltsf] ;ldltsf ;b:o ;lrj x'g\ / ;/sf/L :t/df /fli6«o sfo{ lg0f{o !#@% sf] pRr:t/Lo lg0ff{os ;ldltsf] ;ldltsf ;b:o ;lrj x'g\ / ;/sf/L :t/df /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu lhDd]jf/ 5g\ .of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu lhDd]jf/ 5g\ .

@=@ 3/]n' lx+;f -b08 tyf ;hfo_ P]g, ;g\ @))(@=@ 3/]n' lx+;f -b08 tyf ;hfo_ P]g, ;g\ @))(

g]kfndf 3/]n' lx+;f ljw]os d] @))( af6 nfu' ePsf] xf]] .g]kfndf 3/]n' lx+;f ljw]os d] @))( af6 nfu' ePsf] xf]] . •

3/]n' lx+;f -b08 ;hfo_ P]g ;g\ @))( df nfu' ePsf] xf] . of] P]gn] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, of}ghGo, 3/]n' lx+;f -b08 ;hfo_ P]g ;g\ @))( df nfu' ePsf] xf] . of] P]gn] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, of}ghGo, •cfly{s nufot Jojxf/k|ltsf] lx+;fnfO{ g} 3/]n' lx+;fsf] ¿kdf kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 .cfly{s nufot Jojxf/k|ltsf] lx+;fnfO{ g} 3/]n' lx+;fsf] ¿kdf kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 .

4646

P]gn] kL8snfO{ rf/ dlxgf;Dd s}b / ^ xhf/ ¿lkofF hl/jfgf ug]{ / kL8ssf ;xof]uL jf P]gn] kL8snfO{ rf/ dlxgf;Dd s}b / ^ xhf/ ¿lkofF hl/jfgf ug]{ / kL8ssf ;xof]uL jf •dltof/nfO{ # xhf/ hl/jfgf ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . kLl8t zf/Ll/s jf dgf]j}1flgs 3fOt] /x]sf] dltof/nfO{ # xhf/ hl/jfgf ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . kLl8t zf/Ll/s jf dgf]j}1flgs 3fOt] /x]sf] cj:yfdf kL8sn] ;Dk"0f{ pkrf/ vr{ Joxf]g'{ kg]{ Joj:yf klg P]gn] u/]sf] 5 .cj:yfdf kL8sn] ;Dk"0f{ pkrf/ vr{ Joxf]g'{ kg]{ Joj:yf klg P]gn] u/]sf] 5 .

3/]n' lx+;fsf 36gfdf g]kfn k|x/LnfO{ dWo:ytfsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] k|fjwfgsf] Joj:yf P]gn] 3/]n' lx+;fsf 36gfdf g]kfn k|x/LnfO{ dWo:ytfsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] k|fjwfgsf] Joj:yf P]gn] •u/]sf] 5 .u/]sf] 5 .

P]gsf] sfof{Gjogdf sf] lhDd]jf/ 5 <P]gsf] sfof{Gjogdf sf] lhDd]jf/ 5 <

;a} ;/sf/L lgsfo tyf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ pQm lgod÷P]gsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lhDd]jf/ 5g\ – ljz]iftM ;a} ;/sf/L lgsfo tyf ;'/Iff lgsfox¿ pQm lgod÷P]gsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lhDd]jf/ 5g\ – ljz]iftM dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno, g]kfn k|x/Lsf] sf/fuf/df /x]sf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf .dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno, g]kfn k|x/Lsf] sf/fuf/df /x]sf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf .

#= g]kfnsf n}lËs tyf ;'/Iff ;DaGwL sf]z]9'ª\ufx¿ #= g]kfnsf n}lËs tyf ;'/Iff ;DaGwL sf]z]9'ª\ufx¿

!((( :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, :yfgLo ;/sf/df dlxnfsf] clgjfo{ k|ltlglwTjsf] z¿jft .!((( :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, :yfgLo ;/sf/df dlxnfsf] clgjfo{ k|ltlglwTjsf] z¿jft . •

!((( afnaflnsfsf] cj}w cf];f/–k;f/ / of}g b'Jo{jxf/sf] Jofkf/Ls/0fsf] lj¿4 /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgf !((( afnaflnsfsf] cj}w cf];f/–k;f/ / of}g b'Jo{jxf/sf] Jofkf/Ls/0fsf] lj¿4 /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgf •sfg'gsf] :jLs[lt .sfg'gsf] :jLs[lt .

@))) ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] lg0f{o !#@% sf] sfo{gLlt ckgfpg' .@))) ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] lg0f{o !#@% sf] sfo{gLlt ckgfpg' . •

@))@ /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u@))@ /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u •

@))# dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;fnfO{ dlxnf lj¿4sf ;Dk"0f{ e]befj pGd'ngsf] ;Dd]ng k|ltj]bg, @))# dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;fnfO{ dlxnf lj¿4sf ;Dk"0f{ e]befj pGd'ngsf] ;Dd]ng k|ltj]bg, •g]kfnsf] ;Daf]wg .g]kfnsf] ;Daf]wg .

@))# 3/]n' lx+;fnfO{ cj}w dfGg] sfg'gsf] d:of}bf tof/ -kfl/t x'g afFsL /x]sf]_@))# 3/]n' lx+;fnfO{ cj}w dfGg] sfg'gsf] d:of}bf tof/ -kfl/t x'g afFsL /x]sf]_ •

@))$ d'n'sL P]gsf] P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wg . dlxnfnfO{ ;DklQsf] clwsf/, lgjf{x eQfsf] clwsf/, @))$ d'n'sL P]gsf] P3f/f}+ ;+zf]wg . dlxnfnfO{ ;DklQsf] clwsf/, lgjf{x eQfsf] clwsf/, •ue{ktgsf] clwsf/, bQs u|x0f clwsf/, anfTsf/ dfldnfdf ;hfo, ljjfx pd]/ k'gjxfnL .ue{ktgsf] clwsf/, bQs u|x0f clwsf/, anfTsf/ dfldnfdf ;hfo, ljjfx pd]/ k'gjxfnL .

@))^ dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;f ;DaGwL sfg'gsf] d:of}bf dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f @))^ dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;f ;DaGwL sfg'gsf] d:of}bf dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f •dGqfnoåf/f tof/– clxn];Dd kfl/t ePsf] 5}g -@)!! df _dGqfnoåf/f tof/– clxn];Dd kfl/t ePsf] 5}g -@)!! df _

@))^ n}lËs ;dfgtf ljw]os ;+zf]wg u/L n}lËs ;dfgtfnfO{ clej[l4 ug{ k|:tfj kfl/t . cfdfsf] @))^ n}lËs ;dfgtf ljw]os ;+zf]wg u/L n}lËs ;dfgtfnfO{ clej[l4 ug{ k|:tfj kfl/t . cfdfsf] •gfddf gful/stf kfpg] k|fjwfg, anfTsf/sf] kl/efiffdf j}jflxs anfTsf/ / Tof] g} dlxnfsf] gfddf gful/stf kfpg] k|fjwfg, anfTsf/sf] kl/efiffdf j}jflxs anfTsf/ / Tof] g} dlxnfsf] kf/kfr's]sf] nflu k[i7e"ld, kf/kfr's]kl5 afnaflnsf cleefjsaf6 alGrt x'g] k|fjwfgsf] vf/]hL, kf/kfr's]sf] nflu k[i7e"ld, kf/kfr's]kl5 afnaflnsf cleefjsaf6 alGrt x'g] k|fjwfgsf] vf/]hL, ;fgf afnaflnsfsf] cleefjsTjsf] klxnf] clwsf/ cfdfnfO{, s'g} klg dlxnfnfO{ ank"j{s ue{ktg ;fgf afnaflnsfsf] cleefjsTjsf] klxnf] clwsf/ cfdfnfO{, s'g} klg dlxnfnfO{ ank"j{s ue{ktg u/fpg] sfo{df ;xefuL ePdf sf/jfxLsf] Dofb yk, hjh{:tL jf cg'lrt k|efj, hUuf ;DaGwL P]gdf u/fpg] sfo{df ;xefuL ePdf sf/jfxLsf] Dofb yk, hjh{:tL jf cg'lrt k|efj, hUuf ;DaGwL P]gdf kl/jf/sL 5f]/LnfO{ klg ;dfj]z ug]{ .kl/jf/sL 5f]/LnfO{ klg ;dfj]z ug]{ .

@))* ;+ljwfg ;efdf ## k|ltzt dlxnfsf] pDd]bjf/L . rf/hgf ;/sf/L dlxnf dGqLsf] lgo'lQm .@))* ;+ljwfg ;efdf ## k|ltzt dlxnfsf] pDd]bjf/L . rf/hgf ;/sf/L dlxnf dGqLsf] lgo'lQm . •

@))( 3/]n' lx+;f -b08 ;hfo_ P]g – 3/]n' lx+;fdf dWo:ystf{sf] dxfg e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ gLltsf] @))( 3/]n' lx+;f -b08 ;hfo_ P]g – 3/]n' lx+;fdf dWo:ystf{sf] dxfg e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ gLltsf] •k|fjwfg, hl/jfgf tyf sf/fuf/ ck/fwL tyf ;xof]u stf{sf nflu .k|fjwfg, hl/jfgf tyf sf/fuf/ ck/fwL tyf ;xof]u stf{sf nflu .

@)!! ;/sf/af6 ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf] g]kfnsf] /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] @)!! ;/sf/af6 ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf] g]kfnsf] /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] •kfngf .kfngf .


$= dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;fnfO{ ck/flws sfo{sf ¿kdf lnO{ $= dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;fnfO{ ck/flws sfo{sf ¿kdf lnO{ rflnPsf sbdx¿df cGo b]zsf pbfx/0fx¿rflnPsf sbdx¿df cGo b]zsf pbfx/0fx¿

xfnsf jif{x¿df s]xL b]zn] dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;fsf] lgod–sfg'gnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ dxTjk"0f{ sbdx¿ rfn]sf xfnsf jif{x¿df s]xL b]zn] dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;fsf] lgod–sfg'gnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ dxTjk"0f{ sbdx¿ rfn]sf 5g\ . h:t} M5g\ . h:t} M

h'nfO{ !((! df d]lS;sf]n] anfTsf/ ;DaGwL lgodnfO{ ljljw / dxTjk"0f{ 9Ën] k'gk{/LIf0f u¥of] . h'nfO{ !((! df d]lS;sf]n] anfTsf/ ;DaGwL lgodnfO{ ljljw / dxTjk"0f{ 9Ën] k'gk{/LIf0f u¥of] . •gfafnssf] anfTsf/ kZrft cleof]u 5Ngsf nflu ljjfxsf] dGh'/L lbFbf ;xdlt hgfpg] k|fjwfgsf] gfafnssf] anfTsf/ kZrft cleof]u 5Ngsf nflu ljjfxsf] dGh'/L lbFbf ;xdlt hgfpg] k|fjwfgsf] vf/]hL . kfFr sfo{lbgdf ue{ktg ;DaGwL lg0f{osf] x:tIf]k ug{ ca GofofwLzsf] cfjZostf .vf/]hL . kfFr sfo{lbgdf ue{ktg ;DaGwL lg0f{osf] x:tIf]k ug{ ca GofofwLzsf] cfjZostf .

h'g (, !(($ df cd]l/sg /fHosf ;+:yfx¿n] dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;fnfO{ /f]Sg, b08 lbg / pGd'ng h'g (, !(($ df cd]l/sg /fHosf ;+:yfx¿n] dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;fnfO{ /f]Sg, b08 lbg / pGd'ng •ug{ cGt/cd]l/sL ;Dd]ngsf] kfngf u/] -j]n]d lb kf/fsf] ;Dd]ng klg elgG5_, of] Ps cGt/f{li6«o ug{ cGt/cd]l/sL ;Dd]ngsf] kfngf u/] -j]n]d lb kf/fsf] ;Dd]ng klg elgG5_, of] Ps cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gL xltof/sf] ¿kdf :yflkt eof] h;n] n}lËs lx+;f dfgj clwsf/sf] lgGbgLo sfo{sf ¿kdf sfg'gL xltof/sf] ¿kdf :yflkt eof] h;n] n}lËs lx+;f dfgj clwsf/sf] lgGbgLo sfo{sf ¿kdf klxrfg u¥of] . pQm ;Dd]ngn] JolQmut oflrsfsf] clwsf/ / dfgj clwsf/sf nflu cGt/cd]l/sL klxrfg u¥of] . pQm ;Dd]ngn] JolQmut oflrsfsf] clwsf/ / dfgj clwsf/sf nflu cGt/cd]l/sL cfof]u cGtu{t u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] ph'/L bflvn ug{ kfpg' kg]{ clwsf/ k|bfg u¥of] .cfof]u cGtu{t u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] ph'/L bflvn ug{ kfpg' kg]{ clwsf/ k|bfg u¥of] .

c:6«]lnofdf dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;f ;DaGwL ;ldltsf] :yfkgf eof] . h;n] /fli6«o :t/df gLlt tyf c:6«]lnofdf dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;f ;DaGwL ;ldltsf] :yfkgf eof] . h;n] /fli6«o :t/df gLlt tyf •sfg'g k|jt{gsf] ljsf; / dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;fsf af/]df ;fd'bflos lzIffsf] ;+of]hg ub{5 .sfg'g k|jt{gsf] ljsf; / dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;fsf af/]df ;fd'bflos lzIffsf] ;+of]hg ub{5 .

!((! df Sofg]l8og ;/sf/n] kfl/jfl/s lx+;f ;DaGwL rf/ jifL{o 3f]if0ff u¥of] h;sf] clek|fo !((! df Sofg]l8og ;/sf/n] kfl/jfl/s lx+;f ;DaGwL rf/ jifL{o 3f]if0ff u¥of] h;sf] clek|fo •;fd'bflos sfo{sf] g]t[Tj h'6fpg], Sofg]l8og sfg'gL Joj:yfnfO{ alnof] kfg]{, Og'Ot / Ol08og ;fd'bflos sfo{sf] g]t[Tj h'6fpg], Sofg]l8og sfg'gL Joj:yfnfO{ alnof] kfg]{, Og'Ot / Ol08og ;d'bfox¿sf] cf/If0f hu]gf{ ug{ gf]s/Lsf] Joj:yf, lkl8tx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;|f]tsf] ljsf; ug]{, ;d'bfox¿sf] cf/If0f hu]gf{ ug{ gf]s/Lsf] Joj:yf, lkl8tx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;|f]tsf] ljsf; ug]{, lk8sx¿nfO{ /f]Sg] / kLl8t dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/ k|bfg ug]{ nufotsf sfg'gL Joj:yf lk8sx¿nfO{ /f]Sg] / kLl8t dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/ k|bfg ug]{ nufotsf sfg'gL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .u/]sf] 5 .

6sL{df /fHo dGqfnosf] :yfkgf eof] h;sf] ljz]if p2]Zo eg]sf] c¿ ;dIf dlxnfsf] clwsf/sf] 6sL{df /fHo dGqfnosf] :yfkgf eof] h;sf] ljz]if p2]Zo eg]sf] c¿ ;dIf dlxnfsf] clwsf/sf] •;dy{g ug]{ / ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts / ;f+:s[lts hLjgdf pgLx¿sf] e"ldsf alnof] kfg]{ xf] . dlxnf ;dy{g ug]{ / ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts / ;f+:s[lts hLjgdf pgLx¿sf] e"ldsf alnof] kfg]{ xf] . dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;f lgd'{n kfg{ sfg'gL pkfox¿ ckgfOof] . lx+;f;DaGwL ;'g'jfO{ ug{ ljz]if cbfntsf] lj¿4sf] lx+;f lgd'{n kfg{ sfg'gL pkfox¿ ckgfOof] . lx+;f;DaGwL ;'g'jfO{ ug{ ljz]if cbfntsf] :yfkgf ul/of] . kLl8t dlxnfsf] dfgl;s pkrf/sf] Joj:yfsf of]hgf nufot b]zJofkL ¿kdf :yfkgf ul/of] . kLl8t dlxnfsf] dfgl;s pkrf/sf] Joj:yfsf of]hgf nufot b]zJofkL ¿kdf dlxnf jf;:yfgsf] :yfkgf klg ul/of] . lx+;faf6 kLl8t JolQmx¿nfO{ ljz]if tflnd lnPsf dlxnf dlxnf jf;:yfgsf] :yfkgf klg ul/of] . lx+;faf6 kLl8t JolQmx¿nfO{ ljz]if tflnd lnPsf dlxnf k|x/Lx¿n] ;xfotf k|bfg ug{ ;S5g\ .k|x/Lx¿n] ;xfotf k|bfg ug{ ;S5g\ .

s'g} s'g} b]zdf bDkltx¿ ljrsf] df/kL6 /f]syfdsf nflu ljz]if tflndo'Qm k|x/L ansf] :yfkgf s'g} s'g} b]zdf bDkltx¿ ljrsf] df/kL6 /f]syfdsf nflu ljz]if tflndo'Qm k|x/L ansf] :yfkgf •ul/Psf] 5 . a|flhndf dlxnf ljifo nufot 3/]n' lx+;fdf sfo{ ug{ ljz]if k|x/L rf}sLsf] of]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . a|flhndf dlxnf ljifo nufot 3/]n' lx+;fdf sfo{ ug{ ljz]if k|x/L rf}sLsf] of]hgf agfOPsf] 5 . pQm k|x/L rf}sLx¿df ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf dlxnf sd{rf/Lx¿ /flvPsf] 5 .agfOPsf] 5 . pQm k|x/L rf}sLx¿df ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf dlxnf sd{rf/Lx¿ /flvPsf] 5 .


4848

;fdu|L !^;fdu|L !^k|:tfj !#@% / !*@) ;DalGw /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] ;fGble{s c+zx¿k|:tfj !#@% / !*@) ;DalGw /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] ;fGble{s c+zx¿$)$)

&=!= kl/efiff M&=!= kl/efiff M

ljifo jf k;|Ën] csf{] cy{ gnfud]f o; sfo{of]hgfdf Mljifo jf k;|Ën] csf{] cy{ gnfud]f o; sfo{of]hgfdf M

-s_ æ;z:q åGåÆ eGgfn] ;+jt\ @)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! ut]b]lv @)^# ;fn d+l;/ % ut];Dd /fHo kIf / -s_ æ;z:q åGåÆ eGgfn] ;+jt\ @)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! ut]b]lv @)^# ;fn d+l;/ % ut];Dd /fHo kIf / tTsfnLg g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ePsf] ;z:q åGå ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] lj:t[t tTsfnLg g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ePsf] ;z:q åGå ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfkl5 b]zsf ljleGg efudf ljleGg ;d"xåf/f ;~rfng ePsf ;z:qultljlwnfO{ ;d]t zflGt ;Demf}tfkl5 b]zsf ljleGg efudf ljleGg ;d"xåf/f ;~rfng ePsf ;z:qultljlwnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .hgfpF5 .

-v_ æk"j{ n8fs' dlxnfÆ eGgfn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo ld;gaf6 k|df0fLs/0f eO{ c:yfoL lzlj/df /x]sf -v_ æk"j{ n8fs' dlxnfÆ eGgfn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo ld;gaf6 k|df0fLs/0f eO{ c:yfoL lzlj/df /x]sf dlxnf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] k|df0fLs/0faf6 of]Uo g7xl/O{ jlxu{dg ePsf dlxnf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] k|df0fLs/0faf6 of]Uo g7xl/O{ jlxu{dg ePsf dlxnfnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .dlxnfnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .

-u_ æaflnsfÆ eGgfn] c7f/ jif{sf] pd]/ k'/f gu/]sf aflnsf ;Demg' k5{ .-u_ æaflnsfÆ eGgfn] c7f/ jif{sf] pd]/ k'/f gu/]sf aflnsf ;Demg' k5{ .

-3_ æåGå k|efljt dlxnf jf aflnsfÆ eGgfn] xfn h'g;'s} cj:yfdf /x]sf eP tfklg ;z:q åGåsf -3_ æåGå k|efljt dlxnf jf aflnsfÆ eGgfn] xfn h'g;'s} cj:yfdf /x]sf eP tfklg ;z:q åGåsf qmddf jf To;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k b]xfosf] cj:yfdf /x]sf dlxnf jf aflnsf ;Demg' k5{ Mqmddf jf To;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k b]xfosf] cj:yfdf /x]sf dlxnf jf aflnsf ;Demg' k5{ M

-!_ cfkm\gf] yftynf]af6 lj:yflkt dlxnf jf aflnsf,-!_ cfkm\gf] yftynf]af6 lj:yflkt dlxnf jf aflnsf,

-@_ Psn dlxnf,-@_ Psn dlxnf,

-#_ af?bL ;'?ª jf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ lj:kmf]6g ePsf], xltof/sf] k|of]u jf cGo sf/0fn] cfˆgf] klt -#_ af?bL ;'?ª jf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ lj:kmf]6g ePsf], xltof/sf] k|of]u jf cGo sf/0fn] cfˆgf] klt jf cleefjs jf cfkm} 3fOt] jf cËeË jf ckfËtf ePsf dlxnf jf aflnsf,jf cleefjs jf cfkm} 3fOt] jf cËeË jf ckfËtf ePsf dlxnf jf aflnsf,

-$_ klt jf cleefjs jf kl/jf/af6 la5f]8 ePsf dlxnf jf aflnsf,-$_ klt jf cleefjs jf kl/jf/af6 la5f]8 ePsf dlxnf jf aflnsf,

-%_ c:yfoL lzlj/leq jf aflx/ /x]sf ue{jtL, ;'Ts]/L jf gfafns aRrf ;fydf ePsf k"j{ n8fs' -%_ c:yfoL lzlj/leq jf aflx/ /x]sf ue{jtL, ;'Ts]/L jf gfafns aRrf ;fydf ePsf k"j{ n8fs' dlxnf jf aflnsf,dlxnf jf aflnsf,

-^_ dfgl;s ?kdf kLl8t dlxnf jf aflnsf,-^_ dfgl;s ?kdf kLl8t dlxnf jf aflnsf,

-&_ cfkm' cWoog/t ljBfno sAhf ePsf] jf 8/ jf qf;sf] l:ylt ;[hgf ePsf] jf lzIfsx¿ -&_ cfkm' cWoog/t ljBfno sAhf ePsf] jf 8/ jf qf;sf] l:ylt ;[hgf ePsf] jf lzIfsx¿ lj:yflkt ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ cWoog ug{ gkfPsf dlxnf jf aflnsf,lj:yflkt ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ cWoog ug{ gkfPsf dlxnf jf aflnsf,

-*_ of}g zf]if0fdf k/]sf jf ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] 36gfaf6 kLl8t ePsf dlxnf jf aflnsf,-*_ of}g zf]if0fdf k/]sf jf ha/h:tL s/0fLsf] 36gfaf6 kLl8t ePsf dlxnf jf aflnsf,

-(_ of}g zf]if0f jf ha/h:tL s/0fL ul/Psf sf/0faf6 ue{wf/0f ug{ jf jRrf hGdfpg jf -(_ of}g zf]if0f jf ha/h:tL s/0fL ul/Psf sf/0faf6 ue{wf/0f ug{ jf jRrf hGdfpg jf hj/h:tL ue{ ktg u/fpg jfWo ePsf dlxnf jf aflnsf,hj/h:tL ue{ ktg u/fpg jfWo ePsf dlxnf jf aflnsf,

-!)_ ;'/Iff kmf}h jf ;z:q ;d"x;Fu cfa4 ePsf] jf To:tf] kmf}h jf ;d"xnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] -!)_ ;'/Iff kmf}h jf ;z:q ;d"x;Fu cfa4 ePsf] jf To:tf] kmf}h jf ;d"xnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] cfzÍfdf sf/afxLdf k/]sf dlxnf jf aflnsf,cfzÍfdf sf/afxLdf k/]sf dlxnf jf aflnsf,

-!!_ lx/f;tdf k/]sf jf s}bsf] ;hfo ef]u]sf jf s}bdf /x]sf dlxnf jf aflnsf,-!!_ lx/f;tdf k/]sf jf s}bsf] ;hfo ef]u]sf jf s}bdf /x]sf dlxnf jf aflnsf,

-!@_ ;'/Iff u[x jf afn ;'wf/ u[xdf /x]sf dlxnf jf aflnsf,-!@_ ;'/Iff u[x jf afn ;'wf/ u[xdf /x]sf dlxnf jf aflnsf,

-!#_ s'g} cleof]udf cbfntdf d'2f btf{ ePsf aflnsf,-!#_ s'g} cleof]udf cbfntdf d'2f btf{ ePsf aflnsf,

-!$_ ckx/0fdf k/]sf jf j]kQf kfl/Psf dlxnf tyf aflnsf jf ckx/0fdf k/]sf jf j]kQf -!$_ ckx/0fdf k/]sf jf j]kQf kfl/Psf dlxnf tyf aflnsf jf ckx/0fdf k/]sf jf j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf kl/jf/sf dlxnf tyf aflnsf .kfl/Psf JolQmsf kl/jf/sf dlxnf tyf aflnsf .

;fdfu|L !^;fdfu|L !^

$)$) GoN, MoPR, Draft copy of relevant parts of the Nepal National Action Plan on United Nations Security CouncilGoN, MoPR, Draft copy of relevant parts of the Nepal National Action Plan on United Nations Security Council

Resolutions 1325 and 1820, (01 February 2011). Resolutions 1325 and 1820, (01 February 2011).


-ª_ æk'gM:yfkg Pjd\ k'gMPsLs/0fÆ eGgfn] ;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt dlxnf jf aflnsfsf] xs lxt -ª_ æk'gM:yfkg Pjd\ k'gMPsLs/0fÆ eGgfn] ;z:q åGåaf6 k|efljt dlxnf jf aflnsfsf] xs lxt ;+/If0fsf nflu kl/jf/ jf ;dfhdf k'gM:yflkt u/fO{ pknAw cj;/x¿ pkof]u ug{ ;Sg] / cy{k"0f{ ;+/If0fsf nflu kl/jf/ jf ;dfhdf k'gM:yflkt u/fO{ pknAw cj;/x¿ pkof]u ug{ ;Sg] / cy{k"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;Ifd agfpg] sfo{nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;Ifd agfpg] sfo{nfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .

-r_ æk/fdz{ ;]jf s]Gb|Æ eGgfn] n}lËs tyf of}g lx+;f jf hf]lvddf k/]sf jf kg{ ;Sg] dlxnf jf -r_ æk/fdz{ ;]jf s]Gb|Æ eGgfn] n}lËs tyf of}g lx+;f jf hf]lvddf k/]sf jf kg{ ;Sg] dlxnf jf aflnsfnfO{ cfjZos k/fdz{, ;"rgf tyf l;kmfl/; h:tf ;]jfx? pknJw u/fpg ;/sf/L Pjd\ u}/ aflnsfnfO{ cfjZos k/fdz{, ;"rgf tyf l;kmfl/; h:tf ;]jfx? pknJw u/fpg ;/sf/L Pjd\ u}/ ;/sf/L If]qaf6 :yflkt k/fdz{ ;]jf s]Gb| ;Demg' k5{ .;/sf/L If]qaf6 :yflkt k/fdz{ ;]jf s]Gb| ;Demg' k5{ .

-5_ ædlxnf jf aflnsfsf] ljz]if cfjZostfÆ eGgfn] dlxnfsf] dlxgfjf/L, ue{wf/0f, ;'Ts]/L h:tf ljz]if -5_ ædlxnf jf aflnsfsf] ljz]if cfjZostfÆ eGgfn] dlxnfsf] dlxgfjf/L, ue{wf/0f, ;'Ts]/L h:tf ljz]if h}ljs tyf k|hgg e"ldsfsf] cj:yf / ;f] cj:yfnfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{] vfgkfg, :ofxf/ ;;'f/, plrt h}ljs tyf k|hgg e"ldsfsf] cj:yf / ;f] cj:yfnfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{] vfgkfg, :ofxf/ ;;'f/, plrt vfg] j:g] 7fFp, zf}rfno tyf cf}ifwL pkrf/sf] Joj:yf h:tf ljz]if cfjZostf ;Demg' k5{ .vfg] j:g] 7fFp, zf}rfno tyf cf}ifwL pkrf/sf] Joj:yf h:tf ljz]if cfjZostf ;Demg' k5{ .

-h_ ædlxnf d}qLÆ eGgfn] dlxnfn] ;]jf k|bfos lgsfodf lg;+sf]r ?kdf cfkm\gf efjgf k|:t't ug{ ;Sg] -h_ ædlxnf d}qLÆ eGgfn] dlxnfn] ;]jf k|bfos lgsfodf lg;+sf]r ?kdf cfkm\gf efjgf k|:t't ug{ ;Sg] u/L jf ;"rgf, ;]jf jf ;'ljwf ;xh ?kn] k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] u/L dlxnfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ Wofg lbO{ u/L jf ;"rgf, ;]jf jf ;'ljwf ;xh ?kn] k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] u/L dlxnfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ Wofg lbO{ tof/ ul/Psf] ;fj{hlgs ;'ljwf ;lxtsf] pko'Qm jftfj/0f ;Demg' k5{ .tof/ ul/Psf] ;fj{hlgs ;'ljwf ;lxtsf] pko'Qm jftfj/0f ;Demg' k5{ .

-em_ æof}g lx+;fÆ eGgfn] dlxnf / aflnsfsf] rfxgf ljk/Lt ul/g] s'g}klg lsl;dsf] of}g hGo Jojxf/ -em_ æof}g lx+;fÆ eGgfn] dlxnf / aflnsfsf] rfxgf ljk/Lt ul/g] s'g}klg lsl;dsf] of}g hGo Jojxf/ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn ]hjh:{tL ofg} lqmof ug{]ko|f;, OR5f ljk/Lt clZnn zAbsf] k|of]u jf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn ]hjh:{tL ofg} lqmof ug{]ko|f;, OR5f ljk/Lt clZnn zAbsf] k|of]u jf Jojxf/, of}g sfo{sf nflu j]rljvg ug]{ k|of; jf s'g}klg JolQmsf] of}lgstfsf] lj?4 ul/g] sfo{ Jojxf/, of}g sfo{sf nflu j]rljvg ug]{ k|of; jf s'g}klg JolQmsf] of}lgstfsf] lj?4 ul/g] sfo{ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .

&=@ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf ;dGjo / ;xsfo{M&=@ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf ;dGjo / ;xsfo{M

/fli6«o sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ;/sf/L lgsfo, ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/, bft[ lgsfo, /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ;/sf/L lgsfo, ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/, bft[ lgsfo, cGt/fli6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / gful/s ;dfh;u+ ;xsfo{ xF'b} cfPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfdf cGt/fli6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / gful/s ;dfh;u+ ;xsfo{ xF'b} cfPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u k|ToIf?kdf 5nkmn u/L ltgLx?sf] /fo ;'emfj k|fKt ug{ / :jfldTjaf]w u/fpg ;xh ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u k|ToIf?kdf 5nkmn u/L ltgLx?sf] /fo ;'emfj k|fKt ug{ / :jfldTjaf]w u/fpg ;xh ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf dlxnf, zflGt / ;'/Iffsf] ljifonfO{ k|efjsf/L 9Ën] sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg plNnlvt ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf dlxnf, zflGt / ;'/Iffsf] ljifonfO{ k|efjsf/L 9Ën] sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg plNnlvt ;d'bfo;+usf] ;xsfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg cfjZos 5 . ;d'bfo;+usf] ;xsfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg cfjZos 5 .

/fli6«o sfo{of]hgfsf] lgdf{0fsf qmddf ;xsfo{ ug]{ ;/sf/L lgsfo, ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/, bft[ lgsfo, /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfsf] lgdf{0fsf qmddf ;xsfo{ ug]{ ;/sf/L lgsfo, ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/, bft[ lgsfo, cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / gful/s ;dfhsf] pRr sb/ ub{} o;sf] sfofG{jogsf] txdf cem al9 cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / gful/s ;dfhsf] pRr sb/ ub{} o;sf] sfofG{jogsf] txdf cem al9 ;xof]u, ;dGjo / ;xsfo{sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] ck]Iff u/]sf] 5 .;xof]u, ;dGjo / ;xsfo{sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] ck]Iff u/]sf] 5 .

&=# /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfsf] sfo{tflnsf &=# /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfsf] sfo{tflnsf (Matrix) (Matrix) M

g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, ;'/Iff kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t k|:tfj g+= !#@% / !*@) sf] sfof{Gjogsf g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, ;'/Iff kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t k|:tfj g+= !#@% / !*@) sf] sfof{Gjogsf ;DaGwdf cfufdL kfFr jif{ -@)^&÷^*–@)&!÷&@_ sf nflu /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L nfu" ul/Psf] ;DaGwdf cfufdL kfFr jif{ -@)^&÷^*–@)&!÷&@_ sf nflu /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . o; sfo{of]hgfsf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] nIo tyf p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 M5 . o; sfo{of]hgfsf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] nIo tyf p2]Zo /x]sf] 5 M

nIoM bLuf] zflGt tyf Gofok"0f{ ;dfhsf] ;l'glZrttf ug{] .nIoM bLuf] zflGt tyf Gofok"0f{ ;dfhsf] ;l'glZrttf ug{] . •

p2]ZoM åGå ?kfGt/0f tyf zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmofsf] ;Dk"0f{ kIfdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts / cy{k"0f{ p2]ZoM åGå ?kfGt/0f tyf zflGt lgdf{0f k|lqmofsf] ;Dk"0f{ kIfdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts / cy{k"0f{ •;xeflutf tyf ;'/Iffsf] k"0f{ k|Tofel"t ug{] .;xeflutf tyf ;'/Iffsf] k"0f{ k|Tofel"t ug{] .

plNnlvt nIo tyf p2]Zo k|flKtsf] nflu sfo{of]hgfnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf If]q -:tDe_ df ljefhg plNnlvt nIo tyf p2]Zo k|flKtsf] nflu sfo{of]hgfnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf If]q -:tDe_ df ljefhg •u/L ;f] cGtu{t If]qut p2]Zo, /0fgLlts p2]Zo tyf sfo{qmdx? k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . ;xeflutf, u/L ;f] cGtu{t If]qut p2]Zo, /0fgLlts p2]Zo tyf sfo{qmdx? k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . ;xeflutf, ;'/Iff / /f]syfd, k|j4{g, /fxt tyf k'gMk|flKt, ;|f]t Joj:yfkg, cg'udg tyf d"NofËsg k|:tfljt ;'/Iff / /f]syfd, k|j4{g, /fxt tyf k'gMk|flKt, ;|f]t Joj:yfkg, cg'udg tyf d"NofËsg k|:tfljt sfo{qmdx?sf] ck]lIft kl/0ffd, ;"rs, sfofG{jog ug{] lhDdj]f/ lgsfo Pjd\ ;xof]uL lgsfox? / sfo{qmdx?sf] ck]lIft kl/0ffd, ;"rs, sfofG{jog ug{] lhDdj]f/ lgsfo Pjd\ ;xof]uL lgsfox? / sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug{ nfUg] ;do lgDg sfo{tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{qmd ;DkGg ug{ nfUg] ;do lgDg sfo{tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

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;]jf s

]Gb|sf] ;+Vo

f .

;]jf s

]Gb|sf] ;+Vo

f .

u[x

dGq

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u[x

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•

zflGt t

yf k'g

lg{df{0f

zflGt t

yf k'g

lg{df{0f

•

dGq

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u}/

;/s

f/L ;+:y

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;/s

f/L ;+:y

f •

klxn

f] ji

f{ b]lv

klxn

f] ji

f{ b]lv

% ji

f%

jif

#= å

Gå t

yf ;+qmd0f

#= å

Gå t

yf ;+qmd0f

sfn

df ePs

f sfn

df ePs

f n}lËs t

yf

n}lËs t

yf

of}gh

Go lx+;

fsf]

of}gh

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fsf]

ljifo

nfO{ ;

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g ljifo

nfO{ ;

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g u/Lb0

8lxgt

fsf]

u/Lb0

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cGTo

ug{]

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.

!= z

flGt ;

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fx¿df n}lËs

!= z

flGt ;

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fx¿df n}lËs

tyf of

}ghGo

lx+;

f ;Da

GwL

tyf of

}ghGo

lx+;

f ;Da

GwL

ljifo

nfO{ ;

Daf]w

g ug{]

.ljifo

nfO{ ;

Daf]w

g ug{]

.

o'4 lj/

fd t

yf zflGt

o'4 lj/

fd t

yf zflGt

•

;De

mf}tfx¿df n}lËs t

yf of

}g ;De

mf}tfx¿df n}lËs t

yf of

}g hGo

lx+;

fnfO{ ;

Djf]w

g eO{

hGo

lx+;

fnfO{ ;

Djf]w

g eO{

b08lxgt

fsf] cGToe

Psf] x'g

]5 .

b08lxgt

fsf] cGToe

Psf] x'g

]5 .

o'4 lj/

fd t

yf zflGt

o'4 lj/

fd t

yf zflGt

•

;De

mf}tfx¿df n}lËs t

yf

;De

mf}tfx¿df n}lËs t

yf

of}gh

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f;Dj

f]wg

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f nflu

of

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lx+;

f;Dj

f]wg

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f nflu

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j:yf ePs

f k|fjw

fg .

Joj:

yf ePs

f k|fjw

fg .

k|wfg

dGq

L tyf

k|wfg

dGq

L tyf

•

dlGq

kl/ifb\sf] sfo

f{no

dlGq

kl/ifb\sf] sfo

f{no

zflGt t

yf k'g

lg{df{0f dGq

fno

zflGt t

yf k'g

lg{df{0f dGq

fno

•

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t k

Ifx?

åGå/

t k

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•

gful/s ;

dfh

gful/s ;

dfh

•

u}/

;/s

f/L;

+:yf

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+:yf

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klxn

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b]lv

klxn

f]jif{

b]lv

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%jif{

@= z

flGt ;

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f ubf{ h

jh{:t

L @= z

flGt ;

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f ubf{ h

jh{:t

L s/0

fL tyf hjh

{:tL

s/0

fL tyf hjh

{:tL

s/0

fLsf] pBf]u

sf 36g

f s/0

fLsf] pBf]u

sf 36g

f ;Da

GwL ljifo

nfO{ c

fddfkmL

;Da

GwL ljifo

nfO{ c

fddfkmL

glbg

] k|fjwf

g ;dfj]z u

g{] .

glbg

] k|fjwf

g ;dfj]z u

g{] .

zflGt ;

Demf}t

fx?d

f hjh

{:tL

zflGt ;

Demf}t

fx?d

f hjh

{:tL

•

s/0

fL tyf hjh

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fLsf]

s/0

fL tyf hjh

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pBf]u

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fddfkmL

pBf]u

sf 36g

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fddfkmL

leq

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{] k|fjwf

g /x

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] le

q gk

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g /x

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] 5 .

5 .

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o'4 lj/

fd t

yf zflGt

•

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mf}tfx¿df ;dfj]z u

l/Ps

f ;De

mf}tfx¿df ;dfj]z u

l/Ps

f n}lËs t

yf of

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GwL

n}lËs t

yf of

}g lx+;f ;Da

GwL

k|fjw

fg .

k|fjw

fg .

n}lËs t

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yf of

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f •

36g

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.

u[x

dGq

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•

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sfg

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•

zflGt t

yf k'g

lg{df{0f dGq

fno

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yf k'g

lg{df{0f dGq

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•

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t k

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t k

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•

gful/s ;

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•

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+:yf

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+:yf

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klxn

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klxn

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b]lv

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%jif{

$ ;

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k0f tyf

$ ;

To lg?

k0f tyf

d]nld

nfk c

fof]u

d]nld

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ug{]

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ug{]

.

!= ;

To lg?

k0f tyf d]nld

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!= ;

To lg?

k0f tyf d]nld

nfk

cfo

f]u u

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cfjZo

s

cfo

f]u u

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cfjZo

s

k'jf{w

f/ lgd

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.k'j

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.

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lg?

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;To

lg?

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nfk

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f]u u

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fzLn

cfo

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]5 .

ePs

f] x'g

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n}lËs t

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/ b

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dfly

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k|lqmof

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tn] k

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k|wfg

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•

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o •

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%= ;

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lx+;fs

f] ljifo

df

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.

!= ;

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!= ;

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] .

g]kfn

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.

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yf

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;'/I

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GwL lbO{P

sf]

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*@)

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sf]

k|lzIf0fsf] ;+Vo

f .

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f .

zflGt t

yf k'g

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;/s

f/L ;+:y

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;/s

f/L ;+:y

f •

klxn

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f]jif{

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f{%

jif{

@= g

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;z:q

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;z:q

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ld

;gx

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m ld

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« ;+3, ;'/I

ff kl/ifb\af

6 kfl/t k

|:tfj g

+= !#

@% /

kfl/t k

|:tfj g

+= !#

@% /

!*

@) ;

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Lk|lz

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] !*

@) ;

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] sfo

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f lbg]

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f lbg]

.

ZfflGt ;

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fg] g

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fg] g

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•

k|x/L, ;z:q

k|x/

L jn

k|x

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k|x/

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m /fi6

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m /fi6

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ff kl/ifb\af

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@% /

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sf] k|lzIf0f t

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f .

;xe

fuL ;+Vo

f .

zflGt t

yf k'g

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klxn

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f{%

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5454&=#=#= k

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&=#=#= k

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mot

ion)

(Pro

mot

ion)

p2]Z

oM d

lxnf /

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sfs

f] clwsf/sf] ka

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g{] /

åGå

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f{0f k|lqmof

sf] ;a}

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r/0

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yf

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t d

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t d

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t d

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t d

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6 klf/t k

|:tfj

kl/ifb\af

6 klf/t k

|:tfj

g+= !

#@%

/ !*

@) t

yf ;f]

g+= !

#@%

/ !*

@) t

yf ;f]

;+u ;

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t d

lxnf dfg

j ;+u ;

DalGw

t d

lxnf dfg

j clwsf/ ;

DaGw

L cGt

/f{li6

«o clwsf/ ;

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L cGt

/f{li6

«o b:

tfj]hx¿

nfO{ k

|d'v :yfg

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b:tfj]hx¿

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|d'v :yfg

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efiffd

f cg'j

fbu/L ljleGg

efiffd

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;+rf/ d

fWodaf

6 k|r

f/k|;

f/

;+rf/ d

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6 k|r

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f/

ug{]

.ug{]

.

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t b

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t b

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k|d'v :yfg

Lo

•

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fn]

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fn]

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u/]s

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u/]s

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.

cg'j

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cg'j

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•

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;~r

flnt s

fo{qmd ;

+Vof .

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•

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•

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klxn

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b]lv

klxn

f]jif{

b]lv

% ji

f{%

jif{

$= ljBfn

o:t/b

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} kf7\oq

md

$= ljBfn

o:t/b

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} kf7\oq

md

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cgf

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/ /

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•

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•

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%= å

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t d

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%= å

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t d

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f .

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t d

lxnf tyf

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t d

lxnf tyf

•

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ul/g]

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.

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k|:tfj g

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@% /

!*@)

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tfj g

+= !#

@% /

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cle

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•

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] ;fd

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ff kl/ifb\af

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+= !#

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tfj g

+= !#

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]5g\

.

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tyf

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t ;

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f] ;+Vo

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t ;

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f] ;+Vo

f .

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;~r

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] dxT

j .

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nfO{ lbg

] dxT

j .

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•

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klxn

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klxn

f]jif{

b]lv

% ji

f{%

jif{



&= /

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&= /

fxt t

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f/bz

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.

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tx¿

n] /

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t

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g+= !

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6060

*= /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog*= /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog

k|:t't sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ b]xfocg';f/ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 Mk|:t't sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ b]xfocg';f/ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 M

*=! zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfno, dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno Pjd\ sfo{qmd *=! zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfno, dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno Pjd\ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{] lhDdj]f/ lgsfo / ;xof]uL lgsfox?;+usf] ;dGjodf sfoq{mdx¿ thd'{f Pjd\ sfof{Gjog ug{] lhDdj]f/ lgsfo / ;xof]uL lgsfox?;+usf] ;dGjodf sfoq{mdx¿ thd'{f Pjd\ sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . sfoq{md thd'{f ubf{ åGåaf6 k|efljt dlxnf tyf aflnsfsf] nflu t'?Gt sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . sfoq{md thd'{f ubf{ åGåaf6 k|efljt dlxnf tyf aflnsfsf] nflu t'?Gt cfjZos /fxt k|bfg ug{] lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .cfjZos /fxt k|bfg ug{] lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

*=@ s]Gb|Lo:t/df dGqfno, ljefu tyf lhNnf:t/df lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] *=@ s]Gb|Lo:t/df dGqfno, ljefu tyf lhNnf:t/df lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no, lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, 3/]n' sfof{no, dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{no, lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no, lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; sfof{no÷;ldlt, lhNnfl:yt ;'/Iff lgsfo, lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; sfof{no÷;ldlt, lhNnfl:yt ;'/Iff lgsfo, lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt tyf cGo lgsfox?;+usf] ;xsfo{df sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . oL sfof{Gjog lgsfox?sf] Ifdtf tyf cGo lgsfox?;+usf] ;xsfo{df sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 . oL sfof{Gjog lgsfox?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 sfo{qmd ;d]t ;~rfng ul/g]5 .clej[l4 sfo{qmd ;d]t ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

*=# sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog ubf{ :yfgLo :t/df dlxnf clwsf/sf If]qdf sfo{ ug{] /fli6«o Pjd\ cGt/fl{i6«o *=# sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog ubf{ :yfgLo :t/df dlxnf clwsf/sf If]qdf sfo{ ug{] /fli6«o Pjd\ cGt/fl{i6«o u/} ;/sf/L ;+:yf jf ltgLx?sf ;+hfnx?nfO{ clwstd kl/rfng ul/g]5 .u/} ;/sf/L ;+:yf jf ltgLx?sf ;+hfnx?nfO{ clwstd kl/rfng ul/g]5 .

*=$ ;]jf k|bfos lgsfo nufot ;Da4 ;j} kIfnfO{ åGå k|efljt JolQmx?;+u -åGå k|efljt dlxnf tyf *=$ ;]jf k|bfos lgsfo nufot ;Da4 ;j} kIfnfO{ åGå k|efljt JolQmx?;+u -åGå k|efljt dlxnf tyf aflnsf_ ul/g' kg]{ Aojxf/ tyf ;Dj]bgzLntfsf ljifodf cg'lzIf0f, cGt/lqmof Pjd\ ;r]tgf aflnsf_ ul/g' kg]{ Aojxf/ tyf ;Dj]bgzLntfsf ljifodf cg'lzIf0f, cGt/lqmof Pjd\ ;r]tgf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 .sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g]5 .

*=% :yfgLo:t/df ;~rfng x'g] sfo{qmdx¿df åGåk|efljt dlxnf tyf aflnsfx?nfO{ a9L eGbf a9L *=% :yfgLo:t/df ;~rfng x'g] sfo{qmdx¿df åGåk|efljt dlxnf tyf aflnsfx?nfO{ a9L eGbf a9L ¿kdf ;xefuL u/fpFb} pgLx¿n] k|fKt u/]sf] ;Lk / pd]/ cg';f/sf] /f]huf/L k|bfg ug{ lhNnfleq ¿kdf ;xefuL u/fpFb} pgLx¿n] k|fKt u/]sf] ;Lk / pd]/ cg';f/sf] /f]huf/L k|bfg ug{ lhNnfleq ;~rfng x'g] >dd"ns tyf ;d'bfo :t/sf ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx¿df ltgLx?nfO{ ;xefuL jgfpg ;~rfng x'g] >dd"ns tyf ;d'bfo :t/sf ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx¿df ltgLx?nfO{ ;xefuL jgfpg k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .k|f]T;fxg ul/g]5 .

*=^ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu åGå k|efljt lhNnfsf] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf Pshgf *=^ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu åGå k|efljt lhNnfsf] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf Pshgf sfo{qmd clws[tsf] Joj:yf u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng tyf åGå k|efljt dlxnf / aflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{qmd clws[tsf] Joj:yf u/L sfo{qmd ;~rfng tyf åGå k|efljt dlxnf / aflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt vl08s[t tYofÍx? ;Íngdf ;xof]u k'¥ofOg]5 . o; sfo{sf] nflu /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf vl08s[t tYofÍx? ;Íngdf ;xof]u k'¥ofOg]5 . o; sfo{sf] nflu /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf ;xsfo{ ug{ OR5's ljsf;sf cGt/f{li6«o ;fem]bf/x?sf] ;xof]u kl/rfng ul/g]5 .;xsfo{ ug{ OR5's ljsf;sf cGt/f{li6«o ;fem]bf/x?sf] ;xof]u kl/rfng ul/g]5 .

*=& /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu åGå k|efljt dlxnf tyf aflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt vl08s[t *=& /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu åGå k|efljt dlxnf tyf aflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt vl08s[t tYofÍx? ;Íng ul/g]5 . lhNnf :t/df ;dGjo ;ldltdf k|fKt x'g] tYofÍ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf tYofÍx? ;Íng ul/g]5 . lhNnf :t/df ;dGjo ;ldltdf k|fKt x'g] tYofÍ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf sfof{nodf /xg]5 . s]Gb|Lo:t/df sfof{Gjog ;ldltdf k|fKt x'g] tYofÍ dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf sfof{nodf /xg]5 . s]Gb|Lo:t/df sfof{Gjog ;ldltdf k|fKt x'g] tYofÍ dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnodf /xg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . åGå k|efljt dlxnf / aflnsf;+u ;+j]bgzLn ;dfh sNof0f dGqfnodf /xg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . åGå k|efljt dlxnf / aflnsf;+u ;+j]bgzLn ljj/0fx? uf]Ko ?kdf /fVg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .ljj/0fx? uf]Ko ?kdf /fVg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

*=* sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf qmddf k|fKt hfgsf/L tyf lhNnfsf cg's/0fLo ljifo *=* sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf qmddf k|fKt hfgsf/L tyf lhNnfsf cg's/0fLo ljifo (Best Practice)(Best Practice) nfO{ nfO{ clen]vLs/0f u/L cGo lhNnfx?df cfbfg–kb|fg ug{] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .clen]vLs/0f u/L cGo lhNnfx?df cfbfg–kb|fg ug{] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

*=( /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfdf lhDd]jf/ lgsfosf ?kdf tf]lsPsf dGqfno÷ cfof]u÷ sfof{noaf6 cfˆgf] *=( /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfdf lhDd]jf/ lgsfosf ?kdf tf]lsPsf dGqfno÷ cfof]u÷ sfof{noaf6 cfˆgf] lgsfonfO{ tf]lsPsf] lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug{ oyfzL3| lgsfout sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L nfu" ul/g]5 . lgsfonfO{ tf]lsPsf] lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug{ oyfzL3| lgsfout sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L nfu" ul/g]5 .

(= sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;+:yfut Joj:yf= sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;+:yfut Joj:yf

(=! lgb]{zs ;ldlt M(=! lgb]{zs ;ldlt M

/fli6«o sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhd Ps lgb]{zs ;ldlt pRr :t/Lo ;ldltsf] ¿kdf /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu b]xfo adf]lhd Ps lgb]{zs ;ldlt pRr :t/Lo ;ldltsf] ¿kdf /xg]5 M/xg]5 M

-s_ k//fi6« dGqL — cWoIf-s_ k//fi6« dGqL — cWoIf

-v_ zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqL — ;x–cWoIf-v_ zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqL — ;x–cWoIf



-u_ dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqL — ;b:o-u_ dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqL — ;b:o

-3_ zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f /fHodGqL — ;b:o-3_ zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f /fHodGqL — ;b:o

-ª_ ;b:o, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u -zflGt tyf kg' lgd{f0f dGqfno x]g]{{]_ — ;b:o-ª_ ;b:o, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u -zflGt tyf kg' lgd{f0f dGqfno x]g]{{]_ — ;b:o

-r_ ;b:o, /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u — ;b:o-r_ ;b:o, /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u — ;b:o

-5_ ;lrj, cy{ dGqfno — ;b:o-5_ ;lrj, cy{ dGqfno — ;b:o

-h_ ;lrj, u[x dGqfno — ;b:o-h_ ;lrj, u[x dGqfno — ;b:o

-em_ ;lrj, k//fi6« dGqfno — ;b:o-em_ ;lrj, k//fi6« dGqfno — ;b:o

-`_ ;lrj, k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no — ;b:o-`_ ;lrj, k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no — ;b:o

-6_ ;lrj, dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno — ;b:o-6_ ;lrj, dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno — ;b:o

-7_ ;lrj, /Iff dGqfno — ;b:o-7_ ;lrj, /Iff dGqfno — ;b:o

-8_ ;lrj, zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfno — ;b:o-8_ ;lrj, zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfno — ;b:o

-9_ k|ltlglw, dlxnf lxt ;dfh — ;b:o-9_ k|ltlglw, dlxnf lxt ;dfh — ;b:o

-0f_ k|ltlglw, Ol/sf]g — ;b:o-0f_ k|ltlglw, Ol/sf]g — ;b:o

-t_ k|ltlglw, zflGt dflnsf — ;b:o-t_ k|ltlglw, zflGt dflnsf — ;b:o

-y_ k|ltlglw, -y_ k|ltlglw, Beyond Beijing Committee (BBC)Beyond Beijing Committee (BBC) — ;b:o — ;b:o

-b_ k|ltlglw, dlxnf zflGt ;d"x, -b_ k|ltlglw, dlxnf zflGt ;d"x, NTTPNTTP — ;b:o — ;b:o

-w_ k|ltlglw, dlxnf ;'/Iff bafa ;d"x — ;b:o-w_ k|ltlglw, dlxnf ;'/Iff bafa ;d"x — ;b:o

-g_ k|ltlglw, zflGt, zlQm, nf]stGq / ;+lawfg ;efsfnflu dlxnf ;~hfn — ;b:o-g_ k|ltlglw, zflGt, zlQm, nf]stGq / ;+lawfg ;efsfnflu dlxnf ;~hfn — ;b:o

-k_ k|ltlglw, u|fld0f dlxnf ljsfz tyf Pstf s]Gb| — ;b:o-k_ k|ltlglw, u|fld0f dlxnf ljsfz tyf Pstf s]Gb| — ;b:o

-km_ k|ltlglw, ;fyL — ;b:o-km_ k|ltlglw, ;fyL — ;b:o

-a_ k|ltlglw, dfgj clwsf/sf nflu dlxnf, Psn dlxnf ;d"x — ;b:o-a_ k|ltlglw, dfgj clwsf/sf nflu dlxnf, Psn dlxnf ;d"x — ;b:o

-e_ k|ltlglw, g]kfn ;dfh ljsf; s]Gb| — ;b:o-e_ k|ltlglw, g]kfn ;dfh ljsf; s]Gb| — ;b:o

-d_ ;x ;lrj, zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfno-sfg"g tyf ;~rf/ dxfzfvf_ — ;b:o ;lrj-d_ ;x ;lrj, zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfno-sfg"g tyf ;~rf/ dxfzfvf_ — ;b:o ;lrj

-o_ k|ltlgwL, zflGt tyf k'g lgdf0f{ dGqfnosf] ;lrjfno-o_ k|ltlgwL, zflGt tyf k'g lgdf0f{ dGqfnosf] ;lrjfno

lgb{]zs ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] a7}sdf cfjZostf cg';f/ g]kfnsf k|d'v, ;o+Q'm /fi6« ;+3, ;'/Iff kl/ifb\af6 lgb{]zs ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] a7}sdf cfjZostf cg';f/ g]kfnsf k|d'v, ;o+Q'm /fi6« ;+3, ;'/Iff kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t k|:tfj g+= !#@% / !*@) sf nflu zflGt ;xof]u sfo{ ;d'x kfl/t k|:tfj g+= !#@% / !*@) sf nflu zflGt ;xof]u sfo{ ;d'x (PSWG)(PSWG) sf k|ltlglw, g]kfnl:yt /fi6« sf k|ltlglw, g]kfnl:yt /fi6« ;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmdsf k|ltlglw / ;DalGwt ljifosf ljz]if1nfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmdsf k|ltlglw / ;DalGwt ljifosf ljz]if1nfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .

(=@ lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M(=@ lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M

lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] sfd, stJ{o / clwsf/ b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]5 Mlgb]{zs ;ldltsf] sfd, stJ{o / clwsf/ b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]5 M

-s_ åGå Joj:yfkg / zflGt lgdf{0f k|ls|ofdf n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f ;DaGwdf gLltut Joj:yf ug,{]-s_ åGå Joj:yfkg / zflGt lgdf{0f k|ls|ofdf n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0f ;DaGwdf gLltut Joj:yf ug,{]

-v_ ljz]iftM åGåsfn tyf åGå kZrft x'g] n}lËs lx+;fsf] /f]syfd / lgoGq0f ;DaGwdf gLltut -v_ ljz]iftM åGåsfn tyf åGå kZrft x'g] n}lËs lx+;fsf] /f]syfd / lgoGq0f ;DaGwdf gLltut Joj:yf ug,{]Joj:yf ug,{]

-u_ zflGt k|a4{g / o;sf nfex?sf] pkef]udf dlxnf ;zlQms/0fdf cGt/ lgsfout ;dGjo ug,{]-u_ zflGt k|a4{g / o;sf nfex?sf] pkef]udf dlxnf ;zlQms/0fdf cGt/ lgsfout ;dGjo ug,{]

-3_ sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu /fli6«o Pjd\ cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u h'6fpg],-3_ sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu /fli6«o Pjd\ cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u h'6fpg],

6262

-ª_ lgsfout sfo{ of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjog u/fpg],-ª_ lgsfout sfo{ of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjog u/fpg],

-r_ sfo{ of]hgfsf] lgoldt cg'udg Pjd\ ;k'/Lj]If0f ug{] . o;sf nflu sfo{ If]qut zt{x? ;d]t -r_ sfo{ of]hgfsf] lgoldt cg'udg Pjd\ ;k'/Lj]If0f ug{] . o;sf nflu sfo{ If]qut zt{x? ;d]t tf]sL pk;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg],tf]sL pk;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg],

-5_ sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf ;DaGwdf ;Da4 lgsfox?nfO{ cfjZos lgbz{]g lbg,]-5_ sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf ;DaGwdf ;Da4 lgsfox?nfO{ cfjZos lgbz{]g lbg,]

-h_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, ;'/Iff kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t k|:tfj g+ !#@% / !*@) sf] sfof{Gjog l:yltsf] -h_ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, ;'/Iff kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t k|:tfj g+ !#@% / !*@) sf] sfof{Gjog l:yltsf] ;DaGwdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;dIf k|ltj]bg ug{] .;DaGwdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;dIf k|ltj]bg ug{] .

(=# sfof{Gjog ;ldlt M(=# sfof{Gjog ;ldlt M

sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu u7Lt lgb{]zg ;ldlt cGtu{t b]xfo adf]lhd Ps sfof{Gjog ;ldlt /xg]5Msfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu u7Lt lgb{]zg ;ldlt cGtu{t b]xfo adf]lhd Ps sfof{Gjog ;ldlt /xg]5M

-s_ ;x—;lrj, zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfno -sfg"g tyf ;+rf/ dxfzfvf_ — ;+of]hs-s_ ;x—;lrj, zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfno -sfg"g tyf ;+rf/ dxfzfvf_ — ;+of]hs

-v_ k|ltlglw, dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno — ;b:o-v_ k|ltlglw, dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno — ;b:o

-u_ k|ltlglw, u[x dGqfno — ;b:o-u_ k|ltlglw, u[x dGqfno — ;b:o

-3_ k|ltlglw, /Iff dGqfno — ;b:o-3_ k|ltlglw, /Iff dGqfno — ;b:o

-ª_ k|ltlglw, o'=Pg=j'dg — ;b:o-ª_ k|ltlglw, o'=Pg=j'dg — ;b:o

-r_ k|ltlglw, /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u — ;b:o-r_ k|ltlglw, /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u — ;b:o

-5_ pk;lrj, zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfno -sfg"g tyf dfgj clwsf/ zfvf_ — ;b:o–;lrj-5_ pk;lrj, zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfno -sfg"g tyf dfgj clwsf/ zfvf_ — ;b:o–;lrj

sfof{Gjog ;ldltn] k//fi6« dGqfnosf] k|ltlglwnfO{ cfˆgf] a}7sdf cfdlGqt ;b:osf] ?kdf cfdGq0f ug'{ sfof{Gjog ;ldltn] k//fi6« dGqfnosf] k|ltlglwnfO{ cfˆgf] a}7sdf cfdlGqt ;b:osf] ?kdf cfdGq0f ug'{ kg]{5 . sfof{Gjog ;ldltdf lgb]{zs ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] bft[ ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿ ko{j]Ifssf] ¿kdf /xg kg]{5 . sfof{Gjog ;ldltdf lgb]{zs ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] bft[ ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿ ko{j]Ifssf] ¿kdf /xg ;Sg]5g\ . ;Sg]5g\ .

(=$ sfof{Gjog ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M(=$ sfof{Gjog ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M

sfof{Gjog ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfojdf]lhd x'g]5 Msfof{Gjog ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfojdf]lhd x'g]5 M

-s_ pRr :t/Lo lgbz{]s ;ldltn] u/]sf] lg0f{osf] sfof{Gjog ug{,]-s_ pRr :t/Lo lgbz{]s ;ldltn] u/]sf] lg0f{osf] sfof{Gjog ug{,]

-v_ lgsfout sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;xof]u / ;dGjo ug,{]-v_ lgsfout sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;xof]u / ;dGjo ug,{]

-u_ n}lËs ;r]tgf clea[l4 ug{ cfjZos pkfo cjnDag ug,{]-u_ n}lËs ;r]tgf clea[l4 ug{ cfjZos pkfo cjnDag ug,{]

-3_ åGåkLl8t dlxnfx?sf] ljz]if cfjZostf / hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfnfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbg],-3_ åGåkLl8t dlxnfx?sf] ljz]if cfjZostf / hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfnfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbg],

-ª_ sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]tx? h'6fpg],-ª_ sfof{Gjogsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;|f]tx? h'6fpg],

-r_ sfof{Gjog l:yltsf] cg'udg u/L lgbz{] g ;ldltnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg,]-r_ sfof{Gjog l:yltsf] cg'udg u/L lgbz{] g ;ldltnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg,]

-5_ jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L lgbz{] s ;ldlt ;dIf kz] ug{] .-5_ jflif{s k|ult k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L lgbz{] s ;ldlt ;dIf kz] ug{] .

(=% n}lËs OsfO{sf] Joj:yf M(=% n}lËs OsfO{sf] Joj:yf M

/fli6«o sfo{of]hgfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfnodf Ps n}lËs OsfO{ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f dGqfnodf Ps n}lËs OsfO{ /xg]5 . sfof{Gjog ;ldltsf ;+of]hs k|d'v /xg] pQm OsfO{df sfof{Gjog ;ldltsf ;b:o–;lrj, zfvf /xg]5 . sfof{Gjog ;ldltsf ;+of]hs k|d'v /xg] pQm OsfO{df sfof{Gjog ;ldltsf ;b:o–;lrj, zfvf clws[t tyf cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo ljifo lj1 tyf sd{rf/Lx? /xg]5g\ . o; OsfO{nfO{ cfjZos ;|f]t clws[t tyf cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo ljifo lj1 tyf sd{rf/Lx? /xg]5g\ . o; OsfO{nfO{ cfjZos ;|f]t / ;fwg pknAw u/fpg'sf] ;fy} OsfO{df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] bIftfdf clea[l4 u/fO{g]5 . o; OsfO{n] / ;fwg pknAw u/fpg'sf] ;fy} OsfO{df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] bIftfdf clea[l4 u/fO{g]5 . o; OsfO{n]



/fli6«o sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg u/L jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{5 ./fli6«o sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg u/L jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{5 .

(=^ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt M(=^ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt M

/fli6«o sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu lhNnf:t/df b]xfo adf]lhsf] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf lhNnf ;dGjo /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu lhNnf:t/df b]xfo adf]lhsf] /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt /xg]5 M ;ldlt /xg]5 M

-s_ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L — ;+of]hs-s_ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L — ;+of]hs

-v_ :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L — ;x–;+of]hs-v_ :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L — ;x–;+of]hs

-u_ cWoIf÷k|ltlglw, :yfgLo zflGt ;ldlt — ;b:o-u_ cWoIf÷k|ltlglw, :yfgLo zflGt ;ldlt — ;b:o

-3_ k|d'v, lhNnf hg :jf:Yo sfof{no — ;b:o-3_ k|d'v, lhNnf hg :jf:Yo sfof{no — ;b:o

-ª_ lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L — ;b:o-ª_ lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L — ;b:o

-r_ k|d'v, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; sfof{no÷;ldlt — ;b:o-r_ k|d'v, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; sfof{no÷;ldlt — ;b:o

-5_ k|d'v, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no — ;b:o-5_ k|d'v, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no — ;b:o

-h_ k|ltlglw, lhNnfl:yt k|fljlws lzIffno — ;b:o-h_ k|ltlglw, lhNnfl:yt k|fljlws lzIffno — ;b:o

-em_ k|d'v, lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt — ;b:o-em_ k|d'v, lhNnf afnsNof0f ;ldlt — ;b:o

-`_ :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltn] tf]s]sf åGå–k|efljt dlxnf b'O{ hgf — ;b:o-`_ :yfgLo zflGt ;ldltn] tf]s]sf åGå–k|efljt dlxnf b'O{ hgf — ;b:o

-6_ dlxnf clwsf/sf If]qdf sfo{/t u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? dWo]af6 ;ldltn] tf]s]sf k|ltlglw b'O{ -6_ dlxnf clwsf/sf If]qdf sfo{/t u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? dWo]af6 ;ldltn] tf]s]sf k|ltlglw b'O{ hgf — ;b:ohgf — ;b:o

-7_ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf clws[t — ;b:o–;lrj-7_ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf clws[t — ;b:o–;lrj

lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltdf sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] lhNnfl:yt bft[ lgsfosf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltdf sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] lhNnfl:yt bft[ lgsfosf k|ltlglwx¿ ko{j]Ifssf] ¿kdf /xg ;Sg]5g\ . ;ldltn] cfjZostfg';f/ lhNnfl:yt cGo sfof{nosf k|ltlglwx¿ ko{j]Ifssf] ¿kdf /xg ;Sg]5g\ . ;ldltn] cfjZostfg';f/ lhNnfl:yt cGo sfof{nosf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .k|ltlglwx?nfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .

(=& /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M(=& /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M

/fli6«o sfo{of]hgf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfojdf]lhd x'g]5 M/fli6«o sfo{of]hgf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfojdf]lhd x'g]5 M

-s_ lgb]{zs ;ldlt / sfof{{Gjog ;ldltsf lg0fo{ x¿ sfof{Gjog ug{] u/fpg,]-s_ lgb]{zs ;ldlt / sfof{{Gjog ;ldltsf lg0fo{ x¿ sfof{Gjog ug{] u/fpg,]

-v_ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfdf k|:tfljt sfo{qmdx¿ sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;DalGwt lhNnf:t/Lo -v_ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfdf k|:tfljt sfo{qmdx¿ sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;DalGwt lhNnf:t/Lo sfof{nox¿sf] sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z u/fpg],sfof{nox¿sf] sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z u/fpg],

-u_ lhNnfleq ;~rflnt /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf;Fu ;DjlGwt sfo{qmdx¿ aLr ;dGjo ug,{]-u_ lhNnfleq ;~rflnt /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf;Fu ;DjlGwt sfo{qmdx¿ aLr ;dGjo ug,{]

-3_ lhNnfleq ;~rflnt /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{qmdx¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf] lg/Gt/ -3_ lhNnfleq ;~rflnt /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{qmdx¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf] lg/Gt/ cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug,{]cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug,{]

-ª_ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf ;DaGwL] k|ult ljj/0f sfof{Gjog ;ldltnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] .-ª_ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf ;DaGwL] k|ult ljj/0f sfof{Gjog ;ldltnfO{ pknAw u/fpg] .

!) cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg!) cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg

!)=! /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf nufgL, lqmofsnfk, k|ltkmn, pknlAw tyf nIo !)=! /fli6«o sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf nufgL, lqmofsnfk, k|ltkmn, pknlAw tyf nIo h:tf glthf >+[vnfsf] k|of]u u/L glthfd"ns h:tf glthf >+[vnfsf] k|of]u u/L glthfd"ns (Result Based)(Result Based) tl/sfn] sfof{Gjogs} qmddf tl/sfn] sfof{Gjogs} qmddf (on going)(on going) cgu'dg ug{] k|lqmof / k2lt sfod ul/g] 5 . o; qmddf nfeflGjt ju{nfO{ ;d]t cgu'dg ug{] k|lqmof / k2lt sfod ul/g] 5 . o; qmddf nfeflGjt ju{nfO{ ;d]t

6464

;xefuL u/fOg]5 .;xefuL u/fOg]5 .

!)=@ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf k|efjsfl/tf / bIftf Nofpgsf] nflu pko'Qm Joj:yfkg ;"rgf !)=@ /fli6«o sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf k|efjsfl/tf / bIftf Nofpgsf] nflu pko'Qm Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL k|0ffnL (MIS)(MIS) th{df u/L nfu" ul/g]5 . cg'udgnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ rf}dfl;s, cw{jflif{s / th{df u/L nfu" ul/g]5 . cg'udgnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ rf}dfl;s, cw{jflif{s / jflif{s k|ult ;dLIff ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g]5 .jflif{s k|ult ;dLIff ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

!)=# sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL k|ult ljj/0f cfjlws ?kdf k|sfzg u/L ;fj{hlgs ug{] Joj:yf !)=# sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL k|ult ljj/0f cfjlws ?kdf k|sfzg u/L ;fj{hlgs ug{] Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 .ldnfOg]5 .

!)=$ cg'udg k|lqmofnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg lhDd]jf/ lgsfodf cg'udgsf nflu lhDd]jf/ JolQm !)=$ cg'udg k|lqmofnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg lhDd]jf/ lgsfodf cg'udgsf nflu lhDd]jf/ JolQm (Focal Person)(Focal Person) tf]Sg] / cfjZos >f]t ;fwg pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . tf]Sg] / cfjZos >f]t ;fwg pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .



;fdu|L !&;fdu|L !&g]kfnsf] ;DaGwdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf ;+s]tsx¿g]kfnsf] ;DaGwdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf ;+s]tsx¿

clk|n @)!) df ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf dxf;lrj jfg ls d'gn] !#@% sf] k|ultsf] lg/LIf0f rf/ cfwf/df clk|n @)!) df ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf dxf;lrj jfg ls d'gn] !#@% sf] k|ultsf] lg/LIf0f rf/ cfwf/df ug{sf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;"rssf] k|sfzg u/fP . tL rf/ cfw/ x'g\ – ;xeflutf, ;'/Iff, /f]syfd / ug{sf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;"rssf] k|sfzg u/fP . tL rf/ cfw/ x'g\ – ;xeflutf, ;'/Iff, /f]syfd / ;xfotf tyf k'gk|f{lKt . of] g]kfnsf] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;"rs *, !! / !@ sf;xfotf tyf k'gk|f{lKt . of] g]kfnsf] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;"rs *, !! / !@ sf$!$! pkfox¿sf] n]vfhf]vf xf] M pkfox¿sf] n]vfhf]vf xf] M

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] ;"rs * M dlxnf tyf aflnsfx¿sf] ;'/Iff / l:ylt ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] ;"rs * M dlxnf tyf aflnsfx¿sf] ;'/Iff / l:ylt ;'wf/ ug{sf nflu ljz]if k|fjwfg;lxt zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] ;+Vof / k|ltzt .ljz]if k|fjwfg;lxt zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] ;+Vof / k|ltzt .

lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf -@))^_lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf -@))^_

g]kfnn] u/]sf] @))! b]lv @))^ ;Ddsf] zflGt tyf o'4lj/fd jftf{b]lv lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf;Dd g]kfnn] u/]sf] @))! b]lv @))^ ;Ddsf] zflGt tyf o'4lj/fd jftf{b]lv lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf;Dd •;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@%n] vf;} k|efj kf/]g .;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@%n] vf;} k|efj kf/]g .

cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/sf] dfGotf ljz]if pNn]v ul/Ptf klg lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/sf] dfGotf ljz]if pNn]v ul/Ptf klg lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« •;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf] ;Gbe{ pNn]v 5}g . ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf] ;Gbe{ pNn]v 5}g .

lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf -&=^_ df Ps aF'bf dfq} dlxnfsf dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL pNn]v 5 . zflGt lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf -&=^_ df Ps aF'bf dfq} dlxnfsf dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL pNn]v 5 . zflGt •;Demf}tfsf b'j} kIfx¿n] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;DaGwL lx+;f tyf of}g b'Jo{jxf/ / hjh{:tL h:tf ;Demf}tfsf b'j} kIfx¿n] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf ;DaGwL lx+;f tyf of}g b'Jo{jxf/ / hjh{:tL h:tf lqmofsnfknfO{ k"0f{t /f]Sg ljz]if k|sf/sf ;'/Iff Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;xdlt .lqmofsnfknfO{ k"0f{t /f]Sg ljz]if k|sf/sf ;'/Iff Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;xdlt .

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -@))&_cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -@))&_

dlxnfsf xs clwsf/nfO{ df}lns clwsf/sf ¿kdf kl/lrt u/fOof] . n}lËs leGgtfsf cfwf/df dlxnfsf xs clwsf/nfO{ df}lns clwsf/sf ¿kdf kl/lrt u/fOof] . n}lËs leGgtfsf cfwf/df •e]befj gul/g] s'/fdf arga4tf -wf/f @)M!_ .e]befj gul/g] s'/fdf arga4tf -wf/f @)M!_ .

o;n] dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;f b08gLo ck/fw xf] eGg] s'/f pNn]v u¥of] -wf/f @)M@_ .o;n] dlxnf lj¿4sf] lx+;f b08gLo ck/fw xf] eGg] s'/f pNn]v u¥of] -wf/f @)M@_ . •

dlxnfnfO{ k}t[s ;DklQdf ;dfg clwsf/sf] Jojxf/nfO{ cl3 a9fof] -wf/f @)M$_ .dlxnfnfO{ k}t[s ;DklQdf ;dfg clwsf/sf] Jojxf/nfO{ cl3 a9fof] -wf/f @)M$_ . •

o;n] dlxnfsf] k|hgg\ :jf:Yo clwsf/sf] nflu k|fjwfg agfof] -wf./f @)M@_ . s'g} klg If]qsf o;n] dlxnfsf] k|hgg\ :jf:Yo clwsf/sf] nflu k|fjwfg agfof] -wf./f @)M@_ . s'g} klg If]qsf •;/sf/n] leGg ¿kdf k|hgg\ :jf:YonfO{ dfgj clwsf/sf ¿kdf /fli6«o ;+ljwfgdf kl/lrt u/fPsf] ;/sf/n] leGg ¿kdf k|hgg\ :jf:YonfO{ dfgj clwsf/sf ¿kdf /fli6«o ;+ljwfgdf kl/lrt u/fPsf] klxnf] k6s xf] .klxnf] k6s xf] .

g]kfnsf] zflGt sf]ifg]kfnsf] zflGt sf]if

lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] k|fjwfgnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ @))& km]j|'j/L @ df ;/sf/L :jfldTjdf lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] k|fjwfgnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ @))& km]j|'j/L @ df ;/sf/L :jfldTjdf •zflGt sf]ifsf] :yfkgf eof] . pQm sfo{qmdn] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ qmddf OR5's zflGt sf]ifsf] :yfkgf eof] . pQm sfo{qmdn] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ qmddf OR5's bftfx¿nfO{ l;w} ;xof]u ug]{ jftfj/0f l;h{gf u¥of] .bftfx¿nfO{ l;w} ;xof]u ug]{ jftfj/0f l;h{gf u¥of] .

o'4df ;+nUg dlxnfx¿nfO{ dtbftf lzIff tyf r'gfjdf dlxnfsf] nflu sf]if cGtu{t :jf:Yo ;]jf o'4df ;+nUg dlxnfx¿nfO{ dtbftf lzIff tyf r'gfjdf dlxnfsf] nflu sf]if cGtu{t :jf:Yo ;]jf •th'{dfn] kmfObf u/]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 . t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] bftfx¿, ljz]if1 tyf gful/s ;dfhn] pQm th'{dfn] kmfObf u/]sf] hgfOPsf] 5 . t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] bftfx¿, ljz]if1 tyf gful/s ;dfhn] pQm sf]ifåf/f dlxnfsf] ;xof]usf nflu ;xdlt hgfPsf] 5}g . bftfx¿n] clxn];Dd n}lËs ;dfof]hgsf] sf]ifåf/f dlxnfsf] ;xof]usf nflu ;xdlt hgfPsf] 5}g . bftfx¿n] clxn];Dd n}lËs ;dfof]hgsf] zt{nfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbPsf 5}gg\ .zt{nfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbPsf 5}gg\ .

;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk ljw]os;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk ljw]os

;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u u7gsf nflu ljw]ossf] d:of}bf zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f ;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u u7gsf nflu ljw]ossf] d:of}bf zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0f •dGqfnon] h'nfO{ @))& df k]z u¥of] / pQm d:of}bfnfO{ km]j|'j/L !, @)!) df ;+;bn] kfl/t u¥of] .dGqfnon] h'nfO{ @))& df k]z u¥of] / pQm d:of}bfnfO{ km]j|'j/L !, @)!) df ;+;bn] kfl/t u¥of] .

g t efiff jf k|fjwfgn] g} åGå kLl8t dlxnfsf] ljz]if cfjZostfsf] Joj:yfnfO{ ljw]osn] dWogh/ g t efiff jf k|fjwfgn] g} åGå kLl8t dlxnfsf] ljz]if cfjZostfsf] Joj:yfnfO{ ljw]osn] dWogh/ •u¥of] . cfof]udf sDtLdf Ps dlxnf ;xeflutfn] Ps k|sf/sf] n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] ljZjf; k}bf u¥of] . cfof]udf sDtLdf Ps dlxnf ;xeflutfn] Ps k|sf/sf] n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] ljZjf; k}bf u/fpF5 . -;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk ljw]os, cWofo @M#_ .u/fpF5 . -;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk ljw]os, cWofo @M#_ .

$!$! Guring S M and Lama S, UNSCR 1325 and 1820: Implementation and Monitoring Status in Nepal, (Shantimalika, 2010).Guring S M and Lama S, UNSCR 1325 and 1820: Implementation and Monitoring Status in Nepal, (Shantimalika, 2010).

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åGå kLl8t dlxnfn] dfgl;s ;xof]u ljz]iftM of}g b'Jo{jxf/af6 kLl8tsf nflu Ifltk"lt{ l;kmfl/zsf] åGå kLl8t dlxnfn] dfgl;s ;xof]u ljz]iftM of}g b'Jo{jxf/af6 kLl8tsf nflu Ifltk"lt{ l;kmfl/zsf] •k|fjwfg 5}g .k|fjwfg 5}g .

kLl8t tyf ;fIfLsf] ;'/Iffsf nflu klg Tolt Wofg lbOPsf] 5}g .kLl8t tyf ;fIfLsf] ;'/Iffsf nflu klg Tolt Wofg lbOPsf] 5}g . •

anfTsf/LnfO{ dfkmL lbg] s'/f pNn]v ug]{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|of;nfO{ clxn];Dd ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff anfTsf/LnfO{ dfkmL lbg] s'/f pNn]v ug]{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|of;nfO{ clxn];Dd ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff •kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf] ;Gbe{df dlxnf jsfntn] /f]Sb} cfPsf] 5 .kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf] ;Gbe{df dlxnf jsfntn] /f]Sb} cfPsf] 5 .

;'/Iff tyf c;}lgsLs/0f ;DaGwL gLltx¿ ;'/Iff tyf c;}lgsLs/0f ;DaGwL gLltx¿

pQm x:tfIf/n] xftxltof/ lg/LIf0f -@))^_ df ;z:q an;Fu n8fs' tyf dlxnf ;+nUgtfsf] pQm x:tfIf/n] xftxltof/ lg/LIf0f -@))^_ df ;z:q an;Fu n8fs' tyf dlxnf ;+nUgtfsf] •cfjZostfsf] v'nf;f ePg .cfjZostfsf] v'nf;f ePg .

k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg gLltlgdf{0fsf] ;dodf dlxnfnfO{ alxisf/ ul/of] .k'g:yf{kg tyf ;dfof]hg gLltlgdf{0fsf] ;dodf dlxnfnfO{ alxisf/ ul/of] . •

cGo ;DalGwt gLltx¿ cGo ;DalGwt gLltx¿

lgjf{rg P]gn] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjsf] nflu ## k|ltzt dlxnf pDd]bjf/Lsf] Joj:yf u¥of] . lgjf{rg P]gn] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjsf] nflu ## k|ltzt dlxnf pDd]bjf/Lsf] Joj:yf u¥of] . •-;+ljwfg ;ef lgjf{rg P]g, @))&_-;+ljwfg ;ef lgjf{rg P]g, @))&_

:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gn] ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfdf dlxnfsf] :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gn] ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfdf dlxnfsf] •;xeflutf sDtLdf @) k|ltzt x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf u¥of] .;xeflutf sDtLdf @) k|ltzt x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf u¥of] .

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;"rs !! M cf}krfl/s tyf cgf}krfl/s ¿kdf zflGt ;Demf}tf tyf zflGt :yfkgf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;"rs !! M cf}krfl/s tyf cgf}krfl/s ¿kdf zflGt ;Demf}tf tyf zflGt :yfkgf k|lqmofdf dlxnfsf] :yfg k|lqmofdf dlxnfsf] :yfg

åGå ;dfKt eP/ lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] ;dodf x:tfIf/ ug]{ ;Gbe{df @))# / @))^ sf] åGå ;dfKt eP/ lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] ;dodf x:tfIf/ ug]{ ;Gbe{df @))# / @))^ sf] •aLrdf !% sld6L / cf}krfl/s zflGt k|lqmofsf] pRr:t/Lo jftf{ ;d"xsf] u7g eof] . pQm ;d"xdf aLrdf !% sld6L / cf}krfl/s zflGt k|lqmofsf] pRr:t/Lo jftf{ ;d"xsf] u7g eof] . pQm ;d"xdf ;xhstf{ nufot (( hgfsf] ;xeflutf /Xof] . !% sld6Lx¿dWo] hDdf # j6f sld6Ldf & hgf ;xhstf{ nufot (( hgfsf] ;xeflutf /Xof] . !% sld6Lx¿dWo] hDdf # j6f sld6Ldf & hgf -& k|ltzt_ dlxnf ;dfj]z lyP . dlxnfnfO{ zflGt jftf{df dWo:ystf{ ;xefuL, cg'udgstf{ / -& k|ltzt_ dlxnf ;dfj]z lyP . dlxnfnfO{ zflGt jftf{df dWo:ystf{ ;xefuL, cg'udgstf{ / x:tfIf/stf{sf] ¿kdf eg] /flvPg .x:tfIf/stf{sf] ¿kdf eg] /flvPg .

o;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k gful/s ;dfhn] zflGt ;Demf}tfdf cf}krfl/s ¿kdf ;dfg 9+un] of]ubfg ug]{ o;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k gful/s ;dfhn] zflGt ;Demf}tfdf cf}krfl/s ¿kdf ;dfg 9+un] of]ubfg ug]{ •sfd u¥of] .sfd u¥of] .

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;"rs !@ M /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo zf;gdf gful/ssf ¿kdf lgjf{lrt Pjd\ gLlt ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;"rs !@ M /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo zf;gdf gful/ssf ¿kdf lgjf{lrt Pjd\ gLlt lgdf{tfsf ¿kdf dlxnfsf] a9\bf] k|ltlglwTj / cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf lgdf{tfsf ¿kdf dlxnfsf] a9\bf] k|ltlglwTj / cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutf

;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj -@))*_ – ^)! ;b:o dWo] !(& dlxnf -#@=* k|ltzt_ . dlxnf pDd]bjf/L ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj -@))*_ – ^)! ;b:o dWo] !(& dlxnf -#@=* k|ltzt_ . dlxnf pDd]bjf/L •k'¿ifeGbf a9L /Xof] .k'¿ifeGbf a9L /Xof] .

$% ljwjf, ^ j]kQfsf kTgLx¿ / @) blnt dlxnf ;fd]n . ljleGg hghfltsf ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f $% ljwjf, ^ j]kQfsf kTgLx¿ / @) blnt dlxnf ;fd]n . ljleGg hghfltsf ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f •/ ef}uf]lns If]qsf dlxnfx¿ lgjf{lrt–dgf]lgt eP . klxn] g]kfnsf] ;+;bdf dlxnfnfO{ ^ / ef}uf]lns If]qsf dlxnfx¿ lgjf{lrt–dgf]lgt eP . klxn] g]kfnsf] ;+;bdf dlxnfnfO{ ^ k|ltzteGbf a9L ;xefuL u/fOPsf] lyPg . ljutdf /fhgLlts kbdf k|fo dflyNnf] hftsf glhssf k|ltzteGbf a9L ;xefuL u/fOPsf] lyPg . ljutdf /fhgLlts kbdf k|fo dflyNnf] hftsf glhssf ;DalGwtx¿df /fhgLlt ;Lldt /xGYof] / dlxnfx¿n] k'¿ifdf cfl>t x'g'kYof]{ .;DalGwtx¿df /fhgLlt ;Lldt /xGYof] / dlxnfx¿n] k'¿ifdf cfl>t x'g'kYof]{ .

gofF ;+ljwfgsf] th'{df ug]{ qmddf ljleGg ;ldlt u7g ubf{ x/]sdf dlxnf k|ltlglwTj /Xof] .gofF ;+ljwfgsf] th'{df ug]{ qmddf ljleGg ;ldlt u7g ubf{ x/]sdf dlxnf k|ltlglwTj /Xof] . •

@)!) sf] clGtddf $# dGqLx¿ dWo] % hgf dlxnf /x]tf klg ljz]if kbdf eg] k'¿ifs} afx'Notf @)!) sf] clGtddf $# dGqLx¿ dWo] % hgf dlxnf /x]tf klg ljz]if kbdf eg] k'¿ifs} afx'Notf •5 . /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltdf sl/a ( k|ltzt ;b:ox¿ dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ .5 . /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltdf sl/a ( k|ltzt ;b:ox¿ dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ .

gf]6 M g]kfndf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf] sfof{Gjog ev{/} agfPsf] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 gf]6 M g]kfndf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% sf] sfof{Gjog ev{/} agfPsf] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% cGtu{t /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] lgodsf] sfo{9fFrfdf cfwfl/t 5}g . -lg0f{o !#@% ;'/Iff kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@% cGtu{t /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] lgodsf] sfo{9fFrfdf cfwfl/t 5}g . -lg0f{o !#@% / !*@( cGtu{t /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] d:of}bfsf nflu ;fwg !^ x]g]{ _/ !*@( cGtu{t /fli6«o sfo{ of]hgfsf] d:of}bfsf nflu ;fwg !^ x]g]{ _

;fdfu|L !&;fdfu|L !&


;fdu|L !*;fdu|L !*k[YjL cleofgdf nfu]sf d+un u|xsf kqsf/ aGw'x¿nfO{ lgb]{zgk[YjL cleofgdf nfu]sf d+un u|xsf kqsf/ aGw'x¿nfO{ lgb]{zg

s= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ pgLx¿ d+unu|xaf6 klxnf] k6s ev{/} k[YjLdf cfPsf kqsf/x¿ x'g\ eGg] sNkgf s= ;xefuLx¿nfO{ pgLx¿ d+unu|xaf6 klxnf] k6s ev{/} k[YjLdf cfPsf kqsf/x¿ x'g\ eGg] sNkgf ug{ nufpg] .ug{ nufpg] .

v= tkfOFn] kqklqsfaf6 zAbx¿ k9\g] / a'em\g] ug'{x'G5 t/ g]kfnLx¿sf] / k[YjLjf;Lsf] hghLjgsf] v= tkfOFn] kqklqsfaf6 zAbx¿ k9\g] / a'em\g] ug'{x'G5 t/ g]kfnLx¿sf] / k[YjLjf;Lsf] hghLjgsf] af/]df s]xL klg yfxf 5}g .af/]df s]xL klg yfxf 5}g .

u= tkfO{Fsf] sfd eg]sf] n}lËs b[li6sf]0fnfO{ kqklqsf dfkm{t cWoog ug]{ / To;kl5 u|xdf kms]{/ k|d'v u= tkfO{Fsf] sfd eg]sf] n}lËs b[li6sf]0fnfO{ kqklqsf dfkm{t cWoog ug]{ / To;kl5 u|xdf kms]{/ k|d'v dfl6{g /]l8of] :6];g -PkmPd_ jf …b df;{ xfOd;Ú klqsfsf nflu ;"rgf tof/ kfg]{ .dfl6{g /]l8of] :6];g -PkmPd_ jf …b df;{ xfOd;Ú klqsfsf nflu ;"rgf tof/ kfg]{ .

3= tkfO{n] k9]sf zAb / klqsfdf b]v]sf b[Zosf] cfwf/df dfq k[YjL u|xsf g]kfnL dlxnf tyf k'¿ifsf] 3= tkfO{n] k9]sf zAb / klqsfdf b]v]sf b[Zosf] cfwf/df dfq k[YjL u|xsf g]kfnL dlxnf tyf k'¿ifsf] hLjg, e"ldsf, Jojxf/ tyf ;'/Iff l:yltsf l;s]sf s'/fx¿ / tkfO{ dfly pgLx¿sf] 5fk s:tf] /Xof] hLjg, e"ldsf, Jojxf/ tyf ;'/Iff l:yltsf l;s]sf s'/fx¿ / tkfO{ dfly pgLx¿sf] 5fk s:tf] /Xof] eGg] s'/fsf] 5nkmnsf] cfzf ul/Psf] 5 .eGg] s'/fsf] 5nkmnsf] cfzf ul/Psf] 5 .

ª= x/]s ;d"xsf] Pp6f k|ltj]bg k|:t't stf{ lgo'Qm ug'{ kb{5 , h:n] cGo sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lx¿df ª= x/]s ;d"xsf] Pp6f k|ltj]bg k|:t't stf{ lgo'Qm ug'{ kb{5 , h:n] cGo sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lx¿df k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]sf 5}gg\ . ;Djfbftfx¿n] ;d"xdf /x]/ u/]sf vf]hsf] ;+sng ub{5g\ / d+unu|xdf k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]sf 5}gg\ . ;Djfbftfx¿n] ;d"xdf /x]/ u/]sf vf]hsf] ;+sng ub{5g\ / d+unu|xdf kms]{/ uPkl5 …b df;{ 6fOdÚ sf ;Dkfbs / …/]l8of] df;{ PkmPdÚ sf lgdf{tfnfO{ pQm vf]h k|:t't kms]{/ uPkl5 …b df;{ 6fOdÚ sf ;Dkfbs / …/]l8of] df;{ PkmPdÚ sf lgdf{tfnfO{ pQm vf]h k|:t't ub{5g\ .ub{5g\ .

r= cfkm"n] kQf nufPsf vf]h÷;"rgfnfO{ ;d"xdf k|:t't ug{ x/]s 6f]nLn] #)–$) ldg]6sf] ;do k|fKt r= cfkm"n] kQf nufPsf vf]h÷;"rgfnfO{ ;d"xdf k|:t't ug{ x/]s 6f]nLn] #)–$) ldg]6sf] ;do k|fKt ub{5g\ .ub{5g\ .

5= s[kof s] s'/fdf Wofg lbg'k5{ eg] ;d"xsf] 6]andf /x]/ tn pNn]lvg s'/fx¿df ;hu /xg' kb{5 olb 5= s[kof s] s'/fdf Wofg lbg'k5{ eg] ;d"xsf] 6]andf /x]/ tn pNn]lvg s'/fx¿df ;hu /xg' kb{5 olb ToxfF ;'/Iff÷/fhgLlt jf cGo ;DalGwt ljifox¿ 5g\ eg] MToxfF ;'/Iff÷/fhgLlt jf cGo ;DalGwt ljifox¿ 5g\ eg] M

sf] af]ln/x]sf] 5 <sf] af]ln/x]sf] 5 < ◦

s;sf] af/]df s'/f eO/x]sf] 5 / s'g tl/sfn] <s;sf] af/]df s'/f eO/x]sf] 5 / s'g tl/sfn] < ◦

s'g rflxF 36gf÷syf dlxnf / k'?ifsf] clVtof/Lsf] k|d'v ;|f]t xf] <s'g rflxF 36gf÷syf dlxnf / k'?ifsf] clVtof/Lsf] k|d'v ;|f]t xf] < ◦

s] o; k|sf/sf] lrq0fn] n}lËs k/Dk/fut ;+:sf/nfO{ lr/:yfoL u/fpg] r'gf}lt l;h{gf ub}{5 <s] o; k|sf/sf] lrq0fn] n}lËs k/Dk/fut ;+:sf/nfO{ lr/:yfoL u/fpg] r'gf}lt l;h{gf ub}{5 < ◦

h= tl:j/x¿sf] ljZn]if0f M h= tl:j/x¿sf] ljZn]if0f M

klqsfdf ePsf] kmf]6f]df dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] ;+Vof uGg] / dlxnf tyf k'¿ifsf] s"n k|ltzt klqsfdf ePsf] kmf]6f]df dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] ;+Vof uGg] / dlxnf tyf k'¿ifsf] s"n k|ltzt ◦c8\sn ug]{ . ;a} kfgf / lj1fkg ;dfj]z ug]{ . ;fd"lxs tl:j/nfO{ klg /fVg] . aflnsfx¿nfO{ c8\sn ug]{ . ;a} kfgf / lj1fkg ;dfj]z ug]{ . ;fd"lxs tl:j/nfO{ klg /fVg] . aflnsfx¿nfO{ dlxnf / afnsnfO{ k'¿ifsf ¿kdf u0fgf ug]{ . dlxnf / afnsnfO{ k'¿ifsf ¿kdf u0fgf ug]{ .

lrq0f ul/Psf e"ldsfx¿nfO{ pNn]v ub}{ gf]6 tof/ ug]{ . tl:j/df x]/]/ lnË ;DaGwL c¿ s] lrq0f ul/Psf e"ldsfx¿nfO{ pNn]v ub}{ gf]6 tof/ ug]{ . tl:j/df x]/]/ lnË ;DaGwL c¿ s] ◦s] pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 kQf nufpg] . dflg;x¿ s] ub}{5g\ / lrqdf dflg;sf s] s:tf kIfnfO{ s] pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 kQf nufpg] . dflg;x¿ s] ub}{5g\ / lrqdf dflg;sf s] s:tf kIfnfO{ b]vfOPsf] 5 < b]vfOPsf] 5 <

ljz]if lrqnfO{ x]b}{ ToxfF ePsf JolQm ljz]ifsf af/]df pQm lrqn] s] b;f{pg vf]h]sf] 5, s] tL ljz]if lrqnfO{ x]b}{ ToxfF ePsf JolQm ljz]ifsf af/]df pQm lrqn] s] b;f{pg vf]h]sf] 5, s] tL ◦kfq dfq} x'g\, Ps} k|sf/sf dfG5] x'g\ jf s] leGg afgLa]xf]/f ePsf] JolQmnfO{ b]vfOPsf] 5 < kfq dfq} x'g\, Ps} k|sf/sf dfG5] x'g\ jf s] leGg afgLa]xf]/f ePsf] JolQmnfO{ b]vfOPsf] 5 <

sxfFaf6 tL dlxnf / k'¿ifsf kmf]6f] klqsfdf cfP < s] tkfOFn] ;f]Rg' ePsf] 5 o:tf k'¿if / sxfFaf6 tL dlxnf / k'¿ifsf kmf]6f] klqsfdf cfP < s] tkfOFn] ;f]Rg' ePsf] 5 o:tf k'¿if / ◦dlxnfsf] kmf]6f]nfO{ klqsfsf] leGgfleGg} If]qdf 5'6\ofP/ /fVbf kf7sn] pQm tl:j/ dfly /fVg] dlxnfsf] kmf]6f]nfO{ klqsfsf] leGgfleGg} If]qdf 5'6\ofP/ /fVbf kf7sn] pQm tl:j/ dfly /fVg] b[li6sf]0f tyf JofVof ug]{ z}nLdf s:tf] c;/ kfb{5 <b[li6sf]0f tyf JofVof ug]{ z}nLdf s:tf] c;/ kfb{5 <

6868

;fdu|L ;fdu|L !(!(nfk]gsf] kl/k|]Ionfk]gsf] kl/k|]Io

nfk]g åGåaf6 plDsb} u/]sf] sfNklgs b]z xf] . zflGt ;Demf}tfdf % jif{ klxn] x:tfIf/ eof] / of] b]z nfk]g åGåaf6 plDsb} u/]sf] sfNklgs b]z xf] . zflGt ;Demf}tfdf % jif{ klxn] x:tfIf/ eof] / of] b]z åGåkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f k|lqmofdf 5 . ;/sf/n] pNn]v u/] cg';f/ ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ k|hftflGqs k4lt tyf åGåkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f k|lqmofdf 5 . ;/sf/n] pNn]v u/] cg';f/ ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/ k|hftflGqs k4lt tyf ;+:yfx¿ agfpg] Ps c+z xf] . /fhg}lts bnn] cfd gful/ssf] hLjgsf w]/} kIfx¿ lgoGq0f u/]sf ;+:yfx¿ agfpg] Ps c+z xf] . /fhg}lts bnn] cfd gful/ssf] hLjgsf w]/} kIfx¿ lgoGq0f u/]sf x'G5g\ . gful/s ;dfhdf /x]/ tkfO{F of}ghGo tyf n}lËs lx+;fdf k/]sf dlxnf ;DalGwt 36gfx¿sf] tLg x'G5g\ . gful/s ;dfhdf /x]/ tkfO{F of}ghGo tyf n}lËs lx+;fdf k/]sf dlxnf ;DalGwt 36gfx¿sf] tLg lhNnfsf] tYofÍ ;+sng ul//x]sf] x'g'x'G5 . oL tLg lhNnf x'g\ – ax';, df];L / sfu/L . lhNnfsf] tYofÍ ;+sng ul//x]sf] x'g'x'G5 . oL tLg lhNnf x'g\ – ax';, df];L / sfu/L .

df];Ldf tkfO{n] k|fo dlxnfx¿ a]n'sf aflx/ lgl:sFbf anfTs[t ePsf] kfpg' x'G5 . anfTsf/df ;+nUg df];Ldf tkfO{n] k|fo dlxnfx¿ a]n'sf aflx/ lgl:sFbf anfTs[t ePsf] kfpg' x'G5 . anfTsf/df ;+nUg ePsf] JolQm pQm lhNnfsf] /fhg}lts bnsf] pRr :t/Lo kbflwsf/L dflgG5 . k|x/Ln] anfTsf/sf ePsf] JolQm pQm lhNnfsf] /fhg}lts bnsf] pRr :t/Lo kbflwsf/L dflgG5 . k|x/Ln] anfTsf/sf cf/f]kLsf] vf]htnf; ;'¿ ub{5 / kQf klg nufpF5 t/ To;kl5 klg s]xL x'g ;Sb}g . ck/fwLsf] cf/f]kLsf] vf]htnf; ;'¿ ub{5 / kQf klg nufpF5 t/ To;kl5 klg s]xL x'g ;Sb}g . ck/fwLsf] /fhg}lts ;DaGwsf sf/0f k|x/L tyf Gofokflnsfn] s'g} klg cleof]u nufpg] ¿lr g/fv]sf] kLl8tnfO{ /fhg}lts ;DaGwsf sf/0f k|x/L tyf Gofokflnsfn] s'g} klg cleof]u nufpg] ¿lr g/fv]sf] kLl8tnfO{ nfU5 . o:tf k|sf/sf 36gf ePsf] of] klxnf] 36gf xf]Og .nfU5 . o:tf k|sf/sf 36gf ePsf] of] klxnf] 36gf xf]Og .

;fdfu|L !(;fdfu|L !(


;fdu|L @);fdu|L @)n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k}/jLsf lglDt gful/s ;dfhsf nflu ;fdu|Lx¿n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k}/jLsf lglDt gful/s ;dfhsf nflu ;fdu|Lx¿

o; ;fdu|Ldf ax;÷k}/jLsf] l;4fGtn] tkfO{sf] k}/jL ug]{ /0fgLlts ;d"x tof/ kfg{, a}7sdf ;~rfng o; ;fdu|Ldf ax;÷k}/jLsf] l;4fGtn] tkfO{sf] k}/jL ug]{ /0fgLlts ;d"x tof/ kfg{, a}7sdf ;~rfng ug{, ;To tYo 5f]6s/Ldf pNn]v ug{, lg0f{ostf{x¿;Fusf] ;fy{s a}7s e]63f6 ug{ jf n}lËs tyf ;'/Iff ug{, ;To tYo 5f]6s/Ldf pNn]v ug{, lg0f{ostf{x¿;Fusf] ;fy{s a}7s e]63f6 ug{ jf n}lËs tyf ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;~rf/ -ldl8of_ df cGt/jftf{ lbgsf nflu ¿k/]vf tof/ ug{ ;3fpm k'¥ofpF5 .;DaGwL ;~rf/ -ldl8of_ df cGt/jftf{ lbgsf nflu ¿k/]vf tof/ ug{ ;3fpm k'¥ofpF5 .

!= ;kmn k}/jLsf l;4fGtx¿ M!= ;kmn k}/jLsf l;4fGtx¿ M

efiffnfO{ hlt;Sbf] :ki6, 5f]6f] tyf ;/n /fVg'k5{ .efiffnfO{ hlt;Sbf] :ki6, 5f]6f] tyf ;/n /fVg'k5{ . •

tkfO{n] kQf nufPsf] ;d:ofdfly :ki6 ;Gb]z k|bfg ug]{ .tkfO{n] kQf nufPsf] ;d:ofdfly :ki6 ;Gb]z k|bfg ug]{ . •

tkfO{n] kQf nufPsf] ;d:ofdf s] ug{ rfxg' x'G5 tkfO{n] lgsfn]sf] ;dfwfgsf] af6f] .tkfO{n] kQf nufPsf] ;d:ofdf s] ug{ rfxg' x'G5 tkfO{n] lgsfn]sf] ;dfwfgsf] af6f] . •

s= ;d:ofsf] klxrfg s= ;d:ofsf] klxrfg

vf; ;d:of s] xf] <vf; ;d:of s] xf] < ◦

tkfO{;Fu s] s] tYo, ljj/0f, k|df0f 5g\ <tkfO{;Fu s] s] tYo, ljj/0f, k|df0f 5g\ < ◦

v= tof/L M k[i7e"ldsf] vf]hL ug'{xf];\ Mv= tof/L M k[i7e"ldsf] vf]hL ug'{xf];\ M

tkfO{nfO{ s] s] ;"rgf rflxG5 <tkfO{nfO{ s] s] ;"rgf rflxG5 < ◦

tkfO{ sxfF x]g{ hfFb} x'g'x'G5 <tkfO{ sxfF x]g{ hfFb} x'g'x'G5 < ◦

tkfO{sf] k|:tfjsf] ;dy{g ug]{ cleofgdf hfgsf/Lsf] pkof]u s;/L ul//xg' ePsf] 5 <tkfO{sf] k|:tfjsf] ;dy{g ug]{ cleofgdf hfgsf/Lsf] pkof]u s;/L ul//xg' ePsf] 5 < ◦

pQm ;jfn -d'2f_ df gful/sx¿ s] ;f]R5g\ <pQm ;jfn -d'2f_ df gful/sx¿ s] ;f]R5g\ < ◦

pQm k|:tfjdf ;dy{g ug]{ dfldnfdf c¿ s] s] s'/fx¿ ;+rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ <pQm k|:tfjdf ;dy{g ug]{ dfldnfdf c¿ s] s] s'/fx¿ ;+rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ < ◦

ltgLx¿sf] ;d:of;Fu ePsf] ;Dks{af6 tkfO{n] s] s'/f l;Sg' eof] <ltgLx¿sf] ;d:of;Fu ePsf] ;Dks{af6 tkfO{n] s] s'/f l;Sg' eof] < ◦

tkfO{sf] lj/f]wL kIf sf] xf] <tkfO{sf] lj/f]wL kIf sf] xf] < ◦

tkfO{sf] To;k|ltsf k|ltlqmofx¿ s] s] x'g\ <tkfO{sf] To;k|ltsf k|ltlqmofx¿ s] s] x'g\ < ◦

To; 36gfdf ljBdfg sfg'gn] s] pNn]v ub{5 < s] of] 7Ls 5 < olb 5 eg] s] o;nfO{ s'g} To; 36gfdf ljBdfg sfg'gn] s] pNn]v ub{5 < s] of] 7Ls 5 < olb 5 eg] s] o;nfO{ s'g} ◦cfb]zsf] h¿/t 5 < olb 7Ls 5}g eg] s] :yflkt sfg'gdf ;+zf]wgsf] cfjZostf 5 jf gofF cfb]zsf] h¿/t 5 < olb 7Ls 5}g eg] s] :yflkt sfg'gdf ;+zf]wgsf] cfjZostf 5 jf gofF lgod sfg'gsf] h¿/t 5 <lgod sfg'gsf] h¿/t 5 <

o; dfldnfsf] nflu s] s] :yflkt cGt/f{li6«o ;Demf}tfx¿sf] c;/ kb{5 <o; dfldnfsf] nflu s] s] :yflkt cGt/f{li6«o ;Demf}tfx¿sf] c;/ kb{5 < ◦

tkfO{n] lgsfn]sf] ;dfwfgaf6 s;sf] lht / s;sf] xf/ x'g] h:tf] b]lvG5 <tkfO{n] lgsfn]sf] ;dfwfgaf6 s;sf] lht / s;sf] xf/ x'g] h:tf] b]lvG5 < ◦

tkfO{sf] k}/jLnfO{ cfkm\gf] vf]hdf s;/L k|of]u ub}{ x'g'x'G5 <tkfO{sf] k}/jLnfO{ cfkm\gf] vf]hdf s;/L k|of]u ub}{ x'g'x'G5 < ◦

cfkm"k|lt ;~rf/nfO{ s;/L cfslif{t ug'{x'G5 < -tkfO{sf] k|:tfjsf] ;dy{g ug]{ p2]Zosf nflu cfkm"k|lt ;~rf/nfO{ s;/L cfslif{t ug'{x'G5 < -tkfO{sf] k|:tfjsf] ;dy{g ug]{ p2]Zosf nflu ◦;~rf/sf] ;Dks{ o:tf dfldnfdf ;+j]bgzLn x'G5 eGg] cg'ej ug'{x'G5 eg]_ ;~rf/sf] ;Dks{ o:tf dfldnfdf ;+j]bgzLn x'G5 eGg] cg'ej ug'{x'G5 eg]_

u= lg0f{o / k|fyldstf Mu= lg0f{o / k|fyldstf M

tkfO{ s] s'/f k|fKt ug{ rfxg' x'G5 < nIo / p2]Zox¿ k|lt cfkm' :ki6 x'g'xf];\ .tkfO{ s] s'/f k|fKt ug{ rfxg' x'G5 < nIo / p2]Zox¿ k|lt cfkm' :ki6 x'g'xf];\ . ◦

s;nfO{ nlIft agfpg' h¿/L 5 < s'g nlIft JolQm jf ;+:yfx¿nfO{ tkfO{ k|efj kfg{ rfxg' s;nfO{ nlIft agfpg' h¿/L 5 < s'g nlIft JolQm jf ;+:yfx¿nfO{ tkfO{ k|efj kfg{ rfxg' ◦x'G5 < tkfO{n] ;+af]wg u/]sf] ;'/Iff ;DaGwL dfldnfdf s;sf] zlQm jf pQ/bfloTj dxTjk"0f{ 5 x'G5 < tkfO{n] ;+af]wg u/]sf] ;'/Iff ;DaGwL dfldnfdf s;sf] zlQm jf pQ/bfloTj dxTjk"0f{ 5 eGg] s'/fdf vf]h ug'{xf];\ . s'g} /fhg}lts bnsf g]tfx¿ < s'g} gLlt lgdf{tf < dGqfnoleqsf eGg] s'/fdf vf]h ug'{xf];\ . s'g} /fhg}lts bnsf g]tfx¿ < s'g} gLlt lgdf{tf < dGqfnoleqsf ljz]if JolQm < ;+;b, uflj;, lhlj; cflbsf s'g s'g ;b:ox¿ <ljz]if JolQm < ;+;b, uflj;, lhlj; cflbsf s'g s'g ;b:ox¿ <

ltgLx¿;Dd tkfO{sf] kx'Fr s;/L x'G5 <ltgLx¿;Dd tkfO{sf] kx'Fr s;/L x'G5 < ◦

7070

ltgLx¿n] tkfO{nfO{ lsg ;xof]u ug'{ k5{ eGg] s'/fsf] ts{ lbg] lg0f{o ug'{xf];\ .ltgLx¿n] tkfO{nfO{ lsg ;xof]u ug'{ k5{ eGg] s'/fsf] ts{ lbg] lg0f{o ug'{xf];\ . ◦

tkfO{ ltgLx¿nfO{ s] u/fpg rfxg' x'G5 lg0f{o ug'{xf];\ .tkfO{ ltgLx¿nfO{ s] u/fpg rfxg' x'G5 lg0f{o ug'{xf];\ . ◦

tkfO{ ltgLx¿nfO{ slxn] Tof] sfd u/fpg rfxg' x'G5 lg0f{o ug'{xf];\ .tkfO{ ltgLx¿nfO{ slxn] Tof] sfd u/fpg rfxg' x'G5 lg0f{o ug'{xf];\ . ◦

3= sfo{ M sfo{sf nflu :ki6 lgb]{zg / cg'/f]w pNn]v ug'{ k5{ M3= sfo{ M sfo{sf nflu :ki6 lgb]{zg / cg'/f]w pNn]v ug'{ k5{ M

tkfO{sf] dfldnfsf af/]df nlIft >f]tf÷bz{s÷ju{ -JolQm jf ;fd"lxs_ nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'xf]; .tkfO{sf] dfldnfsf af/]df nlIft >f]tf÷bz{s÷ju{ -JolQm jf ;fd"lxs_ nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'xf]; . ◦

tkfO{sf] nlIft >f]tf÷bz{s÷ju{nfO{ tkfO{ k|lt ;xdt u/fpg'xf]; .tkfO{sf] nlIft >f]tf÷bz{s÷ju{nfO{ tkfO{ k|lt ;xdt u/fpg'xf]; . ◦

tkfO{sf] nlIft >f]tf÷bz{s÷ju{nfO{ tkfO{sf] sf/0f sfo{ ug]{ s'/fdf ;xof]u ug{ ;zQm tkfO{sf] nlIft >f]tf÷bz{s÷ju{nfO{ tkfO{sf] sf/0f sfo{ ug]{ s'/fdf ;xof]u ug{ ;zQm ◦k|f]T;fxg k|bfg ug'{xf];\ .k|f]T;fxg k|bfg ug'{xf];\ .

sfo{ ug{ kl/rfng ug{ nufpgf];\, ltgLx¿nfO{ /fd|f];Fu j0f{g ug'{xf];\ .sfo{ ug{ kl/rfng ug{ nufpgf];\, ltgLx¿nfO{ /fd|f];Fu j0f{g ug'{xf];\ . ◦

lsg ltgLx¿n] tkfO{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ < tkfO{sf] k|:tfjdf ;dy{g ubf{ pQm nlIft ;d"xx¿nfO{ lsg ltgLx¿n] tkfO{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ < tkfO{sf] k|:tfjdf ;dy{g ubf{ pQm nlIft ;d"xx¿nfO{ ◦s] kmfObf x'G5 <s] kmfObf x'G5 <

tkfO{ ltgLx¿nfO{ s] u/fpg rfxg' x'G5 < tkfO{ pgLx¿af6 s] rfxg' x'G5 eg]/ oyfy{¿kdf tkfO{ ltgLx¿nfO{ s] u/fpg rfxg' x'G5 < tkfO{ pgLx¿af6 s] rfxg' x'G5 eg]/ oyfy{¿kdf ◦JofVof ug'{xf]; tfls pgLx¿nfO{ bf]wf/ gxf];\ .JofVof ug'{xf]; tfls pgLx¿nfO{ bf]wf/ gxf];\ .

@= n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k|:tfjdf ;dy{g ug{ gful/s ;dfhsf] e"ldsf M@= n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k|:tfjdf ;dy{g ug{ gful/s ;dfhsf] e"ldsf M

lg0f{fosx¿sf nflu /fd|/L pNn]lvt ;+lIfKt ljj/0f k|bfg ug]{lg0f{fosx¿sf nflu /fd|/L pNn]lvt ;+lIfKt ljj/0f k|bfg ug]{ ◦

n}lËs tyf ;'/Iff dfldnfdf ;~rf/nfO{ oyfy{ ljj/0f k|bfg ug]{n}lËs tyf ;'/Iff dfldnfdf ;~rf/nfO{ oyfy{ ljj/0f k|bfg ug]{ ◦

:yfgLo, /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o clwsf/Lx¿ tyf /fhgLlt1x¿sf] lg0f{osf] cg'udg ug]{:yfgLo, /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o clwsf/Lx¿ tyf /fhgLlt1x¿sf] lg0f{osf] cg'udg ug]{ ◦

g]t[TjnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{g]t[TjnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ ◦

sfg'gsf] kl/dfh{g, k|efjsfl/tf tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ g]t[TjnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .sfg'gsf] kl/dfh{g, k|efjsfl/tf tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ g]t[TjnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ . ◦

cflwsf/Lx¿ tyf /fhgLlt1x¿nfO{ pQ/bfoL agfpg sl7g k|Zg ;f]Wg] .cflwsf/Lx¿ tyf /fhgLlt1x¿nfO{ pQ/bfoL agfpg sl7g k|Zg ;f]Wg] . ◦

;+:yfx¿df kf/blz{tfsf] sdL x'Fbf lj/f]w ug]{ .;+:yfx¿df kf/blz{tfsf] sdL x'Fbf lj/f]w ug]{ . ◦

e|i6frf/ lj¿4 c¿nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] .e|i6frf/ lj¿4 c¿nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] . ◦

lg0f{ostf{x¿nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ;Demf}tf k"/f ug{ st{Joaf]w u/fpg] .lg0f{ostf{x¿nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ;Demf}tf k"/f ug{ st{Joaf]w u/fpg] . ◦

;fdfu|L @);fdfu|L @)


;fdu|L @!;fdu|L @!/fd|f] k|]; lj1lKt s;/L tof/ ug]{ </fd|f] k|]; lj1lKt s;/L tof/ ug]{ <

tkfO{sf] tkfO{sf] k|]; lj1lKt k|]; lj1lKt

eg]sf] eg]sf] Pp6f lk/fld8 xf] eg]/ Pp6f lk/fld8 xf] eg]/

;f]Rg'xf];\ . ;f]Rg'xf];\ .

;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ a'Fbfx¿ klxnf] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ a'Fbfx¿ klxnf] cg'R5]bdf n]Vg'xf];\ –cg'R5]bdf n]Vg'xf];\ –

sf], s], lsg, s;/L, sxfF, slxn] <sf], s], lsg, s;/L, sxfF, slxn] <

k|]; lj1lKtdf s]–s:tf hfgsf/L ;fd]n ug'{kb{5 Mk|]; lj1lKtdf s]–s:tf hfgsf/L ;fd]n ug'{kb{5 M

!_ o;nfO{ :d/0fLo agfpg]!_ o;nfO{ :d/0fLo agfpg]

@_ k|]; lj1lKt Jofj;flos agfpgf];\ . cfkm\gf] k|]; lj1lKtnfO{ gf]6 kfgfdf lk|G6 ugf]{;\ h;sf] dfly @_ k|]; lj1lKt Jofj;flos agfpgf];\ . cfkm\gf] k|]; lj1lKtnfO{ gf]6 kfgfdf lk|G6 ugf]{;\ h;sf] dfly tkfO{n] k|]; lj1lKt n]Vgf];\ .tkfO{n] k|]; lj1lKt n]Vgf];\ .

#_ o;nfO{ 5f]6f] agfpgf];\ – Ps jf b'O{ k]hsf] . cfjZostf cg';f/ kqsf/x¿nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg k|]; #_ o;nfO{ 5f]6f] agfpgf];\ – Ps jf b'O{ k]hsf] . cfjZostf cg';f/ kqsf/x¿nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg k|]; lj1lKtsf] ;fdu|L / tYof+ssf k[i7e"ld ;dfj]z ePsf] km'6s/ kfgfx¿ klg yKg ;lsG5 .lj1lKtsf] ;fdu|L / tYof+ssf k[i7e"ld ;dfj]z ePsf] km'6s/ kfgfx¿ klg yKg ;lsG5 .

$_ kqsf/x¿nfO{ k|]; lj1lKt lbFbf k|sflzt ePsf] ldlt pNn]v ug]{ – h;n] of] tfhf hfgsf/L xf] eg]/ $_ kqsf/x¿nfO{ k|]; lj1lKt lbFbf k|sflzt ePsf] ldlt pNn]v ug]{ – h;n] of] tfhf hfgsf/L xf] eg]/ b]vfpF5 .b]vfpF5 .

%_ 5f]6f] t/ cfsif{s zLif{s lbg'xf];\ . 36gfsf] lj:tf/ jf 3f]if0ff kfFr–5 zAbdf ugf]{;\ . k]hsf] ;'¿df, %_ 5f]6f] t/ cfsif{s zLif{s lbg'xf];\ . 36gfsf] lj:tf/ jf 3f]if0ff kfFr–5 zAbdf ugf]{;\ . k]hsf] ;'¿df, aLrdf klxnf] jfSo 7"nf cIf/df n]Vgf];\ . of] ;Gb]zd"ns / kf7ssf] Wofg cfslif{t ug]{ x'g'kb{5 .aLrdf klxnf] jfSo 7"nf cIf/df n]Vgf];\ . of] ;Gb]zd"ns / kf7ssf] Wofg cfslif{t ug]{ x'g'kb{5 .

^_ ;a} lj:t[t ljj/0fnfO{ klxnf] cg'R5]bdf /fVg] . s;n] af]ln/x]sf] 5 pNn]v ug]{ . pgLx¿n] s]xL ^_ ;a} lj:t[t ljj/0fnfO{ klxnf] cg'R5]bdf /fVg] . s;n] af]ln/x]sf] 5 pNn]v ug]{ . pgLx¿n] s]xL ljjfbf:kb s'/f af]Ng nfu]sf] x'g;S5 jf s]xL /f]df~rs 36gf 36\g ;S5 . h:t} M vf;÷ljz]if ljjfbf:kb s'/f af]Ng nfu]sf] x'g;S5 jf s]xL /f]df~rs 36gf 36\g ;S5 . h:t} M vf;÷ljz]if 36gf .36gf .

&_ tkfO{n] k|]; lj1lKtsf] s'/f n]Vbf cfkm" Ps kqsf/ ePsf] sNkgf ug'{xf];\ . tkfO{sf] k|]; lj1lKt &_ tkfO{n] k|]; lj1lKtsf] s'/f n]Vbf cfkm" Ps kqsf/ ePsf] sNkgf ug'{xf];\ . tkfO{sf] k|]; lj1lKt sf], s], s;nfO{, slxn], s;/L / lsg eg]/ JofVof ug'{ kb{5 . olb of] s'g} 36gf xf] eg] pkl:yt sf], s], s;nfO{, slxn], s;/L / lsg eg]/ JofVof ug'{ kb{5 . olb of] s'g} 36gf xf] eg] pkl:yt JolQm÷jQmf -5 eg]_ gfd pNn]v ug'{;\ . ldlt, ;do, :yfg;Fu} b'O{ tLg nfOgdf Wofg cfsif{0f ug]{ JolQm÷jQmf -5 eg]_ gfd pNn]v ug'{;\ . ldlt, ;do, :yfg;Fu} b'O{ tLg nfOgdf Wofg cfsif{0f ug]{ zAb;Fu 36gfsf] JofVof ug'{;\ .zAb;Fu 36gfsf] JofVof ug'{;\ .

*_ tkfO{sf] ;+:yfsf] gfd / lj:t[t ;Dks{ hfgsf/L k|]; lj1lKtsf] clGtddf ;dfj]z u/fpgf];\ .*_ tkfO{sf] ;+:yfsf] gfd / lj:t[t ;Dks{ hfgsf/L k|]; lj1lKtsf] clGtddf ;dfj]z u/fpgf];\ .

(_ tkfO{ jf tkfO{sf] ;+:yfsf] k|jQmfnfO{ ;a} ;dodf s;/L ;Dks{ /fVg ;lsG5 – -kmf]g÷ (_ tkfO{ jf tkfO{sf] ;+:yfsf] k|jQmfnfO{ ;a} ;dodf s;/L ;Dks{ /fVg ;lsG5 – -kmf]g÷ df]afOn÷Od]n_ – ljbf / sfof{no ;do kZrftsf] ;do pNn]v ug'{; .df]afOn÷Od]n_ – ljbf / sfof{no ;do kZrftsf] ;do pNn]v ug'{; .

!)_ gfd pNn]v u/]sf] JolQmnfO{ dfq k|]; lj1lKt k7fpgf];\ . olb tkfO{nfO{ JolQmsf] ;xL gfd yfxf 5}g !)_ gfd pNn]v u/]sf] JolQmnfO{ dfq k|]; lj1lKt k7fpgf];\ . olb tkfO{nfO{ JolQmsf] ;xL gfd yfxf 5}g eg] /]l8of] :6];g, l6eL :6];gsf sfo{qmd pTkfbs jf kqklqsfsf ;Dkfbs¿nfO{ kmf]g u/]/ ;xL eg] /]l8of] :6];g, l6eL :6];gsf sfo{qmd pTkfbs jf kqklqsfsf ;Dkfbs¿nfO{ kmf]g u/]/ ;xL

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gfd kQf nufpgf];\ . tkfO{sf] ;DalGwt ljifodf sfd nfUg] vfnsf] kqklqsf k9\g], sfo{qmd ;'Gg] gfd kQf nufpgf];\ . tkfO{sf] ;DalGwt ljifodf sfd nfUg] vfnsf] kqklqsf k9\g], sfo{qmd ;'Gg] jf x]g]{ / tL g} JolQmx¿nfO{ k|]; lj1lKt k7fpg] .jf x]g]{ / tL g} JolQmx¿nfO{ k|]; lj1lKt k7fpg] .

!!_ ljz]if1 jf lr/kl/lrt JolQmTjx¿sf] s]xL ljlzi6 p4/0f ;dfj]z u/fpgf];\ . To:tf p4/0fx¿ k|]; !!_ ljz]if1 jf lr/kl/lrt JolQmTjx¿sf] s]xL ljlzi6 p4/0f ;dfj]z u/fpgf];\ . To:tf p4/0fx¿ k|]; lj1lKt , krf{ jf lnkmn]6sf nflu jf l6eL tyf /]l8of]sf cGt/jftf{{sf nflu kqsf/x¿nfO{ k|bfg ug{ lj1lKt , krf{ jf lnkmn]6sf nflu jf l6eL tyf /]l8of]sf cGt/jftf{{sf nflu kqsf/x¿nfO{ k|bfg ug{ lgs} sfd nfU5g\ .lgs} sfd nfU5g\ .

;~rf/df p4/0fsf] k|of]u ug{ ;Nnfx M;~rf/df p4/0fsf] k|of]u ug{ ;Nnfx M

;d"xsf lj1x¿åf/f lr/kl/lrt / ;DdfggLo ;b:ox¿åf/f tkfO{sf] sfo{nfO{ ;xfotf k'¥ofpg] ;d"xsf lj1x¿åf/f lr/kl/lrt / ;DdfggLo ;b:ox¿åf/f tkfO{sf] sfo{nfO{ ;xfotf k'¥ofpg] •vfnsf] ;zQm p4/0fx¿ qmda4 ¿kdf /fVg] . tkfO{sf] ;dy{g kDkn]6 / lnkmn]6x¿ klg k|]; vfnsf] ;zQm p4/0fx¿ qmda4 ¿kdf /fVg] . tkfO{sf] ;dy{g kDkn]6 / lnkmn]6x¿ klg k|]; lj1lKtdf ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsG5 . jf kqsf/x¿nfO{ l6eL / /]l8of]sf] cGt/jftf{{df k|of]u ug{ lj1lKtdf ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsG5 . jf kqsf/x¿nfO{ l6eL / /]l8of]sf] cGt/jftf{{df k|of]u ug{ lbg ;lsG5 . hgtfx¿ g]tfx¿sf tkm{af6 lgs} k|efljt x'G5g\ . lng ;lsg] pbfx/0fx¿df M lbg ;lsG5 . hgtfx¿ g]tfx¿sf tkm{af6 lgs} k|efljt x'G5g\ . lng ;lsg] pbfx/0fx¿df M tkfO{sf] ljifosf lj1x¿, 6]lnlehgsf k|Voft dlxnf jf k'¿if, /fhgLlt1, k|rlnt n]vs jf tkfO{sf] ljifosf lj1x¿, 6]lnlehgsf k|Voft dlxnf jf k'¿if, /fhgLlt1, k|rlnt n]vs jf sljx¿, Jofkfl/s g]tfx¿, j}1flgsx¿, lzIfx¿, k|Voft v]nf8Lx¿ cflb . pgLx¿sf] ;dy{gnfO{ sljx¿, Jofkfl/s g]tfx¿, j}1flgsx¿, lzIfx¿, k|Voft v]nf8Lx¿ cflb . pgLx¿sf] ;dy{gnfO{ ;Dkfbsx¿sf nflu kq n]Vbf jf kqklqsfsf] cGt/jftf{{ jf n]vgsf nflu k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .;Dkfbsx¿sf nflu kq n]Vbf jf kqklqsfsf] cGt/jftf{{ jf n]vgsf nflu k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

tkfO{sf] cleofgsf nflu gsf/fTds p4/0fx¿ klg d"Nojfg x'g ;S5g\ . jl/i7 /fhgLlt1 jf tkfO{sf] cleofgsf nflu gsf/fTds p4/0fx¿ klg d"Nojfg x'g ;S5g\ . jl/i7 /fhgLlt1 jf •kqklqsfsf n]vs cyjf 6]lnlehg jQmfx¿n] af]n]sf gsf/fTds p4/0fx¿ hDdf ugf]{;\ . pQm kqklqsfsf n]vs cyjf 6]lnlehg jQmfx¿n] af]n]sf gsf/fTds p4/0fx¿ hDdf ugf]{;\ . pQm pbfx/0fx¿nfO{ ljb]zL k|];df , ts{zLn g]tfx¿df k7fP/ To:tf gsf/fTds zAb k|of]u ug]{ pbfx/0fx¿nfO{ ljb]zL k|];df , ts{zLn g]tfx¿df k7fP/ To:tf gsf/fTds zAb k|of]u ug]{ JolQmx¿nfO{ xtf]T;flxt agfpg / tkfO{sf] sf/0fnfO{ a'em\g] / pkof]uL ;xfg'e"lt hgfpg hDdf ug]{ JolQmx¿nfO{ xtf]T;flxt agfpg / tkfO{sf] sf/0fnfO{ a'em\g] / pkof]uL ;xfg'e"lt hgfpg hDdf ug]{ sfddf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .sfddf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

Od]nåf/f ul/g] k|]; lj1lKtsf nflu hfgsf/L MOd]nåf/f ul/g] k|]; lj1lKtsf nflu hfgsf/L M

ljifoj:t'nfO{ 5f]6f] tyf ljifo s]lGb|t agfpg';\ . c¿ k|]; lj1lKtsf] lk/fld8 h:t} Od]n k|]; ljifoj:t'nfO{ 5f]6f] tyf ljifo s]lGb|t agfpg';\ . c¿ k|]; lj1lKtsf] lk/fld8 h:t} Od]n k|]; •lj1lKtdf klg ToxL lk/fld8sf] kfngf ug'{ kb{5 . -/fd|f] k|]; lj1lKtsf nflu v08 -;]S;g_ x]g'{;\_ .lj1lKtdf klg ToxL lk/fld8sf] kfngf ug'{ kb{5 . -/fd|f] k|]; lj1lKtsf nflu v08 -;]S;g_ x]g'{;\_ .

hf]8bf/ jf ljrf/f]Q]hs Od]nsf] ljifoj:t' n]Vg';\ . ljifoj:t' g} klxnf] rLh xf] h'g k|fksn] tkfO{sf] hf]8bf/ jf ljrf/f]Q]hs Od]nsf] ljifoj:t' n]Vg';\ . ljifoj:t' g} klxnf] rLh xf] h'g k|fksn] tkfO{sf] •lj1lKt 8fpgnf]8 ubf{ b]lvG5 . ljifo g/fvLsg tkfO{sf] k|]; lj1lKt s;}nfO{ klg gk7fpg'xf];\= . lj1lKt 8fpgnf]8 ubf{ b]lvG5 . ljifo g/fvLsg tkfO{sf] k|]; lj1lKt s;}nfO{ klg gk7fpg'xf];\= . lsgeg] k|foM dflg;n] ljifoj:t' ljgfsf] Od]n x]bf{ klg x]b}{gg\ .lsgeg] k|foM dflg;n] ljifoj:t' ljgfsf] Od]n x]bf{ klg x]b}{gg\ .

tkfO{sf] Od]n 7]ufgf j]a;fO6, o'cf/Pn nufot kmf]g gDa/ klg ;dfj]z u/fpgf];\ . k|]; lj1lKtsf] tkfO{sf] Od]n 7]ufgf j]a;fO6, o'cf/Pn nufot kmf]g gDa/ klg ;dfj]z u/fpgf];\ . k|]; lj1lKtsf] •;a}eGbf dfly tkfO{sf] ;Dks{ ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/L ;dfj]z u/fpgf];\ .;a}eGbf dfly tkfO{sf] ;Dks{ ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ hfgsf/L ;dfj]z u/fpgf];\ .

j]a;fO6df pko'Qm ;Dks{ k|0ffnL k|of]u ugf]{;\ . o;sf cltl/Qm tkfO{sf] j]a;fO6df c¿ hfgsf/L j]a;fO6df pko'Qm ;Dks{ k|0ffnL k|of]u ugf]{;\ . o;sf cltl/Qm tkfO{sf] j]a;fO6df c¿ hfgsf/L •5 eg] h:t} 36gfsf] 3f]if0ff l56f] ;Dks{ k|0ffnL ;dfj]z ugf]{;\ tf ls ;Djfbftfn] o;df bfof lSns 5 eg] h:t} 36gfsf] 3f]if0ff l56f] ;Dks{ k|0ffnL ;dfj]z ugf]{;\ tf ls ;Djfbftfn] o;df bfof lSns ug{ ;s'g\ . cgnfOg k|sfzsx¿n] k|foM o:tf ;Dks{ k|0ffnLx¿ cfkm\gf 36gf÷syfx¿df ;fd]n u/L ug{ ;s'g\ . cgnfOg k|sfzsx¿n] k|foM o:tf ;Dks{ k|0ffnLx¿ cfkm\gf 36gf÷syfx¿df ;fd]n u/L o;nfO{ cg'udg ug]{ JolQmx¿n] pkof]u u/L j]a;fO6sf ¿kdf k|efjsf/L 9+un] k|of]u ug{ ;Sb5g\ .o;nfO{ cg'udg ug]{ JolQmx¿n] pkof]u u/L j]a;fO6sf ¿kdf k|efjsf/L 9+un] k|of]u ug{ ;Sb5g\ .

;xsdL{;Fu cfwf/–lgodx¿ to ug]{ M;xsdL{;Fu cfwf/–lgodx¿ to ug]{ M

;~rf/ Ps k|an tyf efjgfTds ¿kdf ;Dk|]if0fLo dfWod xf] h;n] ;dfrf/ k|sfzg / k|]; ;dIf ;~rf/ Ps k|an tyf efjgfTds ¿kdf ;Dk|]if0fLo dfWod xf] h;n] ;dfrf/ k|sfzg / k|]; ;dIf tkfO{sf] k|:tfjgf ;dy{g ;d"x÷6f]nL jf sld6L aLr cfGtl/s åGå / c;xdltx¿, k|Tof/f]k h:tf tkfO{sf] k|:tfjgf ;dy{g ;d"x÷6f]nL jf sld6L aLr cfGtl/s åGå / c;xdltx¿, k|Tof/f]k h:tf sfo{x¿n] uDeL/ c;/ ug{ ;Sb5g\ . cfGtl/s åGånfO{ 36fpg tkfO{n] cfufdL k|]; jStJo hf/L ubf{ sfo{x¿n] uDeL/ c;/ ug{ ;Sb5g\ . cfGtl/s åGånfO{ 36fpg tkfO{n] cfufdL k|]; jStJo hf/L ubf{ ljz]iftM olb To;df ;zQm k|ltj4tf jf gLltlgodsf] jStJo 5 eg] k|]; clwsf/Ln] jf k|]; lj1lKt n]Vg] ljz]iftM olb To;df ;zQm k|ltj4tf jf gLltlgodsf] jStJo 5 eg] k|]; clwsf/Ln] jf k|]; lj1lKt n]Vg] lhDd]jf/L lnPsf] JolQmn] MlhDd]jf/L lnPsf] JolQmn] M

s'g} k|]; lj1lKtsf nflu ;s];Dd w]/} ;xsdL{sf] dGh'/L k|fKt ug'{;\ .s'g} k|]; lj1lKtsf nflu ;s];Dd w]/} ;xsdL{sf] dGh'/L k|fKt ug'{;\ . •

k|]; jStJodf h;sf] p4x/0f lbOFb} 5, p;sf] egfO÷zAbsf] nflu dGh'/L lngf];\ .k|]; jStJodf h;sf] p4x/0f lbOFb} 5, p;sf] egfO÷zAbsf] nflu dGh'/L lngf];\ . •

;fdfu|L @!;fdfu|L @!


;fdu|L @@;fdu|L @@n}lËs / ;'/Iff–;DalGwt 36gfx¿sf nflu ;DefJo ljifox¿n}lËs / ;'/Iff–;DalGwt 36gfx¿sf nflu ;DefJo ljifox¿

s] ;'/Iff / /IffTds sfg'g gLlt / 3f]if0fkqx¿ dlxnf, k'¿if, s]6L, s]6f / dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] s] ;'/Iff / /IffTds sfg'g gLlt / 3f]if0fkqx¿ dlxnf, k'¿if, s]6L, s]6f / dlxnf ;xeflutfsf] •ljoodf ;Daf]wg ug{ plrt x'g\ <ljoodf ;Daf]wg ug{ plrt x'g\ <

k'¿ifnfO{ s] To:tf ;xof]uLx¿ 5g\ h;n] k'¿ifsf] lx+;fTds afgL Jojxf/df kl/jt{g Nofpg ;S5 <k'¿ifnfO{ s] To:tf ;xof]uLx¿ 5g\ h;n] k'¿ifsf] lx+;fTds afgL Jojxf/df kl/jt{g Nofpg ;S5 < •

hjfg k'¿ifx¿nfO{ s] s:tf cfly{s / ;fdflhs cj;/x¿ k|fKt 5g\ h;nfO{ c;'/Iffsf] ljifo;Fu hjfg k'¿ifx¿nfO{ s] s:tf cfly{s / ;fdflhs cj;/x¿ k|fKt 5g\ h;nfO{ c;'/Iffsf] ljifo;Fu •hf]8\g ;lsof];\ <hf]8\g ;lsof];\ <

hjfg dlxnfx¿nfO{ s] s:tf cfly{s / ;fdflhs cj;/x¿ k|fKt 5g\ h;nfO{ c;'/Iffsf] ljifo;Fu hjfg dlxnfx¿nfO{ s] s:tf cfly{s / ;fdflhs cj;/x¿ k|fKt 5g\ h;nfO{ c;'/Iffsf] ljifo;Fu •hf]8\g ;lsof];\ <hf]8\g ;lsof];\ <

s] ;'/Iff ;+oGqsf JolQmx¿df To:tf of]Uotf, cg'ej tflnd / ;fwgx¿ 5g\ h;n] dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] s] ;'/Iff ;+oGqsf JolQmx¿df To:tf of]Uotf, cg'ej tflnd / ;fwgx¿ 5g\ h;n] dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] •;'/Iff / Gofosf ljifodf plrt ;+af]wg ug{ ;s'g\ <;'/Iff / Gofosf ljifodf plrt ;+af]wg ug{ ;s'g\ <

n}lËs tyf of}ghGo lx+;fnfO{ ;+af]wg ug]{ s] To:tf] ljz]if ;+oGq 5 / s] Tof] kof{Kt 5 <n}lËs tyf of}ghGo lx+;fnfO{ ;+af]wg ug]{ s] To:tf] ljz]if ;+oGq 5 / s] Tof] kof{Kt 5 < •

cGo b]zx¿n] n}lËs / ;'/Iffsf] ljifonfO{ s;/L kl/rfng u/]sf 5g\, o;af6 s:tf] kf7 l;S5g\ <cGo b]zx¿n] n}lËs / ;'/Iffsf] ljifonfO{ s;/L kl/rfng u/]sf 5g\, o;af6 s:tf] kf7 l;S5g\ < •

;'/Iff ;DaGwL cfjZostf dlxnf / s]6LnfO{ k'¿if / s]6feGbf s;/L km/s 5 <;'/Iff ;DaGwL cfjZostf dlxnf / s]6LnfO{ k'¿if / s]6feGbf s;/L km/s 5 < •

dlxnf tyf aflnsfx¿n] pgLx¿sf] ;'/Iff ;DaGwL cfjZostf;Fu s;/L ;fdgf ul//x]sf 5g\ <dlxnf tyf aflnsfx¿n] pgLx¿sf] ;'/Iff ;DaGwL cfjZostf;Fu s;/L ;fdgf ul//x]sf 5g\ < •

s] dlxnf tyf aflnsfx¿ lx+;f tyf anfTsf/af6 sfg'gL ¿kdf ;'/lIft 5g\ < s] tL lgodx¿ nfu' s] dlxnf tyf aflnsfx¿ lx+;f tyf anfTsf/af6 sfg'gL ¿kdf ;'/lIft 5g\ < s] tL lgodx¿ nfu' •ePsf 5g\ <ePsf 5g\ <

To:tf lx+;faf6 kLl8t dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ s] s] ;]jf k|bfg ul/G5 < s] k|x/L;Fu o:tf To:tf lx+;faf6 kLl8t dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ s] s] ;]jf k|bfg ul/G5 < s] k|x/L;Fu o:tf •of}g b'Jo{jxf/af6 kLl8tx¿sf nflu ljz]if ;xfotfsf] Joj:yf 5 <of}g b'Jo{jxf/af6 kLl8tx¿sf nflu ljz]if ;xfotfsf] Joj:yf 5 <

o:tf of}g b'Jo{jxf/af6 kLl8tx¿nfO{ ;dfhn] s:tf] Jojxf/ ub{5 <o:tf of}g b'Jo{jxf/af6 kLl8tx¿nfO{ ;dfhn] s:tf] Jojxf/ ub{5 < •

s] dlxnfx¿nfO{ lxF88'n ug{ :jtGqtf 5 < h:t} 3/ 5f]8]/ c¿ lhNnfdf hfg .s] dlxnfx¿nfO{ lxF88'n ug{ :jtGqtf 5 < h:t} 3/ 5f]8]/ c¿ lhNnfdf hfg . •

gful/s ;dfh / ;/sf/n] ;'/Iff lgsfosf] nfk/jfxL / ;xof]usf] tfnd]n s;/L ldnfPsf] 5 <gful/s ;dfh / ;/sf/n] ;'/Iff lgsfosf] nfk/jfxL / ;xof]usf] tfnd]n s;/L ldnfPsf] 5 < • $@$@

;'/Iff lgsfo ljz]iftM ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;'/Iff :yfkgf sfo{df dlxnfx¿sf] e"ldsf s:tf] 5 .;'/Iff lgsfo ljz]iftM ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] ;'/Iff :yfkgf sfo{df dlxnfx¿sf] e"ldsf s:tf] 5 . •

;'/Iff ;DaGwL dfldnfn] g]kfndf dlxnf / k'¿ifdfly leGgfleGg} lsl;dsf] c;/ k'¥ofpF5 . h:t} M;'/Iff ;DaGwL dfldnfn] g]kfndf dlxnf / k'¿ifdfly leGgfleGg} lsl;dsf] c;/ k'¥ofpF5 . h:t} M •

sdhf]/ ;'/Iff lgsfosdhf]/ ;'/Iff lgsfo ◦

sfg'gL zf;gdf /fhg}lts bnsf] x:tIf]ksfg'gL zf;gdf /fhg}lts bnsf] x:tIf]k ◦

n}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f, 3/]n' lx+;f, anfTsf/, dlxnf a]rljvg nufotn}lËs Pjd\ of}ghGo lx+;f, 3/]n' lx+;f, anfTsf/, dlxnf a]rljvg nufot ◦

xltof/wf/L ;d"x / ck/flws ultljlwxltof/wf/L ;d"x / ck/flws ultljlw ◦

/fhg}lts ck/fwLs/0f/fhg}lts ck/fwLs/0f ◦

;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] /fhgLlts/0f / ck/flws/0f;'/Iff lgsfox¿sf] /fhgLlts/0f / ck/flws/0f ◦

$@$@ ‘Practice Note 13: Implementing the Women, Peace and Security Resolutions in Security Sector Reform’, in Gender and ‘Practice Note 13: Implementing the Women, Peace and Security Resolutions in Security Sector Reform’, in Gender and

Security Sector Reform Toolkit, Bastick M and Valasek K (eds), (DCAF, OSCE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW, 2008).Security Sector Reform Toolkit, Bastick M and Valasek K (eds), (DCAF, OSCE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW, 2008).

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;fdu|L @#;fdu|L @#lg0f{ostf{x¿;Fusf] e]6÷a}7ssf af/]df dfubz{glg0f{ostf{x¿;Fusf] e]6÷a}7ssf af/]df dfubz{g

!_ e]6÷j}7ssf nflu ;xL JolQmsf] klxrfg M!_ e]6÷j}7ssf nflu ;xL JolQmsf] klxrfg M

of] :jfefljs nfUg ;S5 t/ tkfO{n] rfx]sf] s'/f af]Ng] JolQmnfO{ cg'/f]w ug]{ / ToxL cg';f/sf] vf]h of] :jfefljs nfUg ;S5 t/ tkfO{n] rfx]sf] s'/f af]Ng] JolQmnfO{ cg'/f]w ug]{ / ToxL cg';f/sf] vf]h klg ug]{ . o;f] ug{sf lglDt ;lx stf{sf] rog ug{ -actor-mapping_ Joj:yf ldnfP/ tkfO{sf] k|d'v klg ug]{ . o;f] ug{sf lglDt ;lx stf{sf] rog ug{ -actor-mapping_ Joj:yf ldnfP/ tkfO{sf] k|d'v k|:tfjgfsf] nIo / cfjZostf, tkfO{sf] ljz]if cle¿lr ePsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf k|:tfjgfsf] nIo / cfjZostf, tkfO{sf] ljz]if cle¿lr ePsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf k|:t't ug{ cfjZos 5 . stf{sf] Joj:yfkgn] To:t} k|sf/sf] ;f]rdf 9fNg d2t ub{5 . h:t} lgDglnlvt k|:t't ug{ cfjZos 5 . stf{sf] Joj:yfkgn] To:t} k|sf/sf] ;f]rdf 9fNg d2t ub{5 . h:t} lgDglnlvt tflnsfnfO{ x]/f}+ M tflnsfnfO{ x]/f}+ M

stf{stf{ stf{sf] gfd -s'g} JolQm, ljefu / ;+u7gsf] gfd x'g;S5 _stf{sf] gfd -s'g} JolQm, ljefu / ;+u7gsf] gfd x'g;S5 _

stf{sf OR5f / cfjZostfx¿stf{sf OR5f / cfjZostfx¿ stf{sf jf:tljs OR5fx¿ s] x'g\ -;fj{hlgs ¿kdf gufFl;Psf_ / stf{sf jf:tljs OR5fx¿ s] x'g\ -;fj{hlgs ¿kdf gufFl;Psf_ / cfjZostfx¿ s] x'g\ -;fj{hlgs ¿kdf ufFl;Psf _cfjZostfx¿ s] x'g\ -;fj{hlgs ¿kdf ufFl;Psf _

k|d'v ;jfnx¿sf] lg0f{odf k|efj kfg]{ stf{sf] zlQmk|d'v ;jfnx¿sf] lg0f{odf k|efj kfg]{ stf{sf] zlQm stf{;Fu s] zlQm 5 / lsg 5 < Tof] nfdf] ;do;Dd lg/Gt/ /lx/xG5 ls stf{;Fu s] zlQm 5 / lsg 5 < Tof] nfdf] ;do;Dd lg/Gt/ /lx/xG5 ls kl/jt{g x'G5 <kl/jt{g x'G5 <

stf{nfO{ s;n] k|efj kf5{ <stf{nfO{ s;n] k|efj kf5{ < of] stf{nfO{ s;n] k|efj kf5{ < cGo JolQm, ljefu / ;+u7gsf af/]df ;f]rof] stf{nfO{ s;n] k|efj kf5{ < cGo JolQm, ljefu / ;+u7gsf af/]df ;f]r

stf{sf] k|d'v lg0f{ostf{x¿dfly k|efj <stf{sf] k|d'v lg0f{ostf{x¿dfly k|efj < To:tf] s] zlQm xf] h;n] cGo k|d'v stf{nfO{ klg pkof]u u/fpF5 <To:tf] s] zlQm xf] h;n] cGo k|d'v stf{nfO{ klg pkof]u u/fpF5 <

k|efjsf] ¿k pTs[i6 x'g stf{sf] s:tf] k|ltlqmof k|efjsf] ¿k pTs[i6 x'g stf{sf] s:tf] k|ltlqmof ;Defljt /xG5 <;Defljt /xG5 <To;f] ug{sf nflu pQd k|To'Q/sf nflu ;Defjgf To;f] ug{sf nflu pQd k|To'Q/sf nflu ;Defjgf stf{ xf] <stf{ xf] <

o; af/]df ;f]rf}+ ls stf{sf] e"ldsf cf}krfl/s ;d"x jf Ps–Ps o; af/]df ;f]rf}+ ls stf{sf] e"ldsf cf}krfl/s ;d"x jf Ps–Ps j}7s÷e]6df pQd /xg]5, To:t} cgf}krfl/s e]63f6-h:t} ef]hg_, kl/jf/ jf j}7s÷e]6df pQd /xg]5, To:t} cgf}krfl/s e]63f6-h:t} ef]hg_, kl/jf/ jf ;fyL;Fu ;Dks{ ug]{ s'/fdf , k|sfzgx¿sf] cfbfg–k|bfgdf, k}/jLsf] k|:t'lt, ;fyL;Fu ;Dks{ ug]{ s'/fdf , k|sfzgx¿sf] cfbfg–k|bfgdf, k}/jLsf] k|:t'lt, tflnd , cjnf]sg / ljb]z e|d0f cflb .tflnd , cjnf]sg / ljb]z e|d0f cflb .

;fdu|L # M g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/df sf], sf] xf] eGg] ljifon] klg s'g rflxF ;xL lgsfo÷ljefudf ;fdu|L # M g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff If]q ;'wf/df sf], sf] xf] eGg] ljifon] klg s'g rflxF ;xL lgsfo÷ljefudf nlIft ug]{ eg]/ ;Nnfx lbG5, pQm ljefu÷lgsfo÷ dGqfnox¿nfO{ nlIft ug]{ ljz]if JolQmsf] lgoldt nlIft ug]{ eg]/ ;Nnfx lbG5, pQm ljefu÷lgsfo÷ dGqfnox¿nfO{ nlIft ug]{ ljz]if JolQmsf] lgoldt ¿kdf JolQmut kl/jt{g / hLjg rqmnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'Fb}g .¿kdf JolQmut kl/jt{g / hLjg rqmnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'Fb}g .

@_ e]6÷j}7ssf] Joj:yfkg tkfO{sf] kq÷Od]n ;Dks{@_ e]6÷j}7ssf] Joj:yfkg tkfO{sf] kq÷Od]n ;Dks{

tkfO{sf] nIo eg]sf] k|d'v lg0f{ostfx¿;Fusf] e]6df k|:tfljt kq÷Od]nx¿ k9'g\ eg]/ / tkfO{sf] tkfO{sf] nIo eg]sf] k|d'v lg0f{ostfx¿;Fusf] e]6df k|:tfljt kq÷Od]nx¿ k9'g\ eg]/ / tkfO{sf] cfjZostfk|lt pbf/ /x'g\ eg]/ xf] . kqn] tkfO{sf] ;Gb]z af]s]sf] x'G5 McfjZostfk|lt pbf/ /x'g\ eg]/ xf] . kqn] tkfO{sf] ;Gb]z af]s]sf] x'G5 M

tkfO{ sf] xf] / g]kfndf tkfO{sf] ;+u7gn] s] sfd u5{ atfpgxf];\ . -Ps jfSodf_tkfO{ sf] xf] / g]kfndf tkfO{sf] ;+u7gn] s] sfd u5{ atfpgxf];\ . -Ps jfSodf_ •

tkfO{ s;sf] k|ltlglwTj ug'{x'G5 -tkfO{sf] ;+u7g cyjf gful/ls ;dfhsf ;+u7gx¿, ;Ghfn_ / tkfO{ s;sf] k|ltlglwTj ug'{x'G5 -tkfO{sf] ;+u7g cyjf gful/ls ;dfhsf ;+u7gx¿, ;Ghfn_ / •tkfO{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ cGo k|l;4 Pjd\ k|ltli7t JolQm jf ;+:yfx¿sf] pNn]v .tkfO{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ cGo k|l;4 Pjd\ k|ltli7t JolQm jf ;+:yfx¿sf] pNn]v .

tl/sf ldnfP/ atfpgf];\ ls tkfO{ lsg e]6\g rfxg'x'G5, Tof] lg0f{ostf{x¿sf] lxtdf slt uDeL/ tl/sf ldnfP/ atfpgf];\ ls tkfO{ lsg e]6\g rfxg'x'G5, Tof] lg0f{ostf{x¿sf] lxtdf slt uDeL/ •5 -olb tkfO{ kqdf pNn]v gePsf] s'g} klg ljjfbo'Qm ljifodf s'/f ug{ rfxg' x'G5 eg]_ pNn]v 5 -olb tkfO{ kqdf pNn]v gePsf] s'g} klg ljjfbo'Qm ljifodf s'/f ug{ rfxg' x'G5 eg]_ pNn]v ugf]{;\ Mugf]{;\ M

5nkmn ug{ rfx]sf ljifox¿ h;df tkfO{n] ;d:ofsf] klxrfg ug'{ ePsf] 5 To;nfO{ 5nkmn ug{ rfx]sf ljifox¿ h;df tkfO{n] ;d:ofsf] klxrfg ug'{ ePsf] 5 To;nfO{ ◦ljz]ifLs[t ugf]{;\, o; af/]df tkfO{ s] ug{ rfxg'x'G5, ;dfwfg k|:t't ugf]{;\ / eGgf];\ ls tkfO{ ljz]ifLs[t ugf]{;\, o; af/]df tkfO{ s] ug{ rfxg'x'G5, ;dfwfg k|:t't ugf]{;\ / eGgf];\ ls tkfO{ o; ;dfwfgsf] tfd]nLdf lsg ljZjf; ug'{x'G5 .o; ;dfwfgsf] tfd]nLdf lsg ljZjf; ug'{x'G5 .

5f]6f] cg'R5]bdf hfgsf/Lsf k|d'v a'Fbfx¿ /fVgf];\ – ;+lIfKt , ;/n / ;To -tkfO{n] u/]sf] s'g} 5f]6f] cg'R5]bdf hfgsf/Lsf k|d'v a'Fbfx¿ /fVgf];\ – ;+lIfKt , ;/n / ;To -tkfO{n] u/]sf] s'g} ◦cg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t _ .cg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t _ .

e]63f6÷j}7ssf nflu ;do / :yfgsf af/]df ;'emfj – ;fwf/0ftof To;sf nflu ltgs} sfof{no e]63f6÷j}7ssf nflu ;do / :yfgsf af/]df ;'emfj – ;fwf/0ftof To;sf nflu ltgs} sfof{no •x'g;S5, olb ltgLx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] sfof{nodf af]nfP/ ;DaGw a9fpg] s'/fdf d2t k'U5 eg] x'g;S5, olb ltgLx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] sfof{nodf af]nfP/ ;DaGw a9fpg] s'/fdf d2t k'U5 eg] cfdlGqt ug{ klg ;lsG5 .cfdlGqt ug{ klg ;lsG5 .

;+lIfKt zAb xf]Og k"0f{ zAb pNn]v ug'{k5{, h:t} …;+/f;+;'klg !#@%Ú xf]Og …;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff ;+lIfKt zAb xf]Og k"0f{ zAb pNn]v ug'{k5{, h:t} …;+/f;+;'klg !#@%Ú xf]Og …;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 ;'/Iff •

;fdfu|L @#;fdfu|L @#


kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@%Ú n]Vg' k5{ .kl/ifb lg0f{o !#@%Ú n]Vg' k5{ .

kq k7fpg'k"j{ Tof] kq Pp6f Jo:t JolQmnfO{ cfkm\gf] lxtdf cfslif{t ug]{ / ;+nUg u/fpg] k|sf/sf] kq k7fpg'k"j{ Tof] kq Pp6f Jo:t JolQmnfO{ cfkm\gf] lxtdf cfslif{t ug]{ / ;+nUg u/fpg] k|sf/sf] •5 ls 5}g k|]ifsn] k|fkssf b[li6n] kq k9\g' k5{ .5 ls 5}g k|]ifsn] k|fkssf b[li6n] kq k9\g' k5{ .

#= j}7s k"j{sf] tof/L #= j}7s k"j{sf] tof/L

s= ;xsdL{x¿;Fusf] tof/L j}7s a;]/ o; af/]df ;f]Rg' k5{ Ms= ;xsdL{x¿;Fusf] tof/L j}7s a;]/ o; af/]df ;f]Rg' k5{ M

j}7sdf s;n] k|ltlglwTj ul//x]5 < b'O{ b]lv kfFr hgfsf] 5gf}6 ug'{ k5{ . s;n] s] af]Ng], to j}7sdf s;n] k|ltlglwTj ul//x]5 < b'O{ b]lv kfFr hgfsf] 5gf}6 ug'{ k5{ . s;n] s] af]Ng], to •ug'{ k5{ . tkfO{n] p7fpg] s'/f k|d'v ljifo cyjf 5'6\6} / uDwL/ lsl;dsf] 5 < of] s'/fdf tkfO{sf ug'{ k5{ . tkfO{n] p7fpg] s'/f k|d'v ljifo cyjf 5'6\6} / uDwL/ lsl;dsf] 5 < of] s'/fdf tkfO{sf nflu sltsf] ;xof]u x'G5 eGg] af/]df e]63f6÷j}7sdf pkl:yt x'g] JolQmdf e/ kb{5 . Pshgf nflu sltsf] ;xof]u x'G5 eGg] af/]df e]63f6÷j}7sdf pkl:yt x'g] JolQmdf e/ kb{5 . Pshgf 6f]nL g]tf 5fGg' k5{ h;n] k|d'v e"ldsf v]Ng ;sf];\ . Ps hgf l6kf]6 stf{ klg v6fpgxf];\ h;n] 6f]nL g]tf 5fGg' k5{ h;n] k|d'v e"ldsf v]Ng ;sf];\ . Ps hgf l6kf]6 stf{ klg v6fpgxf];\ h;n] j}7ssf s'/fsfgL l6kf];\ . / kl5 lnlvt¿kdf /flvof];\ . vf;df ;xof]usf] k|ltj4tf xf]nf . t/ j}7ssf s'/fsfgL l6kf];\ . / kl5 lnlvt¿kdf /flvof];\ . vf;df ;xof]usf] k|ltj4tf xf]nf . t/ k|lts"n s'/f ePdf tkfO{sf] ljkIfsf a'Fbfx¿sf] k|To'Q/nfO{ ;d"x÷;+u7gsf] j}7sdf ;'lglZrt ug{ k|lts"n s'/f ePdf tkfO{sf] ljkIfsf a'Fbfx¿sf] k|To'Q/nfO{ ;d"x÷;+u7gsf] j}7sdf ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsG5, .;lsG5, .

a}7saf6 s] xf];\ eGg] 5, j}7ssf nflu cg'udgsf ¿kdf s] ug{ rfxg' x'G5 -h:tf] ls cGo a}7saf6 s] xf];\ eGg] 5, j}7ssf nflu cg'udgsf ¿kdf s] ug{ rfxg' x'G5 -h:tf] ls cGo •lg0f{ostf{;Fu ax;, cGo pRr txsf lg0f{ostf{;Fu csf]{ j}7s, ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmddf af]Ng], lg0f{ostf{;Fu ax;, cGo pRr txsf lg0f{ostf{;Fu csf]{ j}7s, ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmddf af]Ng], ;~rf/df jQmJo lbg], ;'wf/x¿df ;dy{g cyjf vf; gLltsf] d:of}bf_;~rf/df jQmJo lbg], ;'wf/x¿df ;dy{g cyjf vf; gLltsf] d:of}bf_

tkfO{ s;nfO{ e]6\g hfFb} x'g'x'G5 < j}7scufl8 oL ljifodf zf]wvf]h ug'{ ePsf] 5 MtkfO{ s;nfO{ e]6\g hfFb} x'g'x'G5 < j}7scufl8 oL ljifodf zf]wvf]h ug'{ ePsf] 5 M •

jt{dfg lhDd]jf/Lx¿jt{dfg lhDd]jf/Lx¿ ◦

k|d'v lxtx¿k|d'v lxtx¿ ◦

klxn]sf] sfo{–hLjg / :yfgklxn]sf] sfo{–hLjg / :yfg ◦

olb ;Dej x'G5 eg] ltgsf n}lËs / ;'/Iff ;DaGwL xfn;fn}sf efif0fx¿ cyjf n]vx¿ olb ;Dej x'G5 eg] ltgsf n}lËs / ;'/Iff ;DaGwL xfn;fn}sf efif0fx¿ cyjf n]vx¿ ◦k9\gf];\ .k9\gf];\ .

pgLx¿n] tkfO{nfO{ lsg ;xof]u ug]{ - ltgLx¿sf b[li6af6_ < ltgLx¿nfO{ s] kmfObf x'G5, s] kfpF5g\ pgLx¿n] tkfO{nfO{ lsg ;xof]u ug]{ - ltgLx¿sf b[li6af6_ < ltgLx¿nfO{ s] kmfObf x'G5, s] kfpF5g\ • <

lg0f{ostf{nfO{ s] n] k|efj kf5{ < -s]xL k|fKt x'g] ePdf pgLx¿n] tkfO{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ ;Defjgf lg0f{ostf{nfO{ s] n] k|efj kf5{ < -s]xL k|fKt x'g] ePdf pgLx¿n] tkfO{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ ;Defjgf •/xG5_/xG5_

g}lts tyf /fhg}lts ljZjf;g}lts tyf /fhg}lts ljZjf; ◦

cfkm\gf ;xof]uL÷;dy{sx¿sf] lxtcfkm\gf ;xof]uL÷;dy{sx¿sf] lxt ◦

;sf/fTds ;~rf/ k|sfzg÷k|;f/0fsf] ;Defjgf;sf/fTds ;~rf/ k|sfzg÷k|;f/0fsf] ;Defjgf ◦

vf; If]qdf Ps gjLg kl/of]hgf cufl8 a9fpg] cyjf cGt/f{li6«o ;jf]{Qd cEof; ljsl;t ug]{ vf; If]qdf Ps gjLg kl/of]hgf cufl8 a9fpg] cyjf cGt/f{li6«o ;jf]{Qd cEof; ljsl;t ug]{ ◦;Defjgf .;Defjgf .

tkfO{sf] k|:tfj ljkIfdf ltgLx¿sf egfO <tkfO{sf] k|:tfj ljkIfdf ltgLx¿sf egfO < •

tkfO{sf] lj/f]w pgLx¿af6 x'g ;S5 , cfkm\gf] jrfp df}lvs jf lnlvt¿kdf ug{ tof/ tkfO{sf] lj/f]w pgLx¿af6 x'g ;S5 , cfkm\gf] jrfp df}lvs jf lnlvt¿kdf ug{ tof/ ◦x'g'xf]nf .x'g'xf]nf .

lg0f{ostfx¿sf sl7g k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ s;/L lbg] eGg] ;jfndf ;f]Rg' xf]nf .lg0f{ostfx¿sf sl7g k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ s;/L lbg] eGg] ;jfndf ;f]Rg' xf]nf . ◦

v= lnlvt …;f/Ú k|:t'ltsf] tof/Lv= lnlvt …;f/Ú k|:t'ltsf] tof/L

;do cufl8 g} lnlvt k|:t'ltsf] ;fdu|L tof/ ug'{xf];\ . Tof] ;fdu|L tkfO{ cfkm} /fVgf];\ cyjf cfk'm;Fu} ;do cufl8 g} lnlvt k|:t'ltsf] ;fdu|L tof/ ug'{xf];\ . Tof] ;fdu|L tkfO{ cfkm} /fVgf];\ cyjf cfk'm;Fu} j}7sdf hfg] csf]{ JolQmsxfF k7fpgf];\ . To;df ;/n eiff xf];\ . ;+lIfKt zAb -Pqmf]lgD;_ sf] k|of]u j}7sdf hfg] csf]{ JolQmsxfF k7fpgf];\ . To;df ;/n eiff xf];\ . ;+lIfKt zAb -Pqmf]lgD;_ sf] k|of]u gxf];\ . ga'lemg] k|fljlws zAbnfO{ k|of]u ug'{ x'Gg . lnlvt k|:t'ltsf] :j¿k lgDgfg';f/ x'g' k5{ Mgxf];\ . ga'lemg] k|fljlws zAbnfO{ k|of]u ug'{ x'Gg . lnlvt k|:t'ltsf] :j¿k lgDgfg';f/ x'g' k5{ M

7676

ljifosf] k[i7e"ld÷tkfO{ jf cGo ;+:yfn] cg';Gwfg u/]sf] ljj/0f / tYofÍ;lxtsf] ;d:ofljifosf] k[i7e"ld÷tkfO{ jf cGo ;+:yfn] cg';Gwfg u/]sf] ljj/0f / tYofÍ;lxtsf] ;d:of •

of] ljifosf af/]df jt{dfg sfo{qmdx¿ / gLltx¿df /x]sf leGgtfof] ljifosf af/]df jt{dfg sfo{qmdx¿ / gLltx¿df /x]sf leGgtf •

;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ljleGg stf{sf lhDd]jf/LnfO{ ;+ul7t ug'{;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ljleGg stf{sf lhDd]jf/LnfO{ ;+ul7t ug'{ •

u= j}7ssf] k"jf{Eof; u= j}7ssf] k"jf{Eof;

oL ljifodf cEof; ug'{;\ MoL ljifodf cEof; ug'{;\ M

j}7sdf sl7g k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg]j}7sdf sl7g k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg] •

a'Fbfx¿nfO{ cem} k|:6\ofpg pbfx/0fx¿ / tYox¿ pNn]v ug]{a'Fbfx¿nfO{ cem} k|:6\ofpg pbfx/0fx¿ / tYox¿ pNn]v ug]{ •

;+u7gdf sf] k|d'v xf] eGg] cfwf/df j}7snfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ lhDd]jf/Lsf] ljefhg ug'{ kb{5 .;+u7gdf sf] k|d'v xf] eGg] cfwf/df j}7snfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ lhDd]jf/Lsf] ljefhg ug'{ kb{5 . •

$= j}7sdf $= j}7sdf

j}7s x/avt uDeL/ tj/af6 dfq x'Fb}g, s]xL xF;L7§f klg x'G5 .j}7s x/avt uDeL/ tj/af6 dfq x'Fb}g, s]xL xF;L7§f klg x'G5 .

cfkm"n] af]Ng'eGbf a9L c¿sf s'/f ;'Gg' k5{ . pgLx¿ tkfO{;Fu c;xdt 5g\ eGg] s'/f s;}af6 yfxf cfkm"n] af]Ng'eGbf a9L c¿sf s'/f ;'Gg' k5{ . pgLx¿ tkfO{;Fu c;xdt 5g\ eGg] s'/f s;}af6 yfxf •eof] eg] af]nfP/ lsg c;xdt ePsf] xf] atfpg eGg'k5{ . ltgLx¿ s] eG5g\ /fd|f];Fu ;'Gg'k5{ . eof] eg] af]nfP/ lsg c;xdt ePsf] xf] atfpg eGg'k5{ . ltgLx¿ s] eG5g\ /fd|f];Fu ;'Gg'k5{ . pgLx¿sf s'/f yfxf ePkl5 g} tkfO{ pgLx¿;Fu k|ltjfb ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . j}7s lg0f{ostf{x¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf s'/f yfxf ePkl5 g} tkfO{ pgLx¿;Fu k|ltjfb ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . j}7s lg0f{ostf{x¿nfO{ 3r3Rofpg] Pp6f df}sf klg xf] . tkfO{ cfkm\gf] Wofg s]lGb|t ugf]{;\, d2t k'Ug ;S5 .3r3Rofpg] Pp6f df}sf klg xf] . tkfO{ cfkm\gf] Wofg s]lGb|t ugf]{;\, d2t k'Ug ;S5 .

k|ToIf a}7sdf s;}nfO{ 8/wfs–wDsL lbg] sfd ug'{ x'Gg . tkfO{sf] p2]Zo åGådf k|j]z ug'{ xf]Og, k|ToIf a}7sdf s;}nfO{ 8/wfs–wDsL lbg] sfd ug'{ x'Gg . tkfO{sf] p2]Zo åGådf k|j]z ug'{ xf]Og, •;Demf}tfdf hfg' xf] . To;}n] pgLx¿nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf g/fd|f] ug'{ x'Gg .;Demf}tfdf hfg' xf] . To;}n] pgLx¿nfO{ ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf g/fd|f] ug'{ x'Gg .

sfo{;"rLnfO{ lgoGq0fdf /fVg' k5{ . j}7ssf ;dodf ax; e}/x]sf] a]nf s;}n] ljifofGt/ ug{;S5, sfo{;"rLnfO{ lgoGq0fdf /fVg' k5{ . j}7ssf ;dodf ax; e}/x]sf] a]nf s;}n] ljifofGt/ ug{;S5, •To;k|lt ;hu /xg' xf]nf . gd| aGg'xf];\ / ldqjt\ Jojxf/ ug'{xf];\ t/ 5nkmnnfO{ cfkm"n] rfx]s} To;k|lt ;hu /xg' xf]nf . gd| aGg'xf];\ / ldqjt\ Jojxf/ ug'{xf];\ t/ 5nkmnnfO{ cfkm"n] rfx]s} ljifodf s]lGb|t ugf]{;\ .ljifodf s]lGb|t ugf]{;\ .

Pp6} j}7sdf rfx] hlt ;a} s'/f x'Fb}gg\ . a]v'zL gx'gf];\ . cGo åGåk"0f{ dfux¿lj¿4 lg0f{ostf{x¿n] Pp6} j}7sdf rfx] hlt ;a} s'/f x'Fb}gg\ . a]v'zL gx'gf];\ . cGo åGåk"0f{ dfux¿lj¿4 lg0f{ostf{x¿n] •tkfO{sf] d'2fnfO{ ;Gt'lnt dfGg}k5{ . Jofkf/sf nflu tof/ xf]pm, u|fxs cufl8sf] ljqm]tf h:t} . olb tkfO{sf] d'2fnfO{ ;Gt'lnt dfGg}k5{ . Jofkf/sf nflu tof/ xf]pm, u|fxs cufl8sf] ljqm]tf h:t} . olb tkfO{ tTsfn ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg kfpg' x'Gg eg], olb ;fGble{s x'G5 eg], cfkm" / c¿sf nflu b'O{ jf tkfO{ tTsfn ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg kfpg' x'Gg eg], olb ;fGble{s x'G5 eg], cfkm" / c¿sf nflu b'O{ jf tLg sbd cufl8 a9\g / cg'udg sfo{ a'Fbfx¿ to ug{ ;'emfj lbgf];\ .tLg sbd cufl8 a9\g / cg'udg sfo{ a'Fbfx¿ to ug{ ;'emfj lbgf];\ .

j}7snfO{ s;/L 6'ª\Uofpg] eGg] af/]df k"j{ of]hgf x'g' k5{ . clwsf+z j}7ssf] ;dflKt ;fdfGo 9+un] j}7snfO{ s;/L 6'ª\Uofpg] eGg] af/]df k"j{ of]hgf x'g' k5{ . clwsf+z j}7ssf] ;dflKt ;fdfGo 9+un] •x'g] u5{ . j}7ssf] ;dflKtnfO{ p2]Zok"0f{ / Jofj;flos / Jofjxfl/s agfpg] k|oTg ug'{k5{ . s'g x'g] u5{ . j}7ssf] ;dflKtnfO{ p2]Zok"0f{ / Jofj;flos / Jofjxfl/s agfpg] k|oTg ug'{k5{ . s'g rflxF lg0f{ostf{sf sd{rf/L;Fu csf]{ e]6 x'G5 / s'g csf]{ jf gofF hfgsf/L tkfO{ pgLx¿nfO{ lbg rflxF lg0f{ostf{sf sd{rf/L;Fu csf]{ e]6 x'G5 / s'g csf]{ jf gofF hfgsf/L tkfO{ pgLx¿nfO{ lbg ;Sg'x'G5 ;f]Wgf];\ . tkfO{ / lg0f{ostf{x¿ s] ug{df / csf]{ s:tf] sbd rfNgdf ;xdt x'g' eof] , ;Sg'x'G5 ;f]Wgf];\ . tkfO{ / lg0f{ostf{x¿ s] ug{df / csf]{ s:tf] sbd rfNgdf ;xdt x'g' eof] , ;+If]kdf :ki6 ugf]{;\ .;+If]kdf :ki6 ugf]{;\ .

;fdfu|L @#;fdfu|L @#


%= j}7skl5 %= j}7skl5

a}7sdf ;xefuLx¿ ;a}nfO{ ltgLx¿sf] ;do / of]ubfgsf nflu wGojfb kq÷Od]n k7fpgf];\, h;n] Ma}7sdf ;xefuLx¿ ;a}nfO{ ltgLx¿sf] ;do / of]ubfgsf nflu wGojfb kq÷Od]n k7fpgf];\, h;n] M

j}7sdf k|:t't a'Fbfx¿ / cfufdL sbdsf] ;xdltnfO{ lglZrt ub{5 .j}7sdf k|:t't a'Fbfx¿ / cfufdL sbdsf] ;xdltnfO{ lglZrt ub{5 . •

5nkmnsf] ;dodf sltko a'Fbfx¿df :k6tf gePsf]df hjfkm lbg] / cg'/f]w ul/Psf ljifodf 5nkmnsf] ;dodf sltko a'Fbfx¿df :k6tf gePsf]df hjfkm lbg] / cg'/f]w ul/Psf ljifodf •hfgsf/L lbg ;lsG5 .hfgsf/L lbg ;lsG5 .

j}7ssf] lg0f{osf] kl/0ffd:j¿k tkfO{sf] ;+u7gn] clxn] s] ug]{5, 5f]6f]df eGgf];\ .j}7ssf] lg0f{osf] kl/0ffd:j¿k tkfO{sf] ;+u7gn] clxn] s] ug]{5, 5f]6f]df eGgf];\ . •

cfkm\gf ultljlwsf] hfgsf/L cfufdL dlxgfx¿df lbO/fVg] s'/f atfpgf];\ .cfkm\gf ultljlwsf] hfgsf/L cfufdL dlxgfx¿df lbO/fVg] s'/f atfpgf];\ . •

o; ljifodf glhs /xg cfdGq0f ugf]{;\ .o; ljifodf glhs /xg cfdGq0f ugf]{;\ . •

olb cfzftLt s'g} klg sfd x'gg;s]df klg :ki6;Fu wGojfb kq n]Vgf];\ . lsgls pgLx¿nfO{ olb cfzftLt s'g} klg sfd x'gg;s]df klg :ki6;Fu wGojfb kq n]Vgf];\ . lsgls pgLx¿nfO{ •tkfO{sf] ;xof]u x}g tkfO{nfO{ pgLx¿sf] ;xof]u a9L cfjZos x'G5 .tkfO{sf] ;xof]u x}g tkfO{nfO{ pgLx¿sf] ;xof]u a9L cfjZos x'G5 .

7878

;fdu|L @$;fdu|L @$;~rf/ dfWoddf k|efjsf/L cGt/jftf{ s;/L lbg] <;~rf/ dfWoddf k|efjsf/L cGt/jftf{ s;/L lbg] <

! cGt/jftf{{sf nflu af]nfOFbf ! cGt/jftf{{sf nflu af]nfOFbf

cGt/jftf{{ lbg] AolQmsf] klxnf] ;Dks{ eg]sf] sfo{qmd lgdf{tf tyf cg';Gwfgstf{ ;Fu x'G5 . cGt/jftf{{ lbg] AolQmsf] klxnf] ;Dks{ eg]sf] sfo{qmd lgdf{tf tyf cg';Gwfgstf{ ;Fu x'G5 . •;fdfGotof pgLx¿n] ;DefAo cGt/jftf{{ lbg] AolQmsf] k[i7e"ldsf] ;"rgf hfGgsf nflu d}qLk"0f{ ;fdfGotof pgLx¿n] ;DefAo cGt/jftf{{ lbg] AolQmsf] k[i7e"ldsf] ;"rgf hfGgsf nflu d}qLk"0f{ ;Dks{ u5{g\–h:t}M Pp6f >f]tf . pgLx¿ tkfO{n] s] eGg'x'G5 / s;/L eGg'x'G5 eGg] s'/f ;'Gg OR5's ;Dks{ u5{g\–h:t}M Pp6f >f]tf . pgLx¿ tkfO{n] s] eGg'x'G5 / s;/L eGg'x'G5 eGg] s'/f ;'Gg OR5's x'G5g\ .x'G5g\ .

tkfO{sf] tof/Lsf nflu sfo{qmdsf af/]df lgdf{tf / ;Dkfbsx¿;Fu clu|d hfgsf/L lng'xf];\ .tkfO{sf] tof/Lsf nflu sfo{qmdsf af/]df lgdf{tf / ;Dkfbsx¿;Fu clu|d hfgsf/L lng'xf];\ . •

;DefAo >f]tfsf af/]df hfgsf/L lng'xf];\ h:t}M pd]/ ;d"x, lnË, ufpF jf zx/, pRr lzlILt jf ;DefAo >f]tfsf af/]df hfgsf/L lng'xf];\ h:t}M pd]/ ;d"x, lnË, ufpF jf zx/, pRr lzlILt jf •lgDg ;fIf/, pRr cfo tyf Go"g cfo . pQm 1fgn] tkfO{nfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kn] ;Gb]z k|jfx ug{ lgDg ;fIf/, pRr cfo tyf Go"g cfo . pQm 1fgn] tkfO{nfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kn] ;Gb]z k|jfx ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 .;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 .

tkfO{n] ug]{ cGt/jftf{sf] ;DaGwdf klxn] g} 5nkmn ug]{ / ;f]sf] ljifodf ;xdt x'g] jf cGt/jftf{ tkfO{n] ug]{ cGt/jftf{sf] ;DaGwdf klxn] g} 5nkmn ug]{ / ;f]sf] ljifodf ;xdt x'g] jf cGt/jftf{ •k"j{ 5nkmn ug{ jf pQm ljifodf ;xdt x'g c:jLsf/ ug]{ . k"j{ 5nkmn ug{ jf pQm ljifodf ;xdt x'g c:jLsf/ ug]{ .

cGt/jftf{sf] lgdGq0ff l:jsfg'{ k"j{ sfo{qmdsf] af/]df lgdf{tf jf ;Dkfbs;Fu hfgsf/L lng'k5{ McGt/jftf{sf] lgdGq0ff l:jsfg'{ k"j{ sfo{qmdsf] af/]df lgdf{tf jf ;Dkfbs;Fu hfgsf/L lng'k5{ M •

sfo{qmdsf] gfd s] xf]<sfo{qmdsf] gfd s] xf]< ◦

zLif{s s] xf]–ltgLx¿n] s'g æb[li6sf]0fÆ vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ < cGt/jftf{sf/n] s'g b[li6sf]0faf6 zLif{s s] xf]–ltgLx¿n] s'g æb[li6sf]0fÆ vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ < cGt/jftf{sf/n] s'g b[li6sf]0faf6 ◦laifoa:t'nfO{ lnG5g\ .laifoa:t'nfO{ lnG5g\ .

s:tf k|sf/sf k|Zgx¿ pgLx¿n] ;f]Wb5g\ <s:tf k|sf/sf k|Zgx¿ pgLx¿n] ;f]Wb5g\ < ◦

s] Tof] :6'l8of] k|;f/0f, aflx/L cGt/jftf{ jf cGo s'g} xf] <s] Tof] :6'l8of] k|;f/0f, aflx/L cGt/jftf{ jf cGo s'g} xf] < ◦

tkfO{n] lbg] cGt/jftf{sf] k|;f/0f–;do slt x'g] <tkfO{n] lbg] cGt/jftf{sf] k|;f/0f–;do slt x'g] < ◦

s] sfo{qmd k|ToIF k|;f/0f jf clu|d /]s8{]8 x'g] xf] < olb tkfO{sf] cGt/jftf{{ clu|d /]s8]{8 x'g] s] sfo{qmd k|ToIF k|;f/0f jf clu|d /]s8{]8 x'g] xf] < olb tkfO{sf] cGt/jftf{{ clu|d /]s8]{8 x'g] ◦eP, tkfO{sf] cGt/jftf{af6 slt ldg]6 k|;f/0f x'G5 ;f]Wg'xf];\ . ;r]t x'g'xf];, olb pgLx¿n] eP, tkfO{sf] cGt/jftf{af6 slt ldg]6 k|;f/0f x'G5 ;f]Wg'xf];\ . ;r]t x'g'xf];, olb pgLx¿n] tkfO{;Fu #) ldg]6sf] cGt/jftf{{ lnO{ To;af6 dfq # ldg]6 k|;f/0f ug]{ clek|fon] lnG5g eg] tkfO{;Fu #) ldg]6sf] cGt/jftf{{ lnO{ To;af6 dfq # ldg]6 k|;f/0f ug]{ clek|fon] lnG5g eg] tkfO{sf] ;DkfbsLo clwsf/ xgg\ x'G5 .tkfO{sf] ;DkfbsLo clwsf/ xgg\ x'G5 .

tkfO{ afx]s c¿ sf]xL sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'Fb}5 < c¿ sf]xL ;xefuL x'Fb}5 eGg] hfgsf/L tkfO{ afx]s c¿ sf]xL sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'Fb}5 < c¿ sf]xL ;xefuL x'Fb}5 eGg] hfgsf/L ◦ePdf tkfO{n] s;/L pQ/ lbg] lg0f{o lng ;xof]u k'Ug ;S5 .ePdf tkfO{n] s;/L pQ/ lbg] lg0f{o lng ;xof]u k'Ug ;S5 .

@= cGt/jftf{sf] nflu tof/L@= cGt/jftf{sf] nflu tof/L

;f]Rg'xf]; tkfO{n] s] To:tf @ j6f a'Fbf agfpg rfxg'x'G5 . cGt/jftf{{sf] qmddf tkfO{n] ck]Iff u/]sf ;f]Rg'xf]; tkfO{n] s] To:tf @ j6f a'Fbf agfpg rfxg'x'G5 . cGt/jftf{{sf] qmddf tkfO{n] ck]Iff u/]sf •@ jf # j6f d'Vo laifosf af/]df klxn] g} ;"rL agfpg'xf]; . tkfO{n] tof/ u/]sf] ljrf/k|lt b[9 @ jf # j6f d'Vo laifosf af/]df klxn] g} ;"rL agfpg'xf]; . tkfO{n] tof/ u/]sf] ljrf/k|lt b[9 x'g'xf];, tkfO{ ToxfF x'g'sf] p2]Zo g} >f]tfx¿nfO{ @ jf # d'Vo laifodf hfgsf/L u/fpg' xf] .x'g'xf];, tkfO{ ToxfF x'g'sf] p2]Zo g} >f]tfx¿nfO{ @ jf # d'Vo laifodf hfgsf/L u/fpg' xf] .

tkfO{nfO{ ;f]Wg ;lsg] cToGt ufx|f] tyf lglZrt k|Zgx¿ ;f]Rg'xf]; . kqsf/x¿ ;Fu v'Nnf tkfO{nfO{ ;f]Wg ;lsg] cToGt ufx|f] tyf lglZrt k|Zgx¿ ;f]Rg'xf]; . kqsf/x¿ ;Fu v'Nnf •k|Zgx¿sf] ck]Iff ug{‘xf];–sf]< s]< lsg< slxn]< sxfF < s;/L < s;/L tkfO{n] pQ/ lbg'x'G5 < k|Zgx¿sf] ck]Iff ug{‘xf];–sf]< s]< lsg< slxn]< sxfF < s;/L < s;/L tkfO{n] pQ/ lbg'x'G5 < tkfO{nfO{ g;f]lwlbP x'GYof] eGg] k|Zg ;f]w]df kqsf/;Fu gl/;fpg' xf];\ . kqsf/sf] e"ldsf eg]sf] tkfO{nfO{ g;f]lwlbP x'GYof] eGg] k|Zg ;f]w]df kqsf/;Fu gl/;fpg' xf];\ . kqsf/sf] e"ldsf eg]sf] tkfO{nfO{ To:tf k|Zg ;f]Wg] xf] hf] p;sf bz{s÷>f]tfn] df}sf ldn]df tkfO{nfO{ ;f]Wg rfxG5g\ . tkfO{nfO{ To:tf k|Zg ;f]Wg] xf] hf] p;sf bz{s÷>f]tfn] df}sf ldn]df tkfO{nfO{ ;f]Wg rfxG5g\ . cgk]lIft ck]Iff ug'{xf]; . rnfvLk"0f{ k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbFbf OdfGbf/Ltfk"j{s / l;wf l;wf lbg'xf]; . cgk]lIft ck]Iff ug'{xf]; . rnfvLk"0f{ k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbFbf OdfGbf/Ltfk"j{s / l;wf l;wf lbg'xf]; . slxn] klg d l6Kk0fL ul{b{g geGg], To;sf] ;6\6f æd o;sf] pQ/ clxn] eGg] l:yltdf 5}g Æ slxn] klg d l6Kk0fL ul{b{g geGg], To;sf] ;6\6f æd o;sf] pQ/ clxn] eGg] l:yltdf 5}g Æ eGg'xf];\ .eGg'xf];\ .

;xof]uL÷;fyLsf ;fy k"jf{Eof; / tof/L . lgDg lnlvt s'/fnfO{ ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ M;xof]uL÷;fyLsf ;fy k"jf{Eof; / tof/L . lgDg lnlvt s'/fnfO{ ljrf/ ug'{xf];\ M •

lsg < tkfO{ lsg cGt/jftf{{ lbb} x'g'x'G5 ;f]Rg'xf];\ .lsg < tkfO{ lsg cGt/jftf{{ lbb} x'g'x'G5 ;f]Rg'xf];\ . ◦

;fdfu|L @$;fdfu|L @$


sf] < tkfO{n] clek|]l/t ug]{ JolQm bz{s xf], cGt/jftf{{sf/ xf]Og .sf] < tkfO{n] clek|]l/t ug]{ JolQm bz{s xf], cGt/jftf{{sf/ xf]Og . ◦

s] < tkfO{n] of] cGt/jftf{{jf6 s] xfl;n ug{ rfxg'x'G5 < s] tkfO{n] >f]tfnfO{ s'g} 7f]; sfdsf s] < tkfO{n] of] cGt/jftf{{jf6 s] xfl;n ug{ rfxg'x'G5 < s] tkfO{n] >f]tfnfO{ s'g} 7f]; sfdsf ◦nflu clek|]l/t ug{ rfxg'x'G5 < xf] eg] Tof] s] < olb tkfO{ s'g} jsfnt /0fgLltsf] k|ltlglwTj nflu clek|]l/t ug{ rfxg'x'G5 < xf] eg] Tof] s] < olb tkfO{ s'g} jsfnt /0fgLltsf] k|ltlglwTj ul//xg' ePsf] 5 eg] bz{s÷>f]tfnfO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{of]hgfk|lt clek|]l/t ug]{ p2]Zo klg x'g' ul//xg' ePsf] 5 eg] bz{s÷>f]tfnfO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{of]hgfk|lt clek|]l/t ug]{ p2]Zo klg x'g' kb{5 .kb{5 .

s;/L < tkfO{ s;/L >f]tfnfO{ cfkm"nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ clek|]l/t ug'{x'G5 ;f]Rg'xf]; . tkfO{n] s;/L < tkfO{ s;/L >f]tfnfO{ cfkm"nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ clek|]l/t ug'{x'G5 ;f]Rg'xf]; . tkfO{n] ◦klxrfg u/]sf] ;d:ofsf af/]df af]Ng'xf];\ / cfÎgf] wf/0ff lbg'xf]; .klxrfg u/]sf] ;d:ofsf af/]df af]Ng'xf];\ / cfÎgf] wf/0ff lbg'xf]; .

#= cGt/jftf{sf qmddf#= cGt/jftf{sf qmddf

s]xL Jofjxfl/s ;'emfjx¿ Ms]xL Jofjxfl/s ;'emfjx¿ M

:ki6 af]Ng'xf]; / w}o{ aGg'xf];\ t/ af]nL pmhf{zLn ;'lgof];\ .:ki6 af]Ng'xf]; / w}o{ aGg'xf];\ t/ af]nL pmhf{zLn ;'lgof];\ . •

;/n zAbx¿sf] k|of]u ug'{xf];\ .;/n zAbx¿sf] k|of]u ug'{xf];\ . •

d':sfg;lxt k|:t't x'g glal;{g'xf];\ .d':sfg;lxt k|:t't x'g glal;{g'xf];\ . •

;/n / :ki6;F+u s'/f eGg'xf];\ – hl6n tyf 5f]6s/L zAbsf] k|of]u gug'{xf]; .;/n / :ki6;F+u s'/f eGg'xf];\ – hl6n tyf 5f]6s/L zAbsf] k|of]u gug'{xf]; . •

eflifs lrq sf]g'{xf];–tkfO{n] af]n]sf s'/fnfO{ s;/L :d/0fLo / /f]rs agfpg ;lsg5 ;f]Rg'xf];\ .eflifs lrq sf]g'{xf];–tkfO{n] af]n]sf s'/fnfO{ s;/L :d/0fLo / /f]rs agfpg ;lsg5 ;f]Rg'xf];\ . •

;+lIfKt / a'Fbfut ¿kdf k|:t't x'g'xf];\ . tkfO{sf pQ/x¿df s]lGb|t /xg'xf]; , tLg jf rf/ jfSo ;+lIfKt / a'Fbfut ¿kdf k|:t't x'g'xf];\ . tkfO{sf pQ/x¿df s]lGb|t /xg'xf]; , tLg jf rf/ jfSo •eGbf a9L gaf]Ng' xf];\ . bz{s / >f]tfsf] Wofglbg] cjlw lgs} 5f]6f] x'G5 .eGbf a9L gaf]Ng' xf];\ . bz{s / >f]tfsf] Wofglbg] cjlw lgs} 5f]6f] x'G5 .

cGt/jftf{sf/l;t cfFvfn] ;Dks{ /fVg'xf];\ .cGt/jftf{sf/l;t cfFvfn] ;Dks{ /fVg'xf];\ . •

;dodf pkl:yt x'g'xf];\ .;dodf pkl:yt x'g'xf];\ . •

df]jfOn kmf]g aGb ug'{xf];\ / s'g} klg k|sf/sf] Wjlg aGb ug'{xf];\ .df]jfOn kmf]g aGb ug'{xf];\ / s'g} klg k|sf/sf] Wjlg aGb ug'{xf];\ . •

cGt/jftf{ lbg' cufl8 dfbs kbfy{sf] ;]jg gug'{xf];\ .cGt/jftf{ lbg' cufl8 dfbs kbfy{sf] ;]jg gug'{xf];\ . •

unt ;"rgfnfO{ ;Rofpg'xf];\ cGoyf bz{s÷>f]tfn] To;nfO{ g} ;xL dfGg ;Sb5g\ .unt ;"rgfnfO{ ;Rofpg'xf];\ cGoyf bz{s÷>f]tfn] To;nfO{ g} ;xL dfGg ;Sb5g\ . •

kqsf/nfO{ g9fF6\g'xf];\– ;w}+ ;To af]Ng'xf]; .kqsf/nfO{ g9fF6\g'xf];\– ;w}+ ;To af]Ng'xf]; . •

g56\k6fpg'xf];\ jf cy{ gnfUg] zAbx¿sf] k|of]u gug'{xf];\ – h:t} æP xf] .Æ æ7Ls 5Æ, æP======.Æ g56\k6fpg'xf];\ jf cy{ gnfUg] zAbx¿sf] k|of]u gug'{xf];\ – h:t} æP xf] .Æ æ7Ls 5Æ, æP======.Æ •;fyLx¿;Fu cfkm\gf o:tf ;d:of eP geP af/] ;f]Wg'xf]; . >f]tfx¿ tkfO{n] eg]sf] æP xf]Æ uGg olt ;fyLx¿;Fu cfkm\gf o:tf ;d:of eP geP af/] ;f]Wg'xf]; . >f]tfx¿ tkfO{n] eg]sf] æP xf]Æ uGg olt Jo:t x'g]5g\ ls tkfO{n] eg]sf] d'Vo s'/f g} ;'Gb}gg\ .Jo:t x'g]5g\ ls tkfO{n] eg]sf] d'Vo s'/f g} ;'Gb}gg\ .

af]Ng] a]nfdf snd rnfpg], lunf;df kfgL xfNg], tf/x¿ rnfpg] h:tf sfdx¿ aGb ug'{xf];\, snd af]Ng] a]nfdf snd rnfpg], lunf;df kfgL xfNg], tf/x¿ rnfpg] h:tf sfdx¿ aGb ug'{xf];\, snd •rnfpFbf Wjlg k|b'if0f x'g], kfgL vGofpFbf d'q lj;h{g u/]sf] h:tf] cfjh cfpg] / tf/x¿ rnfpFbf rnfpFbf Wjlg k|b'if0f x'g], kfgL vGofpFbf d'q lj;h{g u/]sf] h:tf] cfjh cfpg] / tf/x¿ rnfpFbf Wjlgsf] u'0f:t/ cj/f]w x'g] ub{5 .Wjlgsf] u'0f:t/ cj/f]w x'g] ub{5 .

cfkm\gf] a'Fbf ;s]kl5 s]xL ;do r'k /xg'xf];\ . c;xh z"GotfnfO{ eg]{ sf]lz; gug'{xf];\, o;n] cfkm\gf] a'Fbf ;s]kl5 s]xL ;do r'k /xg'xf];\ . c;xh z"GotfnfO{ eg]{ sf]lz; gug'{xf];\, o;n] •tkfO{nfO{ grflxPsf] zAblt/ df]8\g ;Sb5 . cGt/jftf{{nfO{ ult lbg] cGt/jftf{{sf/sf] sfd xf], tkfO{nfO{ grflxPsf] zAblt/ df]8\g ;Sb5 . cGt/jftf{{nfO{ ult lbg] cGt/jftf{{sf/sf] sfd xf], tkfO{sf] xf]Og .tkfO{sf] xf]Og .

cflwsfl/s x'g'xf]; t/ ;a} hfg] h:tf] u/L bDe gb]vfpg'xf];\ .cflwsfl/s x'g'xf]; t/ ;a} hfg] h:tf] u/L bDe gb]vfpg'xf];\ . •

cfkm\gf] l6kf]6nfO{ v'nf¿kdf 6]lnlehg cGt/jftf{{df pb\w[t gug'{xf];\ -t/ klg cfkm\gf ;Gbe{ cfkm\gf] l6kf]6nfO{ v'nf¿kdf 6]lnlehg cGt/jftf{{df pb\w[t gug'{xf];\ -t/ klg cfkm\gf ;Gbe{ •;fdu|LnfO{ ;+lIfKt gh/ ug'{xf];\_ . ;"rgfx¿ tkfO{sf] lbdfu leq} /fVg'xf];\ .;fdu|LnfO{ ;+lIfKt gh/ ug'{xf];\_ . ;"rgfx¿ tkfO{sf] lbdfu leq} /fVg'xf];\ .

cfkm\gf] cGt/jftf{{ ;lsg] lalQs} ToxfFsf pks/0fx¿ aGb eP eGg] g;f]Rg'xf];\ . clwsf+z JolQmn] cfkm\gf] cGt/jftf{{ ;lsg] lalQs} ToxfFsf pks/0fx¿ aGb eP eGg] g;f]Rg'xf];\ . clwsf+z JolQmn] •dfOqmf]kmf]g tyf /]sl8{Ë ;fdfu|Lx¿ cem} v'nf 5g\ eGg] ghfg]/ cfkm\gf] ;'/Iff u'dfpg k'Ub5g\ / dfOqmf]kmf]g tyf /]sl8{Ë ;fdfu|Lx¿ cem} v'nf 5g\ eGg] ghfg]/ cfkm\gf] ;'/Iff u'dfpg k'Ub5g\ / To:tf] s]xL af]Nb5g\ h;n] kl5 k5'tfpg' kb{5 .To:tf] s]xL af]Nb5g\ h;n] kl5 k5'tfpg' kb{5 .

k|Zg hlt g} pQ]hs eP klg cfkm\gf] dfgl;s ;Gt'ng gu'dfpg'xf];\ jf rsf]{ gaf]Ng'xf];\ . w}o{ k|Zg hlt g} pQ]hs eP klg cfkm\gf] dfgl;s ;Gt'ng gu'dfpg'xf];\ jf rsf]{ gaf]Ng'xf];\ . w}o{ •/xg'xf];\ / slxNo} cfkm\gf] ;Gt'ng gu'dfpg'xf];\ . olb cfj]udf cfpg' ef] eg] To;n] tkfO{sf] /xg'xf];\ / slxNo} cfkm\gf] ;Gt'ng gu'dfpg'xf];\ . olb cfj]udf cfpg' ef] eg] To;n] tkfO{sf]

8080

p2]ZonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb}g . sf]xL cGt/jftf{sf/n] tkfO{nfO{ æcfqmd0fÆ ug{ sf]lz; u5{g\, lsgls p2]ZonfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb}g . sf]xL cGt/jftf{sf/n] tkfO{nfO{ æcfqmd0fÆ ug{ sf]lz; u5{g\, lsgls pgLx¿ ljjfbf:kb s'/fn] cGt/jftf{ /fd|f] x'G5 eGg] ;f]Rb5g\ . o;nfO{ JolQmut ¿kdf glng'xf];\, pgLx¿ ljjfbf:kb s'/fn] cGt/jftf{ /fd|f] x'G5 eGg] ;f]Rb5g\ . o;nfO{ JolQmut ¿kdf glng'xf];\, of] s]jn Pp6f z}nL xf] . tkfO{nfO{ l/; p7\g] vfnsf k|Zg k|efjsf/L 9Ën] xn ug{ cfkm\gf] tYok"0f{ of] s]jn Pp6f z}nL xf] . tkfO{nfO{ l/; p7\g] vfnsf k|Zg k|efjsf/L 9Ën] xn ug{ cfkm\gf] tYok"0f{ hfgsf/Lk|lt cl8u /xg'xf];\ .hfgsf/Lk|lt cl8u /xg'xf];\ .

/]l8of] jf 6]lnlehg cGt/jftf{nfO{ Ps jf b'O{ JolQm;Fusf] ;+jfbsf ¿kdf lng'xf];\ . ;of}+ >f]tfsf /]l8of] jf 6]lnlehg cGt/jftf{nfO{ Ps jf b'O{ JolQm;Fusf] ;+jfbsf ¿kdf lng'xf];\ . ;of}+ >f]tfsf •cufl8 efif0f u/] h;/L gaf]Ng'xf];\ . 6]lnlehg / /]l8of] j}olQms -k;{gn_ ;~rf/dfWod x'g\ –s]jn cufl8 efif0f u/] h;/L gaf]Ng'xf];\ . 6]lnlehg / /]l8of] j}olQms -k;{gn_ ;~rf/dfWod x'g\ –s]jn tkfO{ / cGt/jftf{sf/ Ps Ps u/L af]Ng'x'G5 .tkfO{ / cGt/jftf{sf/ Ps Ps u/L af]Ng'x'G5 .

olb tkfO{ cfkm\gf] ;fyL;Fu skmLukm u/] h;/L k|:t't x'g' ePdf k|efjsf/L ;'lgg' x'g]5 .olb tkfO{ cfkm\gf] ;fyL;Fu skmLukm u/] h;/L k|:t't x'g' ePdf k|efjsf/L ;'lgg' x'g]5 . •

cGt/jftf{ ljifo ;'emfjcGt/jftf{ ljifo ;'emfj

cfkm\gf] cToGt dxTjk"0f{ a'Fbf hlt ;Sbf] l56f] agfpg'xf];\ . ;~rf/ If]qsf] cGt/jftf{sf] cfo' lgs} cfkm\gf] cToGt dxTjk"0f{ a'Fbf hlt ;Sbf] l56f] agfpg'xf];\ . ;~rf/ If]qsf] cGt/jftf{sf] cfo' lgs} •sd x'G5 . klxnf] k|Zgaf6 g} tkfO{ cGt/jftf{nfO{ cfkm" ToxfF pkl:yt x'g'sf] sf/0ftkm{ df]8\g] sf]lz; sd x'G5 . klxnf] k|Zgaf6 g} tkfO{ cGt/jftf{nfO{ cfkm" ToxfF pkl:yt x'g'sf] sf/0ftkm{ df]8\g] sf]lz; ug{‘xf];\ . o;n] ubf{ cGt/jftf{nfO{ lalu|g glbg';\ . t'¿Gt} cfkm"nfO{ ;f]lwg'kg]{ k|Zgtkm{ cufl8 ug{‘xf];\ . o;n] ubf{ cGt/jftf{nfO{ lalu|g glbg';\ . t'¿Gt} cfkm"nfO{ ;f]lwg'kg]{ k|Zgtkm{ cufl8 a9fpg' xf];\ . tkfO{n] of] eGg ;Sg'x'G5, æd tkfO{sf] k|Zgdf Ps l5g kl5 cfpF5', t/ klxnf] of] s'/f a9fpg' xf];\ . tkfO{n] of] eGg ;Sg'x'G5, æd tkfO{sf] k|Zgdf Ps l5g kl5 cfpF5', t/ klxnf] of] s'/f dxTjk"0f{ 5 ls ==============dxTjk"0f{ 5 ls ==============

olb df}sf ldn]df cfkm\gf] ufpF÷gu/÷lhNnf÷b]zsf] gfd pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . ha s'g} 7fpFsf] gfd olb df}sf ldn]df cfkm\gf] ufpF÷gu/÷lhNnf÷b]zsf] gfd pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . ha s'g} 7fpFsf] gfd •elgG5 ta bz{s jf >f]tfx¿n] tkfO{sf] zAbdf a9L Wofg s]lGb|t ub{5g\ . s]jn of] geGg'xf];\, æd]/f] elgG5 ta bz{s jf >f]tfx¿n] tkfO{sf] zAbdf a9L Wofg s]lGb|t ub{5g\ . s]jn of] geGg'xf];\, æd]/f] 7fpFsf] dflg;÷d]/f] ufpFsf]÷d]/f] ;x/sf]========Æ jf æd]/f] lhNnfsf]Æ To;sf] 7fpFdf ælj/f6gu/sf 7fpFsf] dflg;÷d]/f] ufpFsf]÷d]/f] ;x/sf]========Æ jf æd]/f] lhNnfsf]Æ To;sf] 7fpFdf ælj/f6gu/sf dflg;x¿ ===============Æ jf ædnfO{ yfxf 5 g]kfnu+hsf dflg;nfO{ ;d:of 5 ==========Æ eGg dflg;x¿ ===============Æ jf ædnfO{ yfxf 5 g]kfnu+hsf dflg;nfO{ ;d:of 5 ==========Æ eGg ;Sg'x'G5 .;Sg'x'G5 .

s'g} a'Fbf agfpFbf jf:tljs hLjgsf] ;+lIfKt syf;Fu pbfx/0f lbgxf];\ . cfkm"n] lbg] k|To]s a'Fbfx¿df s'g} a'Fbf agfpFbf jf:tljs hLjgsf] ;+lIfKt syf;Fu pbfx/0f lbgxf];\ . cfkm"n] lbg] k|To]s a'Fbfx¿df •pbfx/0f k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .pbfx/0f k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .

kl5Nnf] ;dfrf/sf] af/]df tkfO{;Fu tTIf0fsf] ;'rgf ePsf]df kSsf x'g'xf];\ / ljz]ifu/L tkfO{n] kl5Nnf] ;dfrf/sf] af/]df tkfO{;Fu tTIf0fsf] ;'rgf ePsf]df kSsf x'g'xf];\ / ljz]ifu/L tkfO{n] •cGt/jftf{{ lbg] zLif{ssf af/]df o;n] cGt/jftf{{nfO{ a9L /f]rs agfpF5 / tkfO{ cGtjf{t{fsf/af6 cGt/jftf{{ lbg] zLif{ssf af/]df o;n] cGt/jftf{{nfO{ a9L /f]rs agfpF5 / tkfO{ cGtjf{t{fsf/af6 ;dfltg ;lsg] ;Defjgf lgs} sd x'G5 . 6]lnlehg jf /]l8of]df k|:t't x'g' k"j{ kl5Nnf] ;dfrf/ ;dfltg ;lsg] ;Defjgf lgs} sd x'G5 . 6]lnlehg jf /]l8of]df k|:t't x'g' k"j{ kl5Nnf] ;dfrf/ x]g]{ jf ;'Gg] sf]lz; ug'{xf];\ . cfkm\g} lsl;dsf bIf cgf}krfl/s ;Nnfxsf/x¿ agfO{ pgLx¿;Fuaf6 x]g]{ jf ;'Gg] sf]lz; ug'{xf];\ . cfkm\g} lsl;dsf bIf cgf}krfl/s ;Nnfxsf/x¿ agfO{ pgLx¿;Fuaf6 ljleGg zLif{sx¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lnO /xg'xf];\, ;fy} pkof]uL j]]j;fO6sf] ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ .ljleGg zLif{sx¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lnO /xg'xf];\, ;fy} pkof]uL j]]j;fO6sf] ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ .

tkfO{n] pQ/ lbg ;Sg'kg]{ k|Zgx¿ MtkfO{n] pQ/ lbg ;Sg'kg]{ k|Zgx¿ M •

7\ofSs} s] ;d:of xf] <7\ofSs} s] ;d:of xf] < ◦

;d:of ;dfwfgsfnflu s:tf] k|of]ufTds ljsNkx¿ k|:tfj ug'{xG5 <;d:of ;dfwfgsfnflu s:tf] k|of]ufTds ljsNkx¿ k|:tfj ug'{xG5 < ◦

Gfful/sn] pQm ;jfn÷d'2fsf] af/]df s] ;f]lr/x]sf 5g\ <Gfful/sn] pQm ;jfn÷d'2fsf] af/]df s] ;f]lr/x]sf 5g\ < ◦

cGo s;n] of] d'2fdf cleofg ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ .cGo s;n] of] d'2fdf cleofg ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . ◦

tkfO{sf ;xof]uLx¿÷;fyLx¿ sf] x'g\ <tkfO{sf ;xof]uLx¿÷;fyLx¿ sf] x'g\ < ◦

tkfO{sf ljkIfLx¿ sf] x'g\ / tkfO{sf lj¿4 pgLx¿sf ljrf/x¿ s] s] x'g\ <tkfO{sf ljkIfLx¿ sf] x'g\ / tkfO{sf lj¿4 pgLx¿sf ljrf/x¿ s] s] x'g\ < ◦

o; d'2fdf ljBdfg j}wflgs cj:yf s] 5 < s] To;df ;+zf]wgsf] cfjZostf k5{ jf goFf o; d'2fdf ljBdfg j}wflgs cj:yf s] 5 < s] To;df ;+zf]wgsf] cfjZostf k5{ jf goFf ◦Joj:yflksf rflxG5 < s] k|rlnt Gofo nfu' ug'{ cfjZos 5 <Joj:yflksf rflxG5 < s] k|rlnt Gofo nfu' ug'{ cfjZos 5 <

tkfO{sf] d'2fnfO{ k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] s:tf cGt/f{li6«o jf /fli6«o ;Demf}tfx¿ Jff gLltx¿ tkfO{sf] d'2fnfO{ k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] s:tf cGt/f{li6«o jf /fli6«o ;Demf}tfx¿ Jff gLltx¿ ◦;+rfngdf 5g\ <;+rfngdf 5g\ <

ev{/} tkfO{n] p7fg u/]sf] d'2fsf] ;Gbe{df ePsf] ljsf;sf af/]df tkfO{sf] wf/0ff s] 5 < -of] ev{/} tkfO{n] p7fg u/]sf] d'2fsf] ;Gbe{df ePsf] ljsf;sf af/]df tkfO{sf] wf/0ff s] 5 < -of] ◦k|Zg ljz]ifu/L Tolt a]nf ;f]lwg ;S5 hj tkfO{n] p7fPsf] d'2fnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ ;dfrf/sf] k|Zg ljz]ifu/L Tolt a]nf ;f]lwg ;S5 hj tkfO{n] p7fPsf] d'2fnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ ;dfrf/sf] ljsf; ev{/ ePsf] 5 _ljsf; ev{/ ePsf] 5 _

tkfO{n] k|:tfj u/]sf] ;dfwfgdf s:sf] lht / s;sf] xf/ x'g]5 <tkfO{n] k|:tfj u/]sf] ;dfwfgdf s:sf] lht / s;sf] xf/ x'g]5 < ◦

;fdfu|L @$;fdfu|L @$


;fdu|L @%;fdu|L @%k|lzIf0f d"Nofª\sg kmf/fdk|lzIf0f d"Nofª\sg kmf/fd

xfd|f] tflndsf] u'0f:t/ a[l4 ug{, xfdLn] tkfO{sf] k|lts[of l:jsfg]{ 5f} . s[kof tn lbOPsf k|Zgx¿df xfd|f] tflndsf] u'0f:t/ a[l4 ug{, xfdLn] tkfO{sf] k|lts[of l:jsfg]{ 5f} . s[kof tn lbOPsf k|Zgx¿df tkfO{sf] pQ/sf] ;ª\s]t tns} pko'Qm gDa/df uf]nf] 3]/f nufP/ ug'{xf]nf .tkfO{sf] pQ/sf] ;ª\s]t tns} pko'Qm gDa/df uf]nf] 3]/f nufP/ ug'{xf]nf .

;ª\s]t M ! Ö xf]Og @ Ö ;fFRr} xf]Og # Ö yfxf 5}g $ Ö cln cln % Ö xf];ª\s]t M ! Ö xf]Og @ Ö ;fFRr} xf]Og # Ö yfxf 5}g $ Ö cln cln % Ö xf]

!= s] tkfO{sf] ¿lr ;d]l6Psf] lyof] <!= s] tkfO{sf] ¿lr ;d]l6Psf] lyof] <

@= s] tkfO{nfO{ lgDg a'Fbfdf /fd|f] a'emfO{ 5 M@= s] tkfO{nfO{ lgDg a'Fbfdf /fd|f] a'emfO{ 5 M

;'/Iff Aoa:yf ;'wf/;'/Iff Aoa:yf ;'wf/

n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff Aoa:yf ;'wf/n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff Aoa:yf ;'wf/

n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff Aoa:yf ;'wf/df gful/s ;dfh / ;++rf/sf] e"ldsf n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff Aoa:yf ;'wf/df gful/s ;dfh / ;++rf/sf] e"ldsf

n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff Aoa:yf ;'wf/df gful/s ;dfhsf] e"ldsfn}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff Aoa:yf ;'wf/df gful/s ;dfhsf] e"ldsf

#= lgDg lnlvt a'Fbfsf af/]df tflndn] /fd|f] 1fg lbof], s;/L eg] M#= lgDg lnlvt a'Fbfsf af/]df tflndn] /fd|f] 1fg lbof], s;/L eg] M

-kqsf/ / ;Dkfbsx¿n] lbg] pQ/_-kqsf/ / ;Dkfbsx¿n] lbg] pQ/_

n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 ;'/Iff ;jfnnfO{ x]g{ n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 ;'/Iff ;jfnnfO{ x]g{

;'/Iff ;jfnx¿nfO{ k|:t't ug]{ gofF tl/sfx¿, gofF b[li6sf]0fdfly ;'/Iff ;jfnx¿nfO{ k|:t't ug]{ gofF tl/sfx¿, gofF b[li6sf]0fdfly s;/L larf/ ug]{ s;/L larf/ ug]{

-gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿n] lbg] pQ/-gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx¿n] lbg] pQ/_

n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;jfndf elaiodf k}/jL ug{ clek|]l/t u/fof] n}lËs Pjd\ ;'/Iff ;jfndf elaiodf k}/jL ug{ clek|]l/t u/fof]

pkl:yt ;a}n] pQ/ lbg ldNg] afsL /x]sf k|Zgx¿ M s[kof k|bfg ul/Psf] tflnd dfly tkfO{sf] pkl:yt ;a}n] pQ/ lbg ldNg] afsL /x]sf k|Zgx¿ M s[kof k|bfg ul/Psf] tflnd dfly tkfO{sf] d"Nofª\sgnfO{ k|ltlalDat ug]{ k|lts[ofnfO{ uf]nf] 3]/f nufpg'xf];\ .d"Nofª\sgnfO{ k|ltlalDat ug]{ k|lts[ofnfO{ uf]nf] 3]/f nufpg'xf];\ .

$= k|lzIf0fsf] qmddf k|of]u ul/Psf ;dfu|Lx¿ M$= k|lzIf0fsf] qmddf k|of]u ul/Psf ;dfu|Lx¿ M

%= cGt/lqmofn] pT;flxt u/fPsf] ;do M%= cGt/lqmofn] pT;flxt u/fPsf] ;do M

^ k|lzIf0f qmddf tkfO{nfO{ cToGt} dgk/]sf] laifo s] xf] <^ k|lzIf0f qmddf tkfO{nfO{ cToGt} dgk/]sf] laifo s] xf] <

& tkfO{nfO{ yf]/} dgk/]sf] laifo s'g xf] <& tkfO{nfO{ yf]/} dgk/]sf] laifo s'g xf] <

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Psbd} yf]/}Psbd} yf]/}

Psbd} yf]/}Psbd} yf]/}

clt w]/}clt w]/}

clt w]/}clt w]/}

Psbd l7SsPsbd l7Ss

Psbd l7SsPsbd l7Ss

8282

* tkfO{nfO{ cTolws dg k/]sf] ;q÷r/0f s'g xf] <* tkfO{nfO{ cTolws dg k/]sf] ;q÷r/0f s'g xf] <

( tkfO{nfO{ of] ;q÷r/0f dgkg'{sf] sf/0f s] xf] <( tkfO{nfO{ of] ;q÷r/0f dgkg'{sf] sf/0f s] xf] <

!) tkfO{nfO{ yf]/} dg k/]sf] ;q÷r/0f s'g xf] <!) tkfO{nfO{ yf]/} dg k/]sf] ;q÷r/0f s'g xf] <

!! lsg tkfO{nfO{ of] ;q÷r/0f dg k/]g <!! lsg tkfO{nfO{ of] ;q÷r/0f dg k/]g <

!@ s] tkfO{F ;'wf/sf nflu s]xL ;'emfj lbg rfxg'x'G5 <!@ s] tkfO{F ;'wf/sf nflu s]xL ;'emfj lbg rfxg'x'G5 <

!# tkfO{n] of] k|lzIf0f ;DkGg ug'{ eof], cGo s:tf k|lzIf0fx¿ ;xof]uL x'g ;Sb5g, -olb s]xL 5g\ eg]_ <!# tkfO{n] of] k|lzIf0f ;DkGg ug'{ eof], cGo s:tf k|lzIf0fx¿ ;xof]uL x'g ;Sb5g, -olb s]xL 5g\ eg]_ <

!$ tkfO{n] of] k|lzIf0f c¿nfO{ lbg ;'emfj lbg'x'G5 <!$ tkfO{n] of] k|lzIf0f c¿nfO{ lbg ;'emfj lbg'x'G5 <

!% c¿ l6Kk0fL, k|lts[of, ;NNffx, ;'emfj .!% c¿ l6Kk0fL, k|lts[of, ;NNffx, ;'emfj .

tkfO{sf] k|lts[ofsf] nflu wGojfb ÛtkfO{sf] k|lts[ofsf] nflu wGojfb Û

lbg' x'Fb}glbg' x'Fb}glbFbf x'G5lbFbf x'G5kSs} klgkSs} klg

;fdfu|L @%;fdfu|L @%


Gender and security, peacebuilding, peacekeeping

Engaging men and boys in refugee

settings to address sexual and gender-based violence: A report from a workshop

held in Cape Town, South Africa, 22-25 September 2008, (UNHCR and Sonke Gender

Justice Network, September 2008). <http://www.womensrefugeecommission.org/

reports/doc_download/291-engaging-men-and-boys-in-refugee-settings-to-address-

sexual-and-gender-based-violence>

masculinities?’, in Feminist Africa 10 Militarism, Conflict and Women’s Activism,

Issue 10, (African Gender Institute, Cape Town, August 2008), p 49-66. <http://www.

peacewomen.org/portal_resources_resource.php?id=873>

Young female fighters in African wars: Conflict and

its consequences, (Nordic Africa Institute, Uppsala, 2008). <http://www.gsdrc.org/

go/display&type=Document&id=3543>

excellent tools and resources including:

� Bastick M and de Torres D, Implementing the women, peace and security

resolutions in security sector reform, (DCAF/ United Nations International

Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (UN-INSTRAW),

Geneva, 2010). <http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/330D

4109ABFBFF04C12577AE00441B53-DCAF_Sep2010.pdf>

� Bastick M and Valasek K (eds), Gender and security sector reform toolkit, (DCAF,

OSCE/ODIHR, UN-INSTRAW, 2008). <http://www.dcaf.ch/gssrtoolkit>

� DCAF, ‘Gender and Security Sector Reform Training Resource Website’, GSSR

Training Resource Package, <http://www.gssrtraining.ch/>, May 2011

� Gaanderse M, Security for all: West Africa’s good practices on gender in the

security sector, ed. Valasek K, (Geneva: DCAF, 2010). <http://www.dcaf.ch/

Publications/Publication-Detail?lng=en&id=126675>.

Denov M, Girls in fighting forces: Moving beyond victimhood, (Canadian

International Development Agency, Ottawa, 2007). <http://www.gsdrc.org/go/

display&type=Document&id=2999>

European Parliament (EP), European Parliament resolution on participation of women

in peaceful conflict resolution (2000/2025(INI)), 30 November 2000, Brussels.

<http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+TA+P5-TA-

2000-0541+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN>

Fant Lt General C G, Gender equality and gender mainstreaming in Swedish armed

forces, (Graz, 10 May 2007). <http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/equal/data/

document/0705-graz-spefant.pdf>

Farr V, ‘Voices from the margins: A response to security sector reform in developing

;fdu|L @^;fdu|L @^;~rf/ Pjd\ gful/s ;dfhsf nflu n}lËs / ;~rf/ Pjd\ gful/s ;dfhsf nflu n}lËs / ;'/Iff ;DaGwdf pkof]uL >f]t–;fdu|Lx¿;'/Iff ;DaGwdf pkof]uL >f]t–;fdu|Lx¿

8484

and transitional countries’, in Berghof handbook for conflict transformation, (Berghof

Research Centre for Constructive Conflict Management, 2004). <http://www.

berghof-handbook.net/uploads/download/dialogue2_farr.pdf> This report discusses

SSR, the importance of women’s participation and the inclusion of women’s issues

and examines the flaws of SSR approaches in relation to the marginal voices of

disempowered groups, such as women and grassroots organisations.

Harsch E, ‘Security sector reform key to protecting women’, in Africa Renewal Online,

January 2010, p9. <http://www.un.org/ecosocdev/geninfo/afrec/vol23no4/security-

reform.html>

Institute for Inclusive Security, Inclusive security: A curriculum for women waging

peace, (2009). <http://www.huntalternatives.org/pages/7811_inclusive_security_a_

curriculum_for_women_waging_peace.cfm> This is an excellent resource for

policymakers and practitioners who want to include women in peace processes. The

report draws on more than a decade of original research and training by the Institute for

Inclusive Security and accomplished women peace builders from Afghanistan, Bosnia,

Colombia, Haiti, Iraq, Israel and Palestine, Northern Ireland, Rwanda and Sudan.

International Alert, Integrating gender into security sector reform in Burundi. A study on

women’s perceptions of security, (2009). <http://www.international-alert.org/news/

integrating-gender-security-sector-reform-burundi>. The report is part of programme

aimed at supporting local women’s organisations in the implementation of UNSCR 1325.

International Fellowship of Reconciliation Women Peacemakers Program, <http://

www.ifor.org/WPP>, May 2011

International Women’s Tribune Centre ‘Facts about United Nations Security Council

Resolution 1325: Media kit on 1325’, from United Nations Development Fund for

Women (UNIFEM): A Rapid Scan, Organizations Working on Women and Peace in

Nepal, (2006). <http://www.unfpanepal.org/pdf/Media%20kit_final_English.pdf>

Jennings K, ‘Protecting whom? Approaches to sexual exploitation and abuse in UN

peacekeeping operations’, (2008). <http://www.ssrnetwork.net/document_library/

detail/4780/protecting-whom-approaches-to-sexual-exploitation-and-abuse-in-un-

peacekeeping-operations>

Lattu, K, Breaking the code, building capacity to investigate sexual abuse and

exploitation by humanitarian workers: Evaluating ICVA’s Building Safer Organizations

project, (Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children, June 2006). <http://

www.icva.ch/doc00001781.html>

Norwegian Refugee Council Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Nepal country page,

<http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/%28httpCountries%29/CC

2C3C0FBDAD8F03C125746D002F61D9?opendocument&count=10000>, May 2011

Oxfam International (OXFAM), Engaging with communities: The next challenge

for peacekeeping, (22 November 2010). <http://www.peacewomen.org/portal_

resources_resource.php?id=1103>

PeaceWomen resource list on SSR, <http://www.peacewomen.org/themes_viewAll_

resources.php?theme=47&sub=true,> May 2011

Salahub J E, and Nerland K, ‘Just add gender? Challenges to meaningful integration of

;fdfu|L @^;fdfu|L @^


gender in SSR policy and practice’, in The future of security sector reform, ed. Sedra

M, (The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), Waterloo, Canada,

2010), ch. 16. <http://www.cigionline.org/sites/default/files/The%20Future%20

of%20Security%20Sector%20Reform.pdf>

UNDP, Gender approaches in conflict and post-conflict situations, (New York, 2002).

<http://www.undp.org/women/docs/gendermanualfinalBCPR.pdf>

UNIFEM, Securing the peace: Guiding the international community towards women’s

effective participation throughout peace processes, eds Banaszak K, Conaway C P,

Goetz A M, Iiyambo A and Muna M, (2005). <http://www.unifem.org/attachments/

products/Securing_the_Peace.pdf>

UNIFEM, Women peace and security: UNIFEM supporting implementation of Security

Council Resolution 1325, eds Banaszak K, Hill F, Iiyambo A and Muna M, (2004).

<http://www.unifem.org/attachments/products/supporting1325.pdf>

United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations and Department of Field Support, Ten-year impact study on implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000)

on women, peace and security in peacekeeping – final report to the United Nations

Department of Peacekeeping Operations, Department of Field Support, (Peacekeeping

Best Practices Section, United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations, 2010),

<http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/documents/10year_impact_study_1325.pdf>

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), Division

for Gender Equality, <http://www.unesco.org/women/index_en.htm>, May 2011

and DDR’, in United Nations integrated disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration

standards (IDDRS), (New York, 2006). <http://www.unddr.org/iddrs/05/>

United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement

of Women (UN-INSTRAW), <http://www.un-instraw.org>, May 2011. Provides a wide

range of resources and information on gender and security sector reform, including

an analytical framework that identifies the barriers to gendering security sector

reform and other needed reform.

United Nations Security Council, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325

(2000); S/Res/1325 (2000), (31 October 2000). <http://www.un.org/events/

res_1325e.pdf> The resolution on women, peace and security addresses the rights

of those affected by conflict and recognises the disproportionate effect of conflict

on women. It tasks the UN system and member states to ensure that gender

considerations are thoroughly integrated into all aspects of peace and security work.

Valasek K and Nelson K, Securing equality, engendering peace: A guide to policy

and planning on women, peace and security, (UN-INSTRAW, 2006), <http://www.

ssrnetwork.net/document_library/detail/3400/secur.ing-equality-engendering-

peace-a-guide-to-policy-and-planning-on-women-peace-and-security>

http://www.wiis-brussels.org>,

May 2011. WIIS Brussels is an informal international network of women and men

working in international security across all sectors. The network is dedicated to

increasing the influence of women in the field of foreign and defence policy by raising

their numbers, visibility and enhancing dialogue on international security issues.

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The network covers diverse issues affecting international security ranging from non-

proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, terrorism, human rights, sustainable

development, environmental security and conflict resolution.

Displaced women and girls

at risk: Identifying risk factors and taking steps to prevent abuse, (February 2010).

<http://www.womensrefugeecommission.org/reports/doc_download/516-displaced-

women-and-girls-at-risk-identifying-risk-factors-and-taking-steps-to-prevent-abuse>

Room to maneuver: Lessons

from gender mainstreaming in the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations,

(January 2007). <http://www.womensrefugeecommission.org/reports/doc_

download/113-room-to-maneuver-lessons-from-gender-mainstreaming-in-the-un-

department-of-peacekeeping-operations>

http://www.wilpfinternational.

org/>, May 2011. WILPF ihe oldest women’s peace organisation in the world,.

Protection of human rights defenders

http://cejil.org/en/front> Addresses

principles of protection of women against GBV and includes summaries of jurisprudence.

Ensuring protection – European Union guidelines on

human rights defenders. <http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cmsUpload/

GuidelinesDefenders.pdf>

<http://www.frontlinedefenders.org/about/frontline> Operates an emergency 24-

hour phone line for human rights defenders (Arabic, English, French, Spanish and

Russian language). Founded in Dublin in 2001 with the aim of protecting human rights

defenders at risk, people who work, non-violently, for any or all of the rights enshrined

in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). The Foundation aims to address

the protection needs identified by defenders themselves. Hotline +35 31 21 00 489.

http://www2.ohchr.org/

english/issues/defenders/index.htm>

of the 1998 Declaration on human rights defenders. The Special Rapporteur takes

up individual cases of human rights violations committed against defenders with the

states concerned. Tel. +41 229179006, email <[email protected]>

Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders,

Margaret Sekaggya (A/HRC/16/44), (20 December 2010). <http://www2.ohchr.org/

english/bodies/hrcouncil/docs/16session/A-HRC-16-44.pdf>

Disarmament, demobilisation & reintegration

Gender assessment reintegration of former combatants, (IOM Aceh).

Available from <[email protected]>



Gender and disarmament, demobilization and reintegration: Building blocs

for Dutch policy, (Netherlands Institute of International Relations, the Hague, 2005).

<http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/50/58/35112187.pdf>

Addressing gender issues in demobilization and reintegration

programs, (World Bank, Washington DC, 2002). <http://www.worldbank.org/afr/wps/

wp33.pdf>

Journal of

Security Sector Management, volume 6, no. 1, March 2008

A one way street: Defining a new approach to the disarmament,

demobilisation and reinsertion of ex-combatants during the war-to-peace transition, (University of York Post-war Recovery and Development Unit (PRDU) 2001)

reinsertion of former combatants in transitions from war to peace’, in Journal of Peace

Research, 2004, p 499

Security sector reform

Inclusive

security, sustainable peace: A toolkit for advocacy and action (Hunt Alternatives Fund

and International Alert, 2004). <http://www.huntalternatives.org/download/46_

security_sector_reform.pdf>. Full toolkit: <http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/

files/resources/F5CA2590EBFDEE35C1256F5B003C2399-Women_Peace_Building_

International%20_Alert_Nov_2004.pdf>

Trends in security sector reform (SSR): Policy, practice and

research, (IDRC, Ottawa, Canada, 2006). <http://www.ssrnetwork.net/document_

library/detail/3278/trends-in-security-sector-reform-ssr-policy-practice-and-

research>

Renaissance of democratic control of armed forces

in contemporary societies, (Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden Baden, 2004)

Security sector reform: Institutions, society and good

governance, (Nomos, Baden Baden, 2003)

security sector interventions’, Journal of Security Sector Management, volume

6, no. 1, March 2008. <http://www.ssronline.org/jofssm/issues/jofssm_0601_

fitzgerald&jackson.pdf?CFID=3472497&CFTOKEN=24086631>

The European Union and security sector reform, (DCAF,

Geneva, Switzerland, 2008)

Linking and co-ordinating DDR and SSR for human security

after conflict: Issues, experience and priorities, (Saferworld and University of Bradford

– Centre for International Cooperation and Security, 2008). <http://www.ddr-

humansecurity.org.uk/images/DDR%20Working%20Paper%202.pdf>

Responding to people’s security needs: Improving

8888

the impact of EU programming, (Saferworld, London, June 2009). <http://www.

saferworld.org.uk/smartweb/resources/view-resource/397>

http://www.isis-europe.org/index.

php?page=gender> Produces a regular update of resources on gender and security in the

EU, EP, UN, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, Organisation for Security and Co-operation

in Europe (OSCE) and other documents on gender, peace and security. ISIS also lists

European NAPs on UNSCR 1325 in the Gender and Security section on its website.

explicit’, Journal of Security Sector Management, Volume 7, No. 1, February 2009

Handbook on security system reform (SSR): Supporting security and

justice, (OECD, Paris, 2007). <http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/43/25/38406485.pdf>

Saferworld was part of the consortium leading the first phase of developing the OECD

DAC Handbook on Security System Reform and sat on the advisory panel. Gender is

mainstreamed throughout the handbook.

Mwananchi handbook

for community policing, (2009). <http://www.saferworld.org.uk/smartweb/

resources/view-resource/414>

Evaluating for security and justice: Challenges and

opportunities for improved monitoring and evaluation of security system reform

programmes, (Saferworld, London, December 2009). <http://www.saferworld.org.uk/

smartweb/resources/view-resource/415>. (For print copies of Saferworld publications

contact: <[email protected]>)

International police standards:

Guidebook on democratic policing, (DCAF, Geneva, 2009). <http://www.dcaf.ch/

Publications/Publication-Detail?lng=en&id=95670>

Securing peace and development: the role of the

United Nations in supporting security sector reform, A/62/659-S/2008/39, (United

Nations General Assembly Security Council, New York, 23 January 2008). <http://

www.ssrnetwork.net/uploaded_files/4425.pdf>

http://www.

ssrnetwork.net/document_library/search_results.php?search=1&full_

term=Full+search&subject_id=2200&title_term=Search+by+title&region_

id=0&author_term=Search+by+author&country_id=0&search.x=33&search.y=7>

Nepal specific publications on gender and security

Global monitoring checklist on women, peace and security:

Nepal, Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Northern Ireland, Sri Lanka, Ch

3, (Gender Action for Peace and Security UK (GAPS UK)). <www.gaps-uk.org/img_

uploaded/Global Monitoring Checklist full resource.pdf>

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325: Women’s meaningful

participation in peacebuilding and governance, (CARE Nepal, September 2010).

Further information on the work of CARE International in the field of women´s



empowerment or women, peace and security is available from the CARE website at

<http://expert.care.at/de/care-expert/coe-resources/gender.html>.

Report on the situation of women in cantonments. Request a copy of the

report from <[email protected]>.

From resolution to realty: Lessons learned from Afghanistan, Nepal and Uganda

on women’s participation in peacebuilding and post-conflict governance (London,

CARE, 2010). <http://www.care.org/newsroom/specialreports/UNSCR-1325/CARE-

1325-Report-Women-Peace-Participation.pdf>

SAKCHAM: Women’s

empowerment for transformation in the Churia areas, Nepal, (April 2010). Request a

copy of the report from <[email protected]>

Reintegrating gender: A gendered analysis of the Nepali rehabilitation

process, (UN-INSTRAW Gender Peace and Security Series Working Paper, 2010).

<http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/4DF98D25D63E585285257

7CA00683717-Full_Report.pdf>

Public consultation on a draft constitution with particular

reference to women in Nepal, (International IDEA, 2010). <http://www.idea.int/

resources/analysis/upload/Discussion-5_-English.pdf>

Common ground? Gendered assessment of needs and priorities

of Maoist army combatants for integration and rehabilitation (Saferworld, 2010).

<http://www.saferworld.org.uk/smartweb/resources/view-resource/502>

Changing roles of Nepali women due to ongoing conflict: a national study, (SAMANATA Institute for Social and Gender Equality, Kathmandu, 2005)

Women’s political participation and influence in post-conflict Burundi and

Nepal, (PRIO, 2010). <http://www.prio.no/sptrans/1687871333/Womens-Political-

Participation.pdf>

Study of women living in conflict situation in South Asia, (McGill University,

Canada, 1999)

Women and children in the periphery of people’s war, (McGill University,

Canada, 2001)

Eleventh Three Years Interim Plan, Ch 8,

(National Planning Commission, Government of Nepal, 2008)

UNSCR 1325 and 1820: Implementation and monitoring status

in Nepal (Kathmandu, Nepal, Shantimalika, Anamnagar, 2010), Executive Summary

The causes and consequences of re-trafficking: Evidence from the IOM

human trafficking database, (International Organization for Migration, 2010).

<http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/index.php?main_page=product_

info&cPath=41_7&products_id=684>

Resource materials in the NCCR North-South South

Asia Coordination Office Library: NNCR North-South JACS SAs bibliography; Vol 1,

No. 1, (Kathmandu, Nepal, December 2007). <http://www.nccr-nepal.org/Library/

NCCR_N-S_JACS_SAs_Bibliography.pdf> Includes useful publications such as:

9090

� �� p11.

� ��

Neglect over the issue of female combatants in the arms management process,

(Integrated Regional Information Networks/ UN OCHA, December 2006). <http://

www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/KHII-6WU5HY?OpenDocument>

Nepal: Country code (eleventh amendment) bill and women’s rights, Forum for

Women, Law and Development, (Kathmandu, Nepal). <www.wluml.org/node/732>

Breaking patterns of sexual and gender-based violence, (International

Alert, 2010). <http://www.international-alert.org/resources/publications/breaking-

patterns-sexual-and-gender-based-violence>

Eleventh Three Years

Interim Plan, Ch 7, (National Planning Commission, Government of Nepal, 2008)

The security sector legislation of the Federal Democratic Republic

of Nepal, (DCAF, European Studies Centre, Faculty of Humanities, University

Pécs, 2009). <http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/DCAF_

TheSecuritySectorLegislationOfFederalDemocraticRepublicOfNepal.pdf>

The security sector legislation of the Federal Democratic

Republic of Nepal: Commentaries, (DCAF, European Studies Centre, Faculty of

Humanities, University Pécs, 2009). <http://www.dcaf.ch/Publications/Publication-

Detail/?id=115260&lng=en>

Gender and security sector

reform: A policy briefing paper, (Saferworld, 2009). <http://www.saferworld.org.uk/

smartweb/resources/view-resource/456>

Nepal’s widows, (Open Democracy, December 2007). <http://www.

opendemocracy.net/blog/nepals_widows>

Nepal: Preliminary mapping of gender based violence

(UK Department for international Development, TAF, SAATHI, 2010). <http://

asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/GBVMappingNepal.pdf>

Security for whom? Security sector reform and public security

in Nepal, (International Alert, 2009). <http://www.international-alert.org/resources/

publications/security-whom-security-sector-reform-and-public-security-nepal>

Networks and awards for good journalism

Awards for good journalism benefit the careers of winners. Increasingly, submissions

in all media are welcome including blogs, podcasts, online content, print, radio and TV.

Categories include ‘Best Newcomer’, ‘Media of the Year’ and ‘Journalist of the Year’. There

are still very few Nepali or international awards specifically for gender-sensitive journalism

(see Yayori, below) but most awards encompass quality reporting on gender issues.

The Aftermath Project holds an annual grant competition open to working photographers

worldwide covering the aftermath of conflict. <www.theaftermathproject.org>



Amnesty International Media Awards recognise excellence in human rights

reporting and acknowledge journalism’s contribution to public awareness and

understanding of human rights issues. Website: <www.amnesty.org.uk>

Dart Awards for Excellence in Coverage on Trauma recognise exemplary

journalism on the impact of violence, crime, disaster and other traumatic events on

individuals, families and communities. They are sponsored by the Dart Centre for

Journalism and Trauma. <http://dartcenter.org/awards>

Gender Links holds Gender Media Awards every two years. Subjects have included

trafficking of women and children; women’s personal and economic security in

conflict/post-conflict settings; and women’s economic empowerment and gender

issues. Email :<[email protected]>, website: <www.genderlinks.org.

za>

Lorenzo Natali Prize is sponsored by the European Commission/Reporters

Without Borders and includes the Asia–Pacific Region. The award recognises

journalists who contribute to the cause of development, democracy, human rights

and combating poverty. <www.nataliprize2010.eu/content/en/about/contact/index.

php>

One World Media Awards recognise outstanding media coverage of the

developing world and the unique role of journalists and filmmakers in bridging the

divide between different societies and raising awareness of vital development issues,

at <http://oneworldMedia.org.uk/awards/>

Rory Peck Awards for camera men and women have a strong track record of

finalists and winners from the developing world. Enquiries to <Info@rorypecktrust.

org>, website: <www.rorypecktrust.org/page/3018/The+Rory+Peck+Awards>

Search for Common Ground (SCG),is a leading group promoting media for peace in

Africa, Asia and the Middle East. SCG offers ‘Radio for Peacebuilding Africa’ awards

and hosts a newsletter and website for journalists interested in using radio for peace.

Tel. +1 202 777 2256, email <[email protected]>, or visit <www.sfcg.org> and <www.

radiopeaceafrica.org>.

Yayori Journalist Award is sponsored by the Women’s Fund for Peace and Human

Rights and focuses on women journalists and artists (individuals or groups) who

vividly describe and transmit the situation of women in the world with a gender

perspective. Any genres of expression such as films, writings, or printed material are

eligible. Submissions must be translated into Japanese. Enquiries to <info-award@

ajwrc.org>, website: <www.wfphr.org/yayori/English/award/journalist.html>

Of interest in conflict regions

Guardian International Development Journalism Awards. <www.guardian.co.uk/

journalismcompetition>

Kurt Schork Awards for international journalism were created in honour of Kurt

Schork, an American journalist killed in a military ambush on assignment for Reuters

in Sierra Leone. These are the only awards that specifically honour the contributions

of freelance journalists covering foreign news, reporters from the developing world

9292

and countries in transition. A cash prize of US$5,000 is presented to two journalists.

<www.ksmfund.org/awards.html>

The Lifetime Achievement Award recognises a pioneering spirit and determination

that has opened doors for women who aspire to have their voices heard. Candidates

have a credible and continuing record of supporting women in the media, exhibit a

strong commitment to press freedom and are well-respected journalists. Enquiries to

<[email protected]>

UN Population Fund’s UN Population Award is presented annually to an individual

and institution(s) in recognition of outstanding contributions to increasing the

awareness of population questions and human welfare. <www.unfpa.org/public/about/

popaward/>

Journalism networks and organisations

There are many hundreds of journalism organisations worldwide, many operating

internationally. All will be willing to offer advice, including legal advice. The following are

examples of these organisations:

Chartered Institute of Journalists (CIOJ). Based in the UK, the CIOJ is the oldest

professional body for journalists in the world. It was founded as the National

Association of Journalists in 1884 and six years later was granted its Royal Charter by

Queen Victoria, to protect and serve those employed in the field of journalism. The

Institute welcomes international members. Tel +44 20 7252 1187, or contact via the

website at: <http://cioj.co.uk/contact-us>

East-West Centre grants journalism fellowships and exchanges for working

American and Asia–Pacific journalists, to promote understanding of the complexities

of the Asia–Pacific region through study tours. Intensive dialogue with colleagues,

government officials, business executives and community leaders provides

participants with a means to broaden their network of contacts. More information

from <www.eastwestcenter.org/journalismfellowships>

GMMP (Global Media Monitoring Project) is a twice-a-decade study which aims to

document the participation and portrayal of men and women in the world’s news

media. <www.whomakesthenews.org>

IWPR: Institute for War and Peace Reporting is an award-winning educational and

development charity founded in 1991. IWPR informs international debate on conflict

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