IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital,...
-
Upload
basil-george -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital,...
![Page 1: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
IFAD Partner Logo
Nutritional management of dairy animals
Y. Ramana Reddy
Milk IT ProjectNainital, Uttarakhand, India
06-07 November, 2014
![Page 2: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Physiological stages- Dairy cattle
• Calf
• Heifer
• Pregnancy
• Lactation
![Page 3: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Calf feeding
![Page 4: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Colostrum feeding
• Give with in 30-60 mts
• 2.0 kg with in few hours
• 10% of B. wt.
• for 30 kg calf - 3 l/d
![Page 5: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Why colostrum feeding
At birth A calf has no defense against infectious agents Colostrum feeding increasesthe chances of survival.
![Page 6: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Effects of amounts of colostrum fed and time of feeding relative to birth on the transfer of IgG
![Page 7: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Colostrum composition
Item Colostrum Protein 4X Minerals 3X
Energy 2 X
Vitamins 10X Immunogl 6X
![Page 8: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Colostrum and calf diseases (first 12 h of birth)
Amount fed (kg)
Mortality (%)*
2 to 4 15.35 to 8 9.9
8 to 10 6.5
* Average mortality from 1 wk to 6 m of age
![Page 9: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Liquid feeding program for dairy calves
![Page 10: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Milk temperature
37o C
![Page 11: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Pneumonia in calves
![Page 12: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Individual housing (floor pens or hutches) helps
keep the calf healthy
![Page 13: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Calf starter
• Offer at one week of age
• Contains high level of coarse grains
![Page 14: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Development of ruminant stomach
Milk fed up to 12 wks Calf starter fed
![Page 15: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Composition of grain starter
Ingredient % of total ration
Maize 50.0
Soybean meal 12.8
Wheat bran 10.0
Linseed meal 10.0
Distillers grain 10.0
Molasses 5.0
Limestone 1.9
Trace mineral premix 0.20
Vitamin supplement 0.05
Others (Coccidiostat, buffer)
As needed
![Page 16: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Nutrient composition of calf starter
Nutrient % in the rationCrude protein 20.7TDN 80.0Ca 0.94P 0.52
Trace minerals 0.28
![Page 17: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Water
Offer at 4 days of age
Limit water for calves <3 wks of age
![Page 18: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Calf - forage feedingWhen can we feed forage (hay)
At 1 month of age
![Page 19: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
What type of forage• Avoid high quality hay (bloat)
• Quality hay when consuming 3-5 lb calf starter
• Avoid high moisture forages/grains for calves < 3 months old
![Page 20: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Feeding of a palatable grain starter and water allows rapid development of the rumen and early weaning
![Page 21: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
When would I wean my calf frommilk/milk replacer?
> 700 g of calf starter in addition to hay and milk replacer
![Page 23: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Growth trend in calves
![Page 24: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Feed conversion in calves
![Page 25: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Planned heifer rearing
BreedBirthwt
(kg)
Breeding CalvingADG(kg)
AdultWt
(kg) Wt (kg)
Age(mo.)
Wt(kg)
Age(mo.)
HF40-45
360-400 14-16
544-620 23-25 0.74
650-725
Jersey 25-30225-260 13-15
360-425 22-24 0.50
425-500
![Page 26: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Concentrate mixture for young calves
Ingredient Proportion
Maize 38
GNC 32
Wheat bran 20
Molasses 7
Mineral Mix. 2
Salt 1
![Page 27: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Housing heifers
![Page 28: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Age of calving – milk production
![Page 29: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Feeding during pregnancy
Last 2 months of pregnancy critical
Follow challenge feeding
Start with 0.5kg grain and increase gradually to 1.5-2.0kg/d
![Page 30: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Body condition score
BCS 1.5 BCS 3.0 BCS 4.5
![Page 31: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Recommended body condition scores at various stages of lactation
Calving 3.0 to 3.5
Breeding 2.5
Late lactation 3.0 to 3.5
Dry period 3.0 to 3.5
![Page 32: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Effect of body condition score (BCS) losses in early lactation on conception rate
Loss in BCS Conception rate Less than 1 unit 50%
From 1 to 2 units 34%
More than 2 units 21%
![Page 33: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Feeding during lactation
![Page 34: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Energy gap in dairy cows
![Page 35: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Impact of negative energy balance
NEB
% pregnant
Days open
Cull
Mastitis
Lameness
Clin.
ketosis
Serv/conc.
Cyst
![Page 36: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Effects of a cow’s condition on conception rate
Cow’s condition
Total No. of services
Total No. of pregnant
Services/conception
Conception rate (%)
Gaining weight
1368 911 1.50 67
Loosing weight
544 234 2.32 44
![Page 37: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Feeding program for high yielding dairy cows
Total Daily Ration Feeding Program
15 kg silage4 kg hay3 kg brewers grain2.7 kg sugar beet pulp1.8 kg barley3.6 kg dairy compound
5.00 a.m. Dairy compound feed while milking6.00 a.m. SBP and Hay in yards10.00 a.m. Barley and silage in yards4.30 a.m. Dairy compound feed while milking5.00 p.m. Brewers grain in yards9.00 p.m. Dairy compound feed and hay in yards
![Page 38: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Concentrate feeding for various milk production levels by dairy cows fed Forages of low medium and high quality (500 kg cow)
Milk production when forage quality is
Conc. Mix
(BF 4%)Poor Medium High
-- 4 13 --
-- 6 15 0.5
-- 8 17 1.3
2 10 19 2.2
4 12 21 3.0
6 14 23 3.9
8 16 25 4.7
10 18 27 5.6
![Page 39: IFAD Partner Logo Nutritional management of dairy animals Y. Ramana Reddy Milk IT Project Nainital, Uttarakhand, India 06-07 November, 2014.](https://reader038.fdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022110207/56649d345503460f94a0aa7c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Thank you