If we take responsibility for preventive work only of proven value we shall have our hands full.
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Anticipatory care Dr. Basema AL.Khudhair MOH))Family Medicine consultant & trainer Clinical Assistant Professor (KSU) email ( [email protected])
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Anticipatory care Dr. Basema AL.Khudhair MOH) ) Family Medicine consultant & trainer Clinical Assistant Professor (KSU ) email ( ba [email protected]). If we take responsibility for preventive work only of proven value we shall have our hands full. 1Diseased, diagnosed & controlled - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of If we take responsibility for preventive work only of proven value we shall have our hands full.
Anticipatory care
Dr. Basema AL.KhudhairMOH))Family Medicine consultant & trainer
Clinical Assistant Professor (KSU)email ( [email protected])
If we take responsibility for preventive work only of proven value we shall have our hands full.
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1 Diseased, diagnosed & controlled
2 Diagnosed, uncontrolled
3 Undiagnosed or wronglydiagnosed disease
4 Risk factors for disease
5 Free of risk factors
Diagnosed disease
Undiagnosed orwrongly diagnosed
disease
Iceberg phenomenon ?
Does it work?
USA: Mortality from stroke has decreased by 50% since 1972– Early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension
Mortality from cervix cancer decreased by 80%– Pap smear
Neonatal screening: Decrease in mental retardation– Phenylketonuria screening– Congenital hypothyroidism
4National Center for Health Statistics. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/r&d/ndi/ndi.htm
Health Promotion
Includes all measures which promote good health and prevent or delay the onset of disease or their complications.
The essential union of prevention with care and cure (RCGP,1981).
Why in Family Practice ?
Aims:
1-Improve the quality of life.
2-Reduce the burden of premature disability.
3-Increase life expectancy.
Health Promotion:
1-Primary Prevention:Health education.Prophylaxis.
Primary Prevention:
A. Health education: Aims to enlighten people by providing them with
information factors which are known to cause disease.B. Prophylaxis:
An active intervention in an attempt to protect the individual from developing a particular disease e.g.: vaccination.
Cont.
2-Secondary Prevention:Screening. Case finding.
3-Tertiary Prevention :
systematic long term monitoring to prevent or minimize the impact of complication.
What are primary care physicians doing?
Health Care
Health promotion
Risk prevention
Early diagnosis
Complication reduction
Risk reduction
Preventive Medicine!
Primary Prevention Secondary PreventionTertiary
Prevention
Secondary Prevention:
A. Screening: Are systematic attempts to detect undeclared
disease in a population of apparently healthy people.
Before mounting a screening initiative certain
criteria must first be satisfied (Wilson, 1973) .
PHE
Evaluation of apparently healthy individuals in certain time periods, using a number of standard procedures such as counseling, physical examination, and laboratory investigations is called Periodic Health Examination.
Introduction to Primary Care: a course of the Center of Post Graduate Studies In FM
Preventive Medicine and Preventive Medicine and Periodic Health Examinations in Primary CarePeriodic Health Examinations in Primary Care
The Criteria:
1- The condition (the disease) sought should be:Important.Recognizable at an early stage.Readily treatable.
Cont. PHE
2- The screening test used should be:Practical and safe.Acceptable to patients and non invasive.Highly sensitive and highly specific and easy to
interpret. 3- Facilities for diagnosis and management should be
readily available.
Cont. PHE
4- Treatment should be:RecognizedEffective.
5- The cost of screening test should be balanced and screening should be a continuous process.
6- To agree on a policy on whom to treat.
Cont. PHE
8-The population screened : Sufficiently high disease prevalence. Accessibility
9-Compliance with subsequent diagnostic tests &necessary therapy.
Does it work?
USA: Mortality from stroke has decreased by 50% since 1972– Early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension
Mortality from cervix cancer decreased by 80% Neonatal screening
– Decrease in mental retardation Phenylketonuria screening Congenital hypothyroidism
National Center for Health Statistics. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/r&d/ndi/ndi.htm
Rationale:
Many young people die every year due to RTA > 90,000 die < 65year : <32,000 due to cancers. <25,000 due to IHD . Cessation of smoking <33% reduction in all cancers. <25% reduction In IHD. Treating & controlling hypertension reduce CVAs by 50%
Think of your daily life
A50-year old woman applies to your office. She has no history of disease but afraid of having breast cancer.
– Should you perform a breast exam?– Should you teach her breast self exam?– Should you order a mammography?
How do you decide?
Rationale
It’s an important disease for women– Worldwide 719000 new cases/year. (1/1000)– Ist female's cancer (Saudi cancer registry)
It can be recognized early without symptoms– Mammography
Curable– Surgery, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy
The value of treatment is far more than its adverse effects
Screening / PHE programs in Saudi Arabia
Annual periodic health examination for all diabetic and hypertensive patients registered at PHC
Cervical screening Breast cancer screening in some areas Pre-marital screening (genetic dis., infectious dis.) Well baby clinic
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Conclusion:
Management decision must be related to one or more of the following objectives:
Prevention of an illness. Prevention of disability in curable illness. Prevention of further disability in chronic disease. Prevention of relapse. Prevention of death.
Principles of patient education
Interest the recognition of the need patients are unlikely to listen to those things
which are not to their interest
Motivation
Principles of patient education
Participation active learning Known to unknown knowledge is build up to enable patients to
develop an in-depth insight into their own health problems
Principles of patient education
Comprehension Making patient understand what you say Educational background Mental capacity Re inforcement repetition of the information in the same or
during subsequent consultation
Principles of patient education
Encourage the patient to participate in decision making and in accepting some degree of responsibility for his/her own management
Record body weight glucocheck Monitoring temperature B.P
Principles of patient education
Encourage feed back
Involvement of others e.g. family members where appropriate
Establish wheather the objectives have been met and the patient is happy with the outcome
Principles of patient education
Provide take away information patient instruction leaflets resource contacts
Arrange follow up Reinforcement of information preventive measures
Principles of patient education
It is sometimes wrongly assumed that just by providing people with information, they will automatically be able to make healthy choices.
Examples ??
Principles of patient education
Fahad 55 years old blind recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, come to the primary care clinic for follow up visit.
How you will help fahad to understand and cope with diabetes?
Patient education model
Establish the patient’s knowledge of the problem
Describe the problem
Establish the patient’s attitudes to the problem
Patient education model
Correct any incorrect health beliefs
Supplement the patient’s existing knowledge to a level appropriate to the needs of the patient and the doctor
Facilitation by the use of special charts, diagrams, models.
Patient education model
Explore other preventive opportunities Reinforce the information Develop a management plan immediate long term patient participation in decision making
Patient education model
Learning by doing the right step towards positive action Good human relationship patients must accept you as a friend Leader patients learn best from the educator whom they
respect and regard
conclusion
Practicing the principles of patient education will facilitate the doctor relationship with patients and families and improve patient’s satisfaction, and outcome.
