Power Electronics in the Low Carbon UK Economy

Bill Drury Emerson – Control Techniques /

University of Bristol

Power Electronics in the Low Carbon UK Economy

• What is Power Electronics & is it important? • Where is Power Electronics Found / How

does it influence the Low Carbon economy / Is the UK any good at it ?? – Power Generation, Transmission & Distribution – Consumer Electronics & Lighting – Industrial Drives – Transport

• Challenges

What is Power Electronics?

• “Electronics” / microelectronics is used to carry communications or data. Power Electronics manages power/energy

• It is used from the mW (eg mobile phone) through to multi-GW (eg HVDC energy transmission between countries

• Wherever there is a need to modify a form of electrical energy – i.e. change its voltage, current or frequency – then Power Electronics comes into play

Is Power Electronics Important?

• Though rarely seen Power Electronics is critical to: – Industrial processes for control and energy efficiency – Transportation - railways, ships and increasingly cars

and aeroplanes – Building environment, access and transportation – TVs, washing machines, fridges, freezers, cookers,

vacuum cleaners, computer, mobile phones and lighting – Renewable energy & the low-carbon economy incl. the

‘Smart Grid’ • Power Electronics is a critical enabling technology • Power Electronics often defines performance and/or

competitive advantage of a product or system

Large industry

Energy storage

PV

Embedded domestic generation

Smart meters

EVs

HVDC grid

Waste

CHP

CHP SMEs

Commercial buildings

Industry

National/International Regional

Offshore wind

Conventional generation

Power quality device

AC grid Biofuels

Energy storage

Community

H2

Storage

Heat

Rail

Power Electronic Control Communicating device

Power Generation, Transmission & Distribution

Power Generation, Transmission & Distribution Market Size – Partial - 2010

Wind Converters – 36 GW Market in 2010 Source: GWEC Global Wind Report 2010

• PV Converters – 15 GW Market in 2010 Source: EPIA Solar Generation 6 Report 2011

• HVDC Systems – 24 GW Market in 2010 Source: Alstom Grid Estimate

Power Electronics = £7bn

>10% CAGR

Power Generation, Transmission & Distribution UK Strengths & Capabilities

• Systems integration has always been a UK strength

• Major Global Players – Alstom Grid UK – Control Techniques – Converteam UK

• Strong Supply Chain – Dynex – Westcode – Intl. Transformers (IST) – Norfolk Capacitors

• World Class Universities • Innovative Start-ups

Key Differentiators • Industry-leading analog HVICs, MOSFETs and IGBT platforms

• Industry-leading energy saving design expertise

•Silicon packaging technology delivering superior system performance

Key Products •Digital Control ICs •High-Voltage Ics •Si MOSFETs • IGBTs • Integrated Power Modules

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Lighting Computer and Office Equipment

Appliances Consumer

Consumer Electronics and Lighting

• Consumer products market for in 2011 is expected to be £1.7bn for

discrete power semiconductors & £150m for power modules. 11% CAGR

• Lighting market is expected to be £386 million. 8.1% CAGR

• Computer & Office Equipment power management £2.3bn. 14.5% CAGR

Source - IMS Research - The World Market for Semiconductor Discretes & Modules – 2010

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Consumer Electronics and Lighting Market size

• The UK has a number of top twenty global manufacturers of discrete power semiconductors and modules - International Rectifier, NXP, DIODES (Zetex)

• UK based design groups of power semiconductor companies also figure in the global top twenty, e.g. Infineon, STMicroelectronics

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Consumer Electronics and Lighting UK Strengths & Capabilities

Industrial Drives

• 60% of all electrical energy is used in Industrial Electric motors

• Power Electronic control reduced energy consumption typically by 30-40%, and could be applied effectively in about 50% of applications*

• Power Electronic Motor Control has potential to reduce total electrical energy consumption by 9%

* Electronics enabling efficient energy use, e4u, 2009

Industrial Drives Market Size

• Global Market £8.5bn. 13% CAGR • Fragmented market and supply - No one

supplier has more than 25% of the world market

Industrial Drives UK Strengths & Capabilities

• 6 of the top 10 global market leaders have design and/or manufacturing facilities in the UK

• World Class Universities

• Automotive – Power Steering – Air conditioning – Pumps – Suspension – Traction Inverters – Charging – DC-DC Conversion

• Rail – Traction Inverters

• Marine – Propulsion System

• Aerospace

Transport

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM

PRIMARY ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

AVIONICS

ENGINE START

WING ICING PROTECTION

APU

HYDRAULIC MAINS & UNDERCARRIAGE

FLIGHT CONTROL & ACTUATION

ELECTRICAL

BLEED AIR

HYDRAULIC

Total Electrical Rating ~175kVA

(Ratings based on Goodrich internal technical data)

Transport – Aerospace – Conventional

Total Electrical Rating ~1.4MVA

(Ratings based on Goodrich internal technical data)

ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM

PRIMARY ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

AVIONICS ENGINE START

WING ICING PROTECTION

APU

UNDERCARRIAGE

FLIGHT CONTROL & ACTUATION

UNDERCARRIAGE

Transport – Aerospace – More Electric

Automotive • UK 1.7m vehicles/year, @ 75kW = 127.5GW per year • Worldwide 70m vehicles = 5000GW per year • + Charging infrastructure Rail Example • China - 7,200 vehicles @ 3MW = 22GW “per year” Marine • Propulsion alone will be £2.8bn in 2013 Aerospace • Civil market will grow to £1.2bn by 2020

Transport Market Size

>100 years experience – Automotive – 380,000 employed in UK

today.... – Rail – Bombardier, Westinghouse

Signal…….... – Marine – Rolls Royce, Converteam,

…………… – Aerospace - Rolls-Royce, BAE Systems,

EADS, Goodrich Power Systems ………………………..

– Major component suppliers incl Dynex, Westcode, Semelab, NXP, IR, National

Transport UK Strengths & Capabilities

The Global Power Electronics Market

• £70 billion direct market with 11% CAGR

• The market is Global and Competitive

• Multi-national companies operate with Global design and manufacturing locations

The UK Power Electronics Market

• UK Electronics Industry contributes > £50bn to UK GDP and provides 500,000 jobs in 25,000 companies

• UK Power Electronics Manufacturing accounts for about 6.5% (£5 bn) of the Global Power Electronics product with >95% being exported.

• UK-based design groups extend influence on global market.

• UK also has a strong SME base

The UK has a Rich History in Power Electronics

World class companies across a number of market sectors

Internationally recognised universities educating the next generations of power electronic engineers and expanding the

knowledge base through research

Also Critical to the supply chain are innovative SME’s delivering new approaches and technologies to the market

Challenges for Power Electronics

Challenge for Power Electronics

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Electrical & ElectronicEngineeringCivil Engineering

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Challenge for (Power) Electronics

• 41% fewer UK students accepting a place to study EEE in 2010 than in 2002

• 12.9% fewer 15-19 year olds in 2018 than there were in 2008

• 33% of engineering graduates take non-engineering related jobs

• University fees rise to circa £9k in 2012

Thank you for your attention