IEEE SoSE Conference, 2018sosengineering.org/2018/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Jean...OPEN IEEE SoSE...
Transcript of IEEE SoSE Conference, 2018sosengineering.org/2018/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Jean...OPEN IEEE SoSE...
OPEN
IEEE SoSE Conference, 2018
Investigating in SoS Taxonomies to improve Systems Engineering
Jean-Luc Garnier
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
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Outline
q Systems Engineering context and ongoing developments of standards
q Lesson learned from studies and developments of systems of systems
q Visions and Proposed taxonomies
q Challenges and conclusion
q Questions
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
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Thales Group
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
EACH OF THE MARKETS THAT THALES SERVES PLAYS A VITAL ROLE
IN SOCIETY.
AEROSPACE DEFENCESPACE SECURITYGROUND TRANSPORTATION
15 billion euros
Employees
64,000Global presence
56 countries
OPEN
Systems Engineering context and ongoing developments of standards
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
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Main international references on Systems Engineering
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
ISO/IEC/IEEE-15288(Standard = requirementsfor any domain)
IEEE-15288-1Will become an ISO reference soon
IEEE-15288-2Will become an ISO reference soon
INCOSE SE Handbook(Guide = state of the art forany domain)
Do not address Systems of Systems significantly
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Engineering within Thales
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
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ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 – Software and systems engineering
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
179 published standards (as of May 2018)35 references under development
Software life cycle processes
System life cycle processes
Quality management
Life cycle process assessment model
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On going developments of ISO/IEC/IEEE references
After an ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 Study Group, in 2016:
21839 – Systems and software engineering -- System of systems considerations in life cycle stages of a system
Life cycle activities of a system belonging (planned to belong) to one or more Systems of Systems
21840 – Guidelines for the utilization of ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 in the context of System of Systems Engineering
Systems activities to sustain System of Systems life cycle processes
21841 – Taxonomy of systems of systemsKinds and types (Taxa) of Systems of SystemsStarting with one taxonomy for short-term releasePlanned extensions to provide other taxonomies more related to Systems Engineering and Operations
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
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Lesson learned from studies and developments of systems of systems
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4 main European Studies addressed Systems of Systems
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
http://www.compass-research.eu/
https://www.tareasos.eu/ http://www.road2sos-project.eu
http://www.danse-ip.eu/home/
T-Area-SoS:• Towards a SoS roadmap• Supply-side driven• Top-Down approach• Systems Engineering• US-EU
Road2SoS:• Towards a SoS roadmap• Sector/demand-side driven• Bottom-up approach• Consulting industry experts• Use cases: Energy, Manufacturing,
Crisis Management, Traffic Control
Danse:• Designing for adaptability and
evolution in SoS Engineering• SoS engineering approaches• Use cases: Air Traffic Management;
Autonomous Ground Transportation; Water Treatment and Supply
Compass• Comprehensive Modelling for
Advanced Systems of Systems• Model-Based tools• Use cases: Emergency Response;
Audio/Video/Home; Automation Ecosystem; Integrated Modular Avionics.
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Studies and developments of Systems of Systems involving Thales
▌Air Traffic Management (SESAR, OneSky, MARSHALL)
▌NATO Air Command & Control (ACCS – Loc1)
▌NATO Networks (ISAF, NGCS, FMN)
▌Federation of French Land Forces (OE SIC, SIA)
▌Federation of French Land Combats Systems (SCORPION)
▌Global Earth Observation (GEOSS/GMES/GMOSAIC)
▌Border Surveillance (Sysfron)
▌Crisis Management (Isycri)
▌Etc.
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
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Lesson learned regarding scientific baselines
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
▌MAIER’s criteriaOperational independence of the component systemsManagerial independence of the component systemsEvolutionary developmentEmergent behaviorGeographic distribution (no shared resource)
Considering criteria dependenciesEvolutionary development is a learning process WRT integration of component systemsEmergent behavior is a consequence of operation of component systemsResource segregation is required for independent systems but never totally possible
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Lesson learned regarding scientific baselines
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
▌MAIER’s criteriaOperational independence of the component systemsManagerial independence of the component systemsEvolutionary developmentEmergent behaviorGeographic distribution (no shared resource)
In reality: these criteria are never totally satisfied
Compromise have to be reached
John Boardman & Brian Sauser “System of Systems – the meaning of of”v Autonomy (independence) vs Belonging to SoSv Geographical distribution VS Connectivityv Diversity & Emergence VS SoS objectives
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Lesson learned: A System of Systems is always more than a set of systems working together
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
Scheduled processes are necessary for overall behavior
Constituent systems
Adaptors are necessary for alignment
• Semantic
• Doctrines
• Protocols
• Interfaces
Major problems
SoS Infrastructure / Connectivity
• Governance• Contracting• Management• Engineering• Deployment• Etc.
E.g. NCOIC definitions
Infrastructure Capabilities and Services
System Capabilities and Services
E.g. See NATO NC3 taxonomy and NISP (unclassified)
and efforts
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Lesson learned: A System of Systems is always more than a set of systems working together
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
Scheduled processes are necessary for overall behavior • Doctrines
• Interfaces
Major problems
SoS Infrastructure / Connectivity
System Capabilities and Services
Infrastructure Capabilities and Services
Constituent systems
Adaptors are necessary for alignment
• Semantic
• Protocols
E.g. See NATO NC3 taxonomy and NISP (unclassified) E.g. NCOIC definitions
and efforts
???Adaptation
? • Governance• Contracting• Management• Engineering• Deployment• Etc.
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Other Lessons learned
▌Development of Systems of systems can begin before or after the development of constituent systems
▌Most of the time, development and operational phases of systems of systems are overlapping
▌Constituent systems can be added / removed during the life cycle of a system of systems
▌Most critical aspects within systems of systems are:Management of life cycles of systems of systems and constituent systemsStability of the capabilities, services and other interaction elementsContracting and collaboration regarding the systems of systems and constituent systems
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
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Visions and proposed taxonomies
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
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Classification from French MOD “Ecole SoS”
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
Management styles(how to get them?)
Objectives(How to reach them?)
Federated forcirconstance
cooperative
collaborative
Directed
Single [complex] system
Set ofInteroperatingsystems
Various types of SoS have to be considered
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One of the proposed TaxonomyPurpose of the current ISO/IEC/IEEE 21841 development
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
Virtual SoS Collaborative SoSDirected SoSAcknowledged SoS
Based on Dahmann & Baldwin, 2008
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Another taxonomy under preparation:Degree of anticipation of engineering activities
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
Permanent Systems of Systems• Existing when the contract is launched• Not expected to end• Continuous systems engineering
activities to fit for purpose
Prepared Systems of Systems• Contract for Systems Engineering
launched before the operational phase• Evolution and maintenance done during
operation
Episodic Systems of Systems• Most of the constituent systems of
prepared for typical scenarios• A system of systems is deployed on
demand
Phased Systems of Systems• Prepared with a number of valid
configurations• One of more configuration of
instantiated when required
Examples:• Border surveillance• Smart cities
Examples:• Crisis Management• Military reactive responses
Examples:• Air traffic Management• New governmental capabilities
Examples:• Military force protection• Search & rescue
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Another taxonomy under preparation:Degrees of integration and contracting levels
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
Capability–Based Systems of Systems• Capabilities sustain the overall
processes• Contracting on constituent systems
capabilities
Service-Based Systems of Systems• Service-based interactions and
integration• Constituent systems are provided “as
services”
Function-based Systems of Systems• Each constituent system exposes one or
several functions• Interactions via function invocation and
functional-flows
Resource-based Systems of Systems• Interaction and regulation via
production and consumption of tangible and intangible resources (including Data)
Examples:• Contracting between agencies and
with PMO in large organisations.
Examples:• Application-based configuration• “classic” Systems Engineering approach
Examples:• IT based configurations• Service-oriented contracts
Examples:• Smart grids• Transportation
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Comments on these taxonomies
▌ A system of Systems can be analyzed through the different taxonomies.
E.g. Systems of systems for Air Traffic Management are directed, highly prepared and service-oriented.
▌ A system of Systems can be worked through several taxonomy elements along its life cycle.
E.g. Prepared Systems of Systems can become permanent.
▌ A Capability-based approach has to be thought from the beginning and require a high-level of maturity.
I.e. Currently, only large organizations perform capability-based governance activities
▌ Resource-based and functional-based systems of systems can evolve towards a Service-oriented approach.
E.g. most of the time, this is the case for enterprise transformation.
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
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Challenges and Conclusion
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
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Challenges identified in development of systems of systems
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
Challenges
1- Contracting of SoS dynamically defined 2- Multi-layer agile Systems Engineering and agile SoS breakdown3- Dynamic loose coupling and (re)configuration of constituent systems4- Flexible paradigms for interaction (mix of services, artefacts, events and streams)5- Behavior (multi-level consistent scheduling + non-functional properties)
6- Multi-level life cycles management7- Engineering process to meet both bottom-up; top-down; dynamic system insertion/removal;
legacy alignment8- Run-time Management, Integrated logistic support and training on SoS or system built
dynamically 9- Modelling and simulation to estimate feasibility, forecast behaviour and provide a
reference for management
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Conclusion
▌ Existing systems of systems can now provide facts on developments and operations.
▌ Significant challenges are identified related systems of systems.
▌ There is a need to bridge Science and Industry practices.
▌ Standards are currently under development; but will certainly evolve to take into account scientific improvement and return of experience from Industry.
▌ Stronger definitions, including taxonomies of systems of systems, will help improving the subject.
▌ Every Systems Engineer should be concerned because any product, service and system may be part of one or more systems of systems.
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Questions
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
If you are interested in Systems Engineering of SoS:• INCOSE SoS Working Group• ISO JTC1/SC7• AFIS “3S-AI” Technical Committee
OPEN
Annexes for take away
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SoS criteria apply to products (systems)
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
▌ Do you think the provider master the life cycle of the components?
Operating systems Windows, Linux, Android, etc)Devices (disk drive, hardware pug-ins, etc).
Call this “managerial independence”
▌ Do you think we master the life cycle of the applicative components?
Office toolsOn-board and off-boards apps.
Call this “Operational independence”
▌ SoS approach is a way to better understand problems in products and systems:
Emergent behaviorEvolutionary developmentDependability (segregation resources and functions)
Maier’s criteria also work for products!
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SoS approach is a way to better understand multi-systemic composition
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018
▌ Product parts can be studied with a systemic approach:
Driving systemEnergy systemPropulsion systemBreaking systemNavigation systemMulti-media systemEtc.
▌ SoS criteria allow refining the operational analysis, WBS, OBS & PBS.
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SoS approach is a way to better understand multi-systemic composition
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Example 1: after Jeep hack, Chrysler recalls 1.4 M vehicles for bug fix.
Example 2: In a car, battery is a single point of failure: break-down consequence? Why not having two?
▌ Product parts can be studied with a systemic approach:
Driving systemEnergy systemPropulsion systemBreaking systemNavigation systemMulti-media systemEtc.
▌ SoS criteria allow refining the operational analysis, WBS, OBS & PBS.
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erve
d.
OPEN
End
Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018