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OPEN IEEE SoSE Conference, 2018 Investigating in SoS Taxonomies to improve Systems Engineering Jean-Luc Garnier Technical Directorate, System Domain JLG, 20/06/2018

Transcript of IEEE SoSE Conference, 2018sosengineering.org/2018/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Jean...OPEN IEEE SoSE...

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IEEE SoSE Conference, 2018

Investigating in SoS Taxonomies to improve Systems Engineering

Jean-Luc Garnier

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

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Outline

q Systems Engineering context and ongoing developments of standards

q Lesson learned from studies and developments of systems of systems

q Visions and Proposed taxonomies

q Challenges and conclusion

q Questions

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

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Thales Group

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

EACH OF THE MARKETS THAT THALES SERVES PLAYS A VITAL ROLE

IN SOCIETY.

AEROSPACE DEFENCESPACE SECURITYGROUND TRANSPORTATION

15 billion euros

Employees

64,000Global presence

56 countries

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Systems Engineering context and ongoing developments of standards

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

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Main international references on Systems Engineering

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

ISO/IEC/IEEE-15288(Standard = requirementsfor any domain)

IEEE-15288-1Will become an ISO reference soon

IEEE-15288-2Will become an ISO reference soon

INCOSE SE Handbook(Guide = state of the art forany domain)

Do not address Systems of Systems significantly

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Engineering within Thales

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

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ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 – Software and systems engineering

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

179 published standards (as of May 2018)35 references under development

Software life cycle processes

System life cycle processes

Quality management

Life cycle process assessment model

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On going developments of ISO/IEC/IEEE references

After an ISO/IEC JTC1/SC7 Study Group, in 2016:

21839 – Systems and software engineering -- System of systems considerations in life cycle stages of a system

Life cycle activities of a system belonging (planned to belong) to one or more Systems of Systems

21840 – Guidelines for the utilization of ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 in the context of System of Systems Engineering

Systems activities to sustain System of Systems life cycle processes

21841 – Taxonomy of systems of systemsKinds and types (Taxa) of Systems of SystemsStarting with one taxonomy for short-term releasePlanned extensions to provide other taxonomies more related to Systems Engineering and Operations

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

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Lesson learned from studies and developments of systems of systems

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

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4 main European Studies addressed Systems of Systems

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

http://www.compass-research.eu/

https://www.tareasos.eu/ http://www.road2sos-project.eu

http://www.danse-ip.eu/home/

T-Area-SoS:• Towards a SoS roadmap• Supply-side driven• Top-Down approach• Systems Engineering• US-EU

Road2SoS:• Towards a SoS roadmap• Sector/demand-side driven• Bottom-up approach• Consulting industry experts• Use cases: Energy, Manufacturing,

Crisis Management, Traffic Control

Danse:• Designing for adaptability and

evolution in SoS Engineering• SoS engineering approaches• Use cases: Air Traffic Management;

Autonomous Ground Transportation; Water Treatment and Supply

Compass• Comprehensive Modelling for

Advanced Systems of Systems• Model-Based tools• Use cases: Emergency Response;

Audio/Video/Home; Automation Ecosystem; Integrated Modular Avionics.

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Studies and developments of Systems of Systems involving Thales

▌Air Traffic Management (SESAR, OneSky, MARSHALL)

▌NATO Air Command & Control (ACCS – Loc1)

▌NATO Networks (ISAF, NGCS, FMN)

▌Federation of French Land Forces (OE SIC, SIA)

▌Federation of French Land Combats Systems (SCORPION)

▌Global Earth Observation (GEOSS/GMES/GMOSAIC)

▌Border Surveillance (Sysfron)

▌Crisis Management (Isycri)

▌Etc.

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

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Lesson learned regarding scientific baselines

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

▌MAIER’s criteriaOperational independence of the component systemsManagerial independence of the component systemsEvolutionary developmentEmergent behaviorGeographic distribution (no shared resource)

Considering criteria dependenciesEvolutionary development is a learning process WRT integration of component systemsEmergent behavior is a consequence of operation of component systemsResource segregation is required for independent systems but never totally possible

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Lesson learned regarding scientific baselines

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

▌MAIER’s criteriaOperational independence of the component systemsManagerial independence of the component systemsEvolutionary developmentEmergent behaviorGeographic distribution (no shared resource)

In reality: these criteria are never totally satisfied

Compromise have to be reached

John Boardman & Brian Sauser “System of Systems – the meaning of of”v Autonomy (independence) vs Belonging to SoSv Geographical distribution VS Connectivityv Diversity & Emergence VS SoS objectives

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Lesson learned: A System of Systems is always more than a set of systems working together

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

Scheduled processes are necessary for overall behavior

Constituent systems

Adaptors are necessary for alignment

• Semantic

• Doctrines

• Protocols

• Interfaces

Major problems

SoS Infrastructure / Connectivity

• Governance• Contracting• Management• Engineering• Deployment• Etc.

E.g. NCOIC definitions

Infrastructure Capabilities and Services

System Capabilities and Services

E.g. See NATO NC3 taxonomy and NISP (unclassified)

and efforts

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Lesson learned: A System of Systems is always more than a set of systems working together

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

Scheduled processes are necessary for overall behavior • Doctrines

• Interfaces

Major problems

SoS Infrastructure / Connectivity

System Capabilities and Services

Infrastructure Capabilities and Services

Constituent systems

Adaptors are necessary for alignment

• Semantic

• Protocols

E.g. See NATO NC3 taxonomy and NISP (unclassified) E.g. NCOIC definitions

and efforts

???Adaptation

? • Governance• Contracting• Management• Engineering• Deployment• Etc.

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Other Lessons learned

▌Development of Systems of systems can begin before or after the development of constituent systems

▌Most of the time, development and operational phases of systems of systems are overlapping

▌Constituent systems can be added / removed during the life cycle of a system of systems

▌Most critical aspects within systems of systems are:Management of life cycles of systems of systems and constituent systemsStability of the capabilities, services and other interaction elementsContracting and collaboration regarding the systems of systems and constituent systems

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

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Visions and proposed taxonomies

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

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Classification from French MOD “Ecole SoS”

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

Management styles(how to get them?)

Objectives(How to reach them?)

Federated forcirconstance

cooperative

collaborative

Directed

Single [complex] system

Set ofInteroperatingsystems

Various types of SoS have to be considered

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One of the proposed TaxonomyPurpose of the current ISO/IEC/IEEE 21841 development

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

Virtual SoS Collaborative SoSDirected SoSAcknowledged SoS

Based on Dahmann & Baldwin, 2008

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Another taxonomy under preparation:Degree of anticipation of engineering activities

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

Permanent Systems of Systems• Existing when the contract is launched• Not expected to end• Continuous systems engineering

activities to fit for purpose

Prepared Systems of Systems• Contract for Systems Engineering

launched before the operational phase• Evolution and maintenance done during

operation

Episodic Systems of Systems• Most of the constituent systems of

prepared for typical scenarios• A system of systems is deployed on

demand

Phased Systems of Systems• Prepared with a number of valid

configurations• One of more configuration of

instantiated when required

Examples:• Border surveillance• Smart cities

Examples:• Crisis Management• Military reactive responses

Examples:• Air traffic Management• New governmental capabilities

Examples:• Military force protection• Search & rescue

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Another taxonomy under preparation:Degrees of integration and contracting levels

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

Capability–Based Systems of Systems• Capabilities sustain the overall

processes• Contracting on constituent systems

capabilities

Service-Based Systems of Systems• Service-based interactions and

integration• Constituent systems are provided “as

services”

Function-based Systems of Systems• Each constituent system exposes one or

several functions• Interactions via function invocation and

functional-flows

Resource-based Systems of Systems• Interaction and regulation via

production and consumption of tangible and intangible resources (including Data)

Examples:• Contracting between agencies and

with PMO in large organisations.

Examples:• Application-based configuration• “classic” Systems Engineering approach

Examples:• IT based configurations• Service-oriented contracts

Examples:• Smart grids• Transportation

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Comments on these taxonomies

▌ A system of Systems can be analyzed through the different taxonomies.

E.g. Systems of systems for Air Traffic Management are directed, highly prepared and service-oriented.

▌ A system of Systems can be worked through several taxonomy elements along its life cycle.

E.g. Prepared Systems of Systems can become permanent.

▌ A Capability-based approach has to be thought from the beginning and require a high-level of maturity.

I.e. Currently, only large organizations perform capability-based governance activities

▌ Resource-based and functional-based systems of systems can evolve towards a Service-oriented approach.

E.g. most of the time, this is the case for enterprise transformation.

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

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Challenges and Conclusion

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

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Challenges identified in development of systems of systems

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

Challenges

1- Contracting of SoS dynamically defined 2- Multi-layer agile Systems Engineering and agile SoS breakdown3- Dynamic loose coupling and (re)configuration of constituent systems4- Flexible paradigms for interaction (mix of services, artefacts, events and streams)5- Behavior (multi-level consistent scheduling + non-functional properties)

6- Multi-level life cycles management7- Engineering process to meet both bottom-up; top-down; dynamic system insertion/removal;

legacy alignment8- Run-time Management, Integrated logistic support and training on SoS or system built

dynamically 9- Modelling and simulation to estimate feasibility, forecast behaviour and provide a

reference for management

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Conclusion

▌ Existing systems of systems can now provide facts on developments and operations.

▌ Significant challenges are identified related systems of systems.

▌ There is a need to bridge Science and Industry practices.

▌ Standards are currently under development; but will certainly evolve to take into account scientific improvement and return of experience from Industry.

▌ Stronger definitions, including taxonomies of systems of systems, will help improving the subject.

▌ Every Systems Engineer should be concerned because any product, service and system may be part of one or more systems of systems.

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

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Questions

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

If you are interested in Systems Engineering of SoS:• INCOSE SoS Working Group• ISO JTC1/SC7• AFIS “3S-AI” Technical Committee

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Annexes for take away

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

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SoS criteria apply to products (systems)

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

▌ Do you think the provider master the life cycle of the components?

Operating systems Windows, Linux, Android, etc)Devices (disk drive, hardware pug-ins, etc).

Call this “managerial independence”

▌ Do you think we master the life cycle of the applicative components?

Office toolsOn-board and off-boards apps.

Call this “Operational independence”

▌ SoS approach is a way to better understand problems in products and systems:

Emergent behaviorEvolutionary developmentDependability (segregation resources and functions)

Maier’s criteria also work for products!

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SoS approach is a way to better understand multi-systemic composition

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

▌ Product parts can be studied with a systemic approach:

Driving systemEnergy systemPropulsion systemBreaking systemNavigation systemMulti-media systemEtc.

▌ SoS criteria allow refining the operational analysis, WBS, OBS & PBS.

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SoS approach is a way to better understand multi-systemic composition

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

Example 1: after Jeep hack, Chrysler recalls 1.4 M vehicles for bug fix.

Example 2: In a car, battery is a single point of failure: break-down consequence? Why not having two?

▌ Product parts can be studied with a systemic approach:

Driving systemEnergy systemPropulsion systemBreaking systemNavigation systemMulti-media systemEtc.

▌ SoS criteria allow refining the operational analysis, WBS, OBS & PBS.

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End

Technical Directorate, System DomainJLG, 20/06/2018

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