IEEE 802 Standards and Heterogeneous Networks ...

© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved.

IEEE 802 Standards and

Heterogeneous Networks

- Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

6th of April, 2010

Juan Carlos Zúñiga

Sr. Staff Engineer – InterDigital Communications, LLC

IEEE 802.21 WG Vice-Chair


Table of Contents

• InterDigital’s Overview

• IEEE 802 Standards

• Network Convergence and the IEEE 802.21-2008 Media

Independent Handover (MIH) Standard

• IEEE 802.21 Sub-Groups

• MIH Demonstrator

© 2010 InterDigital, Inc. All rights reserved. 3

InterDigital’s Overview


Overview

Strong wireless technology expertise

– 200+ engineers; 80% with advanced technical degrees

– Over 17,000 issued patents and patent applications

● Technology used in every cellular device

● Deep relationships in wireless ecosystem

– 60% of 3G market under license

– Software in millions of 3G devices

Financial strength and stability

– Recurring revenues: ~$300 million per year

– Highly profitable, ~ 30% margin

– Cash: $400+ million, no debt

– Market capitalization: $1 billion (NASDAQ: IDCC)

– Ranked #3 in best mid-cap stocks by Forbes (2009)

R&D, Montreal, Canada R&D, Melville, NY

Headquarters, R&D, King of Prussia, PA

All trademarks are the sole property of their respective owners

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Technology development ahead of the curve

When analog cellular started to gain traction, we were already working on digital wireless systems

When the world was focused on voice, our focus was data

When others looked at narrowband, we were developing wideband

Wireless Industry Pioneers

Focused on fundamental system architecture

Wireless resource management

Network robustness

Interference mitigation

5


Yesterday: People Connecting to People

Since 1990 and continuing growth

6 B subscribers worldwide

Over 1B devices shipped yearly

Over $2.5B in patent licensing

Cellular WiFi

WiMax

Femto

Relays

6


Today: People Connecting to Things

Cellular

WiMax

WiFi

Femto

Relays Sensors

Ambiance

Mesh

Highly complex, unorganized and disconnected

7


Sensors

Tomorrow: Network of Networks

Cellular

WiMax

WiFi

Mesh

Ambiance

Femto

Relays

Billions of subscribers, trillions of connections

Seamlessly connected and fully integrated

8


Sensors

Demand for Pervasive Wireless Services

Cellular

WiMax

WiFi

Mesh

Ambiance

Femto

Relays

Social Networks

Shopping, Banking, Secure Transactions

Healthcare

Intelligent Highways &

Vehicular Comms

Education

Smart Power Grid

Entertainment and

Gaming

New services and applications

All shapes and sizes

On any device, anywhere, at anytime

Wireless Home

All trademarks are the sole property of their respective owners

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Pervasive Content = Bandwidth Crunch

Global Mobile Network Data Traffic

Source: ABI Research, Mobile Data Traffic Analysis 009

20,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

18,000

16,000

14,000

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0

Web/Internet

VoIP

Video Streaming/TV

P2P

Audio Streaming

Pe

tab

yte

ss

Mobile data demand is exploding due to pervasive

content, leading to a looming bandwidth gap

Source: Cisco

20 x Bandwidth

Gap

LTE offers only

~3x-5x improvement

10


Solutions in Our Labs Today

Core innovations that support increased data

usage and a richer multimedia experience

LTE

Collaborative

Communications

Compression

Untapped

Spectrum

HSPA+

LTE-A

Local Content

Routing

Femto/WiFi

Cognitive

Spectrum

Management

Spectrum

Optimization

Bigger Pipes

Connectivity

& Mobility

More Pipes Intelligent

Data Delivery

Better Pipes

Next

Generation

Cellular

11


IEEE 802 Standards


Typical Scope of IEEE 802 Standards

Typical

Scope of

IEEE 802

Standards


Some Well Known IEEE 802 Standards

• 802.3 Ethernet Working Group

• 802.11 Wireless LAN Working Group (WLAN) – Certified by Wi-Fi Alliance

• 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network Working Group – Bluetooth Specification ratified as 802.15.1

• 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group (WirelessMAN) – Certified by WiMAX Forum

• 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) Working Group

Letters following the Group number refer to amendments

(e.g. 802.11a/b/g/n/etc.)


IEEE 802 – Open Process and Standards

• Process

– Call for Contributions

– Discuss and debate at meeting

– Create draft by 75% vote

– Working Group Ballot

– IEEE Sponsor Ballot

• Participation – Anyone can participate

Subscribe and Post to mailing lists

Examine documents

Contribute and comment on documents

Voting at meetings requires however physical presence and voting rights

Join the IEEE Sponsor Ballot Pool – Vote and comment on draft standards

– Must join IEEE Standards Association to vote

Sponsor Ballot Group must include both Producers and Users


Network Convergence and the

IEEE 802.21 MIH Standard


Multi-Radio Networking Evolution

• Multiple Wireless Technologies

• All-IP Core Networks

• More Capable Devices

• Evolving Usage Models

Multi-Radio Operation is Becoming the Norm


Genesis for 802.21

Handover

Initiation

Handover

Preparation

Handover

Execution

Search New

Link

Network Discovery

Network Selection

Setup New

Link

Layer 2 Connectivity

IP Connectivity

Transfer

Connection

Context Transfer

Packet Reception

IEEE 802.21 helps with HO Triggering, Access

Network Selection and Interface Activation

Scope of 802.21


802.21 Services

Event Services Link Layer Triggers

State Changes Measurements Client Initiated

Information Services Available Networks Neighbour Maps Network Services

Command Services Handover Commands

Client Initiated Network Initiated

Vertical Handovers

802.21 MIH Function

Protocol and Device Hardware

Applications

Connection

Management

WLAN Cellular

L2 Triggers

and Events

Information

Services

Mobility Management Protocols

Smart

Triggers Information

Services

Handover

Messages

Handover Management

Handover

Policy

Command

Services IEE

E 8

02

.21

IE

TF

WiMAX

802.21 Uses Multiple Services to Optimize

Vertical Handovers


802.21 MIH Function

802.21 MIH User

(Mobility Controller) 802.21 MIH User

(Mobility Policy)

WiFi Cellular

Other Mobility

Protocols (Mobile

IP, SIP, etc.)

802.21 MIH Function

WiMAX

MIH Messaging over the Internet

Internet

802.21 MIH

Network

Server

Event

Service

Event

Service Info

Service Command

Service

Command

Service

Info

Service

802.21 MIH

Converged

Device

IP

Header

Payload

802.21

Remote MIH data

(ES, CS, IS)

exchanged over IP

[Ref: IETF RFC5677]


Mobile IP &

802.21

based

WiMAX signal

strength falling

802.21 sets up

WCDMA

connection

802.21 triggers

Mobile IP to

perform handover

802.21 turns

off WiMAX

radio

IP session

resumes

Handover

Interruption

(< 0.5 sec)

Time

Connection

Manager or

OS based

WiMAX signal

strength falling

WiMAX radio

coverage lostWCDMA

connectivity setup

(Connection

Manger or OS

triggered)

Mobile IP movement

detection, or DHCP

trigger

New IP

address

acquired

IP session

resumes

Handover Interruption

(> 10 sec)

Time

Reducing Make-before-Break (MBB) Handover Interruption

• Example of WiMAX to WCDMA handover


Inter-Technology Mobility Solutions

Solution Key Standards Handover Mode Characteristics

Unlicensed Mobile

Access (UMA)

3GPP (introduced in R6)

CS-PS

(main focus)

PS-PS (secondary)

• Specific for WLAN-3G, and VoIP

to CS handovers

• Requires extensive Radio Access

Network (RAN) and protocol stack

changes

Voice Call

Continuity (VCC)

3GPP (introduced in R7)

CS-PS

(main focus)

PS-PS (secondary)

• Solution for VoIP to CS handovers

which can be applied to many

technologies

• Generally long delays as handover

done at the IMS application level

(SIP)

L3+ Mobility

Protocol (e.g. Mobile IP, PMIP, SIP)

IETF (original Mobile IP drafts ~ 1996,

and continuous development

since then)

PS-PS • Layer three and above solution for

IP-based services

• Generally long delays as handover

done at the IP level

MIH (802.21 and RFC5677)

IEEE/IETF (finalized in 4Q-2008)

PS-PS • Link Layer solution which can be

applied to many technologies

• Enhances L3, VCC (IMS) and

other upper layer mobility solutions

to provide best performance

• No Radio Access Network

changes required

Note: CS = Circuit Switched, PS = Packet Switched


IEEE 802.21 Sub-Groups


Active 802.21 Groups

• 802.21 Working Group – This is the group that created the IEEE 802.21-2008

specification for Media Independent Handovers (MIH)

– The Working Group (WG) is the umbrella for Task Groups (TGs) and Study Groups (SGs) working on enhancements and amendments to the baseline specification

• 802.21a Security Task Group – Defining mechanisms to reduce the latency of authentication and

key establishment during handovers

– Also defining mechanisms to provide data integrity, replay protection, confidentiality and data origin authentication


Active 802.21 Groups

• 802.21b Broadcast Services Task Group – Defining new features in 802.21 to support broadcast (e.g.

downlink-only) technologies.

– Some of these technologies include Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (T-DMB) and Media Forward Link Only (MediaFLOTM)

• 802.21 Heterogeneous Wireless Networks Study Group – The group is studying the possibility of using the 802.21

framework to provide a media independent link layer that can be used to form, control and manage heterogeneous wireless backhauls


3GPP / 3GPP2 Network

MIH Function

802 Network

MIH Function

MIH Users

802 Interface

Mobile Node

802 Interface

DATA

MIH Function

3GPP/

3GPP2

Interface

MIH Users Higher Layer

Transport


Transport Higher Layer

Transport

Legend

MIH Message Transport MIH Local Interface

DATA MGMT MGMT Broadcast Network

(e.g. DVB)

MIH Function


Transport

B’cast Interface

Possible Approach for 802.21b


Other related 802 Study Groups

• 802 Emergency Support SG

• Current intention is to make an independent specification to provide consistent support within IEEE 802 technologies for local and national emergency services

• These services include citizen to authority (e.g. 911 calls), authority to citizen (e.g. emergency alert broadcasts for weather or tsunami) and authority to authority (e.g. priority override).


Improved Seamless Connectivity

with MIH


AS

HSS

SLFI-CSCF

S-CSCF

IMS Core

Network

P-CSCF

MIH

Server

29

InterDigital’s

MIH

Middleware

Converged

Device

Access

Network 1

e.g. Cellular

AP

Operator’s

IP Network

Node B

Access

Network 3

e.g. WiFi

Access

Network 2

e.g. WiMAXBS

• IMS enables Internet services like VoIP & Instant Messaging which are gaining popularity in

wireless devices

• MIH can greatly improve IMS mobility as the user moves between different radio networks

• An MIH Server can become a new Application Server (AS) in the IMS Core Network

Seamless Connectivity for IMS Services


Content

Provider

Content Aggregator

Access

Network 4

e.g. DVBBroadcast

MIH

Server

30

InterDigital’s

MIH

Middleware

Converged

Device

Access

Network 1

e.g. Cellular

AP

Operator’s

IP Network

Node B

Access

Network 3

e.g. WiFi

Access

Network 2

e.g. WiMAXBS

• Mobile TV technology is currently broadcast only and not integrated with other wireless

technologies

• MIH can greatly improve Mobile TV experience by supporting handover and integration with other

wireless technologies

Seamless Connectivity for Mobile TV


MIH

Server

31

InterDigital’s

MIH

Middleware

Converged

Device

Access

Network 1

e.g. Cellular

AP

Operator’s

IP Network

Node B

Access

Network 3

e.g. WiFi

Access

Network 2

e.g. WiMAXBS

• Cognitive radios have to share radio spectrum with other technologies

• MIH can be used for spectrum management to improve cognitive radio co-existence

Frequency Channel 3

Frequency Channel 2

Frequency Channel 1

Spectrum

Manager

Seamless Connectivity for Cognitive Radio


MIH Enabling Seamless Connectivity

– Seamless connectivity for IMS services

• IMS enables Internet services like VoIP & Instant Messaging which are gaining

popularity in wireless devices

• MIH can greatly improve IMS mobility as the user moves between different radio

networks and MIH Server can become AS in the IMS network

– Seamless connectivity for Mobile TV

• Mobile TV technology is currently broadcast only and not integrated with other

wireless technologies

• MIH can greatly improve Mobile TV experience by supporting handover and

integration with other wireless technologies

– Seamless connectivity for Cognitive Radio Co-existence

• Cognitive radios have to share radio spectrum with other technologies

• There are many parallels between mobility and spectrum management, so MIH can

be easily adapted to improve cognitive radio co-existence

32


Media Independent Handover (MIH)

Demonstrator


Demo Overview

• Purpose – Demonstrate viability and performance of IEEE 802.21 MIH

Protocol doing a SIP handover, running on a real “off-the-shelf” mobile handset and over the live 3G and WLAN networks

• Client – Slim client code optimized for touch-screen-enabled Pocket PC /

Smartphone

– 3G (UMTS) and WiFi (802.11b/g) capabilities

– Windows Mobile OS

• Server – BT MIH Server providing Information Services, where available

networks are advertised based on the Mobile’s location


MIH Demo at MWC - Network Architecture

Internet

SIP

Proxy

802.21 MIH IS

AS

Correspondent

Node

802.21 MIH

Client

Pocket PC/

Smartphone

Barcelona,

Spain

NY, USA

Ipswich,

UK

2G/3G

(local operator)

WLAN


Handover Scenarios

• Setup – MIH Client executing bi-directional, make-before-break handover of SIP data

session between the 3G and the WLAN

– MIH Server providing Information Services (IS) for available networks based on mobile node’s location

– Data streamed from remote host or Correspondent Node (CN)

• No application enhancements such as bi-cast or data buffering are being used -> handover’s worst case

• Scenario 1 - WCDMA to WLAN – Handover performed using network availability information from BT MIH

Information Server in the UK, based on UE’s location

• Scenario 2 - WLAN to WCDMA – Handover performed using WLAN signal strength as principal criterion


Goals

• Demonstrate MIH capabilities of reducing application-level interruption times from 15-20 seconds to 0-500 ms when handing over between two completely independent radio access technologies

• Demonstrate feasibility of performing handover between 3GPP and non-3GPP technologies over a live network using a SIP-based application

• Demonstrate feasibility of implementing IEEE 802.21 MIH Server as an IMS Application Server operating on a live network

• Demonstrate feasibility of developing a slim handover client that can be downloaded easily onto a mobile device as an executable


Thank you

[email protected]

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