IEEE 1902.1RUBEE

By:P13co002M.Tech 1st

Contents

• Introduction• Motivation • Physical layer• Power• Data protocol• Responder states• collision• Rubee tags• Advantage over RFID• conclusion• Reference

Introduction• It’s a wireless data communication protocol based

on IEEE 1902.1.• RuBee is proposed for high security applications

and use in harsh environment.• It uses long wave magnetic signal to send and

receive short data packets .• Similar to the IEEE 802 protocols .• But uses low frequency carrier(<450 kHz).• RuBee is networked by using on-demand, peer-to-

peer, active radiating transceivers.

MOTIVATION

Rubee Physical layer

• For modulation ASK and BPSK with phase shifts of 0 degrees or 180 is used.

• The Controller must support both modulation but the Responder may only support one.

• Bi-phase Mark Coding (BMC), Manchester Encoding technique is used for encoding.

• It can operate at other frequencies (< 450 kHz) but 131 kHz is optimal.

Power

• The IEEE 1902.1 recommends devices to have an average power of less than 10 milli-Watts (mW).

• Magnetic signals drop off 1/R3 (R distance from antenna) so will not travel nearly as far as the RF signal.

• RuBee tags have very low power consumption.• Operating over medium range (0.5 to 30 meters)

and at low data transfer speeds (300-9600 bits per second).

Data protocol

• The communications between controller devices and responder devices uses near field.

• Two kind of Protocol data unit (PDU): Request PDU and Respond PDU .

• Controller send Request PDU ,its address and command to responder.

• Responder process the command and send response PDU to controller.

• Response PDUs are less than half the length of the request PDU.

• This facilitates the use of physically smaller and less expensive batteries in responder devices

Request PDU

Response PDU

Protocol data unit

Responder states• The Controller is always

"Awake“ connected with a permanent power supply source.

• The Responder is used battery and switching between "Listening" and "Sleeping" states.

• In the "Listen" state responder tries to detect a carrier and read the command to process.

• Responder is always awake If the controller uses one-to-one request PDU.

state transitions in responder

Collision

• BMC encoding on BPSK modulation allows synchronizing the listening of the carrier on a specific Responder or Controller signal.

• The listener device have two listening channels with 90º phase difference .

• No anti-collision mechanism like CSMA/CA .• So Controllers and Responders must be

synchronized.

Network and Application Layer

• Peer-to-Peer network topology is used .• Network size is 8 (node).• RuBee tag use an 8 nibble address (32 bit) like

ip address which define tag as a unique.• AES is used for encryption.• Frame checking sequence is done on

application layer due to system simplicity .

Advantage over RFIDRubee

• RuBee is 99.99% magnetic waves so not effected by people or animals, mud or water.

• Steel can enhance a magnetic signal. Long Wavelength magnetic transmissions (below 1 MHz) is not blocked or reflected by steel so nulls do not occur.

• Magnetic signals drop off 1/R3 (R distance from antenna) so noise is also falls off 1/R3.

• Due to short range its also safe in security

RFID

• RFID work in the VHF, UHF or SHF bands with the electric field.

• In harsh environment like steel block the Radio waves and create problems like RF nulls .

• Radio signals and RFID power drops off 1/R in far field so noise is also falls off 1/R.

Rubee tag Design• A RuBee Tag has a 4 bit

CPU • It could optionally have

sensors ,displays and buttons.

• RuBee is bidirectional, on-demand, and peer-to -peer.

• It can operate at other frequencies but 131 kHz is optimal.

• The RuBee protocol uses an IP Address and unique MAC to communication with other tags and RuBee routers.

Advantage

• Long battery life: The IEEE 1902.1 recommends devices to have an average power of less than 10 milli-Watts (mW) .

• Human Safety: A RuBee base station produces only nano watts of radio energy.

• Cost effective : low frequency is used so less amount of money required for deployment .

• Less noise : magnetic signal falls off 1/R3(R distance from antena).

• Better transmission distance: RuBee antennas read all tags in a specified volumetric area, regardless of which way the tags are facing, or what is around the tag .

Disadvantage

• There is no data protection mechanism like CRC etc.

• Data range (15 m) and data rate (9.6 kb/s) is low.

• Access mode is not available like CSMA/CA.

Summary

• Rubee is used magnetic single so it can be used in harsh environment .

• RuBee has a high degree of security protection.

• Also the power consumption of RuBee is low therefore it can be used for a long time.

Reference

• Design and Application of RuBee-based Telemedicine Data Acquisition System by Xiaohua Yu*, Xiangling Xia, Xuhui Chen* in 2011.

• A Comparative Study of Short Range Wireless Sensor• Network on High Density Networks by Mahdi Zareei1*, Azar

Zarei2, Rahmat Budiarto3, Mohd. Adib Omar4 in 2011.• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RuBee• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_1902.1• http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?

tp=&arnumber=6086496• http://www.rfidjournal.com/articles/view?2436