IEE: PRC: Jiangxi Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Development ......with the "All China Ecological...

ADB

Environmental Assessment Report

Initial Environmental ExaminationDocument Stage: FinalProject Number: 42022June 2010

People's Republic of China: Jiangxi SustainableForest Ecosystem Development Project

Prepared by the Jiangxi Provincial Government for the Asian Development Bank (ADB)

This initial environmental examination report is a document of the borrower. The viewsexpressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors,Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

Asian Development Bank

Final Report


Jiangxi Sustainable Forest EcosystemDevelopment Project

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTALEXAMINATION

Prepared by:

Jiangxi Provincial Government

Supported by:

AFC Consultants International GmbH

(TA 7179-PRC)

J u,ne 2010

u

ADB TA 7179-PRC: Preparing the Jiangxi Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Development Project

Contents

ABBREVIATIONS

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. General1.2. Legal and Administrative Framework

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

2.1. Project Scope2.2. Analysis of Alternatives

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Physical and Ecological Resources

53.1.1

Location and Geography

53.1.2

River System and Hydrology

63.1.3

Ecological Environment

63.2 Human, Social and Economic Conditions

8

4. POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

9

4.1 Environmental Benefits and Positive Impacts

94.2 Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

104.2.1

Conservation of Natural Resources and Biodiversity

104.2.2 Sustainable Natural Resource Management

114.2.3

Pollution prevention

124.2.4

Infrastructure Construction

134.2.5

Health and Safety

144.2.6

Physical Cultural Resources

144.3 Due Diligence of State Forest Farms, Enterprises and Large Households 144.4 Environmental Management Plan

16

5. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN17

5.1 Institutional Arrangements5.2 Environmental Monitoring5.3 Training for Environmental Monitoring

6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE

6.1 Public Consultation6.2 Information Disclosure

7. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

8. CONCLUSIONS

ANNEXES

Annex 1:

ReferencesAnnex 2:

Environmental Management Plan

IV

2

22

3

34

5

171717

19

1920

21

22

23

2426

Jiangxi Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Development Project

III

MEASUREMENT UNITS

g = gram

ha = hectare

kg = kilogram

m = meter

m3 = cubic meter

mu = Chinese area unit, 1 mu = 1/15 ha

t = ton

kg/ha = kilogram per hectare

m3/a = cubic meters per annum

mg/1= milligram per liter

mg/m3 = milligram per cubic meter

ppm = part per million

t/a = tons per annum

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

(As of 1 August 2009)

Currency Unit -- Yuan (CNY)CNY 1.00 = $0.1464

$1.00 = CNY 6.840

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB


CEPB

County Environmental Protection Bureau

DDR

Due Diligence Report

EA

Executing agency

EIA

Environmental impact assessment

EMP

Environmental management plan

EMA

Environmental Monitoring Arrangement

EMU

Environmental Monitoring Unit

EPB

Environmental protection bureau

FYP

Five-Year Plan

GRM

Grievance Redress Mechanism

IA

Implementing agency

IEE

Initial environmental examination

IPM

Integrated pest management

IV


PIO

Project Implementation Office county level

PLG

Provincial Leading Group

PMO

Provincial Project Management Office

PPTA

Project preparatory technical assistance

PRC

People's Republic of China

SEIA

Summary environmental impact assessment

SEPM

State Environmental Protection Ministry

SFA

State Forestry Administration

TA

Technical assistance

TIO

Technical Assistance Implementation Office

TMO

Technical Assistance Management Office

TSP

Total Suspended Particulates

WHO

World Health Organization

Note

In the report, "$" refers to US dollars, and CNY refers to Chinese Yuan


V

Location Map of project counties (Jiangxi Province)


1

1.

INTRODUCTION

1.1. General

1. The Jiangxi Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Development Project (the Project) willdevelop new forest resources and contribute to the rehabilitation of forest resourcesdamaged from the snowstorms in early 2008 through adoption of innovative andenvironmentally sound practices to meet requirements of social and economic developmentas well as sustainable forest development. These practices will emphasize economicviability, environmental friendliness.

2. Jiangxi Province Government (JPG) is requesting the assistance of the AsianDevelopment Bank (ADB) to realize its forest development objectives in the "11 th Five-YearPlan" (FYP) and "Medium- and Long-term Development Plan" (MLTDP) and to rehabilitateforests damaged in the snowstorms of early 2008. The project will serve as a pilot ordemonstration for further forestry production activities in Jiangxi and other similar provincesin the southern People's Republic of China (PRC), and at the same time this is consistentwith the "All China Ecological Environment Development Plan" (EEDP) issued by the StateCouncil in January of 1999.

1.2. Legal and Administrative Framework

3. In accordance with the PRC Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations, anEIA report was drafted out for the proposed Project by the Jiangxi Academy of AgricultureScience (JAAS) accredited with Class II EIA certification and sponsored by the UtilizingForeign Funds Office of Jiangxi Forestry Department (FD). A first draft of the EIA report wascompleted in August 2009, revised based on comments from PPTA and then submitted tothe Jiangxi Environment Protection Department (JEPD) for appraisal. JEPD approved theEIA report in January 2010.

4. The ADB classified the Project as Category B. This Initial Environmental Examination(IEE) was prepared in accordance with Environmental Policy (2002) and the SafeguardPolicy Statement (2009) of the ADB. The title of the project "Jiangxi Sustainable ForestEcosystem Development Project" speaks for itself. It indicates the turn from the traditional"afforestation" or "tree planting" to forest ecosystems development. It is based on amultifunctional forest management approach and emphasizes the links between sustainableforest development and management practices and the conservation and improvementnatural ecosystem functions. The provisions to avoid negative environmental impacts are notseen as additional measures but integrated part of the project design. The IEE emphasizethe difference to the so far prevailing procedures and give indications for the efficientmonitoring of the mitigation activities.

5. The IEE is based on the EIA report for the Jiangxi Project combined with field visitsand interviewing different stakeholders and includes an environmental management plan(EMP) and environmental monitoring arrangement (EMA). The EMP outlines the mitigationmeasures and institutional responsibilities; the EMA stipulates monitoring baselines,monitoring content, methods, frequency and duration.


2

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

2.1. Project Scope

6. The proposed project will contribute to an increase in forest coverage, improve qualityand function of existing forest stands and promote sustainable development of the forestecosystem and biodiversity conservation in the project areas. The project include fourcomponents (i) sustainable forest plantation and rehabilitation in a total of about 50,000hectare (ha) of forestland, (ii) forest insurance against natural risks, (iii) capacitydevelopment for sustainable forest management, and (iv) project management support.

7. Component 1 will develop about 35,700 ha of timber plantation in degraded forest-land to meet local demand for fibre, pulp, plywood, and construction materials. Major timberspecies include Chinese fir and slash pine. Broadleaf trees will be planted in fire protectionbelts to improve the ecological diversity and multiple function of the timber plantation. Planta-tion sites will be selected based on vegetation cover being lower than 40%, canopy closurebeing less than 0.3. Component I will also rehabilitate 11,200 ha of low-yield and snowstorm damaged bamboo forests, with financing support to forest farmers in removing deadculms and ploughing soil. The project will encourage farmers to plant broadleaf species inmix with bamboo groves to protect them from climate disasters, and against pest and dis-ease. The component will also support farmers in establishing about 4,000 ha of economictree crops, including orange, oil tea trees, and tea trees to improve productivity of the projectland and rural households' income.

8. Component 2 will insure 35,700 ha of timber plantation to improve the risk resilienceof forest farmers and forest enterprises, and to support the government's initiative in estab-lishing a safeguard system in the forestry sector. The component will also organize aware-ness-raising training workshops on the impacts of natural risks on forest development andtheir mitigation measures. A local private insurance company will support the workshops byproviding resource persons to the awareness-raising training.

9. Component 3 will introduce an ecosystem management approach to the develop-ment and management of forest resources that requires changes in farmers' behavior, andadaptation of new plantation skills and techniques. Component 3 will implement a trainingand extension program to disseminate sustainable forest management concepts and corre-sponding technical silvicultural guidelines to project staff at the provincial, county, and town-ship levels and to project beneficiaries. Component 3 will also support environmental moni-toring actvities and related training, which is part of the project performance monitoring pro-gram.

10. Component 4 will establish an adequate project organization at the three levels offorest administration: province, county, and township. Training will be provided to enable thestaff of the project management office (PMO), project implementation offices (PlOs), and thecorresponding forest administration units to manage the project, and to support the benefici-aries in the implementation of the afforestation tasks.

11. It is expected that through the implementation of the project the forest administrationstaff, forest managers, and farmers will gain the knowledge and skills necessary forsustainable forest ecosystem management through domestic training, study tours in Chinaand abroad, and consulting with experts.

12. The Project will be implemented over a period of 6 years from 2010-2015. 19.

Thegovernment has requested a loan of $42 million from ADB's ordinary capital resources tofinance the project, mainly for forest plantation and rehabilitation, and financing chargesduring implementation. The government will provide counterpart funds of $11.4 millionequivalent for plantation, forest insurance, capacity development, and project managementsupport; and the project beneficiaries will provide $9.1 million equivalent for labor and

3


contingencies. The loan will have a 26-year term, including a grace period of 6 years; anannual interest rate determined in accordance with ADB's London interbank offered rate(LIBOR)-based lending facility; a commitment charge of 0.15% per year; the interest andother charges during construction, as applicable, to be capitalized in the loan; and suchother terms and conditions set forth in the draft loan and project agreements. Table 2 showsthe tentative financing plan for the project.

2.2. Analysis of Alternatives

13. The no-project alternative would result in serious environmental risks. The highpercentage of underutilized and poorly managed forest lands in the province is not only awaste of land resources; but also causes serious environmental problems such a soilerosion, siltation, and flooding. Experience shows that poorly managed forests are subject tonatural disasters such as the massive snow storm of January 2008. Until June 2009, onlyless than 30% of the damaged forests were cleared and restored, which aggravates thealready existing problem of poorly stocked and underutilized forest land and the relatedenvironmental hazards.


4

3.

DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Physical and Ecological Resources

3.1.1 Location and Geography

14. Jiangxi Province is located in the south east of the PRC, and situated south of thelower reach of the Yangtze River. It is linked to Zhejiang and Fujian Province in the east, toGuangdong province in the south, to Hunan Province in the west, and to Hubei and AnhuiProvinces in the North.

15. The territory of Jiangxi province is almost rectangular in shape, the length from Northto South is 620 km, and the width from west to east is 490 km. The total area is 166,947km2, 1.74% of the total area in China, with an estimated population of 44 million (2008).Except for the northern plain, it is encircled by Mu ridge, Wuyi ridge, Huaiyu ridge, Jiulianridge and Jiuling ridge in the east, west and south sides. Hills are dominant in the centralarea. The whole landscape is tilted from west, east and south to the Poyang Lake wherethere is a huge basin and outlet in the north.

16. Jiangxi is a mountainous province, and possesses a variety of land types. Themountains span an area 60,101 km 2, 36% of the total area; the hill area is 70,117 km2 or42% of the total area; plains and hillside fields make up 20,022 km 2, share 12%; and watersurfaces comprise 16,667 km2, share 10%. In addition to the land types mentioned above,there are other special landforms such as Karsts, Danxias and glacier landforms. Generalland forms could be categorized as 9 types:

• Low-middle mountain and hill regions in the North West. The area is about 35,000km2. It is a grain and cash-crop production area in the lower altitudes and in the higheraltitudes the area is suitable to develop forestry. Lushan, the famous tourism site, islocated in this region.

• Alluvial plains surround the Poyang Lake region. The alluvial plains were formed byalluvial and silted earth, covering 15,000 km 2, surrounded by low and gentle hills.

▪ Low to middle mountains and hill regions lie in the North East. The area covers 25,200km2 and is traversed by the Huaiyu Ridge characterized by a high mountain in themiddle with undulated hills or basins on both sides. It is suitable for developing cashtrees. Wuyuan tea, a world famous tea, is produced in this area.

• The middle reaches are formed by the valley terraces of the Gan and Fu rivers and thehilly region. The area covers about 21,900 km 2. Different landforms, such as riverterraces, hills and basins crisscross each other with gentle slopes. Due to a distributionof bare or underutilized mountain sides, there is a great potential for developingagriculture and forestry.

• Western low-middle mountain regions. The region covers about 10,400 km2 and ischaracterized by steep peaks, deep valleys and torrential rivers. It has nourishedplenty of forests and water resources.

• The central-southern is an area of low mountains and hill regions. The region iscovering 59,400 km2 and is comprised of low mountains, hills and basins composed ofred rock and granite and formulating very special and strange Dianxia landforms. Nearthese special landforms, water and soil erosion is very serious. Recovering thevegetation and controlling the water and soil erosion in this region requires urgentaction.

23. The climate in Jiangxi is subtropical, as indicated by average annual temperatures of16.2 - 19.7°C (Jan. 3-9°C / July 27-31°C). It is characterized by having four seasons withmoderately cold winters (extremes of -18.9°C), hot summers (maximum of 44.9°C), warmsprings, and dry autumns.

18. Meanwhile, the spring and autumn are very short, and summer and winter are lengthy.

5


The annual average frostless period is 240-300 days. Generally, snow is rare; only a fewyears offer inclement weather. In early 2008, Jiangxi had suffered from severe snow storm,causing great losses in the forest areas.

19. Jiangxi boasts a rich rainfall and average annual precipitation of 1635 mm, with anannual maximum of 2142.4 mm (in 1975), and a minimum of 1143.2 mm (in 1963). Itsdistribution is uneven during the year, with a peak in the transition period from spring tosummer (4th-6th months) with plentiful rains and intermittent drizzles; average rainfall duringthe three month period reaches about 800 mm, accounting for 45-50% of the total per year.

20. In Jiangxi Province, the total water and. soil erosion area is about 33472 km 2 ,accounting for 20% of the total land area. Generally speaking, slopes of 5 - 10 degrees(depending on the soil type) without dense and deep root vegetation cover are prone to soilerosion depending on the climate, landforms, soil type and makeup. Wherever forestsdisappear or are poorly managed, soil erosion is a critical issue. For example, Poyang Lakeis the biggest fresh water lake in Jiangxi province, but because of the sedimentation fromhigher areas, storage capacity has been decreasing and the water level is becoming higherand higher.

21. Soil types in forest areas include red loam, mountainous yellow and red loam,mountainous yellow loam and mountainous yellow and brown loam and are 40 - 100 cmthick, characterized by acidity. The top soil layer is between 8 - 12 cm soil humus andgenerally suitable to forest development and growth.

3.1.2 River System and Hydrology

22. Within the boundary of the province, there are 3,700 rivers (with a total watershed ofmore than 10 km 2) and 451 rivers (with a watershed area of more than 100 km 2) The 5biggest rivers are Gan River, Fu River, Xin River, Xiu River, and Rao River, all of which flowinto Poyang Lake, which then flows into the Yangtze River through the northern end of thelake. The Poyang Lake includes 162,225 km2 watersheds, 156,977 km2 of which are locatedwithin the Jiangxi province and take up 94% of the provincial area.

23. Underground water reservoirs in Jiangxi province total 38.2 billions m3, taking up 24%of the overall provincial water resources. Based on the watershed and water system, theunderground water reservoirs are generally distributed more in mountainous and hilly areasthan in the plains, more in upper reaches, and more around branch rivers than mainstreamones.

24. Ground water quality was monitored in 2006 for the 8 main rivers in the province,which were mostly identified as class I-III, taking up 85.3% in total river horizontal section, ofwhich class II accounts for 67.0%. River horizontal section with worse than class IIIrepresents 14.7%.

3.1.3 Ecological Environment

3.1.3.1 Forest Land and Resources

25. Total forest area within the project domain is 2.71 million ha, accounting for 72% of thetotal land within the project domain; 2.1 million ha are afforested land, accounting for 78 % ofthe forest land. Partially afforested land of 47 thousand ha is roughly 2.0% of the forestedarea; bush forest is 0.35 million ha, about 12% of the forest; newly planted land of 50thousand ha accounts for 2.2% of the forest. Treeless forest land of 34 thousand ha takes up1.5%of the forest. In addition, 530 ha is forest nursery and 165 ha is auxiliary land for forestproduction. Forest coverage rate in total is 72.5%.

6


26. Arborous forest in the project area is 1.33 million ha with 67.78 million m3 in stockvolume. Based on the origin, the forest could be divided as 0.42 million ha plantation with23.73 million m3 stock volume and 0.91 million ha natural forest with 34.96 million m3 stockvolume. Based on the structure, the forest could be categorized as 1 million ha monocultureforest with 43.46 million m3 stock volume and 0.33 million ha mixed forest with 15.15 millionm3 stock volume. Based on the age, the forest could be divided into 0.52 million ha youngforest with 12.97 million m3 stock volume, 0.59 million ha medium age forest with 28.26million m3 stock volume, 0.14 million ha close to matured forest with 9.22 million m3 stockvolume, 70 thousand ha matured forest with 6.48 million m3 stock volume and 10 thousandha over-matured forest with 1.69 million m3 stock volume.

27. In January 2008, damage caused by continuous low temperatures and snowstormsaffected 53.5 million mu of forest (3.6 million ha) including bamboo (11.09 million mu), slashpine (7.99 million mu), oil camellia (3.05 million mu), Chinese fir (13.06 million mu), Massonpine (8.27 million mu) and other forest (10.04 million mu), which resulted in an economicloss of 11.26 billion CNY, and 4 million mu requiring re-afforestation.

3.1.3.2 Plant Resources and Vegetation Types

28. In Jiangxi province, there are more than 4,000 species living, including 470 species offerns (pteridophyte), 100 species of liverwort (bryophyte), more than 500 varieties of largefungi, and 100 or so varieties of edible fungi. Plants from every evolutionary stage can befound, which means that the sub-tropical area which includes Jiangxi province is one of theorigins of modern flora.

29. The vegetation of the province can be divided into 12 categories. They are: timberincluding bamboo, pine, fir, etc; fuel plants including Sim's azalea; food plants includingdifferent oaks and evergreen Chinkapins; wild edible fruits including hawthorne trees, wildpersimmons, kiwis; wild vegetables and wild fodder plants including many different herbsand grasses; and fragrant plants, Chinese medicine plants, and those for tanning, fiber, oil,and ornamental uses, and those useful in purifying and monitoring the environment.

30. Typical vegetation types consist of evergreen broadleaf forest, coniferous forest,coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest, evergreen and deciduous broadleaf mixed forest,deciduous broadleaf forest, coppice forest on mountain tops and bamboo forest. Othervegetation types include bush and grass on bare mountain slopes, sandy vegetation, andgrassy marshland vegetation. It is worth pointing out that bush and grass on the mountainslopes are a result of human activities, which have caused damage to the local ecosystemand crowded out existing vegetation.

31. Rare and endangered plants in the province include 110 species unique in PRC, 60species unique in the subtropical zone and 16 species unique to Jiangxi province. Inaddition, the province is home to many ancient trees, with approximately 40 speciesbelonging to 13 families, distributed on 95 sites.

3.1.3.3 Wild Animal Resources

32. Jiangxi province has vast surface water and many water bodies, steep and imposingmountains, and a high vegetation coverage rate offering abundant food, which contribute tothe area being a favorite habitat for wild animals and regularly strengthened protectionmeasures. There are over 600 kinds of vertebrates, including more than 170 varieties of fish,accounting for 21.4% of the fresh water fish in PRC; 40 varieties of amphibians, roughlyaccounting for 20.4% of those in PRC; 70 types of reptiles (23.5% of PRC's total); 270 kindsof birds, 23.2% of those in PRC; and 50 varieties of mammals, 13.3% of PRC's.

7


3.2 Human, Social and Economic Conditions

33. The total population in the province is 43 million, comprised of 11.9 million urbanresidents (27.67%) and 31.10 million in rural areas (72.33%). 7.23% more people resided inurban areas in the most recent census compared with the previous one.

34. The project operation sites are scattered throughout 23 counties (forest farms) in 8municipalities. The project area covers 326 townships (forest farms). The total population inselected project counties is 6.487 million (1.804 million households), accounting for 15% ofthe total Jiangxi population. Rural population is 4.891 million in the project area, accountingfor 75.4% of the total. In addition, ethnic minorities account for 56 thousand or 0.8% of thepopulation in the project area. The total labor force of 3.4 million, approximately 40% ofwhich are women.

35. The selected project counties cover 3.36 million ha, cultivated farming land of which is0.36 million ha, 10.7% of the project county land, with a per capita of 1 mu for the ruralpopulation in the project area. Total annual output of grain within the project area is 5.47million tons, a per capita total of 843 kg. The average income per capita (rural) is 3,084CNY, lowest in Guangchang county (1,614 CNY) and highest in Anyuan district (6,788CNY).

36. Economic development in the province is rapidly accelerating. It was announced by theJiangxi Statistics Bureau that the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in FY2008 was 648.03billion CNY, a 12.6% increase over 2007 and the sixth straight year with an increase over12%. Financial income also increased very fast; annual financial income in 2008 reached81.68 billion CNY 22.8% more than the previous year and the sixth straight year with agreater than 20% improvement. GDP in the selected project counties was 6.445692 billionCNY and the forest output value was 461.301 million CNY.

37. Highways accessible by motors include 62,300 km of roadway (2007), with a highwaydensity of 37.4 km/100 km2 and 86% of villages offering motor access. Besides highways,waterways of more than 5,638 km are also convenient. The complete and convenienttransportation system offers a good foundation for project implementation.

38. Since 2004, the provincial government has carried out collective forest tenure reform.By the end of 2007, management rights of 134.4753 million mu of forest have been allocatedto 6.9156 million households, averaging 19 mu per household in rural areas. In order toencourage proper management, complementary policies including ecological compensation,forest resource transfer changes, logging policy adjustments and mortgage loans have beenissued, which has thoroughly altered farmer attitudes towards forestry activities. At present,farmers are quite enthusiastic to participate in forest construction. But the forest farmers lackof skills and must be trained in soil preparation, planting, tending, and pest control etc. toachieve the anticipated environmental and economic impact.


8

4. POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

39. The project will establish or improve forest ecosystems over a large geographical areaand is expected to have complex and long-term positive environmental impacts. The IEEfocus on demonstrating how the design of the project (a) establishes clear and appropriategoals, objectives and principles for management activities, (b) ensures that the managementactivities are as consistent as possible with ecological processes and "mimic" naturalecological structures and processes to increase their stability and resilience, (c) limits sitedisturbance and soil degradation, (d) minimizes environmental contamination, and (e)establishes well-conceived environmental monitoring programs.

4.1 Environmental Benefits and Positive Impacts

40. According to the design of the project, the plantation sites have to be selected basedon vegetation cover being lower than 40%, canopy closure being less than 0.3 including,clear cutt land, low quality bush land, bare mountainous and slope regions as well asbamboo and other types of forests seriously affected by snowstorms which are located at thefirst and second ridge of the main rivers. These sites are vulnerable to water and soilerosion, pest infection and forest fire. Through biological measures (reforestation ofmultifunctional forest, improvement of bamboo forests affected by snowstorms), the projectintervention will contribute to water and soil conservation, improve stand quality, and convertbare mountain and slope into ecological stable forest stands.

41. Local species by natural selection and succession are most suitable for local climatesand natural conditions and key elements to develop stable forest ecosystem which fulfillmultifunctional roles. The planting materials selected by the project include Chinese fir, slashpine (or loblolly pine), native broadleaf species, oil camellia, orange and tea, which havebeen cultivated for many generations and are adapted to the specific site conditions.

42. The increase of forest coverage rates will have a positive impact on the local ecologicalenvironment. Project implementation will reduce land surface runoff through tree canopiesand trunks, thus preventing flood, extension of the water flow period and increasedpermeation, improvement of water quality and adjustment of water supply downstream. Astrees grow, the ability to fix CO2 and maintain air balance, minimizing dust and pollutants, willbe greatly enhanced. Soil stability and fertility after project implementation will be improvedby humus accumulation under canopy and top soil. Environmental improvements will offerfavorable living conditions for soil micro organisms. Furthermore, the biodiversity of the areawill be improved. Detailed environmental benefits are listed as the following:

• Forest coverage rate in project area will increased by 1.2%.

• An annual 100,000 tons of soil erosion will be effectively reduced (annual soilerosion reduction 2 tons/ha according standards of the Soil & WaterConservation Department)).

• Annual water conservation 19 million m3 will be achieved (annual waterconservation 377 tons/ha according standards of the Soil & Water ConservationDepartment).

• Annual carbon sequestration 150,000 tons (based on the calculation of annualcarbon sequestration 3 tons/ha).

• Annual oxygen production 150,000 tons (based on the calculation of annualoxygen production at 3 tons/ha).

• Mixed forest plantations (a proportion of 60% conifer and 40% broadleaf treesmixed in patches or strips) will further improve the structure of forest stands to

9


enhance resistance to pests and fire, increase biodiversity and water and soilconservation, thus to reduce pesticide application for pest control, forest firedamage and soil erosion.

• According to experiences from previous pest outbreaks, damage of forests frompernicious biological creatures will reach its peak 2-3 years after sufferingmassive damage, such as through a snowstorm, and if damaged trees cannot beremoved from the stand in time, the affected stands will become bases forexplosive occurrences of pests. Therefore, project implementation in snowstorm-affected sites will decrease the possibility of pest outbreaks.

• Reduced use of chemical fertilizers and increased use of compound and organicfertilizers or manure and compost on over 50,000 ha.

• Incremental increases of biodiversity in bare mountain and slope ecosystems willbe correspond to improved habitat conditions for a wide variety of flora andfauna.

• Households and enterprises with forest management tenure will strictly follow theenvironmental policies and regulations both from the Chinese government andthe ADB. Through project implementation practices, different stakeholders willreinforce environmental protection awareness and will have a sound foundationfor future forest activities.

4.2 Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

4.2.1 Conservation of Natural Resources and Biodiversity

43. Plantation site selection. Plantation site selection will be one of the most importantsteps for project preparation. If the site selection is wrong, project activities will triggeradverse impacts on the local environment and cultural heritage. If planting land is selected athigher levels of bushes or scarcely afforested land in drought areas this would bedetrimental to regional biodiversity and integrity. In the case of slope degree with more than35 degrees, serious water and soil erosion could occur. Distribution of planting land is notonly affects the efficiency of mixed forests but also the habitat of wildlife and the landscapeof nature reserves.

44. Adverse impacts of site selection will be mitigated through:

(i) Land with more than a 35 degree slope could not be selected as projectplantation sites to avoid water and soil erosion.

(ii) Planting sites must be selected on the principle of forest classificationmanagement and strictly exclude valuable natural forests and communityforests and protecting habitats of rare and endangered plants and ecosystems.

(iii) Site selection must keep the passageway of wild animals and the originalvegetation between the nearby planting patches.

(iv) The planting sites must keep away from nature reserves, cultural heritage andnatural heritage sites by 1000 m, public benefit forest by 100 m, main rivers by50 m and branch rivers by 20 m.

(v) On the planting sites existing natural regeneration must be preserved andintegrated in the reforestation or rehabilitation schemes.


10

45. Planting material selection. Planting material selection needs to be raised fromseeds originating from provincial proveniences and match well to the local site conditions.The species mixture has to respect the individual growth characteristics and to be geared togenerate synergies in the vegetation cover and improvement of soil quality.

46. The following mitigation measures must be used:

(i) Planting material selections have to focus on tree species suitable for siteconditions and prevent unreasonable species selection from resulting in slowgrowth, less water and soil conservation and pest or disease outbreaks.

(ii) Selecting local species as planting materials, since natural selection andsuccession are most suitable for local climates and natural conditions.

(iii) Seedling quarantine is critical to future forest growth. It is imperative to avoidbuying planting material susceptible to pests, instead of purchasing plantingmaterial from strong and excellent seed origin or seeds cloned with pestresistant features.

(iv) Single species or clone monoculture will be forbidden in timber forest.Economic tree plantations will use different varieties or clones (5-7 clones). Thearea of each clone should be within 10 ha and intercropped with srubs or shortcrops to build up a diversified ground cover and fix the soil.

47. Impacts on Biodiversity and Protected Species. No impacts on nature reserves orprotected species were identified. It is expected that the project will have a positive effect onbiodiversity if correct forestry management practices are applied. Construction activities willbe halted and preventive action will be taken if impacts on protected species is discoveredduring implementation.

4.2.2 Sustainable Natural Resource Management

48. Clearing planting sites. Clearing planting sites may cause permanent or temporaldisturbances or damage original vegetation and incur water and soil erosion, increaserainfall runoff and soil nutrient loss, break animal passageways and create potential forestfire hazards in a wide area.

49. Measures to mitigate adverse impacts of clearing planting sites include the following:

(i) Strict prohibition to burning out vegetation and residual bushes and grasseswhen clearing planting sites, based on the "water and soil conservation law"and "forest fire prevention and control regulation".

(ii) Only cutting grasses or bushes which are obstacle to planting activities and treegrowth in patches or strip shape and pilling them up between planting rows orholes to allow them to naturally decay.

(iii) When clearing planting sites in patches or strips on land with slopes of morethan 15 (to 25) degrees, every 30 m clearance cutting should skip a 3 mcontour strip to allow for the original vegetation.

(iv) Where the land slopes are more than 25 degrees, cutting bushes and grassesmust be done in narrow strips and keep original vegetation between plantingrows.

(v) Vegetation including bushes and grasses on steep slopes, tops of slopes, gullybottoms and bank of rivers cannot be cut.

(vi) Natural broadleaf trees must be kept when preparing planting sites so as todevelop coniferous with evergreen or deciduous broadleaf mixed forests.


11

50. Soil preparation, planting and tending. Soil preparation, planting and tendingpurposefully disturb existing vegetation and soil surfaces in order to create a favorableenvironment for the growth of the new plants. However, these activities can easily causenew water and soil erosion and furthermore affect the surroundings of the project area.Establishment of multifunctional timber forests, economic forest and improvement of bambooforests will be implemented on different site conditions. Based on the different slope degree,soil quality and the objectives of forest development, different measures should be taken toreduce adverse impact.

51. Measures to mitigate adverse impacts must include the following:

(i) Based on the type of site condition, different soil preparation methods will betaken including pit, strip, anti-slope etc.

(ii) Slope land of more than 35 degrees is not allowed to be reclaimed. Slope landof lower than 15 degrees and gentle land could be completely reclaimed butvegetation belt and water and soil conservation measures must be set up.

(iii) All reclaimed soil preparation will not be large scale; strip preparation will beconducted along contour lines; pit soil preparation will follow contour linesarranged in a triangle shape (Pingzi).

(iv) Regardless of strip or pit preparation, they must be anti-slope or internallyinclined to conserve water and soil.

(v) Soil preparation and planting must be conducted one month ahead of the rainyseason and covered by cut grasses or bush branches to avoid wind or watererosion.

(vi) Area with serious water and soil erosion due to soil, climate, rainfall andlandform conditions should use anti-slope terrace preparation regardless ofslope angle; at the same time, biological and engineering measures should betaken to prevent soil and water erosion.

(vii) During planting, surface soil including humus must be fill planting holes, tampeddown and covered by grass, bushes or stones.

(viii) Young forest tending requires enlarged planting pits and loosening of the soil.The rule is to keep as much vegetation as possible and at the same timeleaving cut grass on the planting hole or under the canopy to conserve waterand soil and increase soil fertility.

4.2.3 Pollution prevention

52. Fertilizer. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers, inappropriate application methods andwrong proportions result in the seepage of chemicals into underground aquifers as well asloss through surface runoff and rain water discharge. Excessive and continuous applicationof chemical fertilizers over a long duration will change physical and chemical features of thesoil and result in soil hardening and damage, and deteriorate soil quality and reduceproductivity. In addition, excessive and inappropriate application of fertilizers will affect thequality of nearby water bodies.

53. Measures to mitigate adverse impacts of chemical fertilizers include:

(i) Advocate the use of organic fertilizers, compounds and compost as basefertilizers to reduce nutrient loss.

(ii) Intercropping legume crops (fixed nitrogen crops) helps not only in reducingchemical fertilizer use, but also in reducing the cost of chemical fertilizers.


12

(iii) Apply compound fertilizers including nitrogen, phosphate and potassiumaccording to soil nutrient tests based on the requirements of tree growth.

(iv) Application of inorganic fertilizers must abide by guidelines, including strictlyforbidding spraying of chemical fertilizers to prevent fertility loss andcontamination of nearby water bodies.

54. Pesticides and herbicides. During the application of pesticides, most of the pesticidewill fall on the surface of the ground directly. The pesticide adhering to the surface of treeleaves and trunks will partially fall onto the ground due to rain and wind. Some pesticideapplication methods such as seed soaking and seed dressing will also put pesticides directlyinto the soil. Use of chemical pesticides can result in severe soil pollution incurred fromresidual pesticides, contamination of the food chain and even enter affect humans and wildanimals. Increased amount of residues in water threaten the water quality the area andthose downstream. The application of herbicides also results in the accumulation of toxicchemicals in the soil and causes similar problems as pesticides.

55. Measures to mitigate pesticide and herbicide pollution include:

(i) Select tree species which have the capacity to resist pests and diseases.

(ii) Quarantine seeds and seedlings before plowing and planting to preventdissemination of any pests or diseases.

(iii) Enhance tree species' resistance against pests and diseases throughcultivation techniques including the use of multiple varieties and strongseedlings, tending, and management.

(iii) In case of a pest/disease breakout, physical control methods must be applied,including removal of sick plants, artificial capture, and trapping to reduce orremove problems.

(iv) Use mineral agents, biological agents of low toxicity and high efficiency; do notuse pesticides that are forbidden or restricted by WHO and limit use topreferred pesticides only.

(v) Herbicides are commonly used by nurseries and tending during first three yearsafter planting. Selection of herbicides will follow the guidelines on applicationand physical and chemical features of the herbicide. Application of herbicides isaffected by many different factors including dose types, soil microorganisms,soil condition, climate, time, etc.

(vi) Provide training to relevant technicians and operators about proper pesticideand herbicide application techniques and procedures including time, weathereffects, and appropriate methods.

(vii) Adopt pollution-free cultivation techniques which are being carried out in manyfruit gardens currently.

4.2.4 Infrastructure Construction

56. Forest path construction. Forest paths will be built based on the calculation of 90m/ha and with a width of 1-1.5 m in newly planted forest land. The construction can destroya vegetation strip and digging trail base can loosen soil and generate a slope which cancause water and soil erosion.


13

57. The following mitigation measures need to be taken:

(i) Utilization of present trails combined with village trails and fire control trails toreduce disturbance of surface soil.

(ii) Direction of forest trail will be carefully designed and places for construction,earthworks and digging selected correctly to reduce vegetation disturbance asmuch as possible. After trails have been built, the vegetation will beimmediately rehabilitated.

(iii) During trail construction, deeper ditches can minimize disturbed soil.

(iv) Excavating simultaneously with construction and refraining from excavatinglong distances at once but conducting construction over time.

(v) After construction is complete, it is important to level the ground, fill in any openpits or ditches and remove excess soil as soon as possible to assist inrecovering vegetation and avoiding long-term bare land.

4.2.5 Health and Safety

58. Transportation. Transportation will be required for planting materials, constructionmaterials and fertilizer. During transportation of above mentioned materials, they will passthrough residential areas and produce dust and noise, impacting local people and theenvironment. To mitigate adverse impacts transport will not be dons during night and earlymorning hours, at sensible points water will be sprayed to rescue dust during transportation,and overloading of trucks is strictly forbidden.

59. Healthy working environment. The application of chemical fertilizers and pesticidesin the plantation sites and nurseries will be drastically reduced. However in case ofemergency it would be inevitable. The workers will be instructed about the health hazards,provided with appropriate equipment to minimize risks, and receive training to use andcomply with health and safety procedures and protective equipment.

60. Community Health and Safety. During the implementation of the project ampleattention will be given to avoid exposure to both accidental and natural hazards, especiallywhere the failure could result in injury to the community. The EA will avoid or minimize theexacerbation of impacts caused by natural hazards, such as landslides or floods, that couldresult from project activities. The EA will inform affected communities of significant potentialhazards in a culturally appropriate manner and where necessary prepare to respond toaccidental and emergency situations.

4.2.6 Physical Cultural Resources

61. Project implementation site selection is following regulations of Chinese nationalenvironmental policies and ADB environmental policies. The selected sites are away fromnature reserves, historical heritages and drinking water origins.

4.3 Due Diligence of State Forest Farms, Enterprises and Large Households

62. The project implementation bodies include state forest farms, enterprises, bighouseholds and individual households. During field visits, an environmental due diligence ofrelevant implementation bodies has been conducted to assess the environmentalperformance and practices. 10 representatives from state forest farms, enterprises and bighouseholds have been interviewed. The interview mainly focused on the knowledge of


14

environmental policies and, through their explanation for procedures and methods ofdifferent operation phases, to compare consistency with environment protectionrequirements. The 10 representatives were comprised of 5 directors and vice directors offorest farms, 3 bosses of big households and 2 managers of enterprise. Through theinterview of 10 different stakeholders combined with observations in the field, the followingconclusions will have been reached.

63. The assessment has shown that the performance of the executing units (forest farms.forest enterprises, big households) can basically meet national environmental policies andADB's environmental safeguard requirements. Logging quota was applied by each forestfarm or enterprise annually (subject to county forest bureau's approval) or per five years(subject to Jiangxi Forest Department approval) based on the result of forest inventory eachfive years. The logging quota include timber harvesting form clear cutting, thinning and otheroccasions such as forest road construction or removal of forest fires damages. Theinterviewed forest mangers confirmed that over-logging has not yet happened and theapproved plan was strictly followed.

64. The state forest farms, enterprises and big households are eager to expand theplantation area and cooperate with local individual households who have forest landmanagement rights due to collective forest tenure reform. Cooperated forest land hasaccounted for more than 50% compared with their own forest management land.Cooperative methods are basically the same for forest farms, enterprise or big householdswho manage and maintain freely forested land from individual households. The farms,enterprise and big households will be responsible for plantation, tending and maintenance,pest and disease control and forest fire prevention. Income from thinning and harvest,except for cutting costs will be divided into 30% to 70% respectively for land owner andmanagement units. This kind of cooperation will benefit both land owners and managementunits and overcome shortages of technology and capital for individual households and exertscale benefits of forest in ecology, society and marketing.

65. Clearing bushes and grasses before soil preparation is a key issue for the interviewpartners. 8 of the 10 interviewees mentioned that burning bushes and grasses is anessential step for developing excellent forest stands. Otherwise the cut of residual bushesand grasses will influence the operation of planting activities and impair seedling growth.After their opinion burning can be applied if burning of residuals is done in the right seasonafter piling the residuals together and taking provisions to avoid a breakout of fire andemploying forest fire extinguishers if necessary. However, they ignore the biodiversitydamage and water and soil erosion that occurs from this process. Although burning residualsis not prohibited by law, the provincial government has issued regulations to ban burning theresiduals of forest and agricultural activities.

66. Tree species selection has been discussed with 10 different stakeholders, especiallythe percentage of conifer and broadleaf. All stakeholders agree that mixed forest(approximately 40% broadleaf) will benefit pest and disease control, prevention of forest firesand soil fertility. They prefer mixed patches instead of planting broadleaf trees in row ornarrow strips. The broadleaf trees should be planted along mountain ridges as fire breaks.The promoted mixed forests in forest farms and enterprises are comprised of Chinese fir,slash pine and loblolly pine mixed with shima, sweet gum and fortune Chinabells.

67. Based on the introductions from interviewees, pest and disease outbreaks have notappeared on a large scale in recent years due to precautions taken, such as spraying thebiological agent Fungi Imperficti each year. But some pest and diseases can still be found,such as Dioryctria splendidella Dendrolimus punctatus WIK and Ceracris Kiangsu Tsai.According to their experiences in pest and disease control, they select pesticide with lowtoxicities and high effects instead of using pesticides listed as first and second types in classI by the World Health Organization (WHO).

68. Herbicide application is common in nurseries and partially in tending practices. It could15


be confirmed that herbicide use has not hurt the targeted cultivation seedlings andsamplings. It was reported that applicants could follow application instructions.

69. The general impression from the interviews is that state forest farms and enterprisesknow more about environmental protection policies than big households that are involved inthe plantation activities. In addition, forest farms and enterprises have mastered moretechnologies in forest cultivation and environmental protection. In the future, big householdsor individual households should get more training opportunities in forest cultivationtechnologies, environmental protection and forest management.

70. From the above discussion, it is concluded that in the process of projectimplementation, special attention should be paid to burning residuals of cut bushes andgrasses before soil preparation. Especially during the planting season, supervising andmonitoring must be enforced. Further detailed findings and analysis about due diligence canbe found in a separate due diligence report.

4.4 Environmental Management Plan

71. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared to ensure that theinstitutions and mechanism are compliant with environmental regulations for theimplementation of the proposed mitigation measures during project preparation, constructionand operation in order to prevent, reduce or eliminate adverse impacts. (see EMP in Annex2.) As shown in the EMP, most of the mitigation measures will be shouldered by theexecuting units (forest farms, forest enterprise, big households, united households, individualhouseholds) through field workers, however, project executing agency (EA) and projectimplementation offices (PIO) at county level will ensure that the agreed mitigation measuresin the EMP will be included in the construction contracts and will be monitored andimplemented. The mitigation measure costs are embedded and secured as part of thedesign and construction costs of the Project. PMO and PlOs will ensure that adequate costsfor mitigation measures and monitoring activities are allocated accordingly.

72. Grievance Redress Mechanism. Public participation, consultation and informationdisclosure undertaken as part of the local EIA process, and consultations undertaken by theproject consultants have discussed and addressed major community concerns. Continuepublic participation and consultation has been emphasised as a key component ofsuccessful project implementation. As a result of this public participation and safeguardassessment during the initial stages of the project, major issues of grievance are notexpected. However, unforeseen issues may occur. In order to settle such issues effectively,an effective and transparent channel for lodging complaints and grievances has beenestablished, in parallel with the mechanism developed under the resettlement planningprocess (refer to subproject resettlement plans).

73. A Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GRM) has been prepared at Project level to dealwith possible complaints during implementation of the Project (see Annex 3). The GRM willbe further disseminated and discussed with the participating communities prior to the start ofthe project activities. The EMP and GRM and EMP will be updated between Board approvaland Loan Inception Mission following detailed design, if necessary.


16

5. INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORINGPLAN

5.1

Institutional Arrangements

74. Project Leading Group (PLG). To ensure project implementation goes smoothly, aProject Leading Group (PLG) has been established by the Jiangxi provincial governmentunder the leadership of the vice governor of the Jiangxi Province People's Government. ThePLG is comprised by heads of relevant departments or bureaus, including Development andReform Commission, Financial Department, Environmental Protection Department, AuditingDepartment, Administration of Foreign Exchange and Forest Department. The office of thePLG is established in Forest Department.

75. Executing Agency (EA). The Department of Forestry, Jiangxi Provincial Government(JPG), being the Executing Agency (EA), will be responsible for the overall implementationand compliance with the EMP and Environmental Monitoring Arrangement (EMA). The EAwill actively coordinate the provincial and the county environmental protection departmentbureaus to review and approve environmental assessment reports prepared for the project.As a membership of PLG, EPD or EPBs will be also responsible for evaluation and approvalof environmental assessment reports of sub-project/activities based on the PRC'sregulations and guidelines. The EPD or EPBs will instruct and supervise EA's environmentalperformance during operational periods according to PRC and provincial regulations andguidelines. In addition, EA will coordinate internal and external professional sectors to maketheir contribution to environmental management plan and monitoring arrangements.

76. Project Management Office (PMO) and Project Implementation Offices (PIO).PMO and PIOSs will be responsible for the day-to-day implementation and compliance withthe environmental management plan and environmental monitoring arrangement to ensureimplementation of mitigation measures. As described in the Environmental ManagementPlan (EMP) and Environmental Monitoring Arrangement (EMA), they will support the EA inhandling any disputes arising from the non-compliance with the EMP and EMA. Theenvironmental monitoring is part of the project performance monitoring system (PPMS). Anadequately staffed monitoring unit (MU) will be established in the PMO with membersnominated for the environmental monitoring. PMO and PlOs will work closely with concernedEPD or EPB staff at the provincial, municipal and county levels to oversee environmentalcompliance. They are not only conducting monitoring activities but also instructing andsupervising operators from different stakeholders to implement mitigation measures.

5.2 Environmental Monitoring

77. The established MU will strictly follow the stipulated monitoring content, frequency andtime schedule to conduct monitoring activities. The monitoring results will be documentedand regularly submitted to relevant organizations including ADB, PMO and EPD. If anyconflict arises, MU will analyze and make necessary suggestions to PMO or ADB to takefurther measures. Environmental monitoring reports will be combined with project progressreports comprised of the implementation of environmental laws, regulations and policies,mitigation measures taken, training and capability building. It is necessary to point out thatforest pest and disease prevention and control plans will be formulated as soon as possibleand assessed by relevant experts as guidelines for the pest and disease monitoring plans.

5.3 Training for Environmental Monitoring

78. To assist the PMO and PlOs to conduct and supervise monitoring of environmentalimpacts and mitigation measures, the project has to provide technical support for nominated

17


MU staff and field operators from state forest farms, enterprises, big households andindividual households before implementation. This training will assist the operation unit toraise environmental awareness and willingness and implement environmental mitigationmeasures. Details of the training program are included in the EMP (Annex 2).


18

6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE

6.1

Public Consultation

79. Public consultation in the environmental assessment process was to use participatoryapproaches to investigate awareness and willingness of different stakeholders about projectobjectives, tasks, content, and further to collect recommendation and suggestion from them.Participatory tools have been used, including public meetings, interviews, field visits andquestionnaires. Questionnaires were comprised of public participation surveys,environmental impacts for different plantation models and the environment impactassessment for bamboo improvement and due diligence questionnaires on State-ownedforest farms, companies and big households. 460 questionnaires (20 questionnaires percounty) on public consultation were issued to different stakeholders including officials fromproject counties and township, staff from enterprises and state forest farms, owners of bighouseholds and individual households. 385 were collected back. The questionnaires wereanswered by people from a wide range of demographics in such categories as sex, age andeducation. For different stakeholders the data is given in the following tables.

Table 1:

Demographics of questionnaire respondents

Sex Age Education

M % F % < 40 %40-50

% >50

% Coll.Univ.

% Sec.Edu.

% Pri.Edu.

°/0

363 94.0 22 6.0 173 44.9 161 41.9 51 13.2 107 27.8 155 40.2 123 32.0

Note: < 40 = below 40 years old, > 50 = above 50 years old; Coll. Univ. = college and university education; Sec.Edu = secondary education; Pri. Edu = primary education

Table 3:

Distribution of questionnaires for different stakeholders

^^tak

Number

Officials fromcounties and

townships

Staff fromforestfarms

Staff fromenterprises

Bighousehold

s

Individualhouseholds

385 52 13.5% 107 1 27.8% 35 1 9.1 % 62116.1 % 129

133.5%

80. A statistical analysis of the questionnaire on public consultation was conducted and thefollowing results have been achieved.

Table 4:

Results from public consultation questionnaires

Know well Generally know Do not know

Background 225 58.4% 155 40.3% 5 1.3%

Do you Objectives 235 61.0% 150 39.0% 0 0%

know the Tasks 218 56.5% 164 42.5% 3 1%

project? Content 231 60% 148 38.4% 6 1.6%

Measures 175 45.5% 198 41.4% 12 3.1%

Do you agree to implement 377 97.9% 6 1.6% 2 0.5%the project?

Do you agree with theproject implementation 369 95.8% 10 2.6% 6 1.6%

site?


19

81. From the above statistics, it is very clear that more than 96% of stakeholders know wellor generally know about the ADB project background, objectives, tasks and measures andonly very few (less than 4%) of stakeholders do not know the project in detail. In addition,more than 97% of the stakeholders agreed to implement the ADB project and more than95% of stakeholders already know the project site. It is necessary to mention that column of"Do not know" almost all come from individual households and big households. This meansthat the public relationship for the implementation project still needs to be reinforced amongthe households.

82. Consultation meetings were held in three key counties (Guangchang, Suichuan andXiangdong County) and Fengshushan forest farm. The participants included officials fromcounty governments, forest bureaus, townships and environmental bureaus, staff from stateforest farms and enterprises, owners of big households and representatives of individualhouseholds. Comments from their speeches and from individual interviews could besummed up as: adverse environmental impacts of project implementation are limited to anacceptable degree and the adverse impact exists for a short period only. The positive long-term environmental impacts of the project greatly exceed the negative impacts. Most ofinterviewees recommended that clear bushes and grasses and soil preparation should be instrips or hole-shaped and there should be an increase in the percentage of broadleaf trees.For pest and disease control, prevention is more important than control, especiallyprevention with bio-agents. It is commonly recognized by interviewees that strictly followingthe procedure and regulations of operations are fundamental to mitigation measures needingto be taken during the operation period. Project implementation not only improves the localecological environment but also makes contributions to poverty reduction. Finally theysuggest implementing project activities as soon as possible, to reduce damage caused bythe 2008 Chinese winter storms.

6.2 Information Disclosure

83. A first disclosure of Project information was carried out at the end of January 2009,during the selection of project counties. PMO issued official documents including projectcontent, schedules, scopes, and impacts. Mitigation measures are being speciallyintroduced. The documents required each anticipated county to solicit local people's opinionabout the project implementation sites and environmental impact. The contact method ofPPMO and CPMO is also introduced; local people were able to submit their opinions on theproject freely.

84. A second round of information disclosure was carried out from July to August 2009 bythe Jiangxi Academy of Agriculture Science, which is responsible for environmentalassessment reports. Within its questionnaires on environmental impact assessment, projectintroductions were included to familiarize different stakeholders with the project. At the sametime, the project summary was publicized and posted in county governments, including theproject name, scope, development agency and contact method, EIA institute and contactmethod, anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures.

85. In addition, the following environmental information will be disclosed during thepreparation and implementation of the Project:

• The domestic EIA report prepared by Jiangxi Academy of Agriculture Science willbe made available on the website of the Jiangxi Forest Department. Copies of theEIA report will be made available upon request.

• All environmental monitoring reports will be disclosed and made available by thePMO. Copies will be provided to the JEPD and environmental bureau of projectcounties.

• The MU of PMO will distribute environmental monitoring results to each operatorof the project.


20

7. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

86. Environmental assessment shows that the project will have positive environmentalimpacts in the long term. Since the project will be implemented on the land of burned forestsites, bare mountains and hills, open or sparsely forested land, as well as bush and grassland, new establishments will greatly improve forest land productivity and environmentalfunction and increase carbon sink. Local tree species selection and mixed forests willprevent or reduce damage from pests and diseases, forest fires and soil erosion. Sinceappropriate mitigation measures will be taken against adverse impacts resulting fromclearing bushes and grasses, soil preparation, fertilizer application and construction,potentially adverse impacts will be reduced to the lowest degree possible and quicklyreverse trends towards positive impacts. Integrated pest management and organic fertilizerswill have an especially positive impact on the environment. No significant adverseenvironmental impacts are anticipated from project implementation.

87. Public consultation indicated that most of the affected people have a positive attitudetoward the project being implemented and that they believe adverse impacts are limited toan acceptable degree, will only be for a short period and in the end will improve their localenvironment, living standards, and economic development. Negative opinions on the projectdid not appear.

88. It is recommended that a full-scale environmental impact assessment (EIA) is notrequired. If all the environmental protection measures will be strictly implemented and theenvironmental management be strengthened in the whole process of the projectimplementation, from the environmental point of the project will improve the environmentalquality in the project area. The possible negative impacts have been identified in theenvironmental management plan (EMP) and for each impact the specific mitigationmeasures have been presented. The mitigation measures included in the EMP are feasibleand based on practical experiences in the province or neighboring provinces.

89. Project monitoring is the key link to check the implementation progress with regard tothe achievement of environmental protection measures. The main monitoring factors include:

• Progress indicator: . Area of established forest.

•

Quality indicators: • Plant diversity (number of species; shareof broadleaf trees).

• Use of I class seedlings.

Survival rate of plantations.

•

Infrastructure indicator: Length of working path (share of correctconstruction without environmentaldamages).

▪

Capacity building indicator: Persons participated in the training.


21

8.

CONCLUSIONS

90. The proposed Project will have significant positive environmental impacts on theproject area, including erosion reduction, water conservation, carbon sequestration andoxygen production. Mixed plantation establishments will promote and improve quality andbiodiversity of anticipated planting sites and introduce new plantation models to Jiangxiprovince and southern PRC. Replacement of chemical fertilizers by organic manure,compounds and compost will change the cultivated customs of local people and makepositive contributions to the local environment including the reduction of contaminates fromchemical fertilizers. Application of integrated pest management (IPM) and bio-agents willprevent air pollution and pests and diseases from breaking out. Costs of proposed mitigationmeasures have been included in the funding of operations and the budget of the EMP andenvironmental monitoring plans have been calculated into the feasibility study report toguarantee implementation of forest ecosystem development.


22

Final Report

ANNEXES


23

Final Report

Annex 1: References

A. Laws and Requlations of the PRC

(1) "The Environmental Protection Law of the PRC", 1989

(2) "The Environmental Impact Assessment Laws of the PRC"

(3) "The Forestry Laws of the PRC", 1998

(4) "The Wildlife Protection Laws", 1988

(5) "The Water Laws of the PRC", 1988

(6) "The Water Pollution Prevention & Control Laws of the PRC", 1996

(7) "The Water and Soil Conservation Laws of the PRC", 1991

(8) "The Cultural Relic Protection Laws of the PRC"

(9) "Nature Reserve Regulations of the PRC" 167 # State Council Decree, 1994

(10) "Wild Plant Protection Regulation of the PRC" 204 # State Council Decree, 1996

(11) "The Circular on Further Strengthening National Nature Reserve Administration" 111 #State Council Decree, 1998

(12) "The Management Regulations on Environmental Protection for ConstructionProjects" SEPM, 1998

(13) "The Circular on Strengthening the Management of EIA for the Construction ProjectsFinanced by the International Financial Organizations" 324 # 1993 issued by SEPM

(14) "Category Management Name List of Environmental Protection for ConstructionProjects" SEPM, 2008

(15) "Forest Pests and Disease Prevention and Protection Regulations" SFA, 1989

(16) "Plantation Quality Management Regulations" SFA, 2001

(17) "Feasibility Study Report Compiling Regulations for Forest Construction Projects"(Try out) SFA 2006.8

(18) "National Ecological Environment Construction Plan" (Forestry Topic), 1999

(19) "Plantation Technology Regulations" (GB/T15776-95)

(20) "Forest Seedling Technology Regulations" (GB/6001-85)

(22) "Public Benefit Forest Construction Technology Regulations" (GB/T 18337.3)

(23) "Plantation Operation Design Regulation" (LY/T 1607-2003)

(24) "Seedling Quality Classification for Main Planting Species" (GB 6000)


24

Final Report

B. Technical Policies for Environmental Protection

(25) "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment" (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93)

(26) "Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment-Non PollutionEcological Impacts" (HJ/T19-1997)

(27) "Integrated Control Standards of Water and Soil Conservation" (GB/T16453.1-16453.6-1996)

(28) "Technical Standards of Water and Soil Conservation Program for Development andConstruction Projects" (SL204-98)

C. Relevant Documents and Development Plans

(29) "National 11 th Five-Year and Medium- and Long-term Development Plan for Forestry"

(30) "National Ecological Environment Protection Outline"

(31) "Decision on Speeding Up Forest Development by CCCPC and SC"

(32) "Jiangxi Provincial 11 th Five-Year and Medium- and Long-term Development Plan forForestry" JFD, May 2006

(33) "Jiangxi Provincial Public Welfare Forest Management Methods" JFD, June 2009

(34) "Forest Management Scheme Compiling and Implementation Guidelines" SFA, Nov.2006


25

Final Report

Annex 2: Environmental Management Plan

I. Introduction

An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared to ensure that theinstitutions and mechanism are compliant with environmental regulations for theimplementation of the proposed mitigation measures during project preparation, constructionand operation in order to prevent, reduce or eliminate adverse impacts.

II. Institutional Arrangements

Project Leading Group (PLG). To ensure project implementation goes smoothly, a ProjectLeading Group (PLG) has been established by the Jiangxi provincial government under theleadership of the vice governor of the Jiangxi Province People's Government. The PLG iscomprised by heads of relevant departments or bureaus, including Development and ReformCommission, Financial Department, Environmental Protection Department, AuditingDepartment, Administration of Foreign Exchange and Forest Department. The office of thePLG is established in Forest Department.

Executing Agency (EA). The Department of Forestry, Jiangxi Provincial Government(JPG), being the Executing Agency (EA), will be responsible for the overall implementationand compliance with the EMP and Environmental Monitoring Arrangement (EMA). EA willactively coordinate the provincial and the county environmental protection departmentbureaus to review and approve environmental assessment reports prepared for the project.As a membership of PLG, EPD or EPBs will be also responsible for evaluation and approvalof environmental assessment reports of sub-project/activities based on the PRC'sregulations and guidelines. The EPD or EPBs will instruct and supervise EA's environmentalperformance during operational periods according to PRC and provincial regulations andguidelines. In addition, EA will coordinate internal and external professional sectors to maketheir contribution to environmental management plan and monitoring arrangements.

Project Management Office (PMO) and Project Implementation Offices (PIO). PMO andPIOSs will be responsible for the day-to-day implementation and compliance with theenvironmental management plan and environmental monitoring arrangement to ensureimplementation of mitigation measures. As described in the Environmental ManagementPlan (EMP) and Environmental Monitoring Arrangement (EMA), they will support the EA inhandling any disputes arising from the non-compliance with the EMP and EMA. Theenvironmental monitoring is part of the project performance monitoring system (PPMS). Anadequately staffed monitoring unit (MU) will be established in the PMO with membersnominated for the environmental monitoring. PMO and PlOs will work closely with concernedEPD or EPB staff at the provincial, municipal and county levels to oversee environmentalcompliance. They are not only conducting monitoring activities but also instructing andsupervising operators from different stakeholders to implement mitigation measures.

III. Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan

The environmental mitigation measures are summaries in Table 2.1. Most of the mitigationmeasures will be shouldered by the executing units (forest farms, forest enterprise, bighouseholds, united households, individual households) through field workers, however,project executing agency (EA) and project implementation offices (PIO) at county level willensure that the agreed mitigation measures in the EMP will be included in the constructioncontracts and will be monitored and implemented. The mitigation measure costs areembedded and secured as part of the design and construction costs of the Project. PMO and


26

Final Report

PIOs will ensure that adequate costs for mitigation measures and monitoring activities areallocated accordingly.

The monitoring arrangements are summarized in Table 2.2. The established MU will strictlyfollow the stipulated monitoring content, frequency and time schedule to conduct monitoringactivities. The monitoring results will be documented and regularly submitted to relevantorganizations including ADB, PMO and EPD. If any conflict arises, MU will analyze andmake necessary suggestions to PMO or ADB to take further measures. Environmentalmonitoring reports will be combined with project progress reports comprised of theimplementation of environmental laws, regulations and policies, mitigation measures taken,training and capability building. It is necessary to point out that forest pest and diseaseprevention and control plans will be formulated as soon as possible and assessed byrelevant experts as guidelines for the pest and disease monitoring plans.

IV. Mechanism of Feedback and Adjustment

A Grievance Redress Mechanisms has been designed and will be implemented for theProject. In the event of a grievance issue, the basic stages established for redress are:

(i) Stage 1: If a concern arises during project implementation, the affectedperson tries to resolve the issue of concern directly with the contractor andthe project manager. If successful, no further follow-up is required.

(ii) Stage 2: If not successful, the affected person can submit an oral or writtenpetition/complaint to the village committee. For an oral complaint, the villagecommittee must make written records properly. The village committee mustgive a clear reply within 2 weeks. The staff from county environmentalprotection bureau (CEPB) may assist the village committee in replying to theaffected person.

(iii) Stage 3: If the affected person is not satisfied with the reply in Stage 2,he/she can appeal to the township government after receiving the reply inStage 1 and the township government must give a clear reply within 2 weeks.The CEPB will assist the township government in replying to the affectedperson.

(iv) Stage 4: If the affected person is still not satisfied with the reply of townshipgovernment, he can appeal to the IA. The IA, through the PMO, must reportto the ADB project officer as soon as the complaint is recorded, by submittingrelevant documents. The IA, through the environmental monitoring unitestablished in the IA, must prepare a clear reply in consultation with theJEPD, and give it to the affected person within 30 days.

(v) Stage 5: If the affected person is still not satisfied with the reply of the IA,he/she can appeal to the PMO after receiving the reply of Stage 4. The PMOmust report to ADB as soon as the complaint is recorded by submittingrelevant documents, and prepare a clear reply in consultation with ADB andJEPD. The PMO must give the reply to the affected person within 30 days.ADB project team will assess the situation, contact the affected people andGovernment project counterparts and design and implement the course ofactions. Stages (ii)-(v) will be further refined during the detailed design stage.

In addition to the established project specific channel above, ADB's overall accountabilitymechanism (2003) appliesl . The mechanism provide opportunities for people adversely

1 The accountability mechanism replaced ADB's Inspection Function (1995).


27

Final Report

affected by ADB-financed projects to express their grievances; seek solutions; and reportalleged violations of ADB's operational policies and procedures, including safeguard policies.ADB's accountability mechanism comprises two separate, but related, functions: (i)consultation, led by ADB's special project facilitator, to assist people adversely affected byADB-assisted projects in finding solutions to their problems; and (ii) providing a processthrough which those affected by projects can file requests for compliance review by ADB'sCompliance Review Panel.

V. Training Program

To assist the PMO and PlOs to conduct and supervise monitoring of environmental impactsand mitigation measures, the project will provide technical support for nominated MU staffand field operators from state forest farms, enterprises, big households and individualhouseholds before implementation (Table 2.3). This training will assist the operation unit toraise environmental awareness and willingness and implement environmental mitigationmeasures. PMO will be responsible for organizing training programs, which will cover (i)environmental laws, regulation and policies, both PRC and ADB; (ii) implementation ofmitigation measures; (iii) handling environmental conflicts with nearby surroundings; (iv)environmental monitoring facilities setup and equipment procurement; (v) facilitymaintenance and operation; (vi) environmental monitoring and supervision methods; and(vii) documentation and reporting systems. Trainers should be experienced experts fromrelevant monitoring stations or centers including hydrological monitoring stations, water andsoil erosion monitoring stations, biodiversity monitoring centers and forest fire controlcenters. Training costs are included in the project training plan.


28

Table 2.1: Summary of the Environmental Management Plan

Mitigation measuresEnvironmentalimpact / issue

Location Time frame Implementation Supervision Estimatedresponsibility responsibility costs (USS)

A: Design and Pre-Construction Phase

1. Optimize Project Design and Plan to minimizepotential adverse environmental Impacts

2. Ensure not to obstruct wild animals from moving,drinking water and searching for food

3. Ensure top forest succession communities andbiodiversity is protected

4. Selection of planting materials will be amonglocal species and in cases of outside species notbe detrimental to local species

5. Establish mixed forest comprised of coniferousand broadleaf trees and forbid monoculture on alarge scale

6. Forest fire breaks will be taken intoconsideration along mountains or hill ridges withbroadleaf trees

7. Design of plantation will follow technicalregulations and environmental protectionguidelines, especially for clearing plantationsites, soil preparation and planting

8. PPMO will motivate CPMO to consult withpotential beneficiaries about project design,implementation and management

Project design Office

Preparation

PMOIncluded in

project designcost

PMOPlOs


29

Environmentalimpact I issue

1.

2.

3.Project site selection

and infrastructure

4.

5.

Mitigation measures

Selection of plantation sites will be based on theforest ecological development planProject area selection will be away fromenvironmentally sensitive sites, including naturereserves, natural, historical and culturalheritages, water source origins, etcSlope land of more than 35 degrees must not beallowed to implement project activitiesForest protections shelters will be designed atthe entrance of forest land and minimize landuseDesign of forest trail construction will be suitablefor forest tending and maintenance andoccupying forest land as little as possible toavoid destroying vegetation and water anderoding soil

Location Time frame Implementation Supervision Estimatedresponsibility responsibility costs (US$)

Office

Preparation

PMOPMO

PIOSs

Included inthe. projectdesign cost

Based on the census of pests and diseasescombined with experience in prevention and control,first selecting biological agents, e.g., Fungi imperficti,

Pesticides

as a precaution. If something stronger is needed,pesticides with high effect, low acidity and lowresidual will be used. Pesticides classified by theWHO as category 1 or 2 will be strictly forbidden

Office

Preparation

PMOIncluded inthe. projectdesign cost

PMOPlOs

Office

Preparation

PMOPMO

PIOSs

Manures, compound and compost will be selectedFertilizers

instead of chemical fertilizers which will cause soilhardening and lower soil fertility in the long term

Included inthe. projectdesign cost


30

Mitigation measuresEnvironmental

impact I issueLocation Time frame Implementation Supervision Estimated

responsibility responsibility costs (USS)

B. Construction and Operation Phase

1. Construction sites will be away from naturereserves and wildlife habitats by 1000 m

2. Construction machines will be away from naturereserves and wildlife habitats. If constructionsites are close to buffer zones, correspondingmeasures will be taken, such as installingmufflers

3. Construction workers are not allowed to enterbuffer zone, study and core area

4. Hunting and destroying wild vegetation arestrictly prohibited

5. Garbage and residual of construction will betaken away from nature reserves and habitats

6. Construction activities will be halted andpreventive action will be taken if impacts onprotected plants or wildlife are discovered duringimplementation.

Nature reservesand wildlife

PMO, natureConstruction

Inc.Construction

Contractors,

reserves andand

contract ofsite

maintenanceExecuting units

wildlife

operationadministration

1.

2.

Natural andhistorical heritage

3.

Construction sites will be away from natural andhistorical heritage by at least 1000 mMake sure contractors and construction workersrealize the importance of protecting natural andhistorical heritageDuring construction, if new cultural heritagerelics are found, immediately stop and protectthe sites, then report to the necessaryorganization

Constructionsite

Constructionand

maintenance

Contractors,Executing units

PMO and

Inc.Historical Relic contract ofAdministration operation


31


impact / issueLocation Time frame Implementation Supervision Estimated

responsibility responsibility costs (US$)

1. Construction sites will be away from watersource origins

2. Construction sites close to the protection area ofwater source origins will plant mixed forest withlarge proportions of broadleaf trees

3. Chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides willbe strictly prohibited

4. Clear cutting bushes and grasses for plantingsite preparation are not allowed

1. Clear cutting bushes and grasses will beforbidden

2. Strip-shape (width 30 m) cutting will be used andthen remaining original vegetation will be instrips of 3 m

3. Vegetations on the tops and bottoms ofmountains and hills will be kept

4. Cut bushes, grasses and residual of harvestcannot be burned

5. Soil preparation will be carried out one monthahead of the rainy season and, except forexcavating holes, the soils surface will not bedisturbed

6. During planting of seedlings, excavated earthwill be refilled, trampled down and covered withstones or something along that line

7. Rain water discharge channels will be builtimmediately after the completion of forest roadsand construction of shelters

8. Take biological measures to improve soilstructure, increase soil fertility and biodiversity

Water sourceorigins

Constructionsite

Constructionand

maintenance


PMOand CPMO

Inc.contract ofoperation

Water and soilerosion

ConstructionConstruction

and

Contractors,site

maintenanceExecuting units


PMOPiOs


32

Mitigation measuresEnvironmentalimpact / issue

Location Time frame Implementation Supervision Estimatedresponsibility responsibility costs (USS)

1. Forest fire breaks will be established withbroadleaf trees along mountains or hill ridges

2. No fire or burning activities for construct workerswithin forest stands will be allowed in case forestfires occur

3. During critical periods of forest fires, supervisionand patrol of the forest fire guard is necessary toavoid local farmers burning residual farming landleading to forest fires

4. Training local farmers, construction workers andcontractors about regulations, methods of andgeneral knowledge of forest fire prevention

1. Select improved varieties and strong seedlingswhich have the capacity to resist pests anddiseases

2. Conduct quarantine of outside seedlings3. Take precautions to prevent pests and diseases

breaking out on a large scale, such as sprayingthe biological agent Fungi imperficti

4. No use of pesticides that are restricted by theWHO, environmentally friendly pesticides only

5. Disposal containers for pesticides and cleaningPests and disease

spraying machines without the use of or neardrinking water

6. Monitor and forecast development trends ofpests and diseases, prevention combined withcontrol

7. Provide training to forest farmers about onproper pesticide selection, application andprocedure

8. Adaptation of pollution-free cultivationtechniques that are currently being carried out inmany fruit gardens.

Forest firesConstruction

site

Constructionand

maintenance



PMOPiOs

Constructionand

Executing unitsmaintenance


Constructionsite

PMOPlOs


33


impact / issueLocation Time frame Implementation Supervision Estimated

responsibility responsibility costs (US$)

1. Apply fertilizers according to soil nutrition anddemand of tree growth

2. Apply compounds, including nitrogen, phosphateand potassium in the proper ratio

3. Intercropping of legume crops (green manurecrop) and cash forests

4. Collecting bags of fertilizers5. Ditch or hole application methods will be used

and covered with earth to increase fertilizereffects and lower pollution

1. Apply adequate construction methods andmaintain professional standards

2. Conduct adequate construction supervision3. Minimize land use as little as possible4. After completion of infrastructure construction, it

is necessary to remove construction garbage,residual waste and rehabilitate vegetation assoon as possible.

5. Water discharge channels for forest roads andshelters will be built to prevent erosion

6. Refine and maintain a grievance redressmechanism

7. Avoid exposure of communities to both acciden-tal and natural hazards, especially where thefailure could result in injury to the community.

8. Inform affected communities of significant poten-tial hazards and where necessary prepare to re-spond to accidental and emergency situations.

FertilizersConstruction

and

Executing unitsmaintenance


Constructionsite

PMOPlOs

InfrastructureConstruction

Construction

and

Contractors,Executing unitssite

maintenance


PMOPIO

Social impacts

1. Training to enhance awareness and willingnessof environmental protection for local residents

2. Help local residents or forest farmers managehealthy forests and maximize income from forest

ConstructioConstruction

n andsite

maintenance

PMOPlOs

Executing units


34

Mitigation measuresEnvironmentalimpact I issue

Location Time frame Implementation Supervision Estimatedresponsibility responsibility costs (USE)

1. Training about clearing planting sites that meansno burning activity and organize study tours to

Training

share information among different counties2. Training about pesticides and herbicide

application

First yearCounty with PMO Includedno burning PMO in training

ProgramProject area Consnructio FPDPDB

1. Reduction of erosion of 100,000 tons of soils peryear (i.e. 2 tons/ha/year))

2. Annual water conservation 19 million m3 (i.e.377 tons/ha/year)

3. Annual carbon sequestration 150,000 tons (i.e. 3tons/ha/year)

4. Maintain mixed forest plantations with proportionof 60% conifer and 40% broadleaf

5. Strict compliance with forest managementtenure and contracts (no annual decline inbiomass).

Notes: PDO: PMO: Provincial Project Management Office, PIO; County Project Implementation Office; Executing units: forest farm, forest enterprise, big household; unitedhousehold, individual household; FPDPDB: Forest Pest and Disease Prevention and Control Bureau

Sustainable ForestManagement

Local forest

Inc.Operation

Executing units bureaus and

contract ofEPBs

operationAll project

sites


35

Table 2.2: Summary Environmental Monitoring Arrangement

Item

Parameters

Location

Time and Frequency

Implementing

Supervising

Agency

Agency

General Mitigation

Mitigation measures to All project construction sites

Regular onsite checks

Contractors

PMO, Provincial,

Measures by Contractors be implemented by

city and county

contractors

EPBs

Natural reserves and

Location of project

All project construction sites


lAs, executing units,

PMO, Provincial,

wildlife

activities

contractors

city and countySemi-annual through pro-

EPBsgress reports

Natural and historical

Occurrence of natural All project construction sites


!As, executing units,

PMO, Provincial,

heritage

and historical heritage

Semi-annual through pro-

contractors

city and countyEPBs

gress reports

Water Source Origin

Occurrence of natural All project construction sites



PMO, Provincial,

and historical heritage

contractors

city and countyEPBs

Water and Soil erosion

Land preparation




PMO, Provincial,

practices

contractors

city and countyEPBs

Forest fires

Adequate forest fire

All project areas and county



PMO, Provincial,

patrols during critical

offices

contractors


periods

EPBsgress reports

Provided training


36

Item Parameters Location

Pest and disease Proper usage of agro-chemicals

Provided training

All project areas

Fertilizers Proper usage of agro-chemicals

All project areas

Infrastructure Mitigation measures tobe implemented bycontractors (listed inTable 2.2)


Social Impacts Provided training PMO and all county offices

Training Provided training PMO and all county offices

Time and Frequency Implementing Supervising

Agency Agency



PMO, Provincial,contractors


EPBsgress reports


[As, executing units,

PMO, Provincial,contractors

city and countyEPBs


Contractors, executing PMO, Provincial,units

city and countyEPBs


Contractors, executing PMO, Provincial,gress reports

units

city and countyEPBs


Contractors, executing PMO, Provincial,gress reports

units

city and countyEPBs

Note: EPB: Environmental protection bureau (county); JEPD: Environmental protection department (Jiangxi province; EU: executing unit (forest farm, forest enterprise, bighousehold, united households, individual household); PIO: project implementation office (county), PMO: project management office (Jiangxi provincial forestry department)

Source(s): Domestic ElAs, and consultations with PPMO, city and county EPBs, and !As.


37

Table 2.3:

Technical training

Projectmanagement andtechnical staff ofcity and county

PMO;level project office Relevantfor planning,

specialist

500

200

100,000environmental

from otherprotection,

servicesprocurement, pestcontrol and otherrelated works

Training scope Target group

TrainerPrice/

Peronday

dayCNY

TotalpriceCNY

Level

Provisions andregulations related toproject qualitymanagement; projecttechnical provisions;project material andequipment procurement;project's environmentalprotection and pestcontrol

Province

Pest control and safetyrules for usingpesticides; seedlingtechnologies; forestationtechnologies (soilpreparation, pruning,tending, fertilizing, andintermediate cutting),environmentalregulation for the project

Domestic observationand study in the arealike foreign investedproject management

Study tour / and operation, efficientvisits

operation andmanagementtechnologies for multi-purpose ecologicalforest

Managers and

Monitoringtechnical staff of

unitstownship level,

PMO, PIOtechnical staff in

specialists 2000

100

200,000the forest station,

from otherforest mangers,

countyrural household

bureaus

National20 1,000 20,000

consultant

National600 200 120,000

consultant

County

Technicalconsultation

Environmentalmonitoring andsupervision methods

Related projectmanagement andtechnical staff atthe province, city,and county levelsproject offices

Projectmanagement andtechnical staff atthe province, city,and county levelsproject offices


38

IEE: PRC: Jiangxi Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Development ......with the "All China Ecological...

Documents

Transcript of IEE: PRC: Jiangxi Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Development ......with the "All China Ecological...