IEA Bioenergy Task 42 Biorefineries · The New Biomass value chain: ... biofuels by co-production...
Transcript of IEA Bioenergy Task 42 Biorefineries · The New Biomass value chain: ... biofuels by co-production...
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IEA Task 42 Biorefineries: Co-production of Fuels, Chemicals, Power and Materials from Biomass.
Biorefinery: the sustainable processing of biomass into
a spectrum of marketable products and energy
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 Biorefineries Dublin 25th March 2009
Sponsored by
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IEA Task 42 Biorefineries workshop. Crowne Plaza, Dublin 25th March 2009.
Registration and refreshments 09:00-10:00
Morning Session
Pearse Buckley Welcome on behalf of SEI 10:00-10:05 Ed de Jong IEA Bioenergy Task 42 10:05 – 10:30 Gerfried Jungmeier Biorefinery Status Austria 10:30 – 10:45 Maria Wellisch/ Kirsty Piquette Biorefinery Status Canada 10:45 – 11:00 Henning Jorgensen Biorefinery Status Denmark 11:00 – 11:15 Coffee/tea 11:15-11:30 Graeme Bullock Biorefinery Status Australia 11:30 – 11:45 Thomas Willke Biorefinery Status Germany 11:45– 12:00 René van Ree Biorefinery Status Netherlands 12:00 – 12:15 TBA Biorefinery Status France 12:15 – 12:30 Discussion 12:30 – 13:00
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Irish Stakeholder Presentations
Welcome Address Professor J. Owen Lewis CEO Sustainable Energy Ireland (SEI) 1400 Joseph McEniry Teagasc Title: Green Grass - Developing grass for sustainable renewable energy 1405
generation and value-added products Sinead O Keeffe Teagasc Walsh Fellow Title: Green biorefinery –scoping study for Ireland 1425 Maria Tuohy NUIG Working Title: Developments in R&D at the Energy Research Centre NUIG 1445 Tea/Coffee 1500 Carbolea UL Daniel Hayes Prof. Michael Hayes 1530 Title: Work on Biorefining by the Carbolea Research Group, University of Limerick Dr Haibo Xie DCU 1550 Title: Sustainable Ionic Liquids Based Biorefinery George O’Malley Biorefinery Ireland Initiatives 1610 JP Prendergast Sustainable BioPolymers Ltd. Title: Bioenergy/Biorefining Initiative in the West of Ireland 1620 Discussion/networking 1630
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Task 42
Biorefineries:Co-production of Fuels, Chemicals, Power and Materials from Biomass
Ed de Jong
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The biobased economy
Closing the loop:No waste & CO2 - neutral.
Drivers:
• Kyoto• Security of supply• Agricultural
policies• Sustainability• Economics
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The New Biomass value chain: a new € - game
€
€
€
Food
Biomass production
1st Agro logistics Food pretreatment Food productionFoodconversion
Existingnon- food:• Feed• Additives• Compost• Fibres• Waste
management.
Biomass sourcesAgro-food
productionBy products & waste
Logistics&storageNL productionImports
Existing conversion Existing production
BiobasedProducts• Biobased
materials• Bio-based
chemicals• Bio-fuels• Bio-energy
New productionPerformance materialsBase&platform chemicalsPerformance chemicalsBio Energy
New Pre-treatment & conversion
physical&chemical conversion
process engineering
bioconversion
A&F, Wageningen UR
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Facilitating commercialisation and market deployment of environmentally sound, sustainable and cost-competitive bioenergy technologies………
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IEA Bioenergy……..• Set up in 1978 by the International Energy Agency
• Provides an international forum for sharing information and developing best practice on– Technology development– Non-technical barriers and issues– Regulatory and legislative issues
• Produces authoritative scientific and technical information on key strategic issues affecting deployment
• One of two Implementing Agreements with major relevance for Biofuels (the other IEA-AMF (Advanced Motor Fuels))
• Annual budget 1.7 M US-$ (2007)
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Vision and MissionVision:
To accelerate the use of environmentally sound and cost-competitive bioenergy on a sustainable basis, to provide increased security of supply and a substantial contribution to future energy demands.
Mission: To facilitate commercialisation and market deployment of environmentally sound, sustainable and cost-competitive bioenergy technologies.
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StrategyTo provide platforms for international collaboration and information exchange in bioenergy research, development and demonstration. This includes:
• the development of networks, • dissemination of information, • involvement of industry and • encouragement of membership by countries with a
strong bioenergy infrastructure
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Agreement Activities
Executive Committee• Bi-annual ExCo meetings/management of the IA • ExCo Workshops• Annual report, newsletters, website• Strategic Position Papers• Technical Coordinator (new initiative)
Tasks• Coordination of national RD&D programmes,
information exchange and joint projects• Task meetings, study tours and workshops• Publications, reports, newsletters, websites• Networking with industrial and other stakeholders
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22 Contracting Parties
• Australia• Austria• Belgium• Brazil• Canada• Croatia• Denmark• European
Commission• Finland• France• Germany
• Ireland• Italy• Japan• Netherlands• New Zealand• Norway• South Africa• Sweden• Switzerland• United Kingdom• United States
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Tasks
• FeedstockForest and agricultural products, MSW and recovered fuels
• ConversionCombustion, gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, fermentation, biorefineries
• Integrating Research IssuesGHG balances, socioeconomic drivers, international trade, systems analysis
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Task 42: Biorefineries
Focus on:Biorefinery as a facility that optimises the integrated production of materials, fuels, energy and chemicals and so maximises the value derived from the biomass feedstock.
Aims to:Assess the worldwide position and potential of biorefineries.
Gather new insights of the possibilities for the simultaneous manufacture of transportation fuels, added value chemicals, heat, power and materials.
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
Task 30SRC
Task 31Sustainable
forestry
Task 40Sustainable international
biomass trade
Task 32Biomass cofiring
Task 33Thermal
gasification of biomass
Task 34Pyrolysis
of biomass
Task 29Socio-
economic drivers
Task 38Greenhouse
gas balances
Task 41System analysis
Biorefineries Task 42
national RD&D
programmes
international RD&D
programmes
EU TechnologyPlatforms
Task 39Liquid fuels
from biomass
Task 37Biogas
Position Task within IEA Bioenergy
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Interlinkages with other IEA Tasks, international and national initiatives(2)
Task no. Biorefinery-related interests30 SRC as raw materials for biorefineries
40 Trading of raw biomass versus intermediates or final products
31 Sustainable forestry products as raw materials for biorefineries
32 Upstream refinery of raw materials for power production optimising economics and/or conversion behaviour
33 a) See 32 and b) BioSyngas production and downstream applications – thermochemical refinery
34 a) Advance state-of-the-art fast pyrolysis processes and b) biorefinery activities Thermalnet – thermochemical refinery
39 Optimising economics conventional and advanced biofuels by co-production added-value products
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Interlinkages with other IEA Tasks, international and national initiatives (3)
Task no. Biorefinery-related interests29 Socio-economic impacts biorefineries at local, regional and
international level38 Analysis greenhouse gas reduction potential of biorefineries
41 Integral technical, economic and environmental chain analysis biorefineries
International RD&D
programmes
EU: IPs, NoEs, STREPs, CAs, …
European Technology Platforms
Biorefinery-related data should be integrated in Vision documents and SRA for 7th FWP
National RD&D
programmes
Overview national biorefinery initiatives both RD&D, implementation and running initiatives
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Task Structure
Sources
Process
Product
Overview
Task 31
Sustainable Forestry
Task 30
Short Rotation
Crops
Task36
MSW
Task 37
LFG/AD
Task 34 Pyrolysis
Task 32 Combustion
and Cofiring
Task 33 Gasification
Task 39
Liquid fuels
Task 29 Socioeconomic Drivers
Task 38 GHG Balances
Task 41 System Analysis
Task 40 Sustainable Trade
Task 42
Biorefineries
Sources
Process
Product
Overview
Task 31
Sustainable Forestry
Task 31
Sustainable Forestry
Task 30
Short Rotation
Crops
Task 30
Short Rotation
Crops
Task36
MSW
Task36
MSW
Task 37
LFG/AD
Task 37
LFG/AD
Task 34 PyrolysisTask 34
PyrolysisTask 32
Combustion and
Cofiring
Task 32 Combustion
and Cofiring
Task 33 Gasification
Task 33 Gasification
Task 39
Liquid fuels
Task 39
Liquid fuels
Task 29 Socioeconomic DriversTask 29 Socioeconomic Drivers
Task 38 GHG BalancesTask 38 GHG Balances
Task 41 System AnalysisTask 41 System Analysis
Task 40 Sustainable TradeTask 40 Sustainable Trade
Task 42
Biorefineries
Task 42
Biorefineries
• 13 active Tasks
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Partners Task 42
Founding members:
Austria, Canada, Denmark, EU, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands
New Members:
Australia, Italy
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Task 42: Key Activities and Achievements
• Development of a common definition for biorefineries.
• Development of a common classification system for biorefineries.
• Country reports on current processing potential and mapping of existing plants.
• Identification of biorefinery related RD&D programmes in participant countries.
• Annual biorefinery seminar for stakeholders.
• Linking of ongoing international activities through joint events and new initiatives
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Task 42 Definition on Biorefineries:
Biorefinery: the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable products and energy
• Biorefinery: concepts, facilities, plants, processes, clusters of industries
• Sustainable: maximizing economics, - social aspects, minimizing environmental impacts, fossil fuel replacement, closed cycles
• Processing: upstream processing, transformation, fractionation, thermo-chemical and biochemical conversion, extraction, separation, downstream processing
• Biomass: wood & agricultural crops, organic residues, forest residues, aquatic biomass
• Spectrum: multiple energic and non-energic outlets
• Marketable: Present and forecasted (volume and prices)
• Products: both intermediates and final products (i.e. food, feed, materials, chemicals, fuels, power, heat)
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Biorefinery
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Network on which the biorefinery system classification method is based
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Rationale biorefinery system classification method The classification approach consists on four main features:
Feedstocks:• energy crops from agriculture (e.g. starch crops, short rotation forestry)• biomass residues from agriculture, forestry, trade and industry
conversion processes
Conversion Processes:• biochemical (e.g. fermentation, enzymatic conversion) • thermo-chemical (e.g. gasification, pyrolysis) • chemical (e.g. acid hydrolysis, synthesis, esterification) • mechanical processes (e.g. fractionation, pressing, size reduction)
Platforms:• (e.g. C5/C6 sugars, syngas, biogas)
Energy/products:• energy (e.g. bioethanol, biodiesel, synthetic biofuels) • products (e.g. chemicals, materials, food and feed)
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Biorefinery
Brochure
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Status March 2009
1) Website: www.IEA-Bioenergy.Task42-Biorefineries.com
2) Classification of Biorefineries
3) Country reports on Biorefineries
4) Leaflet
5) Brochure with examples of biorefineries
http://www.iea-bioenergy.task42-biorefineries.com/http://www.iea-bioenergy.task42-biorefineries.com/
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Thank you for your attention
Further information:
Ed de Jong ([email protected])Rene van Ree ([email protected])
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Biorefinery Status Austria
Gerfried Jungmeier, Michael Mandl and Francesco Cherubini
National Irish Stakeholder meetingDublin, IrelnadMarch 25, 2009
Die Teilnahme an den Tasks in IEA Bioenergy wird finanziert vomBundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie / Abteilung für Energie- und Umwelttechnologien.
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European Goals for 2020
4 20% Greenhouse gas reduction
4 20% Energy efficiency increase
4 20% Renewable Energy with 10% renewable transportation fuels in transportation sector
4 35% Greenhouse gas reduction of transportation biofuels compared to fossil fuels (status of December 2008) increasing via 50% to 60% (2017)
European Renewable Energy Directive (Status Dec. 2008)
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European Roadmap for Biofuels
Source: Biofuels in the European Union – A vision for 2030 and beyond, Final report of the Biofuels Research Advisory Council, June 2006
Vision 2030: 25% Biofuels
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BiorefineryWith Transportation Biofuel Orientation
BiomassResources- oil- starch- sugar- lignocellulose- ….
Energy
liquid/gaseous transportation fuelselectricityheatsolid fuels
Materials
bulk chemicalsfine chemicalsanimal feedmaterialsfertilizer……
Based on different conversionprocesses- Bio-chemical- Thermo-chemical- Physical-chemical- Others
Biorefinery
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Outline
Classification of Biorefinery Systems
DevelopmentSyngas-platform
Green Biorefinery
Wood Biorefineries
LCA of Biorefineries
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The 4 Features toCharacterise A Biorefinery Systems
1. Platforms 2. Products
3. Feedstocks 4. Processes
Biorefinery
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Feature 1:The Possible Platforms of a Biorefinery
Platforms might be
intermediates from raw materials towards biorefinery´s productslinkages between different biorefinery conceptsalready final product of a biorefinery
BiorefineryPlatforms
C5 sugars
organic solutions oils
biogas
syngas
hydrogen
C6 sugars
pyrolyticliquids
lignin
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Feature 2:Products for Energy & Material Markets
Products ofBiorefinery Systems
Material products (1st selection)- Food- Animal Feed- Fertilizer (minerals)- Glycerine- Biomaterials (e.g. fiber products) - Chemicals and polymers- Organic acids and polymers
Energy products (1st selection)- Biodiesel- Bioethanol- Biomethan (e.g. SNG)- Synthetic biofuels Fuels (e.g. FT-Diesel)- Hydrogen
- Electricity and heat
Comment: choice of energy or material product also depending on addressed markets
IEA Bioenergy
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Feature 3:Possible Feedstocks of a Biorefinery
Dedicated crops Residues
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Trade/industry/householdsAgriculture Aquaculture Forestry
Dedicated crops Residues
Feature 3:Possible Feedstocks of A Biorefinery
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Trade/industry/householdsAgriculture Aquaculture Forestry
Lignocellulosic residuesOil based residuesOrganic residues & others
Oil cropsSugar cropsStarch cropsLignocellulosic cropsGrasses
Dedicated crops Residues
Feature 3:Possible Feedstocks of A Biorefinery
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Feature 4:The Possible Processes of a Biorefinery
Chemical processesCatalytic processesChemical reactionsEsterificationHydrogenationHydrolysisMethanisationSteam reformingWater electrolysisWater gas shift
Processes
Mechanical/physical processesExtractionFiber separationMechanical fractionationPressingPretreatmentSeparation Supercritical processesUpgrading
Bio-chemical processesFermentation Anaerobic digestion
Thermo-chemical processesCombustionGasificationPyrolysisHydrothermal upgrading (HTU)
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Example:Description of a Biorefinery System
Generic System
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Example:Description of a Biorefinery System
Generic System Example
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Grain Straw
Biogas
Platform Mechanical/Physical process
Chemical process
Biochemical processes
Thermochemical process
UpgradingSteam
reforming
Pressing/desruption
Estherification
Link among biorefinery pathways
Pretreatment
Combustion
Fiber separation
Fractionation and/or pressing
Chemical reaction
Methanisation
Fiber separation
Oil
C6 sugars
Water gas shift
Straw
H2
Hydrogenation / Upgrading
Extraction
Fermentation
Water electrolysis
Gasification
Separation
Syngas
Separation
Hydrolysis
Pyrolysis, HTU
Organic residues and others
Grasses Sugar cropsStarch crops
Lignocellulosic crops
Lignocellulosic residues Oil crops
Oil based residues
Biomethane
BiodieselElectricity and heatFertilizer Glycerine
Chemicals & polymers
Feedstock
Material products
Legend
Energy products
Synthetic biofuels (FT, DME…)
Anaerobic digestion
Organic solution
Food
Bioethanol
Organic acids & extracts
Lignin
Upgrading
Pyrolytic liquid
Algae
Biomaterials
C5 sugars
Bio-H2
Chemical reaction
Animal feed
Chemical reaction
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1. Bioethanol fromstarch
Grain Straw
Biogas
Platform Mechanical/Physical process
Chemical process
Biochemical processes
Thermochemical process
UpgradingSteam
reforming
Pressing/desruption
Estherification
Link among biorefinery pathways
Pretreatment
Combustion
Fiber separation
Fractionation and/or pressing
Chemical reaction
Methanisation
Fiber separation
Oil
C6 sugars
Water gas shift
Straw
H2
Hydrogenation / Upgrading
Extraction
Fermentation
Water electrolysis
Gasification
Separation
Syngas
Separation
Hydrolysis
Pyrolysis, HTU
Organic residues and others
Grasses Sugar cropsStarch crops
Lignocellulosic crops
Lignocellulosic residues Oil crops
Oil based residues
Biomethane
BiodieselElectricity and heatFertilizer Glycerine
Chemicals & polymers
Feedstock
Material products
Legend
Energy products
Synthetic biofuels (FT, DME…)
Anaerobic digestion
Organic solution
Food
Bioethanol
Organic acids & extracts
Lignin
Upgrading
Pyrolytic liquid
Algae
Biomaterials
C5 sugars
Bio-H2
Chemical reaction
Animal feed
Chemical reaction
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1. Bioethanol fromstarch
2. Biodiesel from oilcrop
Grain Straw
Biogas
Platform Mechanical/Physical process
Chemical process
Biochemical processes
Thermochemical process
UpgradingSteam
reforming
Pressing/desruption
Estherification
Link among biorefinery pathways
Pretreatment
Combustion
Fiber separation
Fractionation and/or pressing
Chemical reaction
Methanisation
Fiber separation
Oil
C6 sugars
Water gas shift
Straw
H2
Hydrogenation / Upgrading
Extraction
Fermentation
Water electrolysis
Gasification
Separation
Syngas
Separation
Hydrolysis
Pyrolysis, HTU
Organic residues and others
Grasses Sugar cropsStarch crops
Lignocellulosic crops
Lignocellulosic residues Oil crops
Oil based residues
Biomethane
BiodieselElectricity and heatFertilizer Glycerine
Chemicals & polymers
Feedstock
Material products
Legend
Energy products
Synthetic biofuels (FT, DME…)
Anaerobic digestion
Organic solution
Food
Bioethanol
Organic acids & extracts
Lignin
Upgrading
Pyrolytic liquid
Algae
Biomaterials
C5 sugars
Bio-H2
Chemical reaction
Animal feed
Chemical reaction
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1. Bioethanol fromstarch
2. Biodiesel from oilcrop
3. Biomethane fromorganic residues
Grain Straw
Biogas
Platform Mechanical/Physical process
Chemical process
Biochemical processes
Thermochemical process
UpgradingSteam
reforming
Pressing/desruption
Estherification
Link among biorefinery pathways
Pretreatment
Combustion
Fiber separation
Fractionation and/or pressing
Chemical reaction
Methanisation
Fiber separation
Oil
C6 sugars
Water gas shift
Straw
H2
Hydrogenation / Upgrading
Extraction
Fermentation
Water electrolysis
Gasification
Separation
Syngas
Separation
Hydrolysis
Pyrolysis, HTU
Organic residues and others
Grasses Sugar cropsStarch crops
Lignocellulosic crops
Lignocellulosic residues Oil crops
Oil based residues
Biomethane
BiodieselElectricity and heatFertilizer Glycerine
Chemicals & polymers
Feedstock
Material products
Legend
Energy products
Synthetic biofuels (FT, DME…)
Anaerobic digestion
Organic solution
Food
Bioethanol
Organic acids & extracts
Lignin
Upgrading
Pyrolytic liquid
Algae
Biomaterials
C5 sugars
Bio-H2
Chemical reaction
Animal feed
Chemical reaction
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1. Bioethanol fromstarch
2. Biodiesel from oilcrop
3. Biomethane fromorganic residues
4. FT-Fuels and chemicals fromlignocellulosic residues
Grain Straw
Biogas
Platform Mechanical/Physical process
Chemical process
Biochemical processes
Thermochemical process
UpgradingSteam
reforming
Pressing/desruption
Estherification
Link among biorefinery pathways
Pretreatment
Combustion
Fiber separation
Fractionation and/or pressing
Chemical reaction
Methanisation
Fiber separation
Oil
C6 sugars
Water gas shift
Straw
H2
Hydrogenation / Upgrading
Extraction
Fermentation
Water electrolysis
Gasification
Separation
Syngas
Separation
Hydrolysis
Pyrolysis, HTU
Organic residues and others
Grasses Sugar cropsStarch crops
Lignocellulosic crops
Lignocellulosic residues Oil crops
Oil based residues
Biomethane
BiodieselElectricity and heatFertilizer Glycerine
Chemicals & polymers
Feedstock
Material products
Legend
Energy products
Synthetic biofuels (FT, DME…)
Anaerobic digestion
Organic solution
Food
Bioethanol
Organic acids & extracts
Lignin
Upgrading
Pyrolytic liquid
Algae
Biomaterials
C5 sugars
Bio-H2
Chemical reaction
Animal feed
Chemical reaction
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Grain Straw
Biogas
Platform Mechanical/Physical process
Chemical process
Biochemical processes
Thermochemical process
UpgradingSteam
reforming
Pressing/desruption
Estherification
Link among biorefinery pathways
Pretreatment
Combustion
Fiber separation
Fractionation and/or pressing
Chemical reaction
Methanisation
Fiber separation
Oil
C6 sugars
Water gas shift
Straw
H2
Hydrogenation / Upgrading
Extraction
Fermentation
Water electrolysis
Gasification
Separation
Syngas
Separation
Hydrolysis
Pyrolysis, HTU
Organic residues and others
Grasses Sugar cropsStarch crops
Lignocellulosic crops
Lignocellulosic residues Oil crops
Oil based residues
Biomethane
BiodieselElectricity and heatFertilizer Glycerine
Chemicals & polymers
Feedstock
Material products
Legend
Energy products
Synthetic biofuels (FT, DME…)
Anaerobic digestion
Organic solution
Food
Bioethanol
Organic acids & extracts
Lignin
Upgrading
Pyrolytic liquid
Algae
Biomaterials
C5 sugars
Bio-H2
Chemical reaction
Animal feed
Chemical reaction
1. Bioethanol fromstarch
2. Biodiesel from oilcrop
3. Biomethane fromorganic residues
4. FT-Fuels and chemicals fromlignocellulosic residues
…
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Outline
Classification of Biorefinery Systems
DevelopmentSyngas-platform
Green Biorefinery
Wood Biorefineries
LCA of Biorefineries
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Grassland Silage
Gas engine Biogas plantHeat & Power
Fractionation
Gas purificationGasnetBio-CNG
Power plant
Gas burner
AminoacidsLactic acid
Juice treatment
The Green Biorefinery Concept in Upper Austria
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FibreProcessing
Fibre for differentapplications
feedstock silage(Grass, Clover, Lucerne)
Mechanical Fractionation
Press CakeFibres
Juice
Lactic AcidSeparation
Amino AcidsSeparation
Biogas digester
Amino Acids mixtures
Lactic Acid,
ElectricityHeat
Fertiliser
optional
additional feed(manure, maize)
Green Biorefinery in Utzenaich in Austria
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Outline
Classification of Biorefinery Systems
DevelopmentSyngas-platform
Green Biorefinery
Wood Biorefineries
LCA of Biorefineries
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Wood Biorefinery in Lenzing/Austria
pulp
acetic acid
thick liquor
energy surplus
beech wood
11%
50%pulp mill
39% furfural
xylose
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WOOD: First Process it….
The final poducts aretechnology-intensive!capital-intensive !labour-intensive!export-intensive!
Lignin: calorific value 25 – 26 MJ/kg (aromates)
Cellulose, hemicelluloses: calorific value 16 – 18 MJ/kg (hydrocarbons)
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Biorefinery ConceptM-real Hallein AG / Austria
Source: M-real
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Outline
Classification of Biorefinery Systems
DevelopmentSyngas-platform
Green Biorefinery
Wood Biorefineries
LCA of Biorefineries
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BioSNGBioSNG--MethanisationMethanisation(Pilot plant)(Pilot plant)
Biomass
Biomass Biomass gasifiergasifier
CO + 3 H2 = CH4 + H2O
[energy from biomass]
RENEWABLE ENERGY NETWORK AUSTRIA
R&D Activities for Syngas-Platform in Güssing
BioFiTBioFiT–– FT FT synthesissynthesis
Future
Methanol, Hydrogen, Methanol, Hydrogen, ……Source: Vienna University of Technology
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SNG from Biomass –Demonstration in Güssing
Methanisation Demo
SNG as transportation biofuel
Source: Vienna University of Technology
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Outline
Classification of Biorefinery Systems
DevelopmentSyngas-platform
Green Biorefinery
Wood Biorefineries
LCA of Biorefineries
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Process System:Wood Bioethanol Biorefinery
Bioethanol Electricity Heat Phenols
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Process System:Wood Bioethanol Biorefinery
Pretreatment
Hydrolysis
Fermentation
Bioethanol
Wood chips
Electricity Heat Phenols
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Process System:Wood Bioethanol Biorefinery
Combustion
Pretreatment
Hydrolysis
Fermentation
Bioethanol
Wood chips
Lignin
Residues
Electricity Heat Phenols
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Process System:Wood Bioethanol Biorefinery
Combustion
Pretreatment
Hydrolysis
Fermentation
Bioethanol
Wood chips
Lignin
Pyrolysis
Drying
SeparationResidues
Electricity Heat Phenols
Char
Biooil
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Reference Systems for Wood Bioethanol Biorefinery
Systems
Heat Electricity Transportation service *) Phenols
110 GWh/a 175 GWh/a 1,000 Mio. km/a 5,600 t/aWood bioethanol biorefienery
Wood polygeneration, con. phenols oilWood CHP **), gasoline, con. phenols gasoline oil
Wood heating, natural gas, gasoline, con. phenols wood natural gas gasoline oilFossil reference system oil natural gas gasoline oil
*) Bioethanol: 100.000 t/a**) Combined heat and power
woodwood
wood
Supplied energy services
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Reference Systems for Wood Bioethanol Biorefinery
Systems
Heat Electricity Transportation service *) Phenols
110 GWh/a 175 GWh/a 1,000 Mio. km/a 5,600 t/aWood bioethanol biorefienery
Wood polygeneration, con. phenols oilWood CHP **), gasoline, con. phenols gasoline oil
Wood heating, natural gas, gasoline, con. phenols wood natural gas gasoline oilFossil reference system oil natural gas gasoline oil
*) Bioethanol: 100.000 t/a**) Combined heat and power
woodwood
wood
Supplied energy services
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Reference Systems for Wood Bioethanol Biorefinery
Systems
Heat Electricity Transportation service *) Phenols
110 GWh/a 175 GWh/a 1,000 Mio. km/a 5,600 t/aWood bioethanol biorefienery
Wood polygeneration, con. phenols oilWood CHP **), gasoline, con. phenols gasoline oil
Wood heating, natural gas, gasoline, con. phenols wood natural gas gasoline oilFossil reference system oil natural gas gasoline oil
*) Bioethanol: 100.000 t/a**) Combined heat and power
woodwood
wood
Supplied energy services
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System Description forExample Environmental Evaluation
Systems
Heat Electricity Transportation service *) Phenols
110 GWh/a 175 GWh/a 1,000 Mio. km/a 5,600 t/aWood bioethanol biorefienery
Wood polygeneration, con. phenols oilWood CHP **), gasoline, con. phenols gasoline oil
Wood heating, natural gas, gasoline, con. phenols wood natural gas gasoline oilFossil reference system oil natural gas gasoline oil
*) Bioethanol: 100.000 t/a**) Combined heat and power
woodwood
wood
Supplied energy services
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System Description forExample Environmental Evaluation
Systems
Heat Electricity Transportation service *) Phenols
110 GWh/a 175 GWh/a 1,000 Mio. km/a 5,600 t/aWood bioethanol biorefienery
Wood polygeneration, con. phenols oilWood CHP **), gasoline, con. phenols gasoline oil
Wood heating, natural gas, gasoline, con. phenols wood natural gas gasoline oilFossil reference system oil natural gas gasoline oil
*) Bioethanol: 100.000 t/a**) Combined heat and power
woodwood
wood
Supplied energy services
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LCA Results:Greenhouse Gas Emissions
- 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Wood bioethanolbiorefienery
Wood polygeneration, con.phenols
Wood CHP, gasoline, con.phenols
Wood heating, natural gas,gasoline, con. phenols
Fossil reference system
Greenhouse Gas Emissions [1,000 t CO2-eq./a]
CO2 CH4 N2O
48
57
288
367
408
- 10%
- 29%
- 86%
- 88%
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- 2 4 6 8 10
Wood bioethanolbiorefienery
Wood polygeneration,con. phenols
Wood CHP, gasoline,con. phenols
Wood heating, naturalgas, gasoline, con.
phenols
Fossil reference system
Cumulated Primary Energy Demand [PJ/a]
Fossil energy Biomass Others
8.6
7.0
6.2
5.85
5.91
LCA Results:Cumulated Primary Energy Demand
- 33%
- 84%
- 90%
- 9% Reduction fossil energy
-
Indicator for Environmental Evaluation
-1.0
-0.8
-0.5
-0.3
--400.00 -350.00 -300.00 -250.00 -200.00 -150.00 -100.00 -50.00 0.00
GHG reduction [ t CO2-eq/a]
Spec
ific
GH
G re
duct
ion
[t C
O2-
eq/t w
ood]
Wood bioethanol biorefieneryWood polygeneration, con. phenolsWood CHP, gasoline, con. phenolsWood heating, natural gas, gasoline, con. phenolsFossil reference system
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Your Questions on
Biorefinery Status Austria
Die Teilnahme an den Tasks in IEA Bioenergy wird finanziert vomBundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie / Abteilung für Energie- und Umwelttechnologien.
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 1
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
Biorefinery Status 2009 Denmark
Henning JørgensenUniversity of Copenhagen, [email protected]
Ioannis SkiadasCopenhagen Institute of Technology, [email protected]
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 2
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
1. National Policy Aspects (1)Danish Energy Plan 2025
• Renewable energy to cover 30 % of energy in 2025 = 2-fold of present
• Renewable biofuels for the transportation sector
• 5,75% by 2010
• 10% by 2020
• Full scale demonstration plant for 2nd generation biofuelready in 2010
• Energy development and demonstration program (EUDP) 2007-2010
• 100 € in total
• 25 mio. € dedicated for 2nd generation biofuel
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 3
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
1. National Policy Aspects (2)• No tax incentive to blend ethanol in gasoline or use of
biodiesel
• Proposed law about mandatory blending of 5.75 biofuel by 2010
• Statoil only company offering E5 (Bio95) on the Danish marked (Since May 2006)
• In 2006 the bioethanol consumption was 0.151 PJ (56.000 tons) out of total diesel and gasoline consumption 174.4 PJ
• All bioethanol imported – mainly from Brazil
• Biodiesel (B20 - from animal fat) as a test in the city of Århus
• In 2006 the Danish export of biodiesel (mainly rapeseed) was 3.7 PJ (100.000 tons)
• Strong political resistance against 1st generation biofuel
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 4
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
2. Running Commercial Biorefineries (selection)Two larger plants for biodiesel production:
• Emmelev Mølle (1st generation)
• Operating since 1992
• Production capacity around 100.000 tons/yr
• Feedstock rape seed
• All for export
• Daka Biodiesel (2nd generation)
• Operating since beginning 2008
• Production capacity 55.000 l/yr
• Feedstock slaughter house waste
• Some of the production used in test in Århus and rest exported
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 5
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3. Pilot and Demo Facilities (selection)
• Inbicon Pilot Plant in Skærbæk
• 100 kg/hr pretreatment optimisation,
hydrolysis and fermentation
• 1000 kg/hr pretreatment for mechanical testing/development
• Biogasol Pilot Plant
• 150 kg/d pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 6
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. R&D Activities (selection)
• High Technology Platform project – 2nd generation biofuels –DTU, KU, Risø, DONG Energy, Novozymes, Biogasol, HaldorTopsoe Fuel Cells, Statoil – 2.9 mio. €
• Biorefinery project – DTU, SDU, AU, Novozymes – 1.6 mio. €
• Renescience – waste to fuel and energy – DONG Energy, KU, DTU, Novozymes, Haldor Topsoe, Amager Forbrændingen – 4 mio. €
• BioRef - Development of a biorefinery concept using selected biomasses for an integrated production of biofuels, biochemicals, antibiotics, and additives to food and feedstocks- AAU, KU, Biogasol, Biotest, Solum – 2.3 mio. €
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 7
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. Major National Stakeholders (1)
Universities
• KU (University of Copenhagen)
• Biomass production, harvesting and logistics, plant biotechnology, conversion technologies, enzymatic hydrolysis, LCA
• DTU (Technical University of Denmark) and Risø National Laboratory
• Conversion technologies, enzymes, hydrolysis, fermentation processes and microorganisms, biogas, biohydrogen, LCA
• AAU (Aalborg University)
• Conversion technologies, physicochemical pretreatment, enzymes discovery, hydrolysis, fermentation technology, microbes (archea, bacteria and fungi), biogas, biohydrogen
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 8
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. Major National Stakeholders (2)Industries
• DONG Energy/Inbicon (IBUS process)
• Power, energy, oil and gas production, development of technologies for 2nd generation biofuels, pilot plant for 2nd generation biofuels, constructing demonstration plant
• Biogasol (Maxifuel process)
• Development of technologies for 2nd generation biofuel, biogas, hydrogen, anaerobic thermophilic bacteria, pilot plant for Maxifuelprocess, planning demonstration plant
• Terranol
• Development of yeast for 2nd generation biofuel
• Novozymes
• Enzymes
• Genencor/Danisco
• Enzymes
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 9
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
6. National Co-operation / Knowledge Dissemination Structures
National networks
• CBMI (Center for Bioenergy and Environmental Technology Innovation )
• Partners: University of Aarhus, Agro Business Park A/S, RisøDTU, AgroTech, Engineering College of Aarhus, Technological Institute
• Partnership for biofuels
• Inbicon A/S, Aalborg University, Danisco A/S, Novozymes A/S, Statoil A/S, Biogasol, Solum Group, Landbrugsraadet, AgroTech
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 10
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case - Inbicon
• Pilot plant facilities in Skærbæk, Denmark
• 100 kg/hr pretreatment optimisation,
hydrolysis and fermentation
• 1000 kg/hr pretreatment for mechanical testing/development
• Demonstration plant under construction in Kalundborg, Denmark
• In operation late 2009
• Capacity 4000 kg/hr – 4300 tons/yr of ethanol
• Have received 10.2 mio € from EUDP
• Total investment around 40 mio €
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 11
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case - Inbicon
Separation
C5 Molasses
Distillation
Ethanol
Yeast
Fibre
Enzymes
Power plant
Steam
Pre-treatment
Straw
Solidbiofuel
FermentationLiquefied fibres
Condensate
Stillageseparation
Liquefaction
Liquid fraction
Evaporation
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 12
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case - Inbicon
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 13
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries7. Biorefinery Case - BornBioFuels
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 14
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries7. Biorefinery Case - BornBioFuels
Biomass
Heat & Power
BioGAS
Solid Fraction
Chemicals
Hydrogen
Fuel
StrawGrasses
Garden wasteetc.
Process energy
Anaerobic Digestion
Pretreatment
C5-Fermentation
Process water
C6-Fermentation
BornBioFuels – demo-scale testingthe world’s leading sustainable bioethanol concept
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 15
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries7. Biorefinery Case - BornBioFuels
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 16
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
8. Links
• Inbicon – www.inbicon.com
• Biogasol – www.biogasol.dk
• Terranol – www.terranol.dk
• Daka Biodiesel – www.dakabiodiesel.dk
• Emmelev Mølle – www.emmelev.dk
• KU – www.ku.dk / Fuel for Life – www.fuel.life.ku.dk
• DTU/Risø – www.dtu.dk
• AAU – www.aau.dk
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 1
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
IEA BIOENERGY
Task 42 Biorefinery
5th Task Meeting
Dublin, Ireland, 25/26 March 2009
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 2
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
Biorefinery Status 2009 AUSTRALIAGraeme Bullock
Chairman, BioIndustry Partners P/L
Adjunct Professor, Institute for Sustainable Resources, Queensland University of Technology
bioindustrypartners.com.au
+617 33970027, cell +61 491655115
Representing Bioenergy Australia and deputising for Prof Gil Garnier - leader of Task 42 in Australia
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 3
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
1. National Policy Aspects
Climate change policies (Biofuels policies; Emissions trading policies; Mandatory renewable electricity target (MRET))
Clean coal policies (carbon sequestration)
Targeted funding schemes as implementation measures
2. State Policy Aspects
More ambitious renewable electricity targets
Mandatory biofuels targets in NSW and soon to be in Queensland
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 4
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
2. Running Commercial Biorefineries
Only conventional facilities for molasses to ethanol, cereal grain to ethanol, and tallow and oilseeds to biodiesel exist in Australia at present.
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 5
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3. Pilot and Demo Facilities
3.1 Bagasse biorefinery – QUT, Syngenta, Mackay Sugar Cooperative Association, Farmacule BioIndustries
• products targeted include ethanol, lignin and lignin derivatives/applications
• process aspects include pre-treatments (alkali, ionic liquids), enzyme hydrolysis, process and energy integration
• feedstocks include GM sugarcane – in plantaexpression of cellulase enzyme complex
• >A$10M funding from Queensland and Australian Governments and commercial participants
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 6
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3. Pilot and Demo Facilities (continued)
3.2 Algae biorefinery – South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI) and collaborators
Pilot plant photobioreactor facility for algae species selection and characterisation
3.3 Ethtec Pty Ltd – Pilot demonstration of strong acid hydrolysis applied to bagasse (Arkenol process) for ethanol and co-products
3.4 Specialised support facilities are being established under NCRIS for fermentative organism development and process optimisation (Macquarie and NSW Universities), and thermal processing of biomass (Sydney U)
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 7
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. R&D Activities (selection)
Genetically modified crops (sugarcane) for biomass/bioenergypurposes (UQ/CSR, QUT/Syngenta/Farmacule)
Lignocellulosic fibre pre-treatments and co-product recovery
Applications of ionic liquids in lignocellulosic fibrefractionation (QUT, MonashU)
Lignin derivation and applications (CRC-SIIB, QUT, UQ)
Algal species characterisation and process conditions development (UMelb, QUT, SARDI, JCU, others)
Heterotrophic micro-organisms characterisation and process conditions development
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 8
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. Major National Stakeholders
Australian government:
• through RIRDC and Bioenergy Australia, and
• government grants schemes
Universities and government research institutions
Australian Sugar Industry
Forest products industry
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 9
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
6. National Co-operation / Knowledge Dissemination Structures
1.National Collaborative R&D Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS)
• Funding for the QUT and SARDI biorefineries as part of their Biofuels initiative under a National Research Priority –Environmentally Sustainable Australia
• Infrastructure must be made available to all-comers (independent steering committee)
2. Cooperative Research Centres
CRC-Sugar Industry Innovation through Biotechnology
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 10
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case
Single product biorefineries are unlikely to be sustainable at the triple bottom line
New production facilities based on new processes building on existing infrastructure with whole-of-site integration of materials and energy, including re-cycle.
Are existing pulp mills, sugar mills and oil refineries the biorefineries of the future?
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 11
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
8. Other Issues
Use of Life Cycle Analysis methods to validate the sustainability claims of renewable products
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 1
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
IEA BIOENERGY
Task 42 Biorefinery
5th Task Meeting
Dublin, Ireland, 25/26 March 2009
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 2
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
Biorefinery Status 2009 GermanyThomas Willke
Institute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering
Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut (vTI):Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries
Bundesallee 50, D-38116 BraunschweigEmail: [email protected] - tel: ++49 (0)531-596-4124
mailto:[email protected]
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 3
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
1. National Policy Aspects:German Targets by 2020 (Meseberg, Aug 2007)Basis: Renewable Energy Directive (RED): 20% RE by 2020
• 18% renewable energy share of final energy consumption(2007: 8,5) - not possible without political measures
• Doubling the share of electricity from CPH up to 25% in 2020• Increase of renewable energy for electricity production to 25-30%
and further expansion by 2030• Regulation of biogas feeding into the grid: 6% substitution of
natural gas by 2020 seems possible• Increase of heat production from renewables to 14%• Increase of biofuel share to 17% energetic (discussion about
climate impact and target adjustment)• Motto: “Demanding and supporting”
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 4
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
1. National Policy Aspects (cont.)• Proposal on biofuels quota 2009 (discussed, decision end of March?)
– 5.25 % in 2009 (previously 6,25%) and 6,25 % (2010-2014)– B-7 Standard (7% biodiesel blend, previously 5%), e.g. additional 0.6
(from 1.5 to 2.1) mln tonnes per year biodiesel can be used (palm-and soy oil included)remark: federal government originally planned exclusion due to doubts over their sustainability, but proposal was rejected by EC
– energy tax B-100 from € 0.15 to € 0.21 in Jan 2009, but proposal of reduction to € 0.18 is discussed (due to mineral oil price decline)
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 5
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
1. National Policy Aspects (cont.)Other criteria (“sustainability”, see EU renewable energy directive):• Nature conservation
– protection of soil, water and air– carbon balance, nutrient recycle– no crop growing on virgin forest, wetland, peat,...
• Social aspects, development of rural areas• Competition between food and energy
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 6
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
2. Running Commercial Biorefineries (selection)• Biodiesel plants
– capacity 4,2 mln t/a in 42 plants– feedstock: rapeseed, palm oil, soy
• Ethanol plants– capacity : 900 mln litres = 700,000 t/a in 9 plants, output 2008: 815 mln litres– feedstock: 50 % grain, 30 % sugar, rest non agricultural
• Südzucker, Mannheim, Leading sugar-refinery in Europe– palatinose, Food-additives, from grain and sugar, business volume: 5,8 bln € (2008)– byproducts, biogas, feed– own logistics, water recycle, energy/steam recycle
• CropEnergies (Zeitz, Wanze-Belgium)– 2009/2010 bioethanol production capacity > 700 mln (550,000 t) per year– feedstock: sugar and grain– byproducts: DDGS, electricity
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 7
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
2. Running Commercial Biorefineries (selection) cont.• Zellstoff Stendal (Mercer Int.), largest and most modern pulp mill in Europe
– cellulose from wood 570,000 t/a (paper, tissue)– byproducts: NBSK-Pulp*, tall oil, methanol, turpentine, electricity, process steam– own logistic, water and energy recovery, waste recycling
• Choren, Freiberg– BTL from wood, byproducts: naphta, heat, steam, electricity– beta plant 18 mln litres/a, commissioned in 2008– commercial sigma plant 270 mln litres/a, under design)
• Biowert Ind., Brensbach– Green Biorefinery: Production of insulation material, biocomposites from grasses (5000 t/a– byproducts: Proteins, liquid fertilizer, biogas > Electricity
• Emsland-Stärke, Wietzendorf– whole crop biorefinery: food, textile, paper, adhesives from potato (1,6 mln t/a)– byproducts: biogas, electricity– logistics, water/energy- recycling
*Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft pulp
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 8
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3. Pilot and Demo Facilities (selection)• Potsdam-ATB: Lactic acid from rye (pilot, 10 t/a)
– funded by BMELV, state of Brandenburg and EU (EFRE)• Brandenburg-Havelland (demo, 30,000 t/a)
– whole crop utilisation, Lactic acid from grass; amino acids, fodder, zero-waste concept
– Funded by BMU• Potsdam/Iceland: Ethanol from Lignocellulose (demo)
– Biomass (20,000 t/a) to Ethanol 7 mln l/a– Acid hydrolysis, German technology
• Biomass to Liquid - BTL (demo)– joint project between plant manufacturer Lurgi (100% subsidiary of Air-Liquide) and
Technology Institute Karlsruhe (TIK)– feedstock: straw– costs € 25 mln (25% each Lurgi and TIK, remaining 50% by funding programme of
BMELV/FNR– commissioning of gasifier in 2011
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 9
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. R&D Activities (selection)• BMELV-FNR (www.fnr.de), project excecuting organization of BMELV,
Budget 50 mln €/a– research programme “Renewable Resources”– market introduction programmes– bioenergy demonstration projects
• BMBF (www.bmbf.de) Budget 2008-2013: about 200 mln €– BioEnergie2021: “Research on utilization of biomass” 2008-2013, 50 mln €– IG-Biotech: German Indonesian cooperation - palm-oil refinery, use of crude glycerol
for chemical intermediates (1,3-PDO, HPA)– Biorefinery cluster middle east (100 mln €)– competence Network Agro-Research (40 mln €)
• BMU (www.bmu.de) Budget 2008: about 100 Mio €– promotion and funding of environmental technologies, renewable energy, climate
change, ... • BMWi (www.bmwi.de)
– CHP-technologies– energy saving, - recycling, - efficiency
http://www.fnr.de/http://www.bmbf.de/http://www.bmu.de/http://www.bmwi.de/
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 10
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. R&D Activities (selection) cont.• DBU (www.dbu.de)
– promotion and funding of innovative and environmental projects (technologies, recycling, depollution, power production, energy efficiency, ...
• DECHEMA (www.dechema.de) – project-coordination: lignocellulose biorefinery– SusChem: Sustainable Chemistry
• vTI (www.vti.bund.de)– research on material utilization from Renewable Resources (chemicals and materials from
agriculture– investigation of whole chain from agriculture to marketable products incl. economics)
• German BiomassResearchCentre (DBFZ)-Leipzig (www.dbfz.de)– research on energy recovery of biomass (bioenergy, biogas, biofuels, combustion, thermo-chemical
processes, feedstock potential, yields, ...)• Center Biorefinery NRW (CEBYN) (www.cef.nrw.de)
– “Bioraffinerie – Produktionssystem des 21. Jahrunderts” (Fraunhofer Umsicht)• Meó-corporate development
– "International Sustainability and Carbon Certification" (ISCC) (www.iscc-project.org)
http://www.dbu.de/http://www.dechema.de/http://www.vti.bund.de/http://www.dbfz.de/http://www.cef.nrw.de/http://www.iscc-project.org/
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 11
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. Major National Stakeholders• Chemical Industry
– Bayer, BASF, Cargill-Dow, Cognis, Degussa-Evonik, Henkel, Südchemie, Wacker• Primary sector (Producer)
– wood, energy plants, grass, starch/sugar, plant-oil, others• Plant manufacturer
– Linde, Uhde, Lurgi, BMA• Automotive Industry
– VW, Daimler, Ford, Opel• Mineral Oil industry
– Shell, BP• Research Institutes
– vTI, ATB, DBFZ, Fraunhofer, Helmholtz, Leibnitz, Universities• Policy, funding
– BMU, BMBF, BMELV, FNR, PTJ, Carmen, dBU, Dechema, Energy Agency NRW• Agriculture-/Forestry-Associations
– UFOP (oil, proteins), DBV (farmers), AGDW (forest owner), DFWR (forestry), DHWR (wood-industry)
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 12
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
6. National Co-operation / Knowledge Dissemination Structures• FNR
– Internet, workshops, conferences, education• dBU
– workshops, education, conferences• Dechema
– Workshops, colloquia, education and training • Biovision 2030 group
– Dow, Fraunhofer ICT, biorefinery.de, BioPos, a.o.)• White Biotechnology
– Dechema, DBU, B.R.A.I.N, DIB/VCI, FBU, ISB, UBA, • ProceesNet-research group: “Rohstoffbasis im Wandel”
– GDCh, DECHEMA, VDI-GVC, DGMK, VCI• Regional biorefinery networks
– “Biorefinery Cluster Middle East” (initiated by BMBF, BMELV, BMU)– “Industriell Biotechnology North” (http://ibnord.de)
http://ibnord.de/
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 13
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical BiorefineryOpening statements to the use of Biomass
• Biomass is the only renewable carbon source!
• Biomass should be used favorably for organic chemicals and fuel
• production instead of electrical power and heat generation!
• Syngas and its main constituent, hydrogen, are key intermediates for synthetic chemistry!
• Synthetic fuels are most promising products!
• Biomass stems from our biosphere – sustainable use!
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 14
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical BiorefineryBiofuels 2nd Generation
• High mass potential by use of complete plants, residues, and energy plants
• High CO2 reduction potential
• No change in motor design
• Use of existing infrastructure
• High quality fuels, lower specific emissions
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 15
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical BiorefineryHurdles in large scale biomass utilization
• Usually low volumetric energy density
• Widely distributed occurrence
• Heterogeneous solid fuels
• High ash and salt contents
• Direct gasification is problematic
• Unfavorable H2:CO ratio after gasification (1:1)
• Downstream syntheses require high pressures
• (Fischer-Tropsch ≈ 30 bar, Methanol, DME ≈ 80 bar)
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 16
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 17
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 18
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 19
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery 1
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case: Thermo-chemical Biorefinery
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 1
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
IEA BIOENERGY
Task 42 Biorefinery
5th Task Meeting
Dublin, Ireland, 25/26 March 2009
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 2
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
Biorefinery Status 2009 The NetherlandsRené van Ree
Head of Department Biomass Pre-treatment and Fibre Technology; Programme Manager Biorefinery
Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR)
Assistant Task Co-ordinator
[email protected]; +31-317-480710
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
0. National Energy-related Policy GoalsPolicy goals: - 9% renewable power production in 2010 - 20% renewable energy in 2020 (10% in 2010)
- Biofuels for transport: EC goals
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
1. Current Biomass Use for Energy in the NL (1)
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
1. Current Biomass Use for Energy in the NL (2)
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
2. LT (2030) Vision Dutch Energy Transition (1)30% fossil fuel use substitution by bio-based alternatives both
for energetic (power, heat, CHP) and non-energetic (chemicals, materials) applications
Assumed overall energy use: 3000 PJth (comparable to 2000)
850 PJth, affu will require about 1200 PJth raw biomass or 80 Mt d.b. a year
Projection Dutch biomass availability in 2030: 6 Mt d.b. primary byproducts/residues (100 PJth) 12 Mt d.b. secondary byproducts (200 PJth) 0-9 Mt d.b. energy crops (0-150 PJth) ? Aquaric biomass
About half of the BM required has to be imported !
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
2. LT (2030) Vision Dutch Energy Transition (2)
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3. Dutch Biorefinery Initiative (DBI)
A coherent national Biorefinery Research, Development and Demonstration (RD&D) Programme within a European framework
Summary
- 7 year (2009-2015) market orientated RD&D Programme
- Framework: specific Dutch biorefinery strengths (“Moonshots”)
- Demonstration Support, Applied Research and Fundamental Research
- Stakeholders involved: industry, KIS (institutes and universities), GOs, NGOs, others; initiators: WUR and ECN
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 9
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3.1 DBI Starting Points
Ambitions BbE Programme Ambition DBI
• 25% value EU BbPs through NL in 2025
• 30% fossil resources subsitution in NL for both sustainable non-energetic and energetic applications in 2030
To Develop and Demonstrate Sustainable Biorefinery Chains
for Bio-based Products and Bio-energy to feed the Dutch
and European BbE
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3.2 Biorefinery DefinitionBiorefining is the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable Bio-based Products (food, feed,
materials, chemicals) and Energy (biofuels, power and/or heat) [IEA Bioenergy Task 42]
Very broad area -> focus for NL necessary -> selection based on SWOT
-> Vision DBI
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3.3 Results SWOT Analysis – Biorefinery for the NLThe SWOT-analysis was performed in 2007 together with a variety of (industrial) stakeholders within the Biorefinery.nl framework.
Specific strengths for the Netherlands
• Advantageous geographical position in the European market (NL as port of Europe)
• Available logistical infrastructure (harbours) already used to handle large raw material fluxes (incl. biomass)
• Strong economic agro-food/feed, chemical and energy sectors situated relatively closeto each other
• Biorefinery is already relatively well developed in the food sector
• Strong Bio-based Knowledge Infrastructure (universities and institutes)
• Strong in White biotechnology, Catalysis, Machine building and Plant Breeding
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3.4 Biorefinery Moonshots (1)1. Large-scale Biorefinery of
imported biomass and biomass-derived intermediates at Dutch harbour sites (making use of the existing logistical and chemical strengths). Examples: Bioports R’dam, Eems, Terneuzen, …..
2. Small/Medium-scale Biorefinery of specific Dutch crops (making use of the existing agro-, chemical and plant breeding strengths) Examples: beets, grass, maize, …..
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3.4 Biorefinery Moonshots (2)
4. Biorefinery based on the valorisation of waste streams – multi-industrial and intersectoral approach (making use of the strong economic agro-food/feed, chemical and energy industries situated relatively close to each other) Examples: Biorefinery Cluster North NL, ……
3. Biorefinery of aquatic biomass(making use of the specific Dutch expertise on algae production and process development) Examples: WUR-initiatives, Akzo Nobel initiative, …..
White Biotechnology for non-food aplications is part of all Moonshots shown.
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3.5 DBI Vision 2015 and BeyondDevelopment , Demonstration
and Implementation
of Sustainable Biorefinery Chains for Bio-based Products
and Bio-energy to feed the
Dutch and
European BbE
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3.6 DBI Pilots / DemosSupport of pilots/demos specified by stakeholder consortia within the
Vision framework (potential examples)
M1.1) Thermo-chemical Biorefinery (syngas platform)M1.2) Valorization of biofuel residuesM2.1) Whole Crop (Sugar Beet) BiorefineryM2.2) Green (Grass) BiorefineryM3.1) Micro Algae BiorefineryM3.2) Macro Algae (Seaweeds) BiorefineryM4.1) Food Residues (undefined streams) BiorefineryM4.2) Crop Residues (defined streams) Biorefinery…..…..
Moonshots
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3.6 DBI RD&D ProgrammeCommon thematic framework for both applied and fundamental
research
1. Valorisation of residues, (new non-food) crops, and aquatic biomass
2. Pre-treatment & primary refinery3. Secondary (bio)chemical & thermochemical refinery4. Full technical, logistical, socio-economic and ecological chain
aspects5. Transition aspects
Moonshots
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3.7 Stakeholders (1)
Participants:
• Industry: members consortia market initiatives “Moonshots” (pilots/demos) and a variety of other industrial stakeholders (see next slide)
• KIS: - institutes: WUR, ECN
- universities: WUR, TUD, RUG, UT
• GOs: ministries (LNV, EZ, VROM), SenterNovem, Staatsbosbeheer, …..
• NGOs: WWF, Natuur & Milieu, …..
• Others: Roland Berger, LTO, branche organisations, …..
Initiators: WUR & ECN
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3.7 Stakeholders (2)Port of
RotterdamArizona
ChemicalCourage “Corus”
DOW Benelux Avebe Argos Oil KCPK/VNP/Bumaga
Akzo Cosun Ten Kate Vetten
Groningen Seaports
NOM ADM Van Ganzewinkel
Shell
Akzo Agrologistiek Ingrepo Bayer
Aker Kvaerner Beethanol DSM Biofuel B.V.
Eneco CCL/Cehave Sabic Europe Grontmij
Meneba BASF Essent Deltalinqs
Avantium HVC Alkmaar Unilever Purac
Albermarle Rosendaal Bioenergy
Cargill BIOeCON
Industrial stakeholders that
have shown interest in a
national RD&D initiative on Biorefinery -
no official commitment yet
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3.8 Knowledge Import and DisseminationNational knowledge dissemination platform:
• Dutch Knowledge Network on Biorefinery (WUR/ECN)
www.Biorefinery.nl
European knowledge import and dissemination platforms:
• EC Technology Platforms (a.o. Suschem TP, Biofuels TP, Forest-based TP), EC-projects (variety)
International knowledge import and dissemination platform:
• IEA Bioenergy Task 42 “Biorefinery” (WUR/Avantium)
http://www.biorefinery.nl/
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 20
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries3.
9 D
BI T
imef
ram
e
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 1
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
IEA BIOENERGY
Task 42 Biorefinery
5th Task Meeting
Dublin, Ireland, 25/26 March 2009
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 2
IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
Biorefinery Status 2009 - FranceLéonard BONIFACE / [email protected]
ADEME
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
1. National Policy Aspects
•Renewable energy 2020 : 23%•Biofuels 2010 : 7% 2015 : 10%
2006 2020
Renewable energy 17 Mtoe
Of which Biomass 10.2 Mtoe 20-25 Mtoe
Solid fuel 9.5 Mtoe 19 Mtoe
0.7 Mtoe
37 Mtoe (23%)
Biofuel 4 Mtoe
+ 20
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
2. Running Commercial Biorefineries (selection)
Company Feedstock Products Description
Novance (PROLEA)… Vegetable oil Oleochemistry for non-food markets
Production of solvents, lubricants, biodiesel,
resins
DRT… Terpen, resinschemicals from paper and
pulp industry by-products
Resin, gum rosin, resin, fine chemicals, tall oil
derivatives, surfactants
Roquette, Syral… Wheat, potato, maize, pea
Starch, food, feed, bulk and fine chemicals, succinic acid,
ethanol…
Physical, chemical and fermentation processes
ARD, Cristal Union, Téréos, Chamtor… Wheat, sugar beet,
Food, feed, ethanol, succinic acid,
cosmetics, electricity
Physical, chemical and fermentation processes
Tembec, Smurfit… WoodCellulose, paper, tall oil,
lignosulfonates, electricity, steam
Production of products and energy from
wood
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
3. Pilot and Demo Facilities (selection)
• Futurol (planned): Pilot plant for the production of cellulosic ethanol on the existing sugar-beet and wheat biorefining site of Bazancourt
• Solvay: Production of epichlorhydrin from glycerin (10 kt/y)
• SICA Atlantique: Pilot plant for the production of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE). MULTIVAL process. (10 kt/y)
•A call for proposal has been launched by ADEME for expermimentaldemonstration plants for the production of 2G biofuels by thermochemicalconversion. The submitted projects are currently evaluated.
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. R&D Activities (selection)Roquette : The BioHub® program aims at getting the most out of agricultural resources by developing new chemical and biochemical processes to synthesize chemical products from Isosorbide. Investment: € 90 million over seven years.13 Industrial and research partners.Location: Lestrem
Soufflet : Osiris project. Development of Biofuels, Food feed and biological crop protection products from cereals. Investment: € 77 millions over eight years.Location: Nogent sur Seine
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
4. R&D Activities (selection)Governmental organizations
SME Innovation Agency
National Research Agency
French Environment and Energy Management Agency
DG CIS
State-owned research institutes
CNRS National center for scientific research
INRA National Institute for agronomic research
IFP French petroleum institute
CEA French Atomic Energy Commission
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
5. Major National StakeholdersCompaniesBiomass refiners : Roquette, Syral, Soufflet, DRT, Unigrains, Cristal Union, Tembec, Téréos, Tembec…
Chemical companies: Rhodia, Arkema, Seppic (Air liquide), Total, Solvay, ARD, BASF, Cognis,
Others (start-ups, biotechs..) : Metabolic explorer, Proteus, Lesaffre…
Feedstock producers unionsCGB (sugar beet),
Proléa (oil seeds),
AGPM (Maïze),
AGPB (wheat)
…
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
6. National Co-operation / Knowledge Dissemination Structures
• Association chimie du végétal (biobased chemistry association)
• ADEME
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries
7. Biorefinery Case:
the whole crop biorefinery
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IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries, Meeting Task with national Irish Stakeholders, Dublin, Ireland, 25 March 2009 11
Starch Biorefinery
Cyclodextrines
PHB, PHA
Native starch
Modifiedstarch
Ethanol
Fermentation,Distillation
Dehydration Saccharification
Straw / Stover
Energy
Feed
Biobased materials, surfactants
Starch milk
Wet separation, centrifugation
mecanicpretreatment (wheat)
Crop
Hydrolyse
Glycols
PU
Sorbitol
Maltitol, Mannitol, Xylitol, Arabitol,
Erythritol …
PTTPropanediol 1,3
HydrogenationFermentation
THF, BDOGBL
AcrylatesMalic,
fumaric,Itaconic
ac.,FDCA
MTHF DALA
Diphénolic ac.
PLA
PBT, PTEMG
Ethyllactate
Fermentation (cellulose)
Glucuronic ac.glucaric ac.Adipic ac.Aspartic .
Citric ac.Gluconic ac.
Érythorbic ac.oxalic ac.
Glutamic ac.Lysine
Threonine
Organicacids
Levulinicac.
Lacticacid Succinic
ac.3-hydroxy-
propionic ac.
PBS
Glucose
PVP
Bioplastics
Biobased materials from the whole plant (maïze)
Isosorbidenitrate
Composite materials
Biofuels
Germ IAA
PaperIndustry Pharmaceticalss,
cosmétics, textile, adhesive, …
Feed
Stover
Bakery, IAA
Plastic films
Pharmaceticals, others
phrmaceticals
Ascorbicac. Polymeradditives
Sorbitanesters
Surfactants
AlkylpolyglucosidesSurfactants
SolvantsSolvants, Antifreeze
PG
IAASolvants, Antifreeze
Cosmétics
polyols Polyethers
Bran
Gluten
Isosorbide
Pharmaceticals, Cosmétics
Solvants
isosorbideDi-méthyl
Glucose Syrup Fructose chemistryFructose
Wheat or Maïze
Seeds, water, fertilizers, fuel, ..
Energy
Roquette: BioHubproject
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Developing grass for sustainable renewable energy generation and value-added products
DAFF Research Stimulus Fund Programme (07 557)
GreenGrass
IEA Task 42 Biorefineries 25/3/09Joe McEniry, Teagasc Grange
http://www.ucc.ie/en/
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GreenGrass - project background
4.28 M ha of land → 91 % grassland
~ 97 % total ruminant feed - most important agricultural crop in Ireland
Low farm incomes
Diversion of grass → Energy production
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Project background
Grass has potential as an Energy crop- perennial, high yielding & low Energy input- production practices well understood
Energy production- one of the most fuel import dependent countries in EU
Environment- high yield with low environmental pressures
Agricultural sustainability- divert production from static food market
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GreenGrass - project outlineAgronomy & ensiling
Silage
Fractionation
Press cake Press juice
Biobased materials
Anaerobic digestion
Biogas
+/- Hydrolytic pre-treatment
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Agronomy & ensilingPhysical & chemical composition of grasses & clover
- alternative opportunities for non-agricultural uses- biomass feedstock
Stage of maturity
N fertiliser
Ensilage- year round availability
Teagasc Grange
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Fractionation & fibre characterisation
Wet fractionation- separate cell contents from cell wall structure
Press-juice → biogas- anaerobic digestion
Teagasc Grange
Press-cake → biobased material- grass fibre characterisation- potential applications?
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Digester design
Nizami & Murphy (2009) What is the optimal digester configuration for producing grass biomethane? Renewable Energy (in review)
University College Cork
Option 1Sequential batch leach bed reactors coupled with UASB6 parallel leach bedsCommon leachate tankBiogas collected over UASB
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Digester design
Option 2Two stage wet continuous systemGrass/silage macerated & diluted Biogas collected over both CSTR
University College Cork
Options 3 & 4 ……
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Anaerobic digestion
Potential biogas production/unit crop
Compare digesters
Optimal configuration for silage feedstocks - temperature, pH, hydraulic retention time etc.
University College Cork
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Hydrolytic pre-treatmentHydrolysis step → rate-limiting step
Pre-treatment- physical, chemical etc. - open cellular structure to microbial action - reduce retention time- enhance biogas production → improved energy return
Methane production potential +/- hydrolytic pre-treatment- costs & benefits
Questor Centre, Q.U.B.
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Project outcome
Optimal grass utilisation strategy- 3 options: direct digestion, separation & hydrolytic pre-treatment- costs & benefits
Scoring matrices- Energy usage & net energy production- Financial return- Environmental & developmental sustainability
Platform for future research into the exploitation of the economic potential of grasslands