IDP Report

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Nowadays, the energy demand is increasing due to the rapid growth of population. This isa serious problem since it gives a big impact to the environment. Therefore, we areproposing a system that can save the energy with best performance. In this project, we usedPIR sensor which is a sensor that can detect a movement and temperature sensor withArduino, both of the sensors will play a main role in this project. When there are people ina room, all the electrical system will be functioning otherwise it will automatically turn offwhereas the temperature sensor controls the fan and air conditioning based on the roomtemperature. If the temperature is above 27°C, the air conditioning will automatically turnon while below 27°C, the fan is used. These utilities can be saved by implementing ourproposed system.

Transcript of IDP Report

  • ENERGY SAVING ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

    ECE4100 INTEGRATED DESIGN PROJECT

    GROUP B1

    SAVE CORPORATION

    TAYSEER MOHAMMED HASAN (1011746)

    NUSAIBAH BINTI ZAWAWI (1121162)

    NURUL NAJWA BINTI KHAMIS (1126458)

    NURUL EZZAH BINTI ROSDIN (1218468)

    FARHAH FAKHIRA BINTI SUHNI@HUSNI (1123594)

    SUPERVISED BY

    DR. KHAIRUL AZAMI BIN SIDEK

    ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

    INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA

    MAY 2015

  • RESULT OF TURN IT IN

  • ii

    ABSTRACT

    Nowadays, the energy demand is increasing due to the rapid growth of population. This is

    a serious problem since it gives a big impact to the environment. Therefore, we are

    proposing a system that can save the energy with best performance. In this project, we used

    PIR sensor which is a sensor that can detect a movement and temperature sensor with

    Arduino, both of the sensors will play a main role in this project. When there are people in

    a room, all the electrical system will be functioning otherwise it will automatically turn off

    whereas the temperature sensor controls the fan and air conditioning based on the room

    temperature. If the temperature is above 27C, the air conditioning will automatically turn

    on while below 27C, the fan is used. These utilities can be saved by implementing our

    proposed system.

  • iii

    DECLARATION

    We hereby declare that this report contains only work completed by members of our group

    except for information obtained in a legitimate way from literature, company, or university

    sources. All information from these other sources has been duly referenced and

    acknowledged in accordance with the university policy on plagiarism. The next page

    shows the first page of Turnitin Report which is below 25% of similarity index.

    Furthermore, we declare that in completing the project, the individual group members had

    the following responsibilities and contributed in the following proportions to the final

    outcomes of the project:

    Name Matric

    No Responsibility

    %

    Contributed Signature

    Tayseer Mohammed

    Hassan

    1011746

    Nusaibah Binti Zawawi 1121162

    Nurul Ezzah Binti

    Rosdin

    1218468

    Nurul Najwa Binti

    Khamis

    1126458

    Farhah Fakhira Binti

    Suhni@Husni

    1123594

  • 1

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

    First and foremost, we praise the Almighty Allah for giving us the chance and

    strength to complete this project.

    Secondly, it was the great privilege to work under our qualified supervisors and we

    especially would like to convey our sincerest gratitude to our supervisor, Dr.Khairul Azami

    Bin Sidek for his constant supervision, support and encouragement for conducting our

    project. This project has been success because of his support, encouragement, and

    invaluable suggestion.

    Next, our appreciation and thanks also go to our course coordinator, Dr. Amelia

    Azman Wong for her support, insightful advice, comments on our work, and invaluable

    assistance.

    Last but not least, our parents who have supported us throughout of our lives and

    guided us to the right path. We also want to thanks to the fellow classmates and colleagues

    who willing to work together and assists us at various circumstances.

  • 2

    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    Abstract .................................................................................................................... ii

    Declaration............................................................................................................... iii

    Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 1

    LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................. 4

    LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. 5

    CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................ 6

    INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 6

    1.1 Background.6

    1.2 Motivation...6

    1.3 Problem statement...7

    1.4 Objectives8

    1.5 Methodology...8

    1.6 Limitation and Assumptions...9

    1.7 Report outline.9

    CHAPTER TWO ..................................................................................................... 10

    LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................ 10

    2.1 Introduction.10

    2.2 Research done in UMP Lecture Halls.11

    2.3 Research done Sri Sai Ram Engineering College, Chennai, India.12

    2.4 Summary.14

    CHAPTER 3 ............................................................................................................ 15

    METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................. 15

    3.1 Introduction.15

    3.2 Component lists..16

    3.2.1 Arduino UNO..16

    3.2.2 PIR sensor17

    3.2.3 LED lights....17

    3.2.4 Humidity and temperature sensor18

    3.2.5 DC motors....18

    3.2.6 Relay18

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    3.2.7 Rechargeable battery19

    3.3 Software used..19

    3.4 Workflow20

    3.5 Methodology...21

    3.5.1 Gantt chart21

    3.5.2 Method purpose22

    CHAPTER FOUR ................................................................................................... 25

    ANALYSIS AND RESULT .................................................................................... 25

    4.1 Introduction.25

    4.2 Performance measure..25

    4.3 Economically analysis.27

    4.4 Ethical, health and safety analysis...28

    4.5 Environment and sustainability analysis.29

    CHAPTER 5 ............................................................................................................ 31

    CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK ................................................................ 31

    5.1 Conclusion..31

    5.2 Future work.31

    REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 32

    APPENDIX A ......................................................................................................... 33

    THE OVERALL CODING ..................................................................................... 33

    APPENDIX B .......................................................................................................... 37

    SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES .............................................................................. 37

  • 4

    LIST OF TABLES

    Table 2.1 Potential Energy savings 11

    Table 2.2 Results of energy saved after using the system. 13

    Table 3.1 Equipment lists and its specifications.......... 16

    Table 4.1 Cost of product.. 27

  • 5

    LIST OF FIGURES

    Figure 3.1 Arduino UNO 16

    Figure 3.2 PIR sensor. 17

    Figure 3.3 LED lights. 17

    Figure 3.4 DHT11 Humidity and temperature sensor.... 18

    Figure 3.5 DC motors. 18

    Figure 3.6 Relay. 18

    Figure 3.7 Rechargeable battery. 19

    Figure 3.8 Flow chart the projects steps.. 20

    Figure 3.9 Gantt chart 21

    Figure 3.10 The first part of coding for all components22

    Figure 3.11 The second part of coding for all components.. 22

    Figure 3.12 The third part of coding for all components. 23

    Figure 3.13 The fourth part of coding for all components... 23

    Figure 3.14 The output when PIR sensor detect any movement.. 24

    Figure 4.1 The chart shows the number of people answered the questions 26

  • 6

    CHAPTER 1

    INTRODUCTION

    1.1 BACKGROUND

    Nowadays, most of the people do not realize that they have consumed too much

    energy that can give bad effects to us. Conserving energy is not just about saving on our

    electricity cost. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

    state that, given the current trends, energy related emissions will increase by 70 percent by

    2050. It can cause the acceleration of the negative consequences of climate change,

    including higher temperatures and a rise in the frequency of extreme weather.

    The most often we do in our daily life is we keep devices plugged in and running

    when they are not in use, besides that, we leave our room without switch off the electrical

    system, the result is an increase in electrical use. This causes an increase in our carbon

    footprint. Therefore, in this project, we will develop a technology that can save the

    electrical energy and also help to save the cost of electrical expenses that is called energy

    saving electrical control systems.

    1.2 MOTIVATION

    Lately, the energy usage in our daily life keeps increasing because of the

    negligence of people. Most of people are not taking any consideration about the serious

    negative effects of wasting so much energy to themselves and to the environment.

    Therefore, our company not only aims to produce a low cost product but to spread the

    awareness of conserving energy among people by providing them the energy saving

    electrical system.

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    1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

    When looking for ways to save money and energy, we might not think to

    look into home automation. In the past, the term smart home conjured up images of

    expensive home improvements and high-tech gadgets. However, with the emergence of

    new wireless technology and more companies providing these products, these systems are

    now more affordable than ever. Additionally, they do not require any major renovations to

    our home and will actually start saving us money and energy on our utilities costs. In fact,

    the savings well realize in just a few years can pay for our whole smart home system.

    Motion sensors can control the lights and appliances in our home. This will help

    lower utility costs by ensuring the lights, air conditioners or fans are turned off when no

    one is in the room. This way the unoccupied rooms and areas are not being cooled or

    lighted unnecessarily. Motion sensors in the room can start up and stop our heating and

    cooling system to decrease the amount of wasted energy. Thus, we arent paying for the

    energy that is normally consumed when lights and appliances are mistakenly left on while

    you are not home. Moreover, being aware of the optimal times to run our electrical

    appliances can save us a bundle. We can set power timers to run appliances like air

    conditioners and exhaust fans at optimal times, and have them automatically turned off at

    set times to avoid wasted energy.

    In this project, motion sensors are used to detect the presence of a person so that if

    the person in the room, the light, air condition or fan will be switched on, otherwise, after a

    specific time every appliance will be switched off.

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    1.4 OBJECTIVES

    The objectives of this project are:

    To conserve energy with low cost and affordable system.

    To learn how to construct a smart system using basic components like PIR

    sensors, temperature sensors and Arduino.

    To spread awareness of conserving energy among people through this product.

    1.5 METHODOLOGY

    There are few steps that have been made in order to produce our product successfully.

    1. Project planning

    The first thing is done in this step is doing some research about the topic and

    collecting some information. Then, the components needed for constructing the

    product are decided.

    2. System development

    When all components are fetched and ready to be used, we started constructing the

    circuit in three steps. The first step is constructing the circuit by connecting all

    components and proceeds with the coding. Then, the second step is testing the

    circuit and modifying if needed. Lastly, designing the prototype and attaching the

    circuit.

    3. Furnishing

    In this stage, other requirements like conducting a survey, generating website, and

    writing user manual are done.

    4. Writing report

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    1.6 LIMITATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS

    This system is like any other system which has its limitations. One of these

    limitations is that it cant be applied and installed in halls or big rooms since the range of

    coverage for PIR sensor is limited. The other limitation of PIR sensor is that it has low

    sensitivity as it detects the movement of the object after some delay.

    There are a couple of factors that have been assumed and overlooked due to lack of

    resources and time. Firstly, we assumed the room has stable and constant temperature

    which is 27C. If the temperature sensor senses more than this temperature, the air-

    conditioner will be turned on. The other assumption, PIR sensor is placed above the table

    which people usually sit. So, it will detect the movement of people.

    1.7 REPORT OUTLINE

    In this report, there are five main chapters which include all information about this

    project. The first chapter includes introduction of the project, problem statement,

    objectives, motivation, methodology and report outline. Chapter two discusses the

    literature review. Chapter three explains about the design and implementation of the

    project. Chapter four elaborates on the performance of the product, economical and ethical

    issues. The last chapter concludes this report and also future works.

  • 10

    CHAPTER TWO

    LITERATURE REVIEW

    2.1 INTRODUCTION

    Energy saving, in any system, deals with the minimization of energy wastage. To

    achieve this, the efficiency of the individual components and processes of the system needs

    to be improved. Automatic control refers to any controlling mechanism which does not

    require any human intervention. These two aspects are addressed, to some extent, in this

    project. Since everybody cares much on minimization of the energy usage, there are lots of

    papers and researches explaining different methods to achieve this concept and that helped

    us improving our project by referring to them.

    In order to save electrical energy consumption in one room, we can install small

    sensor to control the light, fan and air conditioner. Take one example of a room which is

    the lecturers room. As we know, electrical consumption in one big university can reach

    millions of Ringgit per year. With the help of little invention from this sensor, at least it

    can help to reduce and save the electrical energy.

    Based on a research done in 1997, the energy savings potential by installing sensors

    in rooms are able to save energy calculated as in Table 2.1.

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    Table 2.1 Potential Energy Savings.

    2.2 RESEARCH DONE IN UMP LECTURE HALLS

    One of the researches was held in University Malaysia Pahang (UMP) by

    (NORHA, 2008) which stated that electricity is the one of the important energy in human

    life. The usage of electricity in this world is increasing because we do not have the

    awareness of the importance of electricity. This is the reason of the increasing cost of

    managing, conserving and distributing. This problem also occurs in all university in

    Malaysia. Adding to that, it is noticeable that the level of consumption and wastage of

    energy especially in universitys lecture halls as students are not fully aware of this

    wastage and dont turn off lights and air conditioner and consequently causing the

    university so much money and harming the environment by wasting its resources.

    Therefore, energy saving system is created using PIC microcontroller and Visual Basic V.6

    for interface.

    The system used Visual Basic V.6 to interface with the hardware and the PIR

    motion sensor to detect the body motion of humans. The simple concept is that if the

    sensor detects nobody is in the lecture halls for about 10 minutes and the hall stays empty,

    the lighting system and air conditioner will turn off automatically. However, if within this

    Space Type Saving Potential All

    Hours

    Savings Potential

    Normal Hours

    Savings Potential

    After Hours

    Restroom 64% 20% 44%

    Conference Room 52% 29% 23%

    Private Office 40% 27% 13%

    Break Room 30% 16% 14%

    Classroom 60% 26% 34%

  • 12

    time there are students coming into the lecture hall, the air-conditioner and lighting system

    will reset and continue working. Furthermore, this system has a pre-determine timer. These

    pre-determined times can be changed at Visual Basic (VB 6.0) software which has been

    developed for setting of the control system. Lighting system and air-conditioner will turn

    off automatically at a pre-determined time.

    2.3 RESEARCH DONE SRI SAI RAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE, CHENNAI,

    INDIA

    Another research was conducted in India by some researchers in 2013 entitled

    Automated Intelligent Power Saving System and Security System. This system

    works with the same principle as the one mentioned earlier but with some differences in

    equipment and was applied in wider areas such as libraries, staircases, parking, and

    gardens. Moreover, this system is not only saving energy and power; it is used for security

    as well which make it more reliable to be used.

    The sensor used was PIR sensor and the concept is that when someone enters the

    desired area, his body emits the Infrared energy and so the PIR sensor activates, and

    activates the microcontroller which functions as an energy saving device or a security

    inspection system according to the position of switch in the circuit. If the switch is at

    position 1, the camera views the specified area and generates an alarm indicating that

    someone entered and a message is sent to the nearby station. When the switch is at position

    2, the lamp and fan may be ON or OFF.

    The components used to build this system were PIR sensor to detect motion and

    body energy, Transistor which was used for amplification and switching, Relay which is

    an electrically operated switch used to control a circuit by a low-power signal, GSM

    module which allows user to directly interface with 5V Microcontroller, ATMEL

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    AT89S52 Microcontroller which is high-performance, low-power CMOS 8-bit

    microcontroller with 8Kbytes of in-system programmable Flash memory, and DPDT

    Switch which used in situations where there is a need for two different outputs.

    Therefore, when applied for a staircase they had the following observation on the

    electricity consumption rate which is shown in Table 2.2 below:

    Table 2.2: Results of energy saved after using the system.

    Thus from the above data it is concluded that Rupees 61.5 is saved in a month when PIR

    sensor is used. Therefore, implement this setup in a large scale then a significant amount of

    total power consumed will be reduced and thereby reducing the cost of electricity.

    These articles and researches had the same concepts but different components and

    maybe complicated methods applied to achieve their goal as to save energy and cost.

    However, in our project we will use simpler ways and methods to achieve the same

    concept and apply the system and test it in lecturers room in our university.

  • 14

    2.4 SUMMARY

    As a company with the aim to help people to save electrical energy, we provide a

    sensor with variety function as well. By using not really expensive components, our

    customers are able to save their electrical consumption rather than need to pay extra for

    that. If they really care about their electrical consumption per month, they will know and

    see from many sides what else they can save. With the help of these sensors also we can

    save our environment because usually electric is generated from fossil fuels such as coal,

    natural gas and oil. This enhances the greenhouse effect and contributes to global warming.

  • 15

    CHAPTER 3

    METHODOLOGY

    3.1 INTRODUCTION

    Based on this chapter, we discuss about the process how to build and design this

    product. Moreover, the equipment lists have been used for the product is also explained

    here. Initially, we were facing the problems to design this product because there is a lot of

    a step that we need to do for this product. We try to solve it through the discussion among

    us and seeking the advice from the supervisor. At the same time, the lab technician also

    helped us a lot to get the ideas to make our product look more attractive and useful to the

    public. From here, the expected result we gained based on what we decided.

    In order to make this project work smoothly, the objectives of this project must be

    decided first. To come out with the expected result, the flowchart of this project is also

    provided in this chapter. This flowchart briefly explains the procedure of this project and

    makes it simpler to understand the proposed system. The design of this proposed system is

    divided in three sections which are input system, data processing system and the output

    system. For the first section, we used the PIR sensor and temperature sensor as the input

    system. The second part which is data processing will take place in the Arduino UNO to

    interpret and record the data of the all sensors. The last part will be the components of LED

    lights and the DC motors to show the results of this project.

  • 16

    3.2 COMPONENT LISTS

    A few hardware components have been used to build this project. Table 3.1 shows

    the equipment list and its specification of the components.

    Table 3.1: Equipment list and its specification

    No Component lists Specification

    1 PIR sensor PIR motion sensor

    2 Humidity and temperature sensor DHT11

    3 DC Motor L293D

    4 LCD Basic 162 Character LCD

    5 Microcontroller Arduino UNO

    6 Rechargeable battery Brand: Energizer

    7 Relay 12 V relay

    8 LED light Brand: -

    3.2.1 Arduino UNO

    Fig 3.1: Arduino UNO

    Arduino used in this project allows the programmer to create the code in order to perform a

    task for a few hardware components. It will function when it returns the code to the area

    when the function is called. For this product, we connect all the sensors to this Arduino

    because it can be used for multiple coding for a few hardware components in one time.

  • 17

    3.2.2 PIR sensor

    Fig 3.2: PIR sensor

    PIR sensor is the main component of the product for this project. It detects the presence of

    movement when a person is entering a room. When it detects the movements, the light will

    automatically switch on and automatically off when there is no movement after 10

    seconds.

    3.2.3 LED lights

    Fig 3.3: LED lights

    LED is used to represent the light. It will automatically ON when PIR sensor sense a

    movements.

  • 18

    3.2.4 Humidity and temperature sensor

    Fig 3.4: Humidity and temperature sensor

    Humidity and temperature sensor are used to measure the temperature in the surrounding.

    This sensor will determine either to use the fan or air conditioner. For this product, fan and

    air conditioner are represented by using 2 DC motor. In addition, temperature sensor works

    simultaneously with the PIR sensor. Fan or air conditioner will switch on if the light is on

    and vice versa. Programmer set temperature below 27oC for the fan and else for an air

    conditioner.

    3.2.5 DC Motors

    Fig 3.5: DC motor

    We used two DC motor represent fan air conditioner. DC motor used high power; therefore

    we have to add addition power to our circuit.

    3.2.6 Relay

    Fig 3.6: Relay

  • 19

    Relay is an electromagnetic switch which operates in a small current and can turn

    on or off a much electric current. Many sensors produce small electric current and they are

    incredibly sensitive. However, we need them to drive the bigger pieces of equipment that

    use larger current. So, relay makes the small current possible to activate the larger one by

    bridging the gap. It means relay can work as a switch or as an amplifier because it can

    convert the small current into larger current.

    3.2.7 Rechargeable battery

    Fig 3.7: Rechargeable battery

    Rechargeable battery used to supply voltage for this project.

    3.3 SOFTWARE USED

    In this section, we have been used the Arduino UNO, PIR sensor and temperature

    sensor. The input systems which are the PIR sensor and temperature sensor connected to

    the data progressing represented by Arduino UNO. The data transfer from the input system

    to data progressing will be collected and save in the code. The coding has been compiled

    into one command and the output will be show through the LED light and the DC motor in

    this project.

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    3.4 WORKFLOW

    Figure 3.8: Flowchart of the project steps

    Come out with idea and the title of the project

    Do some researches how to develop this project

    Understand the concepts

    Find the all components

    Write the coding for this project

    Construct and design the product

    Compile the code

    PIR sensor, humidity sensor, motor detect the

    coding

    Finish the design

  • 21

    3.5 METHODOLOGY

    3.5.1 Gantt Chart

    The Gantt Chart in Figure 3.9 shows the progress of this project from Week 1 to 14.

    All the group members tried their best to finish their tasks according to this chart. There

    are many things that we learn from this project, for example, we understand the

    responsibilities for each member to do their tasks to produce a good product where the

    cooperation of the team members to build excellent teammates and learn the reality works

    in a one company.

    Figure 3.9: Gantt chart

  • 22

    3.5.2 Method purpose

    Figure 3.10: The first part of coding for all components

    Figure 3.11: The second part of coding for all components

  • 23

    Figure 3.12: The third part of coding for all components

    Figure 3.13: The fourth part of all components

  • 24

    Figure 3.14: The output when PIR sensor detect any movement

  • 25

    CHAPTER FOUR

    INTRODUCTION

    4.1 INTRODUCTION

    In this chapter, we will analyze our overall project. It consists of economically

    analysis, ethical, health, safety, environment and sustainability. The analysis must be based

    on other research, our output project and survey.

    4.2 PERFORMANCE MEASURE

    The performance of this project was measured by distributing survey among

    IIUMs community particularly lecturers and students from Kulliyah of Engineering.

    Fifteen questionnaires were distributed to 15 respondents (lecturers and students) and

    the results were acquired from it. The survey questions aimed to know if people are aware of

    the importance of saving energy and if they are willing to buy a product that reduces the

    energy consumption. A total of five questions were asked. Figure 4.1 below shows the

    number of lecturers and students who answered the questions.

  • 26

    0

    2

    4

    6

    8

    10

    12

    14

    16

    Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

    Nu

    mb

    er o

    f P

    eop

    le

    Number of Questios

    Number of Lecturers & Students Answered the

    Questions

    YES

    NO

    Figure 4.1: The chart shows the number of people answered the questions

    Figure 4.1 illustrates that all of the respondents are aware of the importance of

    saving energy that all of them answered Question 1 with yes. Next, the same number is

    acquired for Question 2 that they agreed on the simplicity of the system provided to them.

    On the other hand, the percentage of the respondents who answered Question 3 and 4 with

    not are less than 20%, they think the price of the product is not cheap and they suggested

    reducing the price from 300 RM to RM 250. Whereas, the other 80% of the respondents

    agreed on the estimated cost and they agree that the product is affordable.

    In a conclusion, this product is one of the alternatives to save electrical

    consumption. Most of people nowadays do not care about the importance of saving energy.

    Sensor used in this product give many benefits which can help to reduce a lot of

    consumption of energy. In addition, it is an affordable system where everyone can have it

    while can save their money in paying electrical bill. Lastly, this product clearly can bring

    benefits to people and very useful in future.

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    4.3 ECONOMICALLY ANALYSIS

    One of the main points of our company is to represent an efficient product with low

    cost and affordable to all people. Even though our client need to spent more at first for

    installation and maintenance purpose, but later on they can save their money on electric

    consumption for at least five years and more. In addition, we are using components that are

    durable for many years and at the same time they are able to install this product at their

    room.

    This product has many advantages. One of them is it can help people in planning

    their economy and reduce the cost of electricity usage. Taking in consideration that saving

    energy and reducing cost are the main concerns of people nowadays. Therefore, they will

    choose to use their money to buy other beneficial things instead of wasting more money on

    high electrical billing. With the help of this product, that save energy, money and

    environment they might be able to reduce their cost of living. Table 2.2 illustrates the

    overall cost in producing this product.

    Table 4.1: Cost of Product.

    Estimation price of product for sell (Mark up price) = RM300.00

    Total profit (Per Unit) = 300-140=RM160

    No Item Description Quantity U/Price Amount

    1 PIR Sensor Module 2 12.50 25.00

    2 DHT 11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor 1 6.05 6.05

    3 Arduino Uno R3 1 58.50 58.50

    4 Miscellaneous (Jumper wires, board and etc) 50.45 50.45

    Total RM140.00

  • 28

    From above calculation, our estimation price is totally affordable and our company

    is able to cover production cost. Total profit per unit RM160 is not that high and not that

    low since every company need to cover expenditure of fixed cost and variable cost.

    4.4 ETHICAL, HEALTH AND SAFETY ANALYSIS

    The designation of the energy saving and electrical control system was done with

    one main objective, to serve the community and to spread the awareness of the importance

    of saving very essential source which is energy by providing the highest quality of services

    in our products to the consumers.

    In order to do so, the respective members of savE Sdn. Bhd. have put a lot of effort

    and fully committed in producing and completing this meaningful product. We had

    followed a set of business practices and ethical standards to maintain a harmony and

    cooperative environment amongst ourselves as to give the best results to our customers.

    Such standards are clarified inside our company contract, which had been pledged during

    our earlier agreement. Maintaining a good relationship with customers and have a clear

    vision and mission for our company are some of our business conduct in applying an

    ethical and honorable manner. Customers had always been our priority in realizing our

    main product.

    The energy saving and electrical control system that we provide to customers

    mainly consists of suitable materials and design that is set prior to the standards of

    contents, which are fulfilled according to the market demand. These procedures are done to

    prevent any inappropriate materials and design that can give be harmful to consumers

    which can bring a bad image to our company. Moreover, we believed that a right

    adjustment to our product can bring satisfaction to people who demanded it. Our concern

    for this saving energy system is that the design should be user-friendly to the public and at

  • 29

    the same time bring convenience to them. Plus, we are focusing on inventing a system that

    is less complex that other related product sells on the market. Such details that we

    prioritized on are the size, the weight and etc.

    Regarding on the health issues, our product is safe in terms of physically and

    mentally conditions. Since this sensor is placed farther from publics reach, we can

    guarantee that consumer can avoid any unfortunate incident, unless there are such

    circumstances. Plus, the product is practically portable in size where as it can be carried

    away with ease. Through this, we can say that the product is our contributions towards

    mankind.

    Our chosen materials are chosen from a proper research made by our development

    team which emphasize on the safety and friendly-user towards public. Thus, some safety

    measures are taken into consideration. Generally, our microcontrollers are placed inside a

    safety box and nailed rightly onto the surface. It will prevent them from lost. Next, the

    sensor is hanged and tied neatly so that movements of a person can be detected easily.

    These procedures showed that whenever any incident happened, it can withhold any

    resistance in order to provide the highest quality of services.

    4.5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS

    As the concept of sustainability becomes increasingly important in todays society,

    this project also has its own way of minimize its impact on environment. By introducing

    our product, the negative impact towards environment can be reduced. First, when this

    system is compared to the traditional way of lighting and air conditioning using switching,

    the energy saving and electrical control system may appear to be more power-efficient.

    The energy saving and electrical control system does not have high power consumption. It

    only uses a voltage of 5 Volts to turn on the Arduino. Other components are powered up by

  • 30

    the Arduino. Therefore, by using this system, we can reduce the electrical usage which can

    diminish the global warming effect.

    Another benefit of this product to the environment comes from the packaging. For

    packaging, we use a cardboard box instead of a hard plastic box. What is environmental

    about this is that a cardboard box can easily be recycled whilst the plastic box cannot be

    recycled. Next, with this the energy saving and electrical control system, we are able to

    reduce some cost. In other words, this system is cost-efficient unlike the traditional way of

    lighting and air conditioning using switching.

    Last but not least, this system is a user-friendly system. It is quite easy to install, let

    alone for users to operate it. There is nothing much for users to do once the energy saving

    and electrical control system is installed.

  • 31

    CHAPTER 5

    CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

    5.1 CONCLUSION

    In a nutshell, the objectives of this project have been successfully achieved. We are

    able to produce an electrical system that saves energy with a low cost by using PIR,

    temperature sensors and Arduino microcontroller. Besides that, this product managed to

    reduce the cost of electricity bill with great performance. This thrifty product is very

    suitable for all levels of people in the society. Other than that, it can give awareness about

    the important of conserving energy.

    5.2 FUTURE WORKS

    Nowadays, our society needs a smart product that can give a lot of benefits both to

    the environment and people themselves. Therefore, our product is very helpful and meets

    the needs of the society. However, our product still has to make an improvement to satisfy

    our clients with new technology. For the future work, we will add solar panel to replace the

    power supply, so the usage of the energy will be slightly decreased.

  • 32

    REFERENCES

    [1] Roslan.N.Y, Energy Saving Control System Application in Lecture Hall, November

    2008.

    [2] S. Prasanna1, A. Logeesan2, A. Raghu3, R. Sabarinathan4 and T.R. Nirmalraja5,

    Automated Intelligent Power Saving System and Security System, ISSN 2231-1297,

    Volume 3, pp. 1167-1176, Number 9 (2013).

    [3] PIR Motion Sensors & Switch, Energy Saving Sensors, Accessed on 20th April 2015,

    http://www.energysavingsensors.com/General-Information1.html

    [4] PIR Sensor In Motion Detection & Identification System, Electronics maker,

    Accessed on 20th

    April 2015, http://electronicsmaker.com/em/admin/pdf/free/SENSOR.pdf

    [5] PIR Motion Sensor, Engineered in NYC Adafruit, Accessed on 30th April 2015,

    https://learn.adafruit.com/pir-passive-infrared-proximity-motion-sensor/how-pirs-work

    [6] Ron Robotics, L293D Motor Driver IC, Accessed on 2nd May 2015,

    http://www.rakeshmondal.info/L293D-Motor-Driver.

  • 33

    APPENDIX A

    THE OVERALLCODING

    int Pir1 = A1; // connect the Pir to pin 2]

    int Relay =A0 ; // connect the relay to pin 3

    int Presence; // a variable to store presence

    //int led = A1; // the pin that the LED is atteched to

    //int sensor = A0; // the pin that the sensor is atteched to

    int motorPin1 = 10;

    int motorPin2= 11;

    #define I1 8 // Control pin 1 for motor 1

    #define I2 9 // Control pin 2 for motor 1

    #define I3 12 // Control pin 1 for motor 2

    #define I4 13 // Control pin 2 for motor 2

    #include "DHT.h"

    #define DHTPIN A2 // what pin we're connected to

    #include

    LiquidCrystal lcd( 2,3,4,5,6,7 );

    #define DHTTYPE DHT11 // DHT 11

    DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

    void setup()

    {

    pinMode(Pir1, INPUT); // set the pir sensor as an input

    //pinMode(Pir2, INPUT);

    pinMode(Relay, OUTPUT); // set the relay as output

    Serial.begin(9600); // initialize serial

    pinMode(motorPin1, OUTPUT);

    pinMode(motorPin2, OUTPUT);

    pinMode(I1, OUTPUT);

    pinMode(I2, OUTPUT);

    pinMode(I3, OUTPUT);

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    pinMode(I4, OUTPUT);

    lcd.begin(16,2);

    while (!Serial);

    dht.begin();

    Serial.println("DHT11 test!");

    }

    void loop()

    {

    Presence = digitalRead (Pir1);

    //Presence = digitalRead (Pir2);

    if (Presence == HIGH) // check if there is a presence

    {

    Serial.println("Motion detected!");

    digitalWrite(Relay, HIGH); // turn on the relay

    digitalWrite(motorPin1, HIGH);

    analogWrite(motorPin1, 153);

    digitalWrite(I1, HIGH);

    digitalWrite(I2, LOW);

    }

    else

    {

    digitalWrite(Relay, LOW); // turn off the relay

    Serial.println("Motion stopped!");

    }

    delay (10); // a delay for stability

    // Wait a few seconds between measurements.

    delay(2000);

    // Reading temperature or humidity takes about 250 milliseconds!

    // Sensor readings may also be up to 2 seconds 'old' (its a very slow sensor)

  • 35

    int h = dht.readHumidity();

    // Read temperature as Celsius

    int t = dht.readTemperature();

    if(t>30 && Presence == HIGH)

    { digitalWrite(motorPin1, LOW);

    analogWrite(motorPin1, 0);

    digitalWrite(motorPin2, HIGH);

    analogWrite(motorPin2, 255);

    digitalWrite(I3, HIGH);

    digitalWrite(I4, LOW);

    }

    else

    { digitalWrite(motorPin2, LOW);

    //digitalWrite(motorPin1, HIGH);

    //analogWrite(motorPin1, 153);

    //digitalWrite(I1, HIGH);

    //digitalWrite(I2, LOW);

    }

    // Check if any reads failed and exit early (to try again).

    if (isnan(h) || isnan(t) )

    {

    Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");

    return;

    }

    // Compute heat index

    // Must send in temp in Fahrenheit!

    // int hi = dht.computeHeatIndex(f, h);

  • 36

    Serial.print("Humidity: ");

    Serial.print(h);

    Serial.print(" %\t");

    Serial.print("Temperature: ");

    Serial.print(t);

    Serial.println(" *C ");

    //Serial.print(f);

    //Serial.print(" *F\t");

    //Serial.print("Heat index: ");

    // Serial.print(hi);

    //Serial.println(" *F");

    lcd.setCursor(0, 0);

    // print from 0 to 9:

    lcd.print("Temp: ");

    lcd.print(t);

    lcd.print("C");

    // set the cursor to (16,1):

    lcd.setCursor(0,1);

    lcd.print("Humidity: ");

    lcd.print(h);

    lcd.print("%");

    // delay(200);

    }

  • 37

    APPENDIX B

    SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES

    Gender:________ Age:___

    Occupation:_____________

    Energy Saving Electrical Control System

    SavE Corporation has created product that named Energy Saving Electrical Control System. Function of this sensor is to save electrical energy in one room. With help from this product, our customer can save electrical energy up to 10-25%. Our target for this

    product is to install it in lecturers room. a) The features of the product as below: Able to turn on the light, air conditioner, and fan if detect any motion and

    present of people.

    Able to turn off the light, air conditioner, and fan when there is nobody in the room.

    Can display the temperature and humidity in a room. If the temperature in a room is becomes higher, this system will automatically

    turn on the air conditioner instead of just using fan.

    b) Cost of the product (Estimation for Kulliyah of Engineering lectures room) : RM300.00

    Based on above explanation of our product, as a client:

    1) Do you think this product can help to reduce electrical power consumption?

    Yes ( ) No ( )

    2) After testing this product, is it possible to install in lecturers room?

    Yes ( ) No ( )

    3) If this product is available in the market, will you buy it?

    Yes ( ) No ( )

    4) Refer to the estimation price, is it affordable?

    Yes ( ) No ( )

    5) From your opinion, what improvement can be done by our company?

    _________________________________________________________________________

    _________________________________________________________________________

    ________________________________________________________________________