Ideological Rationale

• Sir Syed Ahmed Khan•Allama Muhammad Iqbal

•Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Objectives:

By the end of the class you will be able to

• Know about Ideological rationale of Pakistan

• Learn the contribution of different great personalities towards the ideology

• Give the

Ideology

• Science of ideas, visionary speculations, manner of thinking ,characteristic of a class or individual, ideas on the basis of some economic, social or political theory or system is called Ideology. It contains those ideals, which a nation strives to accomplish in order to bring stability to its nationhood. Defining ideology ,George Lewis says:"Ideology is a plan or program which is based upon philosophy".

IMPORTANCE OF IDEOLOGY IN NATIONAL LIFE

• Ideology is a motivating force for a nation, which is striving hard to bring stability and homogeneity to its nation hood.

• Its provide the binding force to the scattered groups in a society and bring them close to each other on a common platform.

• Ideologies impel their adherence to follow a joint linked action for the accomplishment of their goal.

• Ideologies give shape to the revolutions and create new cultures and civilizations.

• They stress on their adherents to insist on the realization of their ideal through total transformation of society.

• An urgent agreement with each other on the ideals is most vital pre-requisite of an ideology.

Ideology of Pakistan

• Pakistan is an Ideological state and the ideology of Pakistan is an Islamic ideology. Its basic principle being:"The only sovereign is Allah".

• a state where the Muslims should have an opportunity to live according to the faith and creed based on the Islamic principles.

• They should have all the resources at the disposal to enhance Islamic culture and civilization .

BASIC POINTS OF IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

1. Ideology of Pakistan is actually implementation of

Islamic teachings. 2. To maintain and arouse the national dignity and

struggles for unity among Muslim Ummah and Islamic rule is in fact Ideology of Pakistan.

3. Two-Nation Theory on the basis of Islamic Philosophy in political and cultural background of Sub-continent is called ideology of Pakistan.

4. Ideology of Pakistan is actually Islamic ideology. 5. The idea of Muslims, attaining Pakistan was infact

Ideology of Pakistan.

Sir Syed and Ideological Rationale

•Sir Syed Ahmed Khan ( 1817 – 1898)Initially worked for East India Company as a Jurist•After the 1857 Independence war , he published “The Causes of Indian Mutiny” ( Rasala asbaab baghaawat e Hind) – a daring critique at the time•To promote Western style education , he

established Aligarh Muslim University ( 1875)•Founded Scientific Society of AligarhDenounced Congress for being pro-hindu and established Muslim League•Sir Syed was criticized by Ulema at the time for his approach towards religion

Sir Syed’s Ahmed Khan’s Goal

• Sir Syed’s first and foremost objective was to modernize the Muslims following the Western cultural values that could create friendly atmosphere for the two communities. He motivated his community to learn the Western philosophy and English literature to get along with the ruling people. Therefore, in order to fulfill this desire he started the Aligarh movement. He had two immediate objectives in view:

• 1) To remove the state of tension between the Muslims and the British government, and

• 2) To induce them to get jobs and other facilities under the new government.

Cont’d

• The ideas of Sir Syed may be summed up as following:

• 1. To create an atmosphere of mutual understanding between

• the British government and the Muslims

• 2. To motivate the Muslims to learn Western education

• 3. To persuade Muslims to abstain from agitational politics

Urdu – Hindi Controversy

• Urdu grew as common language of all the Indians regardless of origin or religion but in 1867 the Benarsi Hindus started campaign to replace Urdu by Hindi. To gain the objectives, they declared numerous organizations, which discouraged Sir Syed who said to Shakespeare that since now both the nations could not live together. Later the followers of Sir Syed tried their level best to save Urdu language. Mohsin ul Mulk was the outstanding person who organized the Muslims in defense of Urdu.

Muslims as a Nation

• Sir Syed used the word ‘nation’ for the Muslims. Some writers criticize that he declared Hindus and Muslims one nation. But as a matter of fact, he advocated the Hindu-Muslim unity that meant ‘the working relationship’ between the two nations as once he said: “Hindus and Muslims should try to be of one mind in matters which affected their progress.” He favored separate electorate for the Muslims in 1883 saying that the majority would override the interests of the minority.

Cont’d

• In 1888, he set up the Patriotic Association to meet the propaganda of the Congress. Muslims and Hindus joined the Association. It advocated the Muslims’ emotions.

• In December 1893, Sir Syed founded the Association. Its main purpose was to protect the political, religious and social rights of the Muslims.

Ideology of Allama Iqbal for Pakistan to be:

• Allama Muhammad Iqbal! A great poet, thinker, philosopher, scholar and politician.

• When Iqbal was born, it was the time of troubles for Indian Muslims.

• From 1899 – 1905, Iqbal served as Lecturer (Philosophy) in Oriental College, Lahore.

• In 1905, Iqbal went to Germany, where he did his Ph.D. in Philosophy

• In 1926, Iqbal started his political career when he was elected as member of Punjab Imperial Legislative Council (PILC).

Ideology of Allama Iqbal for Pakistan to be:

• In 1911 census Iqbal wrote an essay “ISLAMIC CULTURE”—in which he clearly describes, survival of the Muslims will only possible when they have quality such as “Orangzaib Alamgir” in their role. Whose faith is not secularism but it should be purified Muslim thoughts. He defined his view in the next sentence that Islam is a name of ideology of religion, it contains a wide study.

• In 1930,Allama Iqbal presented his mature political opinion on the political fate of Indian Muslims in his presedential address at Allahbad at the annual session of Muslim League.He said:

• “I am fully convinced that the Muslims of India will ultimately have to establish a separate homeland as they could not live with the Hindus in the United States.”

• “India is a continent of human beings belonging to different races,speaking different languages and professing different religions ….,I,therefore demand the formation of a consolidated Muslim state inthe best intrest of India and Islam.”

• “I would like to see the Punjab, North West Frontiers Province, Sindh and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single state self-government within the British Empire or without the British Empire ,the formation of a consolidated North-West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims at least of North-West India.”

• In March 1932, he again gave the framework at the proposed Muslim state, he stated: “there is need to amend the whole ummah, so that we can fulfill our hopes and achieve our aims, first of all we have to change our methods, God does not help those, who do not help themselves. Success is not possible in any field without the intellectual independence”.

• On March 1937 he said:•                 “We must not ignored the

fact that the whole future of Islam as a moral and political force in Asia rests very largely on a complete organization of Indian Muslim.

•         “You should not equate your community with western            the nation of prophet is unique in its composition”     

Quaid-i-Azam and Ideology of Pakistan

* Born in 1876 * Early education Sindh Madrassatul Islam

• Studied Bar at Law in England

• On return settled in Bombay* Started political career in

1906

*1913 joined All India Muslim League* 1916 became Presedent

2nd Round Table Conference

• Quaid-e-Azam believed that Congress and Hindus would never recognize the rights of Muslims. He declared while representing the Muslims in the 2nd Round Table Conference“The Hindu Muslim dispute must be settled before the enforcements of any system or constitution. Until you do not give guarantee for the safeguard of the Muslim interests until you do not win their (Muslims) co-operations, any constitution you enforce shall not last for even 24 hours.”

QUAID-E-AZAM AND TWO NATION THEORY

• Quiad-e-Azam was a firm advocate of two nation theory which became the ideological basis Pakistan. He considered the Muslims as a separate nation.

• “Pakistan was created the day the first Indian National entered the field of Islam”.

He Said,

• ” The Muslims are a nation by every right to establish their separate homeland. They can adopt any means to promote and protect their economic social, political and cultural interests.”

He defined two nation Theory as

ADDRESS ON 23RD MARCH,1940-PAKISTAN RESOLUTION

“India is not a nation,nor a country.It is a Sub Continent of nationalities.Hindus and Muslims being the two major nations.The hindus and Muslims belongs to two different religions,Philosphies,social customs and literature.They neither intermarry nor interdine and they belong to two different civilization which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions.Their aspects on life and of are different.It is quite clear that Hindus and Muslims derive their inspiration from different sources of history.”

Address in Aligarh University

On March 8,1944 Quaid-i-Azam while addressing in Muslim University Aligarh, said;

“Actually Pakistan came into being when the very first Hindu converted into Muslim, it happened, when there was no rule of Muslims. The foundation of Muslims is Kalama-e- Tauheed rather than state or race. When a Hindu converted his religion he became a member of separate nation and new nation came into being.”

QUAID-E-AZAM AND MILLAT-E-ISLAMIA

• Quaid-e-Azam emphasized on the Islamic idology as being the basis of the struggle for Pakistan because he believed that only Islam was the unifying force of the Muslim Millat.He said:

• “What relationships knits the Muslims into one hole ,which is the formidable rock on which the Muslim edifice has been erected, which is the sheet anchor providing base to the Muslim Millat, the relationship, the sheet anchor and the rock is Holy Quran.”

ADDRESS ON 18TH JUNE 1945

• In his message to the frontier Muslim student Federation,he said:

• “Pakistan only means freedom and independence but Muslims Ideology,which has to be preseved which has come to us as a precious gift and treasure and which we hope,others will share with us.”

ADDRESS AT ISLAMIA COLLEGE PESHAWAR

• In 1946,Quaid-e-Azam declared:• “We do not demand Pakistan simply

to have a piece of land but we want a Laboratory where we could experiment on Islamic principles.”