IDEOLOGICAL ONE PARTY STATE (TOTALITARIAN)
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IDEOLOGICAL ONE PARTY STATE(TOTALITARIAN)
• Also known as a Communist State.
• One small political group holds power.
• Government policy is based on a an ideology. (equality of all)
• It appears in underdeveloped or backwards countries that wish to industrialize.
• The former Soviet Union and China are examples.
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FASCISM VS. COMMUNISM
FASCISM• Draws support from lower
classes & business.• Makes decisions in the interest
of the state.• Focuses activities on the state.
(national)• Corporate state (private
enterprise)• Elitism• Ultra-nationalism(ethnocentric)• racist
COMMUNISM• Draws support from working
classes.• Makes decisions in the interest
of the working class.• Desire to help working class
around the world. (international)
• State ownership of the means of production.
• Nationalities unimportant (equally)
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Karl Marx• Marx said one day there would
be a revolution that would overthrow the ruling class and set up a system he called communism.
• o
• Marx wrote his ideas in two books, The Communist Manifesto & ______________________.
• The belief was based on EQUALITY
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The Russian Revolution of 1917
• Karl Marx believed that Russia was an unlikely place for a communist Revolution because it was a _______ ________________________
• Bolsheviks seized power through a ___________; people faced food shortages, soldiers rioted.
• Communists led by ____________ seized telephone lines, railways, banks, electric plants, etc.
• Communist Control of Soviet Union was complete in 1921.
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Values, Assumptions, and Myths• Communists claimed that the new
country was a democracy.
• Real power was with the CPSU.
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Democratic Forms
• Founding myth…– Lenin took control of the
“Democratic Soviets”• Councils that set policies and had
elections.
• Example– “National Congress of Soviets”– Made up of workers, peasants,
and soldiers.
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Authoritarian Essence
• The CP was the only legal political party
• This was justified by
• Lenin also believed that elections in capitalist countries were simply a “sham” (illusion of real choice).
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Democratic Centralism• Issues are discussed
____________________, then resolved by the party congress with the expectation that all _______________________________________.
• Eventually used by Stalin to _____________ all opposition and became a justification for strict censorship, imprisonment and executions.
• In this way, Stalin ended up controlling the _____________, which controlled the ___________________, which controlled the ____________.
Authoritarian Essence cont…
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Structure of Communist PartyPolitburo:
Secretariat:
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Structure of Soviet Government
• Though appearing both democratic and federal in nature the Supreme Soviet (parliament) was not effectively democratic.– Met 2 times per year– Laws first past by Presidium so Supreme Soviet
simply rubber stamped legislation.
• Real purpose of Supreme Soviet was simply to spread message of Presidium.
• Elections were not considered democratic because there was usually only one name on ballot.
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Communist Party Membership• Only those who were politically conscious,
honest, educated, and dedicated to the party could join.
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Large Secret Police Force
• Cheka (1917) : Lenin
• NKVD (1934) : Stalin– People’s Commissarat of Internal Affairs
• KGB (1954)– Committee for State Security
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Soviet Government
• Federal system
• Little autonomy to republics.
Autonomy: right to make own decisions
• Government controls all levels of government. (Moscow: Kremlin)