Identify the causes and effects of the Eighteenth Amendment.

Chapter 22 Section 2

Changes in American Society

• Identify the causes and effects of the Eighteenth Amendment.

• Explain how the Nineteenth Amendment changed the role of women in society.

• Describe how the automobile, radio, and movies changed American culture.

• Explain why tension and unrest lay beneath the surface during the 1920s.

Objectives



Terms and People

• prohibition – a total ban on alcoholic drinks

• bootlegger – liquor smugglers

• speakeasy – illegal taverns that served liquor



Women gained voting rights.

Alcohol was made

illegal for a decade.

America developed

a new mass culture.

How did social change and conflict mark the 1920s?

The political changes of the 1920s were accompanied by far-reaching social changes.



This began a period of time known as Prohibition.

In 1919, the Eighteenth Amendment made it illegal to make, sell, or transport alcohol.

Conserve grains used to make alcohol.

Reduce drunkenness and family violence.

Reasons for Prohibition



Prohibition had several effects on American society.

Saloons shut down. Arrests for

drunkenness declined.

People consumed

less alcohol.



Prohibition failed because it could not be enforced.

Bootleggers made huge profits smuggling liquor from Canada and the Caribbean.

This caused a rise in organized crime.

Every large town had speakeasies where illegal liquor was served.

In 1933, the Twenty-first Amendment repealed Prohibition.



Women gained new rights in the 1920s.

In 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment gave women voting rights.

Women joined political parties and were elected to offices.

Women were still barred from many universities and from serving on juries.

Married women were not allowed to keep their earnings.

However, they still lacked full equality.



Many younger women in the 1920s shocked the older generation.

These “flappers” did not seem interested in women’s rights.

Their attitude and style came to symbolize women in the 1920s.



Three inventions in the 1920s led to the emergence of a new mass culture.

Automobiles

Movies

Commercial Radio



The automobile greatly changed American life.

Automobiles symbolized freedom and independence.

• Families could easily move to suburbs.

• Rural residents became less isolated.

• New businesses were opened by highways.

• Americans began to travel more.



Radio and movies revolutionized entertainment in the 1920s.

Almost any family could afford a radio.

People nationwide listened to the same music, news, sports, and radio dramas.



Movies provided an escape, and action films and comedies were very popular.

Many Americans went to the movies weekly.

Movie fans began to worship celebrities.



Some Americans feared that rapid social changes would destroy their way of life.

This fear was reflected in the Scopes Trial of 1925.

This violated Tennessee law. Scopes was put on trial.

High school teacher John Scopes taught evolution.



The trial encapsulated the conflict between modern, urban Americans and traditional, rural Americans.

William Jennings Bryan, a three-

time presidential candidate,

prosecuted Scopes.

Scopes lost his job. Laws against teaching evolution remained but were rarely enforced.

Clarence Darrow, a famous Chicago lawyer, defended Scopes.



Fear of social change also caused racial tensions.

Many African Americans served in World War I.

Many moved to northern cities. This was called the Great Migration.

Violent race riots broke out

in several cities.They hoped to gain

equality in America.

Great Migration



Organizations formed in response to the rising racial tensions.

Marcus Garvey formed the Universal Negro

Improvement Association (UNIA).

The Ku Klux Klan scorned blacks,

immigrants, Catholics, and Jews.

UNIA promoted black pride and unity.

Several scandals in the late 1920s caused the Klan to lose support.



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Identify the causes and effects of the Eighteenth Amendment.

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