Identify, give evidence for, predict products of, and classify the following types of chemical...
-
Upload
horace-harrison -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Identify, give evidence for, predict products of, and classify the following types of chemical...
Identify, give evidence for, predict products of, and classify the following types of chemical reactions:
1. Synthesis (combination)
2. Decomposition
3. Single Replacement
4. Double Replacement
5. Neutralization (acid/base)
6. Combustion
Synthesis
Decomposition
Neutralization
Single displacement
Double displacement
Combustion
A chemical reaction is a…?
Evidence of a Chemical Change/Reaction: Release of energy as heat Release of energy as light Change in colour Formation of a gas Change in odor
1. Synthesis: A + B AB
2. Decomposition: AB A + B
3. Single displacement: A + BC AC + B
4. Double displacement: AB + CD AD + CB5. Neutralization: Acid(H) + Base(OH) salt + H(OH)
6. Combustion: AB + oxygen CO2 + H2O
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
–A + B AB where A and B represent elements
– The elements may form ionic compounds, like…
– Sodium metal and chlorine gas combine to form sodium chloride.
– 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
See pages 258 - 259
Sodium added to chlorine gas
Synthesis reactions are also known as FORMATION reactions.Two or more reactants (usually elements) join to form a compound.
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
• Decomposition reactions are the opposite of synthesis reactions.– A compound breaks down into two or more
products (often elements).–AB A + B
where A and B represent elements
1. Ionic compounds may decompose to produce elements, like the following:
• Table salt, sodium chloride, can be broken down into sodium metal and chlorine gas by melting salt at 800ºC and running electricity through it.
• 2NaCl 2Na + Cl2 See page 260
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 See page 260
Types: Decomposition
Example: NaCl
General: AB A + B
Cl Na Cl + Na
Types: Decomposition
Example 2HgO
O Hg
O Hg
Hg
O O Hg
+
General: AB A + B
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
• Single replacement reactions replace one element from a compound with another element.– A compound and an element react, and the
element switches places with part of the original compound.• A + BC B + AC• A + BC C + BA
See page 261
Types: Single displacement
Example: Zn + CuCl2
ZnClCl Cu +
General: AB + C AC + B
ClCl Zn Cu+
• Aluminum foil in a solution of copper(II) chloride produces solid copper and aluminum chloride.
• 2Al + 3CuCl2 3Cu + 2AlCl3• When fluorine is bubbled through a sodium
iodide solution, iodine and sodium fluoride are produced.
• Fl2 + 2NaI I2 + 2NaF
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
• Double replacement reactions swap elements between 2 compounds that react together to form two new compounds.– Two compounds react, with elements switching
places between the original compounds.
AB + CD AD + CB
See page 262
Types: Double displacement
Example: MgO + CaS
General: AB + CD AD + CB
SOMg Ca+
O S
Mg Ca+
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
– When potassium chromate and silver nitrate react, they form a red precipitate, silver chromate, in a solution of potassium nitrate.
– K2CrO4 + 2AgNO3 Ag2CrO4 + 2KNO3 silver chromate
Two solutions react to form a precipitate (solid) and another solution.
Ionic solution + ionic solution ionic solution + ionic solid. AB + CD AD + CB
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
• Combustion reactions occur when a compound or element react with oxygen to release energy and produce an oxide.– Also sometimes referred to as hydrocarbon
combustion.
CXHY + O2 CO2 + H2O where X and Y represent integers
See page 264
METHANOL + oxygen: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=98JuJ-G1qXY&feature=related
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
1. Natural gas (methane) is burned in furnaces to heat homes.
»CH4 + O2 CO2 + 2H2O + energy
2. An acetylene torch is used to weld metals together.
»2C2H2 + 5O2 4CO2 + 2H2O + energy
3. Carbohydrates like glucose combine with oxygen in our body to release energy.
»C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy See page 264
Acetylene torch
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 See page 265
Take the Section 6.1 Quiz
MOVIE TO REVIEW: http://www.bcscience.com/bc10/pgs/videos_013_chemical_reactions.html
Hold your horses for Neutralizations