Identification, Symptoms and nature of damage: Minor pest Leaf Webber Slug caterpillar Slug...
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Identification, Symptoms and Identification, Symptoms and nature of damage: Minor pest nature of damage: Minor pest Leaf Webber Leaf Webber Slug caterpillar Slug caterpillar Red ants Red ants
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Transcript of Identification, Symptoms and nature of damage: Minor pest Leaf Webber Slug caterpillar Slug...
Identification, Symptoms and nature of Identification, Symptoms and nature of damage: Minor pest damage: Minor pest
Leaf WebberLeaf Webber
Slug caterpillar Slug caterpillar
Red antsRed ants
Identification, Symptoms and nature of damage of
mango leaf webber(Lepidoptera: Pyralida)
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Mango Leaf Webber,Mango Leaf Webber, Orthaga euadrusalis Orthaga euadrusalis
Earlier, the leaf webber or “tent caterpillar”, Earlier, the leaf webber or “tent caterpillar”, Orthaga Orthaga euadrusaliseuadrusalis Walker was considered as one of the minor Walker was considered as one of the minor pests of mangopests of mango
Since last five years it has become a major problem in Since last five years it has become a major problem in North India, especially in old, crowded orchards where North India, especially in old, crowded orchards where there is excessive shade.there is excessive shade.
Source:http://www.plantwise.org
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Identification Identification
Adult - Brown moth of medium size with wavy lines Adult - Brown moth of medium size with wavy lines on fore wings.on fore wings.
Eggs - Eggs are laid in clusters of about ten, on buds Eggs - Eggs are laid in clusters of about ten, on buds and young leavesand young leaves
Larva - Pale greenish with brown head and Larva - Pale greenish with brown head and prothroacic shield. Fully grown caterpillar measures prothroacic shield. Fully grown caterpillar measures 2.5 to 3 cm. 2.5 to 3 cm.
Pupa - Pupation takes place in silken cocoonsPupa - Pupation takes place in silken cocoons
Source: http://www.ikisan.com/Crop%20Specific/ap_img/brinjal/br_lwdamage.jpg
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SymptomsSymptoms
Leaflets, flowers and pods are held together to form a web by Leaflets, flowers and pods are held together to form a web by larvaelarvae
Larvae feed from inside these webs and Larvae feed from inside these webs and
give burnt appearance Growth of the give burnt appearance Growth of the
terminal shoot is impaired if infestedterminal shoot is impaired if infested
Infestations may begin as early as seedling Infestations may begin as early as seedling
stage and continue during flowering and poddingstage and continue during flowering and podding
The infestation is severe in shady conditions. The infestation is severe in shady conditions.
Old orchards with lesser space between tree canopy have more Old orchards with lesser space between tree canopy have more infestation than open orchards. infestation than open orchards.
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Nature of DamageNature of Damage
Its infestation starts from the month of April and goes Its infestation starts from the month of April and goes up to December. up to December.
Eggs are laid singly or in clusters within silken Eggs are laid singly or in clusters within silken webbings on leaves. Upon hatching, the caterpillars webbings on leaves. Upon hatching, the caterpillars feed on leaf surface by scrapping. feed on leaf surface by scrapping.
Later, they make web of tender shoots and leaves Later, they make web of tender shoots and leaves together and feed within.together and feed within.
Generally, 1-9 larvae are found in a single web. Generally, 1-9 larvae are found in a single web.
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Nature of DamageNature of Damage
Pupation takes place inside the webs in silken Pupation takes place inside the webs in silken cocoons. cocoons.
The life-cycle takes 3-4 weeksThe life-cycle takes 3-4 weeks
However, the last generation (December-However, the last generation (December-January) pupates in the soil. January) pupates in the soil.
The pupae diapause for about five to six The pupae diapause for about five to six months. months.
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Identification, Symptoms and nature of damage of
Slug CaterpillarLatoia lepida
(Lepidoptera: Limacodidae)
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IdentificationIdentification
Caterpillar - fleshy and slug like, Caterpillar - fleshy and slug like, greenish body with white lines greenish body with white lines
Four rows of spiny tipped red or Four rows of spiny tipped red or black which causes irritation and black which causes irritation and pain due to glandular secretion. pain due to glandular secretion.
Adult - green wings with Adult - green wings with prominent dark patch at the base prominent dark patch at the base of each forewingof each forewing
Source: http://www.rakbankerd.com/kaset/Plant/2958_1.jpg
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Symptoms of damageSymptoms of damage
Feed gregariously on the leaves Feed gregariously on the leaves
Cause defoliation – leaving only the midrib Cause defoliation – leaving only the midrib and veins and veins
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Life Cycle of slug caterpillarLife Cycle of slug caterpillar
Moth lay eggs flat shining eggs in batches of 20-30 Moth lay eggs flat shining eggs in batches of 20-30 on undersurface of leaves. on undersurface of leaves.
The caterpillars feedThe caterpillars feed on leaves. The full grown larva on leaves. The full grown larva is 2.5 mm approximately. Larva possesses spines is 2.5 mm approximately. Larva possesses spines which cause irritation and pain if touched.which cause irritation and pain if touched.
Pupation takes place on stem in compact elliptical Pupation takes place on stem in compact elliptical cocoon.cocoon.
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Identification, Symptoms and nature of damage of
Red Ants(Hymenoptera :Formicidae)
Nest of ants on
mango tree
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Red Ant, Red Ant, Oecophylla smaragdina Oecophylla smaragdina
IdentificationIdentification
The wingless ants or the workers measuring 1.2 cm longThe wingless ants or the workers measuring 1.2 cm long
Resembles house hold ants, but they are slightly longerResembles house hold ants, but they are slightly longer
The workers are orangish red in colourThe workers are orangish red in colour
The male and female ants are greenish in colour The male and female ants are greenish in colour
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Life CycleLife CycleA colony of ants has A colony of ants has – one queen one queen
– Number of soldiersNumber of soldiers
– Two kinds of workers Two kinds of workers
Eggs, larvae and pupa housed separatelyEggs, larvae and pupa housed separately– Eggs are covered with mucilage. Incubation period: 4-8 daysEggs are covered with mucilage. Incubation period: 4-8 days
– Three larval instars: 10-17 daysThree larval instars: 10-17 days
– Pupal Period: 5-7 daysPupal Period: 5-7 days
– Life cycle is completed in 20-30 daysLife cycle is completed in 20-30 days
They store no food material except some coccids and aphids, whose honey-They store no food material except some coccids and aphids, whose honey-dew secretion the relish.dew secretion the relish.
These are somewhat dynamic in that they may grow, or move when leaves These are somewhat dynamic in that they may grow, or move when leaves die.die.
•
http://www.myrmecos.net/formicinae
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Nature of Damage/ControlNature of Damage/Control
The ants stitch together few leaves and buildThe ants stitch together few leaves and build
their nests in them on the treestheir nests in them on the trees
The ants do not cause any direct injury or loss to the tree. The ants do not cause any direct injury or loss to the tree.
Indirectly, the damage is caused by protecting aphids and scale Indirectly, the damage is caused by protecting aphids and scale insects from being preyed upon by their parasitoids and insects from being preyed upon by their parasitoids and predators and also carries the nymphs of aphids, mealy bugs and predators and also carries the nymphs of aphids, mealy bugs and scale insects from tree to tree thus spreading the infection of scale insects from tree to tree thus spreading the infection of these noxious pests.these noxious pests.
These ants aggressively defend "nests" and trees and, whilst These ants aggressively defend "nests" and trees and, whilst they do not sting, chemicals in the saliva can irritate the skin. they do not sting, chemicals in the saliva can irritate the skin.
They cause annoyance and make harvesting difficult.They cause annoyance and make harvesting difficult.
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As Bio-control agentThey also feed other insect pests
and can be used in IPM for controlling other pests
Red Ant, Red Ant, Oecophylla smaragdinaOecophylla smaragdina
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SummarySummaryLeaf webbers are active from Dec-April. Larvae webs the leaves Leaf webbers are active from Dec-April. Larvae webs the leaves and scrape the chlorophyll that results in drying and withering of and scrape the chlorophyll that results in drying and withering of leaves. Pupation trakes place inside the webleaves. Pupation trakes place inside the web
Slug Caterpillar are fleshy and slug like, greenish body with rows of Slug Caterpillar are fleshy and slug like, greenish body with rows of spiny tipped red or black hairs which causes irritation and pain due spiny tipped red or black hairs which causes irritation and pain due to glandular secretion. They Feed gregariously on the leaves, cause to glandular secretion. They Feed gregariously on the leaves, cause defoliationdefoliation
Weaver ants/red ants stitch together few leaves and build their nests Weaver ants/red ants stitch together few leaves and build their nests in them on the trees. They cause annoyance and make harvesting in them on the trees. They cause annoyance and make harvesting difficult.difficult.
Red ants also feed other insect pests and can be used in IPM for Red ants also feed other insect pests and can be used in IPM for controlling other pestscontrolling other pests
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