Endosymbiont hunng in the metagenome of Asian citrus psyllid
Identification and threat from the Asian Citrus Psyllid
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Dr. Ayanava Majumdar Extension Entomologist Alabama Cooperative Extension System Gulf Coast Research & Extension Center 8300 State Hwy 104, Fairhope, AL 36532
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Transcript of Identification and threat from the Asian Citrus Psyllid
Dr. Ayanava Majumdar
Extension Entomologist
Alabama Cooperative Extension System
Gulf Coast Research & Extension Center
8300 State Hwy 104, Fairhope, AL 36532
Cell phone: 251-331-8416
Discuss identification & biology of ACP
Discuss threat of ACP to Alabama citrus orchards
Discuss insects that may look like ACP
Extension & other resources
Asian Citrus Psyllid = ACP
Panel will discuss quarantine & management issues:
Henry Fadamiro, Monte Nesbitt,
Dennis Barclift, Ayanava Majumdar
ACP was first detected in 1998 in 1 county of Florida on backyard plantings of Murraya paniculata
At present, 33 counties in FL have ACP
Baldwin County (AL) has ACP!
ACP has been found in many states, but Citrus Greening Disease is present in two states (LO & FL)
www.SaveOurCitrus.org
Invasive insects share the same latitude, proliferate in absence of natural enemies?
Florida Guangdong
Soybean aphid
Em
erald ash borerA
sian citrus psyllid
India
New York
Hu
man
A
cti
viti
es
2002
2000
1998
Eggs are almond shaped
Eggs pale when fresh, turn yellow or opaque
Eggs laid on tips of growing shoot or tender leaves in clusters
Host plants: all citrus plants, 2 species of Murraya (all Rutaceae)
ACP EGGS
Nymphs: 5 instars, white to yellow color, red eyes, large wing pads
Development fails below 50oFLive in feeding pits created by adults
53F*51F
50F51F
52F
NYMPHS
*Liu & Tsai 2000
Adult is 3 mm long, forewings broad apicallyBrown band on wings around the borderWings with reduced venation, prominent veins
ADULT PSYLLID
Terminal antennal segment is darker…Short, stout body covered partially by wingsMost favorable temp. for reproduction = 82oFEach female can lay 700-800 eggs
ADULT PSYLLID
Active insect that rests with body at an angleAdult psyllids readily jump on approachDispersion: good fliers, moved by wind
Auburn Team at a Baldwin County location
Defense mechanism:Masses of waxy filaments produced by nymphs to keep honey dew away!
ACP has piercing-sucking mouthparts
Loss of plant sap from foliage
High reproductive capacity & survival of eggs/nymphs can cause rapid infestation (check new terminals)
CITRUS GREENING DISEASE (CGD) or Huanglongbing:
Worst disease of citrus
Bacterium Liberibacter
Originated in Guangdong Province, China (??)
ACP + Liberibacter in India (??)
Short feeding inoculates ACP
SYMPTOMS OF CGD:Slowly kills the tree (vascular)Deformed yellow leavesBlotchy mottling, asymmetricalTwig dieback
CGD Video (Florida Dept of Agric.)
SYMPTOMS OF CGD:Lopsided fruitPartially greenDistasteful fruitAborted black seeds
CGD Video (Florida Dept of Agric.)
Remember: other disorders may cause diagnostic problems
of Asian Citrus Psyllid
Michaud, 2004; Grafton-Cardwell et al., 2006
Lacewings:Chrysoperla rufilabris
Ash-gray lady beetle, Olla v-nigrum
Multi-colored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis
Spotless lady beetle, Cycloneda sp.
Tamarixia radiata, in FL from Taiwan• Female wasp lays eggs under ACP nymph
• Parasite develops inside the body (arrow in picture)
• Adult wasp emerges from an exit hole
Citrus thrips (Scirtothrips citri)Long bristles on
wings
Citrus mealybug (Planococcus citri)
No wing-pads!
Brown citrus aphid (Toxoptera citricida)
Have tail-pipes!
Trash bug (trash-carrying
lacewing)
Has insect ID section
Has a Citrus Greening Tracker
Has a list of high risk activities
“What to do if you sight ACP?”
Select a stateDirects you to
local contact
ACP sighting should be reported to Alabama State Department of Agriculture
YouTube videos
eXtension.org
Image repositories:Flickr.comBugGuide.netBugwood.org
Close collaboration with AL Dept. of Agric.Workshops: 2 in Fall 2008 and continuing…Factsheets with insect ID:Web resources:
WWW.ACES.EDU
Images: Univ. Florida, Univ. Nebraska, Bugwood.org, BugGuide.net, USDA-APHIS, USDA-ARS
Publications: Mead, 2008. The Asiatic Citrus Psyllid. UFL – IFAS Extension. Capoor et al. 1974. Greening Disease of Citrus. UC, Richmond Grafton-Cardwell et al. 2006. UC Pub. 8205 Michaud. 2004. Natural mortality of ACP. Biological Control. 29 (2). Liu & Tsai. ACP Biology & Lifetable parameters. Annals of Applied
Biology. 137 (3). Tsai et al. 2002. Season abundance of ACP. Florida Entomologist. 85
(3). Halbert and Manjunath. 2004. ACP & Greening Disease. Florida
Entomologist. 87 (3).
PANEL DISCUSSION
Monte NesbittHenry FadamiroDennis Barclift
Ayanava Majumdar
Pests Critical Times Control Materials
Citrus Red Mites February-April 435 Oil, various miticides (new: Portal)
Whiteflies March/April and July/August
435 Oil, Provado, Movento
Thrips April/petal fall Insecticides: Portal, Movento, Success
Citrus Rust Mites June-September 435 Oil, various miticides (Portal, Nexter, Agri-Mek)
Scales July-September 435 Oil, Lorsban, Provado
Leaffooted Bugs September-October Danitol,
Mustang Maxx
February-April (prior to bloom)
435 Oil at 2% v/v Citrus red mites, whiteflies, ACP prevention
June (early summer flush)
435 Oil at 2% v/v ACP prevention, citrus leafminer, rust mites, scales
July Lorsban Scale, ACP prevention
August Provado, Oil and Neemix
Scales, Whiteflies, Rust mites, ACP prevention
September Danitol with Oil LFB, Rust Mites, ACP prevention
October Danitol or Mustang Maxx
LFB, ACP prevention
January Lorsban 4e ACP overwintering
February-April (prior to bloom)
435 Oil Citrus red mites, whiteflies, overwintering ACP
Late April-early May; petal fall complete
Movento or Portal
ACP prevention, thrips, citrus leafminer
June; early summer flush
Provado + 435 Oil
ACP, citrus leafminer, rust mites, scales
July Portal or Movento
Rust Mites, ACP prevention
August Provado + 435 Oil
Scales, Whiteflies, Rust mites, ACP prevention
September Danitol + 435 Oil LFB, Rust Mites, ACP prevention
October Danitol or Mustang Maxx
LFB, ACP prevention
