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iDASH National Center for Biomedical ComputingSharing and Protecting Human Subjects Data
6/14/1550th iDASH external webinar
NIH U54 HL108460 Lucila Ohno-Machado, MD, MBA, PhDBiomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego
Patient Interaction
Data AnalysisStatistics Machine Learning
Data StructuringNatural Language ProcessingData Modeling
Predictive ModelingEvaluation Methods
Decision Support ToolsGuidelines, Alert & Reminders
Data Collection ToolsClinical Data Warehouse
Data IntegrationGenomicsProteomicsSensors
Data De-IdentificationPrivacy Technology
Communication StrategiesConsumer Health Informatics Medical Education
Knowledge & Tools
Privacy
Consent
Data
Our Goals
• Share access to data and computation
• Train the new generation of data scientists
• Provide innovative software, platform, and infrastructure
• Protect privacyDevelop» Algorithms» Tools» Infrastructure» Policies
iDASH
Knowledge& Tools
ServicesPlatform
Data
Sensors
Genomic
Clinical
ServiceWWW
Apps
Exec.
Aggreg.Hosting
Sharing
Policies
Platform
Research
Develop.
Federation
Postdocs (8 total)Current
MengShuangWenrui
PhD and master’s students (14 total)Current
WeiZhanglong
Yuan WuAsstProf Duke
MyoungLaSoftware EngineerMicrosoft
ShuangWangPostDoc UCSDK99/R00
AdelaGrandoAsstProf ASU
Elizabeth BellResearchAsstUCSD
XiaoqianJiangAsstProf UCSDK99/R00
Past Postdocs Past Interns
Trainees
Trainees 2011-2012Challen (UCLA)Christos (Berkeley) Colin (break)Hyunchul (military)Jialan (industry)Melanie (industry)Neda (postdoc)Petra (industry)Pinghao (industry)Seena (industry)Stefan (industry)Stephanie (grad st UCSD)Wanmin (industry)Wenchao (grad st U Minn)Wenrui (postdoc)
Summer Interns (66)
MikeConwayAsstProf U UtahK99/R00
Undergrad Students (9 total)Current
BriandaDexter
2011
KaushikSinhaAsstProf Wichita St
NLM Training Grant started 2012 (9 pre- and 6 postdoc slots)Graduates from the postdoc programMindy (Asst Prof UCLA)Dyvia (Fellowship in Resp Med UCSD)Edna (Residency in Surgery)
Publications
• Published Articles and Book Chapters: 138• Presentations: 244• Posters: 72
Topic # Published Cell Biology 2Cloud Computing and Architecture 1Data Analysis and Compression 5Data Modeling and Integration 4Data Sharing 5Genomics 28Imaging Informatics 4Infrastructure 4Kawasaki Disease (DBP 1 & 4) 13Natural Language Processing 7Patient Centered Research 9Physical Activity Monitoring (DBP 3) 2Privacy Technology 41Statistics 13Total 138
https://idash.ucsd.edu/publications
As of 6/4/15
Integrating Different Types of Data
Genotype RNA
Metabolites
transcription
trans
latio
n
genome transcriptome
laboratoryPhysiology tests
Protein proteome
Phenotype physical exam, imaging, monitoring systems
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Biometrics and PHI
PHI requires HIPAA
• Biometrics require HIPAA
Biometrics are Protected Health Information (PHI)
Genomes are Biometrics
PHI requires HIPAA
Biometrics are Protected Health Information (PHI)
Big Data Announcement
Research DataClinical Data Applications Integration2008-2009 2010-2011 2012-2013 2014-2015
Electronic Health Record SystemEpic & Clarity
Other SystemsPACS, lab, etc
Personnel SystemsActive Directory
Query ToolsUC-ReX ExplorerPrivacy Technology
Clinical Research DataRedCAPVelosOther DBs
iDASH HIPAA SHADEImages, human genomes, etc
Analytical Tools
Recruitment Consent toolsCustom Apps
VA LA Clinics
UCSF
Davis
Irvine
UCLA
Healthcare Clinical DataClinical Data Warehouse for Research
Scalable Network(Distributed Analytics Tools)
HIPAA
External data (patient reported data, sensors)
pSCANNERPCORI CDRN
iDASH HIPAA/FISMA OVERCASTiDASH, CTRI, School of Medicine
De-ID Tools
UCSD Health Sciences: Building Protected Health Information Networks
SCANNER
BRIGHT
iDASH
PhenDISCO NLM Training Grant
K22, K99s
PCORI contracts
Private Cloud
iCONCUR
UC-ReX
pSCANNER
Accrual for Clinical Trials
CTSA renewal
bioCADDIE
R21, subcontracts
Health System Department
USC/LAC Cedars Sinai
San Mateo
EpicCDDSNew modules
Partners on Patient Privacy Projects
Privacy Preserving Analytics for KD in African-Americans
Consent for Data and Biosample
Sharing in Underserved Populations
Partnership for Epidemiological
Research Study on Latinos
Data and Biospecimen SharingPrivacy Preserving Computation
Which DNA variants are implicated in KD susceptibility in this population?Emory, Genome Institute of Singapore, Imperial College
Does consent rate depend on who is obtaining the consent?Maricopa Health System, FQHS in Arizona
Do patients understand what they consented for?San Diego State University
What type of ‘sharing’ is acceptable?University of Oklahoma
StrongHeartStudy on American Indian Populations
What to share / Who to share with
Some preliminary findings from a limited set of interviews• Healthy volunteers do not want to share with
commercially sponsored researchers• Some want their medical information shared with
only UCSD researchers, no others• Many do not want to share at least 1 category of
sensitive information• Most common decline was genetic, followed by
sexual & reproductive health
Courtesy of E Bell
Consent Management System
Do I wish to disclose data D to U?
Sharing Look-up
Yes
Patient I
Patient Interface
I can check that U looked at my data D
• Data use agreements
• Study registry
Trusted broker
Healthcare Institutions
User U requests Data D on individual I
Shifting control
Front pageCourtesy of H Kim
Choice historyCourtesy of H Kim
Sharing choice taxonomy I
Courtesy of H Kim
Sharing choice taxonomy II
Sharing choice taxonomy III
informed CONsent for Clinical data Use for Research
Consent Management
System
Sharing Look-upRegistryPatient I
Electronic Health Record
Clinical Data Warehouse
Query
User U
Healthcare Institution
Results
Conc
ierg
e or
Auto
mat
ed S
ervi
ces
Conn
ectin
g So
ftw
are
iCONCUR
Trusted Entity
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Ohno-Machado L. To Share or Not To Share: That Is Not the Question. Science Translational Medicine, 2012 4(165)
homomorphic encryption
secure multiparty computation
iDASH “commons”
Sharing Data, Tools, Systems
differential privacy
indexing
Institutions with Signed Agreements
DCA• National
» UCSD» Children’s Health Care of Atlanta (GA)» Long Beach Veterans Affairs Medical
Center» Ortho Kenematics (TX)
• International» Mahidol University (Thailand)
DUA• National
» UCSD» Databetes (NY)» Tin Man Labs, LLC (TX)» UMass Dartmouth» Georgia Institute of Technology» University of Utah» The Ola Grimsby Institute (CA)» The Methodist Hospital Research Institute (TX)» Wake Forest University Health Systems (NC)
• International» North West London Hospitals NHS Trust (UK)» The University Hospital of Leuven (Belgium)» INRIA (France)» Newton Circus Pte. Ltd. (Singapore)
‘De-Identification’ (microdata release)
Name Age Education
Hours/week
… HTN
Frank 42 6 40 … Y
Bob 31 10 60 … Y
Dave 43 9 40 … N
… … … … … …
Courtesy of Li Xiong
• HIPAA compliant methods» Safe harbor dataset
• Removal of 18 safe harbor identifiers
» Limited dataset• Removal of direct
identifiers» Statistical methods
• Removal/grouping of attributes
• “Risk reasonably low”• Re-identification and
disclosure risks
Statistical Data Release (macrodata release)
Mohammed N et al. Privacy Preserving Heterogeneous Health Data Sharing. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2013
Jiang XL et al. Differential-Private Data Publishing Through Component Analysis. Transactions on Data Privacy 2013
Courtesy of Li Xiong
Original records Original histogram
Statistical Data Release: Disclosure Risk
Courtesy of Li Xiong
Original records Original histogramPerturbed histogram with differential privacy
Statistical Data Release: Differential Privacy
Courtesy of Li Xiong
Differential Privacy (Dwork et al)
A privacy mechanism A gives ε-differential privacy if for all neighbouring databases D, D’, and for any possible output S ∈ Range(A),
Pr[A(D) = S] ≤ exp(ε) × Pr[A(D’) = S]
D D’
• D and D’ are neighboring databases if they differ on at most one record
Courtesy of Li Xiong
iDASH 2014 First Privacy Protection Challenge
• Task 1: Privacy-preserving SNP Data Sharing• Task 2: Privacy-preserving release of top K
most significant SNPs
Evaluate solutions of guaranteed privacy protection for protecting the output of genomic data analysis
Publication Trends
As of 6/4/15
Ohno-Machado L. To Share or Not To Share: That Is Not the Question. Science Translational Medicine, 2012 4(165)
homomorphic encryption
secure multiparty computation
iDASH “commons”
Sharing Data, Tools, Systems
differential privacy
indexing
iDASH’15 Privacy Protection Challenge
• Task 1: Homomorphic encryption (HME) based secure genomic data analysis
• Task 2: Secure comparison between genomic data in a distributed setting
• Focus on secure outsourcing and secure data analysis in a distributed setting (humangenomeprivacy.org)
Genome Privacy Challenge 2015
Winners for HomomorphicEncryption
• Stanford/MI• IBM• Microsoft
Workshops and Symposia• 12 Workshops
https://idash.ucsd.edu/events/workshops» 4 Privacy » 2 NLP » 2 Imaging Informatics» 4 Others (High Performance Computing, Biomedical Data Sharing, IEEE
HISB, Mobile Data)
• 9 Symposiahttps://idash.ucsd.edu/news-and-events
» 4 All-Hands» 5 Internship
• Next internship symposium planned for August 8, 2015
Partners on Patient Privacy Projects
Privacy Preserving Analytics for KD in African-Americans
Consent for Data and Biosample
Sharing in Underserved Populations
Partnership for Epidemiological
Research Study on Latinos
Data and Biospecimen SharingPrivacy Preserving Computation
Which DNA variants are implicated in KD susceptibility in this population?Emory, Genome Institute of Singapore, Imperial College
Does consent rate depend on who is obtaining the consent?Maricopa Health System, FQHS in Arizona
Do patients understand what they consented for?San Diego State University
What type of ‘sharing’ is acceptable?University of Oklahoma
StrongHeartStudy on American Indian Populations
International Collaboration
Slide from Dr. Shuang Wang
First Driving Biological Projects
• DBP 1: Molecular Phenotyping of Kawasaki Disease» Goal: Understand how molecular phenotype relates to clinical
phenotype and how they may help predict susceptibility, response to treatment, and risk for cardiovascular sequelae
• DBP 2: Post-Marketing Surveillance of Hematologic Medications» Goal: Study adverse events associated with four different oral
hematologic medications (prasugrel, clopidogrel, warfarin, and dabigatran)
• DBP 3: Individualized Intervention to Enhance Physical Activity» Goal: Create an intervention system to provide individualized feedback
to increase physical activity and decrease sedentary behavior
● Predictive modeling and adjustment for cofounders require lots of data
● Some institutions cannot move data outside their firewalls, we can bring computation to the data
User requests data for Quality Improvement or Research
•Identity & Trust Management•Policy enforcement
Trusted Broker(s)
Security Entity
Diverse Healthcare Entitiesin 3 different states (federal, state, private)
Distributed computingScalable National Network for Comparative Effectiveness Research
Wu Y et al. Grid Binary LOgistic REgression (GLORE): Building Shared Models Without Sharing Data. JAMIA, 2012 Wang S et al. EXpectation Propagation LOgistic REgRession (EXPLORER): Distributed Privacy-Preserving Online Model Learning. J Biomed Inf 2013 Jiang W et al.. WebGLORE: A Webservice for Grid Logistic Regression. Bioinformatics 2014Wu Y et al. Grid Multi-Category Response Logistic Models. BMC Med Inform Dec Making 2015
Horizontal and Vertical Partitions
Patient Age Insurance
A1 45 X
A2 32 Y
Patient Age Insurance
B1 45 Y
B2 32 Y
Patient Age Insurance
A1 45 X
A2 32 Y
Li Y, Jiang X, Wang S, Xiong L, Ohno-Machado L. VERTIcal Grid lOgistic regression (VERTIGO) submitted.
Clinical Data Network – UC-ReX
• Clinical Data Warehouses from 5 Medical Centers and affiliated institutions exchange (>13 million patients)» Translational research» Patient safety surveillance» Quality improvement
Funded by the UC Office of the President
UC-ReX was formed in 2010
Phase 1
UC Davis 2.3M
UCSF 3.2M
UCLA 4.3M
UC Irvine 1.4M
UC ReX
SCANNER
USC
VA National Enterprise Data WarehouseVINCI 8.7M
UCSD 2.3M
CTSA hubNetwork
Altamed 200kChidlren’s Clinic 24k Queenscare 19k
21 Million people
Standardized data
Data governance
9 health systems
funded by
Phase 2
Idaho State University Pocatello Family Medicine 16k
Critical Access Hospital Network 20k
Family Medicine Residency of Idaho 39k
UC Davis 2.3M
UCSF 3.2M
UCLA 4.3M
UC Irvine 300k
USC Keck 2M
LA Children’s 200k
LA DHS 600K
Bi-State Primary Care Association 122kCherokee Health Systems 89kDenver Health Hospital Authority 150kColorado Community Managed Care Network350k
WWAMI Region Practice & Research Network
SAFTiNet
UC ReX
SCANNER
USC
VA VINCI 11M
UCSD 2.3M
Cedars-Sinai 2M
University of Washington CTSA
CTSA hubNetwork
Intermountain Healthcare 2M
San Mateo Medical Center 77k
University of Colorado Health System 672k
Altamed 200kChidlren’s Clinic 24k Queenscare 19k
31 Million people
Same standards
Data governance
23 health systems
University of Texas Houston (NLP)
Ohno-Machado L. To Share or Not To Share: That Is Not the Question. Science Translational Medicine, 2012 4(165)
homomorphic encryption
secure multiparty computation
iDASH “commons”
Sharing Data, Tools, Systems
differential privacy
indexing
Clinical Research Informatics CTRI
Clinical Trial Management System, RedCAPData Concierge ServiceManagement of iDASH HIPAA cloud
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iDASH On-Demand Resources
SafeHIPAA-compliantAnnotated Data deposit boxEnvironment
On-demandVirtualizedElasticResilientCompute AndStorageTechnology
HIPAA and non-public data
public data, tools, recipes
Pow
ered
by
MID
AS
Data Tools Recipes
upload & download data
compute request,direct upload & download of proprietary data, tool, recipe
middleware and HIPAA security developed by iDASH
Compute nodesMemoryDisk storageNetworking
Pow
ered
by
VMw
areAUTOMATED
iDASH HIPAA Private Cloud3 computation tiers3 storage tiers10GbE throughoutFull redundancyRSA Two Factor Auth.Remote data replication
800+ cores8TB+ RAM700TB+ storage
35 iDASH CLOUD customers196 instantiated VMs992 expired/destroyed VMs8.16 TB allocated memory680 TB storage consumed
Secure VM Templates• Full disk encryption• Built-in Firewall• Secure shared memory• No root SSH • Protected su• Harden sysctl networking• Disabled Open DNS Recursion• IP Spoofing protection• Hardened PHP for webapps• Apache application firewall -
ModSecurity• ModEvasive protection of
webapps from DDOS attacks
• Automatic logs scanning and banning of suspicious hosts -DenyHosts and Fail2Ban
• Intrusion Detection - PSAD• Periodic checking for RootKits -
RKHunter and CHKRootKit• Autoscan for open Ports - Nmap• Analysis of system log files -
LogWatch• SELinux / Apparmor application
boundary enforcement• System security auditing with
Tiger
iDASH Tools
Research Topic Tool NameDBP tool (1) SenSed
Genomics (10)
AbsCNVseqWhole Genome RVistaDNA-CompactHUGO (Hierarchical mUlti-reference Genome cOmpression)IDEPI (Identify Epitopes)MAAMD: A Workflow to Standardize Meta-Analyses and Comparison of Affymetrix Microarray DataREPREVER: REPeat REsolVER - find and reconstruct extra copies given copy number gain regionsVIRMID (VIRtual MicroDissection for SNP calling)WessimWIDGET (Web Interface for Dynamic Genome-privacy EvaluaTion)
Genomics/DBP tool (2)MAGIGenetic Query Language (GQL)
NLP (2)NLP Virtual MachinePFINDER
Patient centered (1) Pain prediction
Privacy (9)
Differentially Private Data Queries (DPDQ)OCEANSCUDA-miRandaDifferentially Private Logistic RegressionCount Perturbation Allowing User PreferencesPPSVMDifferentially Private Projected HistogramsSpectral SwappingWITNESS
Privacy/DBP tool (1) WebGLORE
• 26 tools impacting over 3,000 researchers• 2,048 unique views of website descriptions as of 6/4/15 (https://idash.ucsd.edu/idash-softwaretools)
iDASH SHADE Repositories
• Based on Kitware MIDAS open-source technology
• File-level access control• Separate PHI and Non-
PHI repositories• Two Factor Auth (PHI)
https://idash-data.ucsd.edu/
Public Communities
Name Date available Views Downloads SizeAbsCNseq Mar-14 72 81 3.6 MB
BREAST - RIDER Breast MRI Jun-12 269 3,059 6.8 GB
BREAST-MRI Jan-14 36 357 155 KB
Clinical Data Requests for Research Mar-14 130 245 6.0 KB
Clinical Notes and Reports Feb-14 25,839 259,768 765.8 MB
CT Colonography Feb-14 1485 790 12.6 GB
DMITRI1 May-12 258 1,271 470.5 KB
iDASH webinars May-15 161 180 7.5 MB
Informed Consent Templates Mar-14 94 158 31.3 GB
Kawasaki Disease Biomarker Jan-15 0 0 95 MB
KD-NLP April-15 0 0 282.5 KB
Laboratory Data Feb-14 0 2 587.7 MB
Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) Aug-12 4,241 229,425 120.8 GB
Observational Cohort Event Analysis and Notification System (OCEANS) Feb-14 37 89 813.1 KB
Pain Prediction Data Mar-14 2,181 11,933 2.3 MB
Physical Activity Sensor Data Jul-12 10,453 28,099 42.8 MB
Radiology Teaching Files Feb-14 1,925 7,277 62.5 MB
RIDER Lung CT Jul-12 342 20,647 10.3 GB
Trends in BMI publication Oct-13 40 271 187 KB
Total 47,563 563,643 183.4 GB
• 19 open-access communities with 130 registered users• 3,256 unique views of website descriptions as of 6/4/15 (https://idash.ucsd.edu/data-collections)
Whole Exome Pipeline Workflow
.fastq
.bam
.refined.bam
.vcf
.annotated.vcf
.copy_number
Alignment (BWA)
Duplicate removal (Picard)Quality Recalibration (GATK)
Indel Realignment (GATK)
Variant calling (VarScan)
Variant Annotation (Oncotator, VariantTools)
Copy Number calling (VarScan)
DatabasesdbNSFPExACdbSNPCOSMIC
.realigned.bam
QC and MetadataVariant countsOverlap with databasesSubstitution Profiles…
.fastq
.bam
.refined.bam
.realigned.bam
Pipeline InfrastuctureOmicsPipeSeq-Ware
NORMAL DNA TUMOR DNA
Repeatable Results
Workflow
Short reads
Index reference
Align to reference
Call variants
Annotate variants
Pick high impact
Deleterious SNPs
Blueprint
WorkflowShort reads
Index reference
Align to reference
Call variants
Annotate variants
Pick high impact
Deleterious SNPs
Cont
ext
Reference DB
Test data
Configuration
Helper tools
OS
Blueprint
WorkflowShort reads
Index reference
Align to reference
Call variants
Annotate variants
Pick high impact
Deleterious SNPs
Cont
ext
Reference DB
Test data
Configuration
Helper tools
OS
Blueprint
WorkflowShort reads
Index reference
Align to reference
Call variants
Annotate variants
Pick high impact
Deleterious SNPs
Cont
ext
Reference DB
Test data
Configuration
Helper tools
OS
Blueprint
WorkflowShort reads
Index reference
Align to reference
Call variants
Annotate variants
Pick high impact
Deleterious SNPs
Cont
ext
Reference DB
Test data
Configuration
Helper tools
OS
Instance
WorkflowShort reads
Index reference
Align to reference
Call variants
Annotate variants
Pick high impact
Deleterious SNPs
Cont
ext
Reference DB
Test data
Configuration
Helper tools
OS
iDASH On-Demand Resources
BookshelfMyDATA
InputResults
Instance
External Data
Collaborative ProjectsLinked R01s• Cardiac Atlas Project (R01HL121754)
» Goal: Develop accurate new methods for analyzing cardiac shape, mechanics and blood flow in CHD patients
• CYCORE: Cyberinfrastructure for Cancer Comparative Effectiveness Research (R01CA177996)
» Goal: Develop a system that improves the capture of patient-reported and objectively measured data from patients in cancer clinical trials
• Privacy-Preserved Sharing and Analysis of Human Genomic Data (R01HG007078) » Goal: Study and develop a suite of innovative and transformative techniques aimed at
achieving practical and cost-effective genomic data protection
• SHARE: Statistical Health Information Release with Differential Privacy (R0101GM114612)
» Goal: Develop a toolkit for enabling privacy-preserving health information release to cover different data modality and study needs
PCORI-funded methods grant to collaborator Li Xiong from EmoryNSF-funded infrastructure grant to collaborator Kevin PatrickR21 on cloud privacy to Xiaoqian Jiang
Journal Clubs
Webinars• iDASH External
https://idash.ucsd.edu/events/webinars» 49 since February 2011» Most well attended
• 4/15/2011 – Laura Rodriguez; “Sharing Genomic Data: NIH Data Sharing Policies Past, Present & Future” (100 attendees)
• 2/18/2011 – Deven McGraw; “Protecting Privacy in Secondary Use: the Promise and Limits of Deidentification” (86 attendees)
» Most SciVee views all time• 8/2/2013 – Elena Martinez and Ian Komenaka; “Informed Consent for Biospecimen Collection and Data
Sharing among Low-income, Uninsured and Underinsured Women: Is it a Matter of Trust? (Special Webinar)” (1,618 views)
• 6/17/2011 – Lucila Ohno-Machado; “Data Sharing in the 'Publish or Perish' Era: Barriers and Current Solutions” (1,360 views)
» Most SciVee views per month• 1/16/2015 – Florian Kohlmayer and Fabian Prasser; “ARX - A Comprehensive Tool for Anonymizing
Biomedical Data” (151 average monthly views)• 11/21/2014 – Nigam Shah; “Generating Practice-based Evidence from Electronic Health Records” (144
average monthly views)
• iDASH Internal» 37 since September 2011
Open Source Software
Bioinformatics Course, Maputo 2014
The Near Future
• Ethics technology» Instrument policy makers with algorithms and tools to
support ethics (including privacy)
• Serve HIPAA-storage and compute needs of a larger community» Data Discovery Index prototype environment» Private cloud for protected health information
• Hub infrastructure for large HIPAA-data networks» FISMA ATO» Distributed computing
Acknowledgements: DBMI
At UCSD since 2009, funded byNIH U54, UL1, U24, UH3, R21, U01, T15, R00, K22, K99, D43, UCBRAID/OP, PCORI, NVIDIA
iCONCURElizabeth BellDexter FriedmanRita Germann-KurtzBriand HerreraPaulina PaulJoe RamsdellRichard SchwabAmy Sitapati
Cleo MaeharaJeff GretheHua XuCui TaoTodd JohnsonPeter RoseRicky Taira
Vineet BafnaTyler BathJane BurnsSheila CastanedaMichele DayRobert El-KarehClaudiu FarcasOlivier HarismendyChun-nan HsuZhanglong JiXiaoqian JiangIan KomenakaJihoon KimElisa LeeEric LevyKevin PatrickElena MartinezGreg TalaveraStaal VinterboShuang WangWei Wei
NIHU54HL108460 R01LM011392UL1TR000100UH3HL108785 U24AI117966R00LM011392R21LM012060 K99HG008175T15LM011271D43TW007015R01GM114612 (Xiong)R01HG007078 (Tang)R01HL121754 (McCulloch)R01CA177996 (Patrick)PCORICDRN-1306-04819AHRQ R01HS019913UCOPNVIDIA
PhenDISCOSon DoanHyeon-eui KimKo-wei Lin
Zia AghaJason DoctorScott DuvallFern FitzhenryPietro GalassettiMichael HogarthKatherine KimCleo MaeharaMichael MathenyDaniella MeekerJonathan NebekerFred ResnicDena RifkinCarl StepnowskiHoward TarasMary Wooley
UC-ReXKent Anderson Nick AndersonLattice ArmsteadDoug BellDoug BermanLisa DahmLeslie Yuan
CTRiTony ChenDaniel ClarkJim GraczikGary FiresteinCarol JohnsonMike KalichmanAntonios KouresAshley Williams
Acknowledgements
David Brenner, Paul Viviano, Wolf Dillmann