ID C5-Sy23-i031-R Addressing,clinalvariaon...
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Significant differen.a.on was found between popula.ons from the three loca.ons, even a;er 6 genera.ons in a common environment (pairwise F st , P<0.05). In contrast, no differences were observed between popula.ons of the same origin across genera.ons (pairwise F st ,, P >0.05). Nevertheless, the J and U chromosomes significantly changed the frequency of their inversions between genera.ons 2 and 6 in Montpellier popula.ons (MANOVA tests, P<0.05). In par.cular, J 1 , J ST and U 1+2 showed consistent changes in two out of three replicates. Also, the O 3+4 arrangement presented a consistent increase in two of the Adraga replicates (see arrows in figure above; Post hoc DunneQ test, P <0.05). Addressing clinal varia<on: the rela<ve role of evolu<onary history and adapta<on to a novel environment Simões, P. , Fragata, I., Lima, M., LopesCunha, M., Kellen, B., Bárbaro A. M., Santos, J. and Matos, M. Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Lisboa, Portugal Final remarks Acknowledgments This study was partially financed by “Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia” (FCT) project nº PTDC/BIA-BEC/098213/2008. I.F. has a PhD grant (SFRH/BD/60734/2009) and J.S. had a PhD grant (SFRH/BD/28498/2006) from FCT. P.S. has a Post-Doc grant, M.C. has a BI grant and B. K. and M. L. had BTI grants from FCT. References Balanyà, J., J. M. Oller, R. B. Huey, G. W. Gilchrist & L. Serra (2006) Global genetic change tracks global climate warming in Drosophila subobscura. Science 313: 5794. La.tudinal clines are wellknown phenomena, although it remains unclear how and why they are maintained. Chromosomal inversions (arrangements) in Drosophila are one of the most emblema.c cases of such clinal varia.on and strong evidence supports an adap.ve cause for the evolu.on of these polymorphisms. Local adapta.on to heterogeneous environments has been advanced as a possible explana.on. Furthermore, recent work shows that these arrangements are responding to global warming at a worldwide scale (Balanyà et al. 2006). Nevertheless, the underlying adap.ve processes are s.ll largely unknown. The study of popula.ons ini.ally differen.ated throughout a cline, when adap.ng to a novel common environment may enlighten this issue. Will they converge? Here we present the first snapshot of a longer term study addressing temporal paQerns of varia.on in inversion frequencies of Drosophila subobscura popula.ons during laboratory adapta.on. Inversions in time and space A Principal Component Analysis was also applied to the frequencies of all inversions a;er transforma.on (Balanyà et al., 2006). The first axis clearly separates popula.ons according to their loca.on of origin, with Adraga popula.ons more differen.ated from the others. The second axis is associated with the number of genera.ons in the laboratory, with Adraga again sugges.ng a higher temporal varia.on. Exploring Inversions Drosophila subobscura individuals were collected in Adraga (Portugal), Montpellier (France) and Groningen (Netherlands) along a la.tudinal cline. Popula.ons were scored for inversion polymorphism at genera.ons 2 and 6 a;er laboratory introduc.on. Popula.ons were maintained at 18 o C with controlled densi.es, and were threefold replicated at genera.on 4. To score the inversion polymorphisms, 60 or more males of each popula.on were crossed with females of the cherry curled strain that is homokaryo.pic for the ‘standard’ arrangement in all chromosomes except the O which is O 3+4. When analyzing the weight of different arrangements in the popula.on differen.a.on we observe that the standard inversions are clearly associated with the northern popula.ons of Groningen, while warmer adapted arrangements such as A 2 , J 1 and O 3+4+7 help to explain the higher differen.a.on of the southern popula.ons of Adraga from the other 2 founda.ons. U 1+2 and rare arrangements of the O chromosome appear more closely related with the Montpellier founda.on. ID C5-Sy23-i031-R [email protected] WILL THIS LEAD TO CONVERGENT EVOLUTION? ONLY MORE GENERATIONS WILL TELL... • There are clear ini.al differences in inversion polymorphism which have a nonlinear associa.on with la.tude. Is this due to historical effects of geographic barriers? • Modest temporal changes occur in inversion frequencies a;er 6 genera.ons of laboratory evolu.on. Contras.ng paQerns between founda.ons changes in the O chromosome for Adraga and J and U for Montpellier Principal Component Analysis Ad1_G6 Ad2_G6 Ad3_G6 Mo1_G6 Mo2_G6 Mo3_G6 Gro1_G6 Gro2_G6 Gro3_G6 Ad_G2 Mo_G2 Gro_G2 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 Factor 1: 47.90% -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 Factor 2: 15.40% Ad1_G6 Ad2_G6 Ad3_G6 Mo1_G6 Mo2_G6 Mo3_G6 Gro1_G6 Gro2_G6 Gro3_G6 Ad_G2 Mo_G2 Gro_G2 Projection of the arrangements on the factor-plane ( 1 x 2) A1 A2 Ast E1+2 E1+2+9 E1+2+9+12 E1+2+9+3 E8 Est J1 Jst O3+4 O3+4+1 O3+4+12 O3+4+13+12 O3+4+2 O3+4+22 O3+4+23+2 O3+4+23+22 O3+4+6 O3+4+7 O3+4+8 O6 O7 Ost U1 U1+2 U1+2+8 Ust -1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 Factor 1 : 47.90% -1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 Factor 2 : 15.40% A1 A2 Ast E1+2 E1+2+9 E1+2+9+12 E1+2+9+3 E8 Est J1 Jst O3+4 O3+4+1 O3+4+12 O3+4+13+12 O3+4+2 O3+4+22 O3+4+23+2 O3+4+23+22 O3+4+6 O3+4+7 O3+4+8 O6 O7 Ost U1 U1+2 U1+2+8 Ust
Transcript of ID C5-Sy23-i031-R Addressing,clinalvariaon...
Significant differen.a.on was found between popula.ons from the three loca.ons, even a;er 6 genera.ons in a common environment (pairwise Fst, P<0.05). In contrast, no
differences were observed between popula.ons of the same origin across genera.ons (pairwise Fst,, P >0.05). Nevertheless, the J and U chromosomes significantly changed the
frequency of their inversions between genera.ons 2 and 6 in Montpellier popula.ons (MANOVA tests, P<0.05). In par.cular, J1, JST and U1+2 showed consistent changes in two out of
three replicates. Also, the O3+4 arrangement presented a consistent increase in two of the Adraga replicates (see arrows in figure above; Post hoc DunneQ test, P <0.05).
Addressing clinal varia<on: the rela<ve role of evolu<onary
history and adapta<on to a novel environment
Simões, P., Fragata, I., Lima, M., Lopes-‐Cunha, M., Kellen, B., Bárbaro A. M., Santos, J. and Matos, M.
Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Lisboa, Portugal
Final remarks
Acknowledgments This study was partially financed by “Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia” (FCT) project nº PTDC/BIA-BEC/098213/2008. I.F. has a PhD grant (SFRH/BD/60734/2009) and J.S. had a PhD grant (SFRH/BD/28498/2006) from FCT. P.S. has a Post-Doc grant, M.C. has a BI grant and B. K. and M. L. had BTI grants from FCT. References Balanyà, J., J. M. Oller, R. B. Huey, G. W. Gilchrist & L. Serra (2006) Global genetic change tracks global climate warming in Drosophila subobscura. Science 313: 5794.
La.tudinal clines are well-‐known phenomena, although it remains unclear how and why they are maintained. Chromosomal inversions (arrangements) in
Drosophila are one of the most emblema.c cases of such clinal varia.on and strong evidence supports an adap.ve cause for the evolu.on of these
polymorphisms. Local adapta.on to heterogeneous environments has been advanced as a possible explana.on. Furthermore, recent work shows that these
arrangements are responding to global warming at a worldwide scale (Balanyà et al. 2006). Nevertheless, the underlying adap.ve processes are s.ll largely
unknown. The study of popula.ons ini.ally differen.ated throughout a cline, when adap.ng to a novel common environment may enlighten this issue. Will
they converge? Here we present the first snapshot of a longer term study addressing temporal paQerns of varia.on in inversion frequencies of Drosophila
subobscura popula.ons during laboratory adapta.on.
Inversions in time and space
A Principal Component Analysis was also applied to the
frequencies of all inversions a;er transforma.on (Balanyà
et al., 2006). The first axis clearly separates popula.ons
according to their loca.on of origin, with Adraga popula.ons more differen.ated from the others. The
second axis is associated with the number of genera.ons
in the laboratory, with Adraga again sugges.ng a higher temporal varia.on.
Exploring Inversions
Drosophila subobscura individuals were collected in Adraga (Portugal), Montpellier (France) and Groningen (Netherlands) along a la.tudinal cline. Popula.ons were scored for inversion polymorphism at genera.ons 2 and 6 a;er laboratory introduc.on. Popula.ons were maintained at 18oC with controlled densi.es, and were three-‐fold replicated at genera.on 4.
To score the inversion polymorphisms, 60 or more males of each popula.on were crossed with females of the cherry curled strain that is homokaryo.pic for the ‘standard’ arrangement in all chromosomes except the O which is O3+4.
When analyzing the weight of different arrangements in the popula.on
differen.a.on we observe that the standard inversions are clearly
associated with the northern popula.ons of Groningen, while warmer-‐
adapted arrangements such as A2, J1 and O3+4+7 help to explain the
higher differen.a.on of the southern popula.ons of Adraga from the
other 2 founda.ons. U1+2 and rare arrangements of the O chromosome
appear more closely related with the Montpellier founda.on.
ID C5-Sy23-i031-R [email protected]
WILL THIS LEAD TO CONVERGENT EVOLUTION? ONLY MORE GENERATIONS WILL TELL...
• There are clear ini.al differences in inversion polymorphism which have a non-‐linear associa.on with la.tude.
è Is this due to historical effects of geographic barriers?
• Modest temporal changes occur in inversion frequencies a;er 6 genera.ons of laboratory evolu.on. è Contras.ng paQerns between founda.ons -‐ changes in the O chromosome for Adraga and J and U for Montpellier
Principal Component Analysis
Ad1_G6
Ad2_G6
Ad3_G6
Mo1_G6 Mo2_G6
Mo3_G6
Gro1_G6
Gro2_G6
Gro3_G6
Ad_G2
Mo_G2
Gro_G2
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
Factor 1: 47.90%
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
Fact
or 2
: 15.
40%
Ad1_G6
Ad2_G6
Ad3_G6
Mo1_G6 Mo2_G6
Mo3_G6
Gro1_G6
Gro2_G6
Gro3_G6
Ad_G2
Mo_G2
Gro_G2
Projection of the arrangements on the factor-plane ( 1 x 2)
A1
A2 Ast
E1+2 E1+2+9
E1+2+9+12
E1+2+9+3
E8
Est
J1
Jst
O3+4
O3+4+1
O3+4+12
O3+4+13+12
O3+4+2
O3+4+22
O3+4+23+2 O3+4+23+22
O3+4+6
O3+4+7
O3+4+8 O6
O7
Ost
U1
U1+2
U1+2+8
Ust
-1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0
Factor 1 : 47.90%
-1,0
-0,5
0,0
0,5
1,0
Fact
or 2
: 15
.40%
A1
A2 Ast
E1+2 E1+2+9
E1+2+9+12
E1+2+9+3
E8
Est
J1
Jst
O3+4
O3+4+1
O3+4+12
O3+4+13+12
O3+4+2
O3+4+22
O3+4+23+2 O3+4+23+22
O3+4+6
O3+4+7
O3+4+8 O6
O7
Ost
U1
U1+2
U1+2+8
Ust
