Ictc Tattitudes&Accidents Katteler

Accident involvement and traffic safety attitudes

Herman KattelerClara Woldringh

ITS, Radboud University

Nijmegen - NL

ICTCT Workshop Tartu, October 2004

Outline

Focus of the study Attitudes Accident involvement Attitudes and accident involvement


Aim of the study Guidance of traffic safety education

Relevant to DoE and DoT

Broad coverage


Comprehensive approach

Knowledge but also attitudes and behaviour

Not only road signs and rules: coverage of all relevant domains

All types of education


Domains Traffic rules; road signs Risk identification Changing of perspective Alcohol and drugs Dealing with group pressure Physical aspects Norms and values


Sub-domains

SSDomain 7

DDDomain x

DDDomain 1

BehaviourAttitudeKnowledge


Examples of sub-domains Risk identification

Recognizing risk Risk acceptance

Group pressure Knowledge: -- Propensity to group

conformity Peer behaviour

Alcohol, dugs Blood alcohol level

permitted Attitude towards

people driving with alcohol

Using alcohol


Requirements Applicable at any intellectual level In all types of education Test length of 45 minutes maximum Reliability; scale construction Validity


Approach Self-completion questionnaire Completion in class context Variety in presentation

Photographs Illustrated situations Item sets


1 s t p r e - t e s t3 c l a s s e s

s p e c i a l e d u c a t i o nt e s t d u r a t i o n

2 n d p r e - t e s t2 4 3 p u p i l s

c o m p r e h e n s i b i l i t ys c a l a b i l i t y

m a i n s t u d y1 . 6 0 0 p u p i l s

t h e r m o m e t e r

R e s e a r c h P r o c e s s< >< >


Additional information Length and complexity of home-

school route

Youngsters in rural areas

Accident involvement


Pupils sample (a)

Age groups: 45% 12-13 years old; 55% 14-16 years

old Traffic safety education:

20% without traffic safety education On average 10 hours safety education

over 3 school years


Pupils sample (b)

Number of risky situations: None 11% 1 34% 2+ 55% independent of where living

length of bike trip: cities 9% > 30 m small villages 27% rural area 56%


Knowledge of elementary basic rules

10 elementary right-of-way situations (bike-rider and 1 other road user)


Knowledge of elementary basic rules

Disappointing result: 33% achieved poorly; 20% moderately

Tendency to overcautious behaviour!


Laying down a standard...

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

norm kopgr peloton achterbl

gemiddelde60%70%

80%

40%


Attitudes: most negative ones

Attitude towards own unsafe/ incorrect behaviour

Propensity to behave decently Attitude towards group following

behaviour Action tendency: use of safety

increasing attributes


Attitudes towards traffic rules by age group

0%

2 0%

4 0%

6 0%

8 0%

1 2 ja a r 1 3 ja a r 1 4 ja a r 1 5 ja a r 1 6 ja a r


Alcohol: knowledge + attitude by age group

0

20

40

60

80

12 13 14 15 16good know ledge of effects of alcohol usage critical attitude


Girls – boys, 11 attitudes

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

meisjes

jongens


Action tendency: alcohol use

0 %

1 0%

2 0%

3 0%

4 0%

v m b o- 1 v m b o- 2 v m b o - 3 h a v o /v wo -

1

h a v o/v wo -

2

h a v o/v wo -

3


Accident involvement Usually: exclusively injuries Levels of seriousness

Injury Material damage Near-accident

Self-reports (last 2 years)


Accident involvement: %

Injuries 11%

}38% Material damage 34% }60%

Near-accidents 50%


Accident involvement

18

16

26

40

a c c id ent invo lvement

never

occasional

fairly frequent

very frequent


Intermediate conclusions

Accident involvement is a gradual phenomenon

Injuries tip of ice-berg: usual focus incomplete

Splendid variable for analysis Reliability to be improved


Predictive value of near-accidents for real accident involvement

62

47

25

0

20

40

60

80

never near-accidents

a couple ofincidents

every month/w eek

r=.34


Knowledge and accident involvement

Not correlated ! Better knowledge does not reduce

chance of accident involvement .00 < r < .07

Knowledge prerequisite > determining


Attitudes and accident involvement

Attitudes clearly correlated: r = > .20 Strongest correlations:

real acc near-accidentsPeer behaviour -.17 -.30Behave decently -.17 -.29Traffic rules and signs -.12 -.26 Risk acceptance -.15 -.25 Attitudes internally correlated basic

attitude


Predictive power of clusters of variables

a t t i t u d e s< >

. 3 6< >

i n f r a s t r u c t u r e< >

. 1 9< >

d e m o g r a p h y< >

. 0 6< >


Multivariate analysis Peer behaviour .28 Use of safe bike attributes .32 Nr of risky situations on-route .35 Tendency to behave decently .37 Length of home-school route .38 Degree of risk acceptance .39

mr = .39 r2 = .15


Conclusions Evidence for relevancy of attitudes Traffic safety education needed +

perspective Attitudes firmer predictors than

infrastructure Relevancy of broad accident

involvement concept


Colofon Herman Katteler / Clara Woldringh

ITSRadbout University [email protected]

Willem VermeulenTransport Research Group (AVV)[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



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