ICT Research Institute is a research strength of the University of Wollongong Transport Commons: A...
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![Page 1: ICT Research Institute is a research strength of the University of Wollongong Transport Commons: A public transport service based on my timetable Farzad.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081602/551ad23e550346b2288b5c25/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ICT Research Institute is a research strength of the University of Wollongong
Transport Commons:A public transport service based on my
timetable
Farzad Safaei
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ICT Research Institute is a research strength of the University of Wollongong
2
Are Cities Scalable?
More than 56% of us live in cities
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 3
The ‘evidence’
• As cities grow, going from A to B seems to get more difficult
• Investment in transport infrastructure growing faster than GDP– But we always seem to be in a catch up mode
3
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 4
Area = a2
The model
a
ε εRoad Length= a2/ Area∝
Population Area∝
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 5
Transport infrastructure scalability
A 2k
3 1
w0
2
ε
ε
p
3/2
A εw0
p3/2
Total Road Surface
Area
Congestion level
Population of road users during the
peak period
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 6
b
e
a
The model
Mean distance
a / 3; ∝ Area
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Growth rate of p
Number of Registered cars and station wagons in Australia
Source: ABS Motor Vehicle Census, Australia (9309.0)
Average Annual Growth Rate 1960 – 20104.2%
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 8
The scalability impact of p3/2
Assuming
• GDP growth rate of 3% pa
• Normalizing with respect to 1960 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
Transport cost (per-centage of GDP)
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100
5
10
15
20
25
Actual normalized cost
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 9
The transport infrastructure scalability
A εw0
p3/2
Population of road users during the
peak period
Congestion level
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100123456789
Congestion metric due to CPI based investment
increase
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ICT Research Institute is a research strength of the University of Wollongong
The Transport Commons
10
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The paradox
Billion Passenger km
Source: ABS, Bureau of Transport Economics – Working Paper 38
Urban Passenger Transport Usage
Car
BusRail
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 12
The paradox
We are faced with the shortage of transport services while a
massive over-supply of transportation resources is
choking our streets.
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 13
‘Solutions’
• Congestion taxes
• Discouraging ownership of cars
• Banning cars to enter city– Selective ban based on number plates
• Push the congestion load to cars– Allocated lanes for trams or buses– Allocated lanes for car pooling
It is all about the ‘stick’ – but we are not empowering people to do anything about this
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From:
To:
Submit
Home
Work
Transport Commons
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Private TaxiPick up: 13 min Cost: $27.50ETD: 45 min
Available rides:
Shared TaxiMultiple options Cost: $3 - $4ETD: 47-52min
Transport Commons Multiple options Reward: 250 pointsETD: 43-65min
Transport Commons
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Pick up: 2 minETD: 47 min
Pick up: 5 minETD: 52 min
Transport Commons
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 18
“What is common to the greatest number gets the least amount of care”
Aristotle
The Commons Dilemma
“We are locked into a system of ‘fouling our own nest’ so long as we behave as independent,
rational, free enterprises”
G. Hardin, ‘Tragedy of Commons’
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 19
The Commons Dilemma
• Failure of the doctrine of “Invisible Hand”– Individual and group rationality lead to
different outcomes
• Leads to– Over-exploitation– Under-provision
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 20
The Power of Commons
• We need the management of commons to be– Accountable– Able to enforce rules– Able to moderate supply and demand– Able to incentivize the right behaviour– Able to weed out perverse incentives
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 21
The Transport Commons
• You may consider registering yourself and your vehicle– Pass some safety checks– A free device to be installed in your vehicle
• Anytime that you wish, you may consider donating your trip to the commons
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 22
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 23
ETD: 43 min; Expected Revenue: 2500 points
ETD: 34 min; Expected Revenue: 1800 points
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 24
Not hitch hiking !
• The system knows who was picked up by who– And the providers are screened
• There is opportunity to report incidences or inappropriate behavior– Panic button
• Possible to provide community ‘ratings’
• Possible to enforce user preferences – Social networking on wheels!
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 25
Large-scale car pooling !
Currently, car pooling depends on– Serendipity– Face-to-face negotiations– Awkward social protocols– I am at the mercy of someone else’s timetable– Is not scalable
Transport Commons service takes care of all this
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 26
Service Viability
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 27
Influence of city topology
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 28
The economic considerations
• The marginal cost of providing this service is almost zero
• The benefits are huge
• Therefore, contribution to the transport commons benefits everyone – it is public good
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 29
Our Architecture
Can also be used in other contexts
TCM Route Server
TCM road status Server
Pricing and incentive models
Social Networking
models
Payment systems
VANET + 3G
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Farzad SafaeiSlide 30
Challenges
• Technical
• Legal and regulatory
• Social and cultural acceptance– Trust
• Economic incentivisation models
• Cross impact on other public transportation systems
• Transitional models
More than just building an ‘app’