1. 1. f;dr;=re ikaksfok ;dKh 10 fY%aKsh
2. 2. f;dr;=re ikaksfok;dKh(Information communication technology-ICT) hkq l=ulao@ tk" f;dr;=re ksudKh lsrSu" l
3. 3. f;dr;=re ikaksfok;dKfha (ICT)Nd;h wOHdmkfa;%h fuhg" l,ska ieliQ mrs.Kl wOHdmk jevigyka(learning CD) ria: wOHdmkh mrs.KlwdOdrl bf.kqu(CAL-Computer Assisted Learning) mrs.KlwdOdrl b.ekau(CBT-Computer Based Teaching) fj wdOdrl b.ekau(WBT-Web Based Teaching) mdi,a mrsmd,k lghq;=i|yd ^,sms ieliS"mdi,a iSkqj kdolsrSf jevigyk" Database ,website,Nd. m%;sM,ieeliS jeks lreKqoelah yel'
4. 4. mrs.KlwdOdrlbf.kqu(CAL-Computer Assisted Learning)
5. 5. l,ska ieliQ mrs.Kl wOHdmk jevigyka(learning CD)
6. 6. mrs.KlwdOdrl b.ekau(CBT-Computer Based Teaching)
7. 7. ria: wOHdmkh
8. 8. mdi,amrsmd,klghq;=i|yd Student database School bell
9. 9. School web sites
10. 10. lDIsldllghq;=i|yd
11. 11. E-government E-government u.ska rch iymqrjeishkaw;r csg,ainkaO;djlao, wfkl=;archkaydrchw;rinkaO;djka rchiyfiajdkshqla;slhska rchiyjHdmdrw;rinkaO;djlawe;sflf'
12. 12. fi!LHhfa;%h i`oyd (Health Sector) CT Scanner ,ECG ydEEG hka;%Nd;h fYaIffjoHjreka inkaOlr.ekSu (E- Channeling) ria:Y,HluislsrSu wdoshfhgf;aoelahyel'
13. 13. MRI iyCT Scanner hka;%Nd;h
14. 14. yDofha l%shdldrS;ajh uekSug ECG hka;%fha Nd;h
15. 15. EEG mrSKh
16. 16. ria:Y,HluislsrSu
17. 17. nexl=yduQ,Hfa;%h ;uYdLdldhd,ujqYdLdjiu.cd,.;lsrSui|yd iajhxl%shf,hka;%Nd;h(ATM Machine) uqo,ayqjudrelsrSu"f;dard.;afiajdi|ydjQ,am;a f.ui|ydTele banking- Phone banking l%uNd;h wka;cd,hyrydcd;Hka;ruQ,Hwdh;kiu.lghq;=lsrSu'
18. 18. ikaksfok fa;%h(Communication Sector) rl:k fiajdji|yd uqK ludka;hi|yd rEmjdyskS ".=jka,s jevigyka ksudKhiy ldYk lghq;= i|yd
19. 19. rEmjdyskS ".=jka,s jevigyka ksudKh iy ldYk lghq;= i|yd mrs.KlNd;dlrk wjia:djla
20. 20. m%jdykfa;%hi|yd (Transportation Sector) wd.ukyd .uk fomd;fka;=j fudag r:jdyk,shdmosxlsrSf fomd;fka;=j .=jka.ukamd,kh (Air traffic controlling) oHq;a .=jkam%fYm;a ksl=;alsrSu(E- ticketing) wdikfjkalsrSu (Reservation of Seats)
21. 21. .=jka.uka md,kh (Air traffic controlling)
22. 22. boslsrS fa;%h(Construction Sector) wvq houlskaf.dvke.s,s bos l< yels u k.r ksudKlghq;=i|yd
23. 23. wdrlaIlfa;%h ihs,yeisru kHIal n,d.dryeisru nqoaf;dr;=retla/ia lsrSuydYaf,aIKhi|yd
24. 24. wdrlaIlfa;%h CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) Camera moaO;s
25. 25. mrs.Kll%Svd (Computer Games) fpia jeks l%Svd ;=
26. 26. bxcsfkare lghq;= i`oyd
27. 27. o;a; iy f;dr;=re y`kd .ekSu wmgtosfkodyuqjkuQ,slw:hka,ndfoklsiswdldrhlgiliafkdl
28. 28. f;dr;=rehkqfudkjdo@ ,nkakdglsishw:hla,ndfokmrsosl%udkql+,jilialrk,oo;a;"f;dr;=ref,i y`kajhs' o;a;j,ska;SrK.;fkdyelsw;r tai`oydo;a;ilialrf;dr;=renjgm;al
29. 29. fuhmy;WodyrKfhkameyeos,s lr .;yel' wdodkh fros kQ,a fnd;a; .duka*elagrshl lihlaksmou lihueiSu fnd;a; we,a,Su ieliSu lih m%;sodkh
30. 30. o;a; f;dr;=re mka;shl
31. 31. f;dr;=re j, iqfYaIs;d wod, ldhh i`oyd W; h hq;=h' wod, ldhh i`oyd m%udKj;a h hq;=h' ksjeros h hq;=h' meyeos,sj f;are .; yels h hq;=h' Yajdi l< yels h hq;=h' ksjeros mqoa.,hd fj; ld f.h(Clock Speed) f,i oy`kajhs uOHieliq tallfha f.h uekSu i`oyd yia (Hertz- Hz)k tallh Nd;d lrhs ^3 GHz) 1000Hz = 1 KHz 1000KHz = 1MHz 1000MHz = 1 GHz uOHieliq tall ksmof mqfrda.dka f,i Intel iy AMD-(Advanced Macro Devices) hk wdh;k ye`oskah yel mrs.Klfha f.h i|yd RAM u;lho n,mdhs
32. 119. wdphktall$wu;ru;lh (Storage Devices/ Auxiliary Memory) Hard Drive Pen Drives
33. 120. CD -DVD- Blue ray disk
34. 121. COM-Computer Output on Microfilm
35. 122. Information Systems for Management Computer Speed - Examples Name Manufacturer Word Length (bits) Clock Speed (electrical cycles per second) Data Bus Width (bits) Celeron Intel 32 500-2600 MHz 64 Pentium III Intel 32 500-1400 MHz 64 Pentium IV Intel 32 3.2 GHz* 64 Itanium II Intel 64 1.5 GHz 128 Opteron AMD 64 2.6 Ghz 128 MHz = millions of Hertz (measure of speed) GHz = billions of Hertz Speed increase 130
36. 123. Computer casing j.2lstk 1.Desktop model 2. Tower model Computer case mrs.Klfhawmg msg;skaolakg,efnkwdjrKhfuf,iykajkq,efmrs.Klfhaish fldgiailrkqfhafuhwe;=,;h' Desktop model Tower model
37. 124. Computer casing j.
38. 125. mrs.Kl umqjrej fuhmrs.Klfha m%Odk mrsm:mqjrejhs' uOHieliq tallh u;l tall jeks foa fukau mrs.KlfhayelshdjkajeoshqKq lr.ekSug ilrkq ,nk wu;rmrsm:hkafydaiuyrndysrfuj, fyda Wmdx.ilsrSugwjYHmyiqlimhkq ,nkafkafuh hsfuys wu;rmrsm:hka i lsrSug myiqlimhkq,nkafkam%idrK jrhka (Expansion Slots) u`.sks.
39. 126. mrs.Kl umqjrej
40. 127. ujqmqjrefwe;s North bridge iysouth bridge u.ska md,khjktall
41. 128. kuH;e Odjl md,lh
42. 129. ,s/yekai jk ia:dkh(Power connector) iudka;r.; Wmdx. ijk ia:dkh (parallel port) cd,lrK jhrhi jk ia:dkh(Network port) h;=remqjrej i jk ia:dkh(PS/2 Key board port) ujqihi jk ia:dkh(PS/2 Mouse port) Yo Wmdx. i jk ia:dkh(Sounds Ports) USB Wmdx. ijk ia:dkh(USB Ports) fYa%Ks.; Wmdx. i jkia:dkh (9 pins/ 25 pins Serial port) drw
43. 130. PS/2 wdldrfhaflfjks(PS/2 Ports-Personal System/2 ) fuhgPS/2 wdldrfha h;=remqjrej iy ujqih i lrhs h;=remqjrej- o meye;sflfjksh ujqih- fld< meye;sflfjksh 1987 oSIBM -Personal System/2 series iu. fuu kumeKsfhah fndfyda umqjre j, fuu flfjks wi,ska ixfla; o fhdod we;'
44. 131. fY%aKs.; flfjks ^Serial ports) fY%aKs.; Wmdx. ^Seri al devices)m.Klhg inkaO lsug Nd; lrhs Wod-ndyska ilrk fudv(MODEM) Serial wdldrfha Mouse fuh ;=vq 9 iy ;=vq 25 (25-pins) f,i wdldr 2 ls
45. 132. iudka;rflfjksh(parallel port) iudka;r .; wdldrfhka inkaO jk WmlrK (Parallel Devices) inkaO lsug fuh fhdod.kS Wod-uqKhka;%h (Printer) iqmsrSlaIKh (Scanner) fuh uqK hka;%hi lrk flfjkshf,i o y`kajhsfuh ;=vq25 lska iuka; f
46. 133. cd,.;flfjksh (RJ-45- Registered jack ) mrs.Klcd,hla ieliSfoSmrs.Kllsysmhla tlsfklinkaOlsrSug fuu flfjkshfhdod .efka'-
47. 134. mrs.Kl;srflfjksh (Monitor Port) fuys jr 15 lafma
48. 135. ndysrskailrk VGA Card lsysmhlamy;oelaf
49. 136. HDMI Port (High Definition Multimedia Interface) fuu.skamrs.Klfhka tk csg,a ixd tf,iskau fudksgrhg ,ndfoa- tu ksid rEm j, .=K;ajhby, h'kuq;aVGA port u.ska fudksgrhg ,nd fokafka analog signals f'
50. 137. DVI port-Digital Video Interface fjdNd;dlrkqfha LCD panel iy graphic card j,ska Wiia;;ajfhka hq;= rEm ,nd .ekSugi|yd h
51. 138. FireWire port USB Wmdx. j, olakg we;s fndfyda,laIKfuysoolakg we; (Hot pluggable ,hot swappable)
52. 139. FireWire port fjdIEEE 1394, f,io ye|skaf' fuys f.h 800 Mbps go by, f'wkd.;fhafuh3.2 Gbps olajd by, hdyel' fuhg oekg WmlrK63lamuKinkaOl
53. 140. YajfY%aKs.;niaflfjksh (USB-Universal Serial Bus) j;udkfha ckm%shu flfjkshfuhhs fuu`.ska h;=re mqjrej (Key board) uQislh (Mouse) uqK hka;%h (Printer) ixLHdxl leurd(Digital Cameras) fudv WmlrKh(MODEM)jeks wdodkm%;sodk Wmdx. myiqfjka inkaO l< yel
54. 141. USB flfjksj, fYaI ,K fndfyda USB Wmdx. mrs.Klhg i l, .iska l%shd lrhs Plug and Play fuysoS Odjl/t,jq (Drivers) jevigyka ia:dmkh (Install) lsrSf wjYH;djhla fkdue; fndfyda USB Wmdx. i`oyd wjYH lrk ,sh ,nd .ekSu is lrkafka USB port tl yryduh mrs.Klh jid oeulska f;drj USB wdldrfhka Wmdx. i lsrSf iy ika lsrSf yelshdj (Hot pluggable /Hot swappable)
55. 142. tlaUSB flfjkshla u`.skaOdldrfha jQ Wmdx.hka 127 lg je ixLHdjla inkaO lsrSf yelshdj USB 2.0 flfjksj, oS ;;amrhg fu.dia 480 l(480 Mbps) f.hlska o;a; ifm%aIKh lsrSf yelshdj' USB flfjks j,fYaI ,K
56. 143. fuys oelafjkafkamrs.KlfhaPower Supply Unit ys we;s mrs.KlfhaOfldgiaj,g ,sh imhkflfjksf' no
57. 144. Power Supply unit ys we;=,; rEm igykla Power Supply unit i|yd,shimhk flfjksh
58. 145. YoWmdx.flfjks (Sounds Ports) fuhgSpeakers, Microphones jeksWmdx. ilrhs frdaimeyeflfjksh-Microphone ,dfld,flfjksh- Speakers iuyrmrs.Klj,fuuYoWmdx.hfkdue;sw;r tjekswjia:dj,oSthgwjYHmrsm: (Multimedia kit/circuit)fjku,oSf.kmrs.Klhgil
59. 146. fudvflfjksh(MODEM Port) mrs.Klhwka;cd,h yd inkaO lsrSug;amrs.Klfhka Fax heug;afuhNd; flf mrs.Klh;=< inkaO lrk fudv hka;% wNHka;r fudv (Internal MODEM) f,i o msg;ska inkaO lrk fudv hka;% ndysr fudv (External MODEM) f,i o y`kajhs fndfyda wjia:d j,oS fudvuhl rl:k jhr inkaO lsrSug flfjks 2 la we;Line in f,i we;af;a rl:k jhrh mrs.Klhyd inkaO lrkia:dkh jk w;rPhone hkqfjka i`oyka jkafka ndysrska i lrk rl:k jhrh i`oyd jk inkaO;djhhs fuu`.ska rl:k weu;= ,nd .ekSfyelshdj o we;(wka;cd,hyd inkaOfkdjk yd Fax fkdhjk wjia:d j, oS)
60. 147. wdphkhfyj;a o;a; .nvdlsrSu (Storage)
61. 148. wdphkh m%Odkfldgia 2 lgfnosh yel m%d:l wdphk tall (Primary Storage) oa;shsl wdphk tall (Secondary Storage) wdphkh(Storage) m%d:l wdphkh ^ m%d:l u;lh$m%Odku;lh & Primary Storage (Primary Memory/Main Memory) Wod( iiNd msiq u;lh oa;shslwdphkh $iyhl u;lh) Secondary Storage (Auxiliary Memory) Wod( oDv ;eh(^Hard disk)
62. 149. m%d:l wdphktall wO ikakdhl (Semiconductors) Nd; lrka ksmojhs- oa;shsl wdphk tall ksmoug pqNl ;dKh (Magnetic Technology) fyda m%ldY ;dKh (Optical technology) Nd; lrhs m%d:l wdphkfhauQ,sl ldhh jkqfha uOH ieliq tallhg wjYH lrk o;a; iemhSug ;djld,slj ;ekam;a lr ;nd .ekSuhs oa;shsl wdphkfha uQ,sl ldhh jkqfha wkd.;hg wjYH lrk o;a; Wmfoia yd f;dr;=re ;ekam;a lr ;nd .ekSuhs w
63. 150. mrs.Klu;lh (Computer memory) fuhm%Odkfldgia 3lgfnoshyel iiNd msiq u;lh(Random Access Memory) mGk ud;% u;lh^lshug muKla we;s u;lh& (Read Only Memory) jdrl u;lh (Cache Memory)
64. 151. iiNd msiqu;lh(Random Access Memory) RAM hk flkkay`kajhs fuys uQ,sl ldhh jkqfha uOH ieliq tallhg wjYH lrk o;a; iemhSug o;a; ;djld,slj ;ekam;a lr ;nd .ekSuhs fuh kYH u;l ldKavhg wh;a f mrs.Klhl ldhu;dj (Efficiency of a Computer) i`oyd fuu u;lh b;d jeo.;a f wjYH mrsos u;l tall(RAM cards) tla lrka fuys Odrs;dj je l< yelsh
65. 152. iiNdmsiqu;lhfldgia 2ls ia:s;sl iiNdmsiq u;lh(Static Random Access Memory- SRAM) .;sl iiNd msiq u;lh (Dynamic Random Access Memory- DRAM
66. 153. RAM cards j. SIMM-(Single Inline Memory Module) synchronous dynamic random access memory(SDRAM) DIMM-(Dual Inline Memory Module) SD RAM-'lgfyj;a Notches 2ls
67. 154. RAM cards j. DDR-(Double Data Rate) DDR- 1 pin 184 , DDR- 2 ,3 pins -240 ls lg fyj;a Notche 1ls 32 MB isg 4GB olajd Odrs;dfjka hqla;h'
68. 155. mGkud;%u;lh(Read Only Memory-ROM) kYH fkdjk u;lhls -mrs.Kl ksIamdok wdh;k iska mrs.Klfha uQ,sl wdrNl l%shdldrl i|yd wjYH ia;rfuys;ekam;a lr we; -ujqmqjrej u;msysgd we;'
69. 156. mGk ud;%u;lhwdldr2ls l%uf,aLkhl
70. 157. jdrlu;lh(Cache Memory) uOH ieliq tallhg wjYH lrk o;a; .uka lrkafka iiNd msiq u;lh yrydhs kuq;a uOH ieliq tallhg (Central Processing Unit-CPU) wjYH lrk ;r f.fhka o;a; ,nd oSf yelshdjla RAM j,g ke; Bg fya;=j tu u;lfha f.h uOH ieliq tallfha f.hg jvd wvq uhs fuu wvqmdvqj u`. yerSu i`oyd Cache u;lh Nd;d lrkq,ef
71. 158. jdrl u;lfhawdldr3 la we; m%d:ljdrlu;lh(Primary Cache memory-(level-1[L1]) fuhCPU tl;=
72. 159. md,k tallh(Control Unit)wxl .Ks;uh yd ;dlsl tallh(Arithmatic & Logic Unit) frcsia;r u;lh(Memory Register) jdrl u;lhCache Memoryyd m%Odk u;lhRAMmrs.Klh ;=< msysgd we;s whqre L1, Main Memory RAM L2, Cache Memory L3 frcsia;ru;lfha isg L1 jdrlu;lh L2 "L3 "RAM u;lholajd wkqms
73. 160. mrs.Kl u;lfha .;s,laIKwkqjwdldr 2ls u;lh Memory kYH u;lh (Volatile memory) kYHfkdjku;lh (Non Volatile memory)
74. 161. mrs.Kl u;lfha .;s ,K wkqju;lh my; wdldrhg fnosh yel kYHu;lh(Volatile memory) fuys fYaI ,Kh "tys ;ekam;alrwe;s o;a;iy f;dr;=remrs.Klfha ,sh ika u;a iu`. kdY uhs WodyrK -iiNd msiq u;lh kYH fkdjk u;lh(Non volatile memory) fuys ;ekam;alrwe;s o;a;iy f;dr;=reia:djrj mj;sk w;r,sh ika fuka tajdg lsis n,mEula we;s fkdf WodyrK- mGk ud;%u;lh (ROM)
75. 162. oa;shsl wdphktall(iydhl u;lh) Secondary Storage Unit (Auxiliary Memory) o;a; ia:djrj ;ekam;a lsrSug fjdNd; f WodyrK- kuH;eh(Floppy disk) oDv ;eh(Hard disk)
76. 163. kuH ;eh (Floppy disk) fuyspqnl ;dKh (Magnetic technology) Nd;d f1.44 MB muK we; o;a;lshu iy ,su is lrhs wo jk g Nd;fhka bj;a fjka mj;Sb;dwvq f.hlska o;a;lshu iy ,su is lrhs wfkl=;a wdphk tall iu`. iei`oSf oSOdrs;djb;dwvq h kuH ;ew`.,a 8 , 5.25 , 3.5 m%udKj,ska ksmof fjd tyd fuyd f.khdu myiq jqj;a Odrs;djb;dwvq ksid Yd, f.dkq f.khdu wmyiq u wjdisodhl h
77. 164. Zip Disk iyJazz Disk fjdo kuH;e yd iudkjk w;r ;ekam;a l< yels o;a; m%udKh kuH ;e fuka lsysm .=KhlsZip Disk j, Odrs;dj 100MB^fu.dnhs& isg 700 MB olajd o Jazz Disk j, .s.d nhsg 1 l (1 GB) yd2 l (2GB) Odrs;dfjka hqla; f
78. 165. oDv;eh(Hard disk) mrs.Klfha o;a; ;ekam;a lsrSugjefhkau Nd;jkafka fuhhs fjdfha o;a; ;ekam;a lrkqfha pqnl ;e (Platters) u;h'fuys fujeks ;e lsysmhla mej;shyels w;rtajd ish,a, tla oKavla(Spindle) u;i lrwe;fuu ish ;etljr tlu f.hlska lrlefjk w;rta yeu ;ehla i`oydu fjk fjku lshu yd ,su is lrkYSIhla (A read /Write head)ne.skai lr;sf fjdfha f.h tys m%fY ld,h (Access time) u`.ska ukskq ,nhs fuu ld,h uekSu i`oyd ,s ;;amr(milisecond) (;;amrfhka1000 ka fldgila= ,s ;;amr1hs& Nd;dlrhs j;udkfha 1TB jQ oDv;eofj