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ICT Access & e-Government
Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division (IDD)
ESCAP-Funded by KECF-
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Table of Contents
Ø Objectives and expected outcomes of the roundtable
Ø ESCAP overview
Ø Regional overview on ICT for Development
Ø ICT to address Health- and Poverty-related MDGs
Ø Overview of KECF project
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Objectives and expected outcomes of the roundtable
Identify the capacity building needs of policy makers and implementers in the area of ICT and governance;Identify the information, product and service needs of member states and gaps exists to promote inclusive and sustainable socio-economic development;Provide guidance on various legislative/policy issues and options; Provide a platform to find out solutions to the existing problems and constraints;
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Objectives and expected outcomes of the roundtable (cont.)
Raise awareness on recent developments in the use of ICT; Establish a network among participants (networking tool); Partnership buildingProvide guidance to ESCAP for its future activities;
Finally, to generate invaluable comments, inputs, views to further develop our programme of work and improve our service to our clients
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
ESCAP overview
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
ESCAP Regional development arm of the United Nations
Serves as the main economic and social development centre for the United Nations in Asia-Pacific
Provides the strategic link between global and country-level programmes and issues
Supports Governments of countries in the region in consolidating regional positions to approach regional and global challenges
HQ located in Bangkok, Thailand
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
ESCAP Conference Structure
Eight committees (July 2008)- from three committees
Committees under the Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction (IDD);
Information and Communications Technology (CICT)
Disaster Risk Reduction (CDRR)
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Committee on ICTIssues to be addressed:
Integration of ICT-related issues in development policies, plans and programmes
Transfer of ICT applications at the regional and subregional levels
Development of human and institutional capacity in the use of ICT
ICT applications for disaster risk reduction
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
IDD: Subprogramme Objectives…
Increase sharing of knowledge among ESCAP member States on policy options, strategies and best practices for ICT connectivity and for integrating multi-hazard disaster risk reduction into national development plan and programmes; Strengthen regional cooperative mechanisms in support of ICT connectivity and disaster risk management; Improve capabilities of member States in the field of multi-hazard assessment, preparedness, early warning and response to disaster risks; Improve institutional capacity of ESCAP member States to apply ICT for socio-economic development.
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
ESCAP ICT StrategyEconomic Connectivity:Economic Connectivity: ICT applications for trade and transport development and facilitation
Social Connectivity:Social Connectivity: Promotion ICT and its tools to achieve IADG
Pacific Connectivity:Pacific Connectivity: connect the unconnected and islands
ICT for DRR:ICT for DRR: effective integration of ICT applications with other information technologies for effective disaster managementRegional cooperationRegional cooperation for socio-economic development oriented ICT applicationsInnovation in ICT applicationsInnovation in ICT applications and facilitiesICT capacity buildingICT capacity building through the Asian and Pacific Training Centre for ICT for Development (APCICT)
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Regional Overview: ICT for Inclusive and
Sustainable Socio-economic Development
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Mobile Technology
Mobile networks are expanding rapidly among LDCs, especially LLDCs, with over 100% growth between 2003-2008
SIDS generally show slower growth than the rest
Mobile communication is the predominant means for communication among LDCs
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Figure: Penetration of mobile phones in selected countries in the Asia-Pacific region
Penetration of mobile phones (selected countries)-2008
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Internet
• The lowest Internet subscriber number found in South and South-West Asia with 8.6 per 100 populations with the highest average CAGR of 27.8%
• The highest number, 44.2, is found in the Pacific (including Australia and New Zealand), with negative growth between (-0.4%)
• ESCAP average in 2008 is 17.4
• LDC average is 0.6
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Broadband Internet per 100 populations
Country/Name 2003 2008 CAGR(%)
Republic of Korea 23.701 32.1 6.3
Japan 11.722 23.7 15.1
Singapore 10.041 21.7 16.7
Malaysia 0.447 4.8 60.9
Kazakhstan 0.007 3.6 252.7
Cambodia 0.003 0.1 80.9
Viet Nam 0.011 1.5 165.7
Azerbaijan 0.005 0.7 169.7
India 0.013 0.4 103.5
Iran (Islamic Rep.) 0.001 0.4 232.2
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Broadband subscription: overview
The most obvious digital divide appears in the number of broadband usage
Negative correlation between decline in fixed telephone lines and growth in broadband subscription
Some countries are catching up rapidly
ESCAP average is 3.9 per 100 populations
South and South-West Asia: rapid growth (99.1%) but still low number (0.67)
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
A AfghanistanA BangladeshA BhutanA IndiaA Iran(Islamic Rep)
A MaldivesA NepalA PakistanA Sri Lanka
country
0.000 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000
ICTAccess
0.000
0.250
0.500
0.750
1.000
eGovt
AA
AAA
AA
A
EGovt vs ICT Access, 2008 Index
South-Asia
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
A Brunei DarussalamA CambodiaA IndonesiaA Lao PDR
A MalaysiaA MyanmarA PhilippinesA Singapore
A ThailandA Timor-LetseA Viet Nam
country
0.000 2.000 4.000 6.000 8.000
ICTAccess
0.000
0.250
0.500
0.750
1.000
eGo
vt
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
EGovt vs ICT Access, 2008 Index
South-East Asia
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Where should we go from here
MDGs and WSIS goals: ICT access would be fundamental in achieving them
Capitalizing on exponential mobile growth -> more poor and vulnerable people getting communications means for the first time
Development of information and communications infrastructure, the foundation of ICT applications, relies on private and public financing
Private sector accounts for heavy capital input for
infrastructure and network development.
Broadband and mobile communications are driving economic growth in developing countries
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
ICT to address Health- and Poverty-related MDGs
(Millennium Development Goals)
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
E-Government for the MDGs
E-government is a powerful tool for achieving the MDGsIncreasing efficiency and effectiveness of public administration
Expanding reach and speed of public services delivery
Using technology to reach the underserved (examples: mobile financial services and mobile health )
“To do more with less resources”
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) – Selected Indicators
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
•By 2010, the Asia-Pacific region will have close to 53 million international migrants – one quarter of the world’s migrants.
Migration, Remittances and an Inclusive financial System
International remmittances as % of GDP, 2008
50
38
28 2622
11 11
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Tajikis
tan Tonga
Kyrgyz
Repu
blic Samoa
Nepal
Bangla
desh
Philipp
ines
•Remittances are often spent on household expenses and basic subsistence needs (food, clothing, health and payment of debts)
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Part of the solution: Mobile financial services
More than 1 billion people in emerging markets do not have a bank account but do have a mobile phone.
It is estimated that the use of mobile phone to transfer remittances may exceed 1/2 a billion people by 2014.
Examples of companies providing mobile financial services in developing countries:
M-Paisa in Fiji; Easypaisa in Pakistan; EKO/SBI, ICICI, and Nokia - Obopay in India; WING Money in Cambodia, Grameen - Obopay in Bangladesh, Smart Communication and Globe Telecom in the Philippines, etc.
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Part of the solution: Mobile Health
M-Health: Using mobile communications - such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and mobile phones - for health services and information. Potentials:Healthcare workers to provide real-time diagnoses and accurate health information in rural as well as marginalized areas where no health services existRemote diagnosis, monitoring and evaluationImproving quality, efficiency and cost-effectiveness of careTracking of diseases and monitoring of populations at riskCoordinating response to disease events and natural disasters.
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Capacity-building
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Tele-consulting and emergency assistance
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Public Awareness
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Data Collection and Early Warning
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Where should we go from here?Establish effective and efficient ICT regulationIncreasing awareness to develop and adopt mobile applications, for example: mobile financial services, and m-health.Ensure development of the required infrastructureProvide a framework for the provision of electronic services and development of applications, i.e. mobile remittances, mobile banking, and mobile health.Define guidelines and standards for mobile applications including: interoperability, quality of service, customer protection, confidentiality, logical and physical security of transactions and infrastructure.Develop skills among government officials, business sector and end users.
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Overview
of the KECF projectStrengthening ICT policies & applications to
achieve MDG & WSIS goals in Asia & the Pacific
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Introduction of KECF project
KECF : Korea-ESCAP Co-operation Fund
$ 12.4 million, 184 projects (1987~2010)
KECF project on ICT (May 2009~May 2011)
Strengthening ICT policies & applications to achieve MDG & WSIS goals in Asia & the Pacific
Goal
- Expand ICT access in the under-serviced areas of the LDC, LLDC and SIDS for development-oriented ICT applications
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Overview of KECF project
1. sub-Regional Workshops (Oct. 2009)
� Analysis revealed
emerging trends- phenomenal growth of mobile - substitution effect (fixed vs. mobile)
characteristics & different pattern of growth in ICT access
� Cooperation policy & decision makers of LDC,
LLDC & SIDS (49 participants)
share experience & practices
� South & Central Asia, South-East Asia & the Pacific
� Analysis on Current Status of ICT access Technological, policy & regulatory
options to expand ICT access
� Studies to link findings & discussion outcomes to
- information dissemination & applications- policy recommendations & options
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Overview of KECF project
2. ICT access & e- Gov’t for Achieving the MDGs (round table, June 2010)
Results of the previous sub-regional workshops
: Telecommunications Regulation Report in the Asia Pacific Region
(David Butcher)� Aims to identify possible regulatory reforms among member countries
� Studies regulation structure (monopoly ~ competitive) & issues how to bridge the digital divide
� Asian Experience changes in ICT trends in-depth Analysis on 6 countries & other examples
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Overview of KECF project
2. ICT access & e- Gov’t for Achieving the MDGs (round table, June 2010)
� Summary of conclusions (1/3)
Ü Competitive Regulation effective to reduce price, improve services & expand coverage functional separation of policy, regulation, biz management and ownership defined legal mandate for the regulator & transparency
F treatment of all networks equally (non-discriminatory regulation), technology-neutral license (horizontal regulation) can - increase participation of new service providers- enable convergence of wide services onto same infrastructure
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Overview of KECF project
2. ICT access & e- Gov’t for Achieving the MDGs (round table, June 2010)
� Summary of conclusions (2/3)
Ü Behavioral vs. Structural Regulation behavioral regulation (ex. Price control, standards & quality of
service approval) is technology specific
F structural regulation is technology neutral so that it facilitates commercial & technological innovation
F competition is more effective than price setting approachto reduce price & increase access to network
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Overview of KECF project
2. ICT access & e- Gov’t for Achieving the MDGs (round table, June 2010)
� Summary of conclusions (3/3)
Ü Bridging the Digital Divide Malaysia, South Korea, Australia have promoted governmentled initiatives to speed the digital divide but, for most countries in the region this is not possible
F Hoppe’s law : “Any network facing competition will expand”- intensive competition from wireless alternatives- need to encourage infrastructure & facilities sharing
F non-discrimination (ex. Geographically), fair & clear process achieve good outcomes
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Overview of KECF project
3. Concluding meeting (Nov. 2010)
2. Round 2. Round Table Table
1. Regional 1. Regional WorkshopWorkshop
� In conjunction with 2nd session ofCICT (committee on ICT)
� In this committee present the findings of studies &in-depth gap discuss on policy options for implementation at the national level ®ional cooperation introduce platform for network among policy & decision makers
3. Concluding3. Concludingmeeting meeting
UNPOG / ESCAP Conference, 17-18 June 2010. Seoul
Introduction of KECF project
Thank you kindly…
More information available from;
http://www.unescap.org/idd/