ICSID - Tidewater v Venezuela - Award - 13 March 2015
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Transcript of ICSID - Tidewater v Venezuela - Award - 13 March 2015
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8/9/2019 ICSID - Tidewater v Venezuela - Award - 13 March 2015
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
EL\ED Lbso Fg BXH/2>/?
(2) TEDO]BTOX EFQO\TIOFT \XK
(8) TEDO]BTOX LBXEHO, L.B.
Lkbeibfts
“bfd“
TJO HGKEQBXEBF XO^_HKEL GA QOFOP_OKB
Xospgfdoft
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
B]BXD
WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
rofdorod hy
^rgaossgr Lbiphokk IlKbljkbf RL, ^rosedoft
Dr. Bfdrås Xemg \urodb, Brhetrbtgr
^rgaossgr Hremetto \torf, Brhetrbtgr
\olrotbry ga tjo Trehufbk
Ir. Ibrlg Tukeg Igftbòås-Xuibygr
Xoprosoftefm Tedowbtor
Ir. Iemuok Küpoz AgrbsteorIr. Tjgibs K Luhhbmo EEEIr. Bkoxbfdor B. HorofmbutIr. Dbfeok O. IbtrgIs. Messokko \. HgurfsLgvefmtgf & Hurkefm KK^Gfo Lety Loftor:?> Toftj \troot, F.].]bsjefmtgf, D.L. 8>>>2-45?1_FETOD \TBTO\ GA BIOXELB
Ir. Hrulo KufdstrgiTEDO]BTOX EFL.1>>8 Xgmordbko Xgbd\ueto 1>>Jgustgf, Toxbs ==>=8_FETOD \TBTO\ GA BIOXELB
Xoprosoftefm Qofozuokb
Dr. Xoefbkdg Ofrequo Iuògz ^odrgzb^rglurbduréb Moforbk do kb XopðhkelbBv. Kgs Ekustros lrulo lgf lbkko Arbfleslg Kbzo Ibrté.Odeaeleg ^rglurbduréb Moforbk do kb Xopðhkelb. ^esg :._rh. \bftb Iüfelb.Lbrblbs 2>4>,QOFOP_OKB
Ir. Mogrmo Cbjbko EEEIs. Ierebi C. Jbrwggd
Ir. Hof ^rozegseIs. Mbhreokb Âkvbroz ÂvekbIs. Lkbudeb Arutgs-^otorsgfIr. Okgy Hbrhbrâ do ^brrosL_XTE\, IBKKOT-^XOQG\T, LGKT & IG\KO KK^2>2 ^brc BvofuoFow Ugrc, FU 2>2=:_FETOD \TBTO\ GA BIOXELB
Dbto ga despbtlj tg tjo ^brteos0 2< Ibrlj 8>2?
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
MKG\\BXU GA DOAEFOD TOXI\ ............................................................................................. ee
TBHKO GA LB\O\ .................................................................................................................. ev
E EFTXGD_LTEGF ............................................................................................................ 2
B
Xoquost agr Brhetrbtegf ...................................................................................................... 2
H ^rglodurbk jestgry .............................................................................................................. 2
L Abltubk hblcmrgufd ............................................................................................................ 4
EE TJO ^BXTEO\― \_HIE\\EGF\ .......................................................................................... =
B Kebhekety ............................................................................................................................... =
2.
^rokeiefbry ..................................................................................................................... =
8.
Tjo slgpo ga tjo oxprgprebtegf ..................................................................................... :
8. Dbto ga vbkubtegf ......................................................................................................... ?
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
MKG\\BXU GA DOAEFOD TOXI\
Bstevoflb Bstekkorgs do Qofozuokb, L.B.
Hbrhbdgs HET Bmrooioft hotwoof tjo Mgvorfioft ga Hbrhbdgs bfd tjoMgvorfioft ga tjo Xopuhkel ga Qofozuokb agr tjo ^rgigtegf bfd^rgtoltegf ga Efvostiofts (semfod 2? @uky 2554, oftorod eftg agrlo)
Hrbekgvscy/
Akgros 2 / 8
Aerst Oxport Xopgrt gf Qbkubtegf propbrod hy Qkbdeier Hrbekgvscy &Dbfeok Akgros (84 Gltghor 8>224)
Hrbekgvscy
^rosoftbtegf 2
Qbkubtegf Bpprgblj, Deslguft Xbto bfd ^ro-Bwbrd Eftorost^rosoftbtegf (2> @ufo 8>24)
Lkbeibfts gr Tedowbtor Tedowbtor Efvostioft \XK bfd Tedowbtor Lbreho, L.B.
Lgrglgrg Lgftrblt Lgftrblt LG->1= (Ox L-88)
Lbrdüf Lgftrblt Ox L-:1.
LQ^ Lgrpgrbleüf Qofozgkbfb dok ^otrükog \B, b wjgkky-gwfodsuhsedebry ga ^DQ\B
Aemuorb 2 / 8 Derolt Tosteigfy ga Xuhåf Aemuorb (84 Gltghor 8>224)
Akgros ^rosoftbtegf 2 ^gwor^geft ^rosoftbtegf bllgipbfyefm derolt tosteigfy ga Dr.Akgros (22 @ufo 8>24)
Hrbekgvscy/Akgros
Bfswors tg Ruostegfs
^gwor^geft ^rosoftbtegf0 Xospgfdoft―s Oxports― Bfswors tgTrehufbk―s Ruostegfs (28 @ufo 8>24)
Mukibr Gaasjgro Mukibr Gaasjgro Ieddko Obst K.K.L.
Efvostioft Kbw Qofozuokbf Kbw gf tjo ^rgigtegf bfd ^rgtoltegf ga Efvostiofts(Koy sghro ̂ rgigleüf y ̂ rgtolleüf do Efvorsegfos), dbtod < Gltghor2555 (bs puhkesjod ef tjo Gaaelebk Mbzotto Fg. ?. ga 88 Gltghor2555)
Cojgo 2 / 8 Derolt Tosteigfy ga Morbrd ^. Cojgo (85 @uky 8>224)
Kb Lbòbdb Kb Lbòbdb, b tgwf gf tjo sjgros ga Kbco Ibrblbehg, Qofozuokb,wjoro \OIBXLB jbd ets jobdqubrtors
Iefestry Iefestoreg dok ^gdor ^gpukbr pbrb kb Oformeb y ^otrgkog Iefestry gatjo ^gpukbr ^gwor agr Oformy bfd ^otrgkoui
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
Fbvembft 2 / 8 Oxport Xopgrt ga Hroft L. Cblzibroc agr Fbvembft Lgfsuktefm, Efl.(85 @uky 8>224)
Fbvembft ^rosoftbtegf
2
^gwor^geft ^rosoftbtegf bllgipbfyefm derolt tosteigfy ga Ir.Cblzibroc (2> @ufo 8>24)
Fbvembft Bfswors tg
Ruostegfs
^gwor^geft ^rosoftbtegf0 Xospgfso tg Trehufbk Ruostegfs argi 22@ufo 8>24 (28 @ufo 8>24)
^DQ\B ^otrükogs do Qofozuokb, \.B.
^DQ\B ^otrükog ^DQ\B ^otrükog, \.B.
^otrg\ulro ^otrg\ulro, \.B.
Xoquost Biofdod Xoquost agr Brhetrbtegf dbtod 2 Ibrlj 8>2<
Xosorvo Kbw Koy Grmâfelb quo Xosorvb bk Ostbdg Heofos y \orvelegs Lgfoxgs b kbs Bltevedbdos ^reibrebs do Jedrglbrhurgs SGrmbfel Kbw tjbt Xosorvostg tjo \tbto tjo Bssots bfd \orvelos Xokbtod tg ^reibry Blteveteos gaJydrglbrhgfsY (= Iby 8>>5) (Ox XK-2)
Xospgfdoft gr Qofozuokb
Tjo Hgkevbrebf Xopuhkel ga Qofozuokb
Xosgkutegf Fg. ?2 Xosgkutegf Fg. ?2 ga tjo Iefestry ga ^gpukbr ^gwor agr Oformy bfd^otrgkoui (: Iby 8>>5) (Ox XK-=)
\OIBXLB Tedowbtor Ibrefo \orvelo, L.B.
\OIBXLB Oftorpreso Tjo vbkuo ga Lkbeibfts― oquety ef \OIBXLB tgmotjor wetj\OIBXLB―s Jobdqubrtors bt Kb Lbòbdb (Ioigrebk S51Y)
\orvepelb Mubftb Lgfsukt, L.B. & \orvelegs ^elbrde, L.B.
\uppky Qossoks
Lgftrblt (Lgftrblt Fg. 418=) (Ox X-:=)
Tedowbtor Lbreho gr\olgfd Lkbeibft
Tedowbtor Lbreho, L.B.
Tedowbtor Hbrhbdgs grAerst Lkbeibft
Tedowbtor Efvostioft \XK
Tums Lgftrblt (Lgftrblt Fg. :>8=) (Ox X-:1)
]okks 2 / 8 Oxport Xopgrt ga ^rga. Kgues T. ]okks (84 Gltghor 8>224)
]grkd Hbfc Muedokefos ]grkd Hbfc Muedokefos gf tjo Trobtioft ga Agroemf DeroltEfvostioft 2558 (LK-2?8)
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
TBHKO GA LB\O\
BDL v Jufmbry BDL Baaekebto Ktd v Jufmbry EL\ED Lbso Fg BXH/>>1) 2? EL\ED Xop ?28)
Ljovrgf v Olubdgr Ljovrgf Lgrp v Olubdgr _FLETXBK (^brtebk Bwbrd gf tjo Iorets, Ibrlj 8>2>)
Ljgrzüw Abltgry Ljgrzüw Abltgry (Moribfy v ^gkbfd) (Iorets) (258:) ^LE@ Xop \or BFg 2=
LI\ v Brmoftefb LI\ Mbs Trbfsiessegf Lgipbfy v Brmoftefb EL\ED Lbso Fg BXH/>2/:
(Bwbrd, 28 Iby 8>>?)
Lgftefoftbk
Lbsubkty v
Brmoftefb
Lgftefoftbk Lbsubkty Lg v Brmoftefb EL\ED Lbso Fg BXH/>>1)
Duco v ^oru Duco Oformy Eftorfbtegfbk ̂ oru Efvostiofts Fg 2 Ktd v ̂ oru EL\ED LbsoFg BXH/>22)
Oiies v Jufmbry Oiies Eftorfbtegfbk Jgkdefm HQ v Jufmbry EL\ED Lbso Fg BXH/28/8(Bwbrd, 21 Bprek 8>24)
Ofrgf v Brmoftefb Ofrgf Lgrp bfd ^gfdorgsb Bssots K^ v Brmoftefb EL\ED Lbso FgBXH/>2/>=)
Auffocgttor v
Peihbhwo
Auffocgttor v Xopuhkel ga Peihbhwo EL\ED Lbso Fg BXH/>?/1 (Bwbrd,88 Bprek 8>>5)
Mgotz v Hurufde Bftgefo Mgotz v Hurufde EL\ED LbsoFg. BXH/5?/< (Bwbrd, 2> Aohrubry 2555) 1 EL\ED Xop <
Jeipurfb v ^T
(^orsorg)
Jeipurfb Lbkeagrfeb Oformy Ktd (Horiudb) v ^T (^orsorg) ^orusbjbbf
Kestruec Fombrb (Efdgfoseb) (Aefbk Bwbrd, 4 Iby 2555) ZZQ Uhc Lgii
Brh 22
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
Koiero v _crbefo @gsopj Ljbrkos Koiero v _crbefo EL\ED Lbso Fg BXH/>1/2: (Bwbrd, 8:Ibrlj 8>22)
KEBILG Kehybf Biorelbf Gek Lgipbfy (KEBILG) v Kehyb (Bwbrd, 28 Bprek25==) 8> EKI 2
Iorrekk & Xefm v
Lbfbdb
Iorrekk & Xefm Agrostry K^ v Lbfbdb (Bwbrd, 2>)
Iotbklkbd v Ioxelg Iotbklkbd Lgrpgrbtegf v Ioxelg EL\ED Lbso Fg BXH(BA)/5=/2 (Bwbrd,8? Bumust 8>>>) ? EL\ED Xop 828
Ieddko Obst Loioft
v Omypt
Ieddko Obst Loioft \jeppefm & Jbfdkefm Lg \B v Omypt EL\ED Lbso FgBXH/55/1 (Bwbrd, 28 Bprek 8>>8) = EL\ED Xop 2=:
Ighek Lorrg Fomrg v
^DQ\B
Ighek Lorrg Fomrg Ktd v ^otrükogs do Qofozuokb \B bfd ^DQ\B Lorrg
Fomrg \B ELL Lbso Fg. 2?421/@XA/LB, (Aefbk Bwbrd, 8< Doloihor
8>22)
Igfdov v _fetod
\tbtos
Igfdov Eftorfbtegfbk Ktd v _fetod \tbtos ga Biorelb EL\ED Lbso Fg.BXH(BA)/55/8 (Bwbrd, 22 Gltghor 8>>8) 1 EL\ED Xop 258
Fgrwomebf
\jepgwfors― Lkbeis
Fgrwomebf \jepgwfors― Lkbei (Fgrwby v _fetod \tbtos) ^LB (Bwbrd,2< Gltghor 2588), 2 XEBB =
Gek ^kbtagris Gek ^kbtagris (Eskbiel Xopuhkel ga Erbf v _fetod \tbtos ga Biorelb)
(^rokeiefbry Gh`oltegf) S2551Y EL@ Xop :>5)
^gpo & Tbkhgt v
Lbfbdb
^gpo & Tbkhgt Efl v Lbfbdb (Eftorei Bwbrd, 81 @ufo 8>>>) = EL\ED Xop15
Rubsbr do Qbkgros Rubsbr do Qbkgros \ELBQ \B v Xussebf Aodorbtegf \LL Lbso Fg 84/8>>=(Bwbrd, 8> @uky 8>28)
Xuioke v
Cbzbcjstbf
Xuioke Tokocgi B/\ v Cbzbcjstbf EL\ED Lbso Fg BXH/>?/21 (Bwbrd,82 @uky 8>>:), baaeriod0 Dolesegf gf Bffukioft, 8? Ibrlj 8>2>
\bftb Okofb Lgipbòeb do Dosbrrgkkg do \bftb Okofb \B v Lgstb Xelb EL\ED Lbso FgBXH/51/2 (Bwbrd, 2= Aohrubry 8>>>)
\bppjero
Eftorfbtegfbk
\bppjero Eftorfbtegfbk ^otrgkouis Ktd v Fbtegfbk Erbfebf Gek Lg
(Bwbrd) (251
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
\eoiofs v Brmoftefb \eoiofs BM v Brmoftefb EL\ED Lbso Fg BXH/>8/: (Bwbrd, 1 Aohrubry8>>=)
\^^ v Omypt \gutjorf ^bleael ^rgporteos (Ieddko Obst) Ktd v Omypt EL\ED Lbso Fg.BXH/:4/ Iby 2558) < EL\ED Xop 25?
Toliod v Ioxelg Tålfelbs Iodegbiheoftbkos Toliod \B v Ioxelg EL\ED Lbso FgBXH(BA)/>>/8 (Bwbrd, 85 Iby 8>> EL\ED Xop 2>8) = EL\ED Xop 8:?
Qevofde v Brmoftefb
(Xosuhiessegf)
Lgipbòéb do Bmubs dok Blgfque`b \B bfd Qevofde _fevorsbk \B v
Brmoftefb EL\ED Lbso Fg BXH/5=/< (Bwbrd, 8> Bumust 8>>=)
]ofb Jgtoks v
Omypt
]ofb Jgtoks Ktd v Omypt EL\ED Lbso Fg BXH/5:/4 (Bwbrd, : Doloihor8>>>) 1 EL\ED Xop :5
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
E EFTXGD_LTEGF
B Xoquost agr Brhetrbtegf
2. Gf 21 Aohrubry 8>2>, Tedowbtor Efl., Tedowbtor Efvostioft \XK, Tedowbtor Lbreho, L.B., Twofty
Mrbfd Gaasjgro, K.K.L., ̂ geft Ibrefo, K.K.L., Twofty Mrbfd Ibrefo \orvelo, K.K.L., @blcsgf Ibrefo,
K.K.L. bfd Pbpbtb Muka Ibrefo Gporbtgrs, K.K.L. aekod b Xoquost agr Brhetrbtegf ufdor tjo EL\ED
Lgfvoftegf bmbefst tjo Hgkevbrebf Xopuhkel ga Qofozuokb (Qofozuokb gr Xospgfdoft).
8. Gf : Aohrubry 8>2222
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
Kgues T. ]okks (Jorhort A. @gjfsgf ^rgaossgr ga Eftorfbtegfbk Ibfbmoioft,
Oioretus bt Jbrvbrd Husefoss \ljggk) bfd bf oxport ropgrt ga Ir. Qkbdeier
Hrbekgvscy bfd Dr. Dbfeok Akgros (ga Olgfgiéb Bpkelbdb, \.L. bfd Olgf Gfo
Xosobrlj, Efl rospoltevoky).
l)
Gf 8? @bfubry 8>224, tjo Xospgfdoft suhiettod ets Xo`gefdor gf tjo Iorets, wetj
tjo solgfd wetfoss \tbtoioft ga Ir. Aemuorb, tjo solgfd oxport ropgrt hy
^rga. ]okks bfd tjo solgfd oxport ropgrt hy Ir. Hrbekgvscy bfd Dr. Akgros.
=.
Gf : Fgvoihor 8>24, tjo Lkbeibfts bdvesod tjo Trehufbk ga tjo ^brteos― bmrooioft fgt tg ibco
roquosts agr tjo prgdultegf ga dgluiofts tg tjo Trehufbk.
:. Gf 8> Iby 8>24, agkkgwefm b roquost argi tjo Trehufbk, tjo ^brteos lgiiufelbtod tjo oxtoft ga
tjoer bmrooioft bs tg tjo grmbfesbtegf ga tjo jobrefm gf tjo iorets, eflkudefm tjo jobrefm
teiotbhko bfd tjo grdor ga wetfossos.
5.
Gf 82 Iby 8>24, tjo Lkbeibfts sgumjt kobvo tg eftrgdulo eftg tjo rolgrd aurtjor oxjehets L-8?>
tg L-812. Gf 8< Iby 8>24, tjo Xospgfdoft lgfaeriod tjbt et fg kgfmor gh`oltod tg tjo bdiessegf
ga tjgso dgluiofts.
2>. Gf tjo sbio dby, tjo Trehufbk rosgkvod tjo gutstbfdefm essuos agr tjo grmbfesbtegf ga tjo jobrefm
bfd lgiiufelbtod ets dolesegf gf tjoso essuos tg tjo ^brteos.
22. Tjo jobrefm gf tjo iorets wbs jokd argi 5 tg 28 @ufo 8>24 bt tjo sobt ga tjo Loftro ef
]bsjefmtgf, D.L. ^rosoft bt tjo jobrefm woro0
Trehufbk
^rgaossgr Lbiphokk IlKbljkbf RL (^rosedoft)Dr. Bfdrås Xemg \urodb^rgaossgr Hremetto \torf
Ir. Ibrlg Tukeg Igftbòås-Xuibygr (\olrotbry)
Lkbeibfts
Lgufsok (Lgvefmtgf & Hurkefm)
Ir. Iemuok Küpoz AgrbsteorIr. Tjgibs (T.K.) Luhhbmo
Ir. Bkoxbfdor HorofmbutIr. Dbfeok Ibtrg
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
Is. Messokko HgurfsIr. Aokepo Fbzbr ^bmbfeIs. Bfb Ibreb Ibtebs (pbrbkombk)Ir. @grmo Mbrleb (pbrbkombk)
^brteos0Ir. @oaaroy MgrsceIr. Hrulo KufdstrgiIr. Ibttjow IbfljosceIr. Ljres Gmko
]etfoss(s)0
Ir. Morbrd Cojgo
Oxport(s)0
Ir. Hroft Cblzibroc
Is. Esbhok CufsibfIs. \brbj \joribfIr. Ibtt \jgpp
Xospgfdoft
Lgufsok (Lurtes, Ibkkot-^rovgst, Lgkt & Igsko KK^)
Ir. Mogrmo Cbjbko, EEEIs. Ierebi JbrwggdIs. Mbhreokb Bkvbroz BvekbIr. Okgy Hbrhbrâ do ^brros
Is. Lkbudeb Arutgs-^otorsgfIr. \eigf HbteagrtIs. Brebffb \âfljozIr. Lbrkgs MuziâfIs. Mkgreb Debz-Hu`bfIr. Arbfleslg \âfljozIr. Bke TgpbkgmkuIr. Jorhort Tbpeb
^brteos0
Dr. @gbquéf ^brrb
Dr. Bkvbrg \ekvb LbkdorüfDrb. Fbtbkeb KefbrosDrb. Igrookeol ^oòb
]etfoss(s)0
Ir. Xuhåf Aemuorb
Oxport(s)0
Kel. Qkbdeier Hrbekgvscy^rga. Kgues T. ]okks, @r.Dr. Dbfeok AkgrosIr. Bfdrob LbrdbfeIr. @grdbf Joei
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
Lgurt Xopgrtors
Is. Kekebfb Bvbkgs do Hukmbrokke
Ir. Dbved Cbsdbf
Eftorprotors
Is. \ekveb LgkkbIr. Dbfeok MemkegIs. @udetj Kobfdro
28. Gf 2< @ufo 8>24, tjo Trehufbk lgfdultod b prokeiefbry dokehorbtegf ef ]bsjefmtgf, D.L. Et jbs
suhsoquoftky dokehorbtod hy vbregus iobfs.
L Abltubk hblcmrgufd
2>5, tjo \olgfd Lkbeibft, Tedowbtor Lbreho, L.B. (Tedowbtor Lbreho), b lgipbfy
eflgrpgrbtod ef Qofozuokb, gwfod \OIBXLB. Agkkgwefm b lgrpgrbto rogrmbfesbtegf gf 5 Ibrlj
8>>5, Tedowbtor Lbreho wbs ef turf gwfod hy tjo Aerst Lkbeibft, Tedowbtor Efvostioft \XK, b
lgipbfy eflgrpgrbtod ef Hbrhbdgs. Oblj ga tjo lkbeibft lgipbfeos bro pbrt ga tjo Tedowbtor
mrgup ga lgipbfeos, ukteibtoky gwfod hy Tedowbtor, Efl, b _fetod \tbtos lgipbfy.
2?. \OIBXLB jbd ets jobdqubrtors ef tjo vekkbmo ga Kb Lbòbdb, gf tjo wostorf sjgros ga Kbco
Ibrblbehg. Tedowbtor Lbreho gwfod tjo pbrlok ga kbfd usod hy \OIBXLB agr tjes purpgso.
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
suhsedebreos ofmbmod prevbto lgipbfeos tg prgvedo suppgrt tg tjo gek efdustry ef tjo lguftry.
Tjgso suhsedebreos eflkudod tjroo rokovbft tg tjes lbso0 Lgrpgrbleüf Qofozgkbfb dok ^otrükog \B
(LQ^), ^DQ\B ^otrükog, \.B. (^DQ\B ̂ otrükog) bfd ^otrg\ulro, \.B. (^otrg\ulro).
2=.
\OIBXLB prgvedod ets ibreteio suppgrt sorvelos ufdor lgftrblt tg hgtj ^DQ\B ^otrükog bfd^otrg\ulro.
2:. \OIBXLB―s gporbtegfs woro gremefbkky lgfaefod tg Kbco Ibrblbehg etsoka.
25. Argi tjo kbto 255>s, \OIBXLB oxpbfdod ets gporbtegfs tg gaasjgro kglbtegfs, eflkudefm ef tjo
Muka ga ^breb gaa tjo fgrtjwost lgbst ga Qofozuokb.
8>.
Dospeto jbvefm gporbtod ef Qofozuokb agr ibfy yobrs, \OIBXLB ded fgt jbvo b moforbk
lgflossegf lgftrblt wetj ^DQ\B gr ets suhsedebreos. Efstobd, et gporbtod gf b ruffefm bllguft
hbses hy iobfs ga sjgrt-tori ljbrtor bmrooiofts0 aroquoft lgftrblts wetj b durbtegf ga sovorbk
igftjs tjbt woro poregdelbkky oxtofdod.4 Et es lgiigf mrgufd tjbt bt tjo teio ga tjo soezuro ga
tjo Lkbeibfts― bssots, \OIBXLB wbs prgvedefm sorvelos ef hgtj Kbco Ibrblbehg bfd tjo Muka ga
^breb, ufdor agur sjgrt-tori lgftrblts0?
b) Kbco Ibrblbehg0 \OIBXLB wbs prgvedefm ibreteio suppgrt sorvelos tg ̂ DQ\B
^otrükog ufdor twg teio-ljbrtor bmrooiofts0 (e) tjo sg-lbkkod Tums Lgftrblt
(Lgftrblt Fg. :>8=)3 bfd (ee) tjo \uppky Qossoks Lgftrblt (Lgftrblt Fg. 418=).1
h) Gaasjgro0 (e) \OIBXLB jbd ljbrtorod agur vossoks tg ^otrg\ulro tg suppgrt
gporbtegfs ef tjo Lgrglgrg ̂ rg`olt ef tjo wostorf brob ga tjo Muka ga ̂ breb (tjo
Lgrglgrg Lgftrblt)3 = bfd (ee) \OIBXLB jbd b sjgrt-tori bmrooioft wetj
Ljovrgf Lbrdüf EEE, \.B. agr twg vossoks tg suppgrt ets gporbtegfs ef tjo Lbrdüf
EEE hkglc ga tjo Xbabok _rdbfotb ^rg`olt fgrtj ga Kbco Ibrblbehg (tjo Lbrdüf
Lgftrblt).:
82. Tjo ^brteos desputo tjo durbtegf bfd stbtus ga tjgso lgftrblts bt tjo dbto ga tjo Xosorvo Kbw, b
ibttor tjbt tjo Trehufbk bddrossos hokgw.
4 Bs fgtod ef Dolesegf gf @uresdeltegf, S2?Y, letefm Cojgo 2, S2?Y-S21Y.
? Ioigrebk, S8?Y-S85Y3 Lguftor-Ioigrebk, S4>Y.
1 Ox X-:1 (Tums Lgftrblt)3 Ox X-:= (\uppky Qossoks Lgftrblt).
= Lgftrblt LG->1= (Ox L-88).
: Ox L-:1.
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
88.
Ef 8>>:“8>>5, wgrkd gek prelos aokk semfeaelbftky. ^DQ\B strummkod tg ioot ets pbyioft ghkembtegfs
tg \OIBXLB.5
8>:.2>
Hy >5, Tedowbtor―s Bffubk Xopgrt rolgrdod tjbt\OIBXLB jbd bllgufts roloevbhko ga bpprgxeibtoky _\D $4> iekkegf.22
84. Gf = Iby 8>>5, tjo Mgvorfioft ga Qofozuokb ofbltod tjo Grmbfel Kbw tjbt Xosorvos tg tjo
\tbto tjo Bssots bfd \orvelos Xokbtod tg ̂ reibry Blteveteos ga Jydrglbrhgfs (Xosorvo Kbw).28 Tjo
agkkgwefm dby, : Iby 8>>5, tjo Iefestry ga ^gpukbr ^gwor agr Oformy bfd ^otrgkoui essuod b
rosgkutegf (Xosgkutegf Fg. ?2) tjbt edofteaeod tjo Lkbeibfts, bkgfm wetj 5 tjo Lkbeibfts― agur vossoks sorvefm tjo Lgrglgrg
^rg`olt ef tjo Muka ga ^breb woro bksg soezod. 2? Tjo ^brteos desbmroo gf tjo slgpo ga bppkelbtegf
ga tjo Xosorvo Kbw, tjo oxtoft ga tjo soezuros, bfd tjo oxtoft ga tjo Lkbeibfts― roibefefm bssots
bfd gporbtegfs ef Qofozuokb. Tjo Trehufbk roturfs tg tjgso essuos ef ^brt EEE ga tjes Bwbrd.
5 Lguftor-Ioigrebk, S22Y.
2> \oo Dolesegf gf @uresdeltegf, S2?4Y-S2:2Y. Bs fgtod hokgw, tjo abltubk aefdefms tjbt woro ibdo hy tjo
Trehufbk agr tjo purpgso ga dotoriefefm wjotjor tjo Xospgfdoft―s gh`oltegfs tg `uresdeltegf woro ibdo
gut bro fgt hefdefm gf tjo Trehufbk wjof et lgios tg tjo dotoriefbtegf ga tjo Lkbeibfts― lkbeis gf tjo
iorets. Fovortjokoss, bfd suh`olt tg wjbt agkkgws ef tjes Bwbrd, tjbt suiibry doslrehos tjo ovofts kobdefm
up tg tjo soezuros tjbt jbvo mevof reso tg tjo prosoft brhetrbtegf.
22 Ioigrebk, S=, 4
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
EE TJO ^BXTEO\― \_HIE\\EGF\
81. Ef tjes soltegf ga tjo Bwbrd, tjo Trehufbk suiibresos tjo ^brteos― rospoltevo suhiessegfs gf tjo
twg essuos wjelj et es tjo Trehufbk―s tbsc tg rosgkvo0 aerst, tjo slgpo ga Xospgfdoft―s kebhekety3 bfd
solgfd, tjo prgpor qubftui ga lgipofsbtegf duo tg Lkbeibfts ef tjo kemjt ga tjo Trehufbk―saefdefms bs tg kebhekety.
8=. Tjo Trehufbk ghsorvos bt tjo gutsot tjbt Xospgfdoft bllopts tjbt tjo Xosorvo Kbw bfd tjo
Mgvorfioft―s bssglebtod bdiefestrbtevo blts jbd tjo oaaolt ga oxprgprebtefm prgporty ga vbkuo
hokgfmefm tg Lkbeibfts.21 Xospgfdoft bksg bllopts tjbt tjo Xospgfdoft es ghkemod tg pby tg
Lkbeibfts lgipofsbtegf agr tjgso oxprgprebtegfs.2= Bs b lgfsoquoflo, tjo aglus ga tjo ^brteos―
suhiessegfs wbs gf tjo slgpo ga Xospgfdoft―s oxprgprebtegf ga Lkbeibfts― prgporty, tjo
kbwaukfoss ga tjo oxprgprebtegf, bfd tjo prgpor qubftui ga lgipofsbtegf duo bs b lgfsoquoflo.
B Kebhekety
2. ^rokeiefbry
8:. Lkbeibfts hbso tjoer lkbei ef tjes brhetrbtegf gf tjo Hbrhbdgs HET. Tjoy ghsorvo tjbt tjo kbw
bppkelbhko tg tjo suhstbflo ga tjo lkbei es dotoriefod hy Brtelko 48(2) ga tjo EL\ED Lgfvoftegf,
bfd suhiet tjbt tjo ‚’rukos ga kbw … bmrood hy tjo ^brteos― pursubft tg tjbt prgvesegf bro
rolgrdod ef tjo Hbrhbdgs HET etsoka, suppkoioftod hy moforbk preflepkos ga eftorfbtegfbk kbw.’ 2:
Tjoy suhiet tjbt Qofozuokbf kbw es rokovbft tg tjo oxtoft tjbt et hobrs gf tjo slgpo ga Lkbeibfts―
remjts bfd Xospgfdoft―s ghkembtegfs3 wjeko Brtelko 22 ga tjo Hbrhbdgs HET eflgrpgrbtos hy
roaoroflo bfy preflepkos ga eftorfbtegfbk kbw gr Qofozuokbf kbw tjbt bro igro abvgurbhko tjbf
tjgso eipgsod hy tjo Trobty, oqubkky Qofozuokbf kbw lbffgt ho bppkeod tg tjo oxtoft tjbt et es
eflgfsestoft wetj Xospgfdoft―s eftorfbtegfbk kombk ghkembtegfs.25
85. Xospgfdoft dgos fgt tbco essuo wetj tjoso prgpgsetegfs.
21 Lguftor-Ioigrebk, S45Y.
2= Lguftor-Ioigrebk, S212Y.
2: Ioigrebk, S=2Y-S=8Y.
25 Ioigrebk, S=
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
8. Tjo slgpo ga tjo oxprgprebtegf
. Lkbeibfts sby tjbt tjo oaaolt ga tjo Xosorvo Kbw bfd tjo bssglebtod bdiefestrbtevo blts wbs tg
deroltky oxprgprebto vbkubhko tbfmehko bssots hokgfmefm tg Lkbeibfts, bs wokk bs tg efderoltky
oxprgprebto tjoer sjbros ef \OIBXLB etsoka, tjus doprevefm Lkbeibfts ga b husefoss wetj b ?>-yobrjestgry ef Qofozuokb bfd b prgvof jestgry ga prgaetbhekety. Xospgfdoft, hy lgftrbst, sbys tjbt tjo
oxprgprebtegfs doprevod Lkbeibfts ga fgtjefm igro tjbf b peolo ga kbfd bt Kb Lbòbdb (tgmotjor
wetj huekdefms bfd efvoftgry), 2? vossoks (wjelj, bs b lgfsoquoflo ga tjo Dolesegf gf @uresdeltegf,
bro hoygfd tjo lgipotoflo ga tjo Trehufbk, hoefm gwfod hy Tedowbtor lgipbfeos gutsedo tjo
slgpo ga tjo Hbrhbdgs HET) bfd tjo sjgrt poregd roibefefm ef tjo toris ga twg lgftrblts wetj
^DQ\B ^otrükog.
(b)
Lkbeibfts― suhiessegfs
>5, bfd tjo
Iefestorebk dosemfbtegf ga Lkbeibfts gf : Iby 8>>5, Xospgfdoft―s oxprgprebtegf lgfsestod ga
tjroo okoiofts082
b) Gf : Iby 8>>5, derolt oxprgprebtegf ga \OIBXLB―s jobdqubrtors, gporbtegfs
bfd bssots gf Kbco Ibrblbehg, bs wokk bs lortbef robk ostbto gwfod hy tjo \olgfd
Lkbeibft bt Kb Lbòbdb.
h) Gf 28 @uky 8>>5, derolt oxprgprebtegf ga Lkbeibfts― gaasjgro bssots bfd
gporbtegfs ef tjo Muka ga ^breb.
l) Bs b lgfsoquoflo ga bkk Xospgfdoft―s blts, efderolt oxprgprebtegf ga Lkbeibfts―
remjts bfd eftorosts ef \OIBXLB, eflkudefm tjoer sjbrojgkdefm.
8> Ioigrebk, S=5Y, qugtefm Qevofde v Brmoftefb (Xosuhiessegf) (Ox LK-2Y-S:2Y.
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
5 ‚tjo
Lkbeibfts― roibefefm bssots bfd gporbtegfs ef Qofozuokb woro oxprgprebtod.―8? Tjo efaoroflo
tjbt Lkbeibfts wgukd jbvo tjo Trehufbk drbw es tjbt tjoy ded fgt roibef aroo tg gporbto gaasjgro.
Y & S=1Y-S==Y, qugtefm Dolesegf gf @uresdeltegf, S2:2Y.
81 Xopky, S?>Y-S??Y, S:2Y.
8= Xopky, S:8Y-S:4Y.
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
doprevod ga tjo hofoaet ga tjbt remjt. Et es fgt folossbry tjbt Lkbeibfts edofteay bfy kgfm-tori
lgftrbltubk remjts hoygfd tjbt efvostioft tg ibco gut b lbso ga efderolt oxprgprebtegf.8:
(h) Xospgfdoft―s suhiessegfs
5 (?8 dbys bator tjo
ofbltioft ga tjo Xosorvo Kbw) holbuso rofowbk toris woro fgt bmrood3 >5 hut lgftefuod uftek 28 @ufo 8>>5,
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
Ibrblbehg, holbuso bkk agur vossoks woro romestorod tjoro bfd tjroo jbd hoof usod agr ibreteio
suppgrt sorvelos gf tjo Kbco.
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
efderolt dbibmos―, tjo Xosorvo Kbw agrheds Xospgfdoft argi pbyefm tjo lgipofsbtegf roquerod
hy tjo HET, bfd tjes rofdors tjo oxprgprebtegf ufkbwauk.?>
41. Deslreiefbtegf0 Lkbeibfts suhiet tjbt, ufdor tjo Trobty, bf oxprgprebtegf wekk ho ufkbwauk ufkoss
et es lbrreod gut ‚gf b fgf-deslreiefbtgry hbses―. Tjoy sby tjbt tjo oxprgprebtegf ga \OIBXLB wbsufkbwauk holbuso fgt bkk seiekbrky setubtod prgvedors ga ibreteio suppgrt sorvelos tg tjo gek bfd
fbturbk mbs efdustry ef Qofozuokb roloevod oqubk trobtioft. Ef pbrtelukbr, tjoy sby tjbt tjroo
gtjor gporbtgrs woro trobtod igro abvgurbhky tjbf \OIBXLB0?2
e.
Mukibr Gaasjgro Ieddko Obst K.K.L. (Mukibr Gaasjgro), b _fetod Brbh Oierbtos
lgipbfy, wbs gfo ga tjo gporbtgrs gf Kbco Ibrblbehg spoleaelbkky dosemfbtod
ef Xosgkutegf Fg. ?2. Bator Xospgfdoft soezod tjroo vossoks gwfod hy Mukibr
Gaasjgro ef bllgrdbflo wetj tjbt Xosgkutegf, et suhsoquoftky roturfod tjoibfd tjo lgipbfy lgftefuod tg gporbto ef Qofozuokb (eflkudefm tbcefm gf
sorvelos agriorky prgvedod hy \OIBXLB). Lkbeibfts ro`olt Xospgfdoft―s
oxpkbfbtegf tjbt ^DQ\B ded fgt jbvo tjo oxporteso tg gporbto tjo vossoks bs
tjo robsgf agr roturfefm tjoi, holbuso tjes oxloptegf wbs fgt prgvedod agr ef
tjo Xosorvo Kbw.
ee.
Mubftb Lgfsukt, L.B. & \orvelegs ^elbrde, L.B. (\orvepelb), b Qofozuokbf
lgipotetgr ga \OIBXLB wjg wbs fgt kestod ef Xosgkutegf Fg. ?2 bfd wjgso
bssots woro fgt oxprgprebtod. \orvepelb ukteibtoky woft gf tg lgftrblt ets
vossoks tg Xopsgk gf tjo Lbrdüf EQ prg`olt, bf gporbtegf tjbt Lkbeibfts jbd
hoof ef fomgtebtegfs tg sorvelo.
eee. Bstekkorgs do Qofozuokb, L.B. (Bstevoflb), b Qofozuokbf lgipbfy, bksg
gporbtod gaasjgro bfd wbs fgt suh`olt tg oxprgprebtegf.
(b) Xospgfdoft―s suhiessegfs
4=.
Lgipofsbtegf0 Gf tjo ablts, Xospgfdoft sbys tjbt et ofmbmod ef lgipofsbtegf deslussegfs wetj
Lkbeibfts, hut tjgso lgukd fgt prglood holbuso Lkbeibfts efsestod gf bf gvorky-hrgbd
lgfaedoftebkety bmrooioft. Et sbys tjbt bmrooioft gf lgipofsbtegf jbs bksg hoof jbiporod hy
Lkbeibfts― efsestoflo gf soocefm lgipofsbtegf agr remjts \OIBXLB fovor jbd.?8
?> Ioigrebk, S:4Y, Xopky, S58Y, letefm Xosorvo Kbw, Brtelko 1.
?2 Ioigrebk, S11Y-S2>5Y.
?8 Xo`gefdor, S:2Y-S:5Y, S221Y.
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
4:.
Gf tjo kbw, Xospgfdoft suhiets tjbt bf oxprgprebtegf es fgt rofdorod ufkbwauk hy tjo ioro ablt
tjbt lgipofsbtegf jbs fgt hoof pbed, prgvedod tjbt tjo mgvorfioft ‚rolgmfesos tjo ghkembtegf
tg lgipofsbto.― ?< Xospgfdoft pgefts gut tjbt ef tjo Ljgrzüw Abltgry lbso (bs agkkgwod ef
KEBILG), tjo oxprgprebtegf wbs ufkbwauk holbuso tjo Mgvorfioft ga ^gkbfd ded fgt jbvo tjo
remjt tg oxprgprebto tjo prgporty ef quostegf ufdor tjo bppkelbhko Trobty, bfd tjbt, ea ̂ gkbfd jbd
hoof oftetkod tg oxprgprebto, tjof tjo bpprgprebto stbfdbrd ga lgipofsbtegf wgukd jbvo hoof
‚tjo vbkuo ga tjo ufdortbcefm bt tjo igioft ga despgssossegf― ovof ea ^gkbfd jbd abekod tg pby
bfy lgipofsbtegf.?4 Xospgfdoft suhiets tjbt tjo lgflopt ga ‚prgvesegfbk pbyioft― efvgcod hy
Lkbeibfts jbs fg suppgrt ef tjo butjgreteos.??
45.
Xospgfdoft destefmuesjos tjo aevo lbsos wjelj Lkbeibfts leto agr tjo prgpgsetegf tjbt tjo ioro
abekuro tg pby lgipofsbtegf rofdors bf oxprgprebtegf ufkbwauk, brmuefm tjbt ef tjgso oxloptegfbk
lbsos tjo \tbto jbd fovor ibdo bf gaaor ga lgipofsbtegf, gr jbd gaaorod lgipofsbtegf sg kgw
bs tg ho fgf-oxestoft. ?1 Ef Xospgfdoft―s suhiessegf, Brtelko 1 ga tjo Xosorvo Kbw dgos fgt
prgjehet lgipkebflo wetj tjo Trobty―s toris bs tg lgipofsbtegf bfd tjoro es fg hbses agr
bssuiefm tjbt tjo \tbto eftofdod tg hroblj ets eftorfbtegfbk ghkembtegfs ef ofbltefm tjo Kbw.?=
?>. Deslreiefbtegf0 Xospgfdoft sbys tjbt et ded fgt blt ef b deslreiefbtgry absjegf0?:
e.
Tjo vossoks hokgfmefm tg Mukibr Gaasjgro woro roturfod holbuso ^DQ\B ded
fgt jbvo tjo oxporteso tg gporbto tjoi. Xospgfdoft bksg summosts tjbt tjo
trobtioft ga Mukibr Gaasjgro―s vossoks wbs lgfsestoft wetj tjo trobtioft ga
tjo Lkbeibfts― vossoks ^rosedoft Tedo bfd Jemj Ruost (wjelj woro rokobsod hy
tjo Xospgfdoft), holbuso ef hgtj lbsos tjoy woro agroemf-akbmmod bfd jbd bkk-
eftorfbtegfbk lrows. Xospgfdoft bksg sbys tjbt Mukibr Gaasjgro es ef desputo
?
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
wetj Qofozuokb gvor tjo oaaolts ga tjo Xosorvo Kbw bfd fg kgfmor gporbtos ef
tjo lguftry.?5
ee. \orvepelb, hy lgftrbst, wbs fgt gporbtefm ef Kbco Ibrblbehg bt tjo teio ga tjo
Xosorvo Kbw bfd tjoroagro wbs fgt eflkudod ef Xosgkutegf Fg. ?2.1>
eee. Bstevoflb wbs eflkudod ef Xosgkutegf Fg. ?2 bfd ets bssots ef Kbco Ibrblbehg
woro oxprgprebtod.12
4. Gtjor hrobljos ga tjo Hbrhbdgs HET
(b) Lkbeibfts― suhiessegfs
?2.
Lkbeibfts bksg bkkomo tjbt tjo Xospgfdoft―s lgfdult lgfstetutos b hroblj ga tjroo gtjorprgtoltegfs baagrdod hy tjo Hbrhbdgs HET0
e. Aber bfd oquetbhko trobtioft0 Brtelko 8(8) ga tjo HET mubrbftoos efvostgrs ‚aber
bfd oquetbhko trobtioft ef bllgrdbflo wetj tjo rukos bfd preflepkos ga
Eftorfbtegfbk kbw―. B ‚loftrbk pekkbr― ga tjo HET―s mubrbftoo es tjo prgtoltegf ga
kometeibto oxpoltbtegfs, bfd Lkbeibfts sby tjbt Xospgfdoft vegkbtod tjoer
kometeibto oxpoltbtegf (rggtod ef tjo HET bfd Qofozuokb―s Lgfstetutegf) tjbt
tjoer efvostioft wgukd fgt ho oxprgprebtod wetjgut lgipofsbtegf. Lkbeibftssuhiet, ef pbrtelukbr, tjbt tjo Qofozuokbf Lgfstetutegf roqueros lgipofsbtegf
tg ho pbed hoagro bfy soezuro.18 Lkbeibfts sby tjbt tjo Trobty prgtoltegf es fgt
qubkeaeod hy tjo (kgwor) lustgibry eftorfbtegfbk kbw iefeiui stbfdbrd ga
trobtioft ga bkeofs, hut ovof tjbt stbfdbrd prgjehets oxprgprebtegf wetjgut
lgipofsbtegf.1 Lguftor-Ioigrebk, S5?Y3 Xo`gefdor, S==Y, S:>Y.
12 Xo`gefdor, S==Y.
18 Xopky, S22
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
sby tjbt Xospgfdoft―s iobsuros woro brhetrbry holbuso tjoy vegkbtod tjo HET
bfd tjo Lgfstetutegf, bfd deslreiefbtgry agr tjo robsgfs doslrehod bhgvo.14
eee. Fbtegfbk trobtioft bfd igst-abvgurod fbtegf trobtioft0 Lkbeibfts bksg sby
tjbt tjo deslreiefbtgry fbturo ga Xospgfdoft―s lgfdult lgfstetutos baroostbfdefm vegkbtegf ga Brtelko < ga tjo HET.1?
(h) Xospgfdoft―s suhiessegfs
?8. Xospgfdoft sbys tjbt Lkbeibfts― gtjor lbusos ga bltegf ufdor tjo HET bdd fgtjefm tg tjoer lkbei
ga oxprgprebtegf0
e. Aber bfd oquetbhko trobtioft0 Xospgfdoft sbys tjbt tjo mubrbftoo ef Brtelko
8(8) ga tjo HET es tjo lustgibry eftorfbtegfbk kbw iefeiui stbfdbrd ga
trobtioft. Lkbeibfts dg fgt lkbei tjoy jbd b remjt tg gporbto ef Qofozuokb ef
porpotuety bfd Xospgfdoft jbs b sgvoroemf remjt tg rosorvo lortbef blteveteos
tg etsoka. Tjes lkbei tjoroagro hgeks dgwf tg bf bkkombtegf tjbt lgipofsbtegf
jbs fgt hoof pbed bfd bdds fgtjefm tg tjo preibry lkbei. Tjbt brmuioft
lbffgt sullood holbuso Xospgfdoft jbs bkwbys rolgmfesod ets ghkembtegf tg
lgipofsbto.11
ee.
Brhetrbry gr deslreiefbtgry iobsuros, fbtegfbk trobtioft bfd igst-abvgurod
fbtegf trobtioft0 Tjoso lkbeis seipky rolylko Lkbeibfts― bkkombtegf ga
deslreiefbtgry oxprgprebtegf.1=
H Lgipofsbtegf
?
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
Xospgfdoft―s oxports, hy lgftrbst, lgflkudod tjbt tjo prgpor qubftui ga lgipofsbtegf wbs _\
$2.1:i.15
?4. Et holbio bppbroft durefm tjo jobrefm tjbt iulj ga tjo deaaoroflo hotwoof tjo vbkubtegfs wbs
bttrehutbhko tg tjo deaaoroft bssuiptegfs tjbt tjo oxports jbd bdgptod, ef sgio lbsos gfefstrultegf argi lgufsok.=> Durefm tjo jobrefm, hgtj ^brteos― oxports woro mevof bf gppgrtufety
tg ibco b hreoa derolt prosoftbtegf ga tjoer ovedoflo tg tjo Trehufbk, hoagro hoefm lrgss-
oxbiefod bfd quostegfod hy tjo Trehufbk. \uhsoquoftky, bfd bt tjo roquost ga tjo Trehufbk, oblj
^brty―s oxports prgdulod rovesod vbkubtegfs gf tjo hbses ga bktorfbtevo bssuiptegfs. Ef tjes
soltegf, tjo Trehufbk aerst gutkefos tjo deaaoroft bpprgblj tjo ^brteos tggc tg tjo vbkubtegf
oxorleso, hoagro oxpkbefefm tjo vbkubtegf aemuros prosoftod hy tjo oxports durefm tjo jobrefm.
2. \tbfdbrd ga lgipofsbtegf bfd dbto agr bssossioft ga lgipofsbtegf
(b)
Lkbeibfts― suhiessegfs
??. Lkbeibfts sby tjbt tjoy bro oftetkod tg rostetuteg ef eftomrui0 tjbt es, lgipofsbtegf tg pkblo tjoi
ef tjo pgsetegf tjoy wgukd jbvo hoof bhsoft tjo Xospgfdoft―s wrgfmauk blts.=2 Bt b iefeiui,
tjoy bro oftetkod tg tjo aber ibrcot vbkuo ga tjo \OIBXLB Oftorpreso (wjelj tjoy doaefo tg
eflkudo tjo vbkuo ga tjoer oquety ef \OIBXLB pkus tjo vbkuo ga tjo pbrt ga tjo toriefbk bt Kb
Lbòbdb gllupeod hy tjo lgipbfy =8) bs b mgefm lgflorf hoagro tjo oxprgprebtegf iobsuros
holbio puhkel (tjo ox bfto bpprgblj). Gf tjes bpprgblj, tjo husefoss es vbkuod gf tjo hbses ga
robsgfbhko oxpoltbtegfs bt tjbt dbto.=Y.
=> Agr oxbipko, tjo Xospgfdoft―s oxports woro efstrultod tg oxlkudo bllgufts roloevbhko argi tjoer
lbklukbtegf0 T8/4
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
?1.
Lkbeibfts sby tjbt tjo proslrehod stbfdbrd ga lgipofsbtegf ef Brtelko ?(2) ga tjo HET roprosofts
tjo lgfdetegf agr b kbwauk oxprgprebtegf, hut tjbt Brtelko ?(2) dgos fgt proslreho tjo stbfdbrd ga
lgipofsbtegf tjbt es pbybhko agr bf oxprgprebtegf wjelj tjo Trehufbk jbs agufd tg ho ufkbwauk
gr wrgfmauk.=? Lgfsoquoftky, tjo bppkelbhko stbfdbrd es suppkeod hy lustgibry eftorfbtegfbk kbw
bs roakoltod ef tjo Ljgrzüw Abltgry lbso, roquerefm ropbrbtegf tg ‚wepo gut bkk tjo lgfsoquoflos
ga tjo ekkombk blt―.=1 Tjes oqubtos tg tjo Lkbeibfts― ox pgst bpprgblj.== Tjo sbio stbfdbrd bppkeos
tg bfy hroblj ga tjo HET (sulj bs b vegkbtegf ga tjo mubrbftoo ga aber bfd oquetbhko trobtioft). =:
Lkbeibfts sby tjbt bktjgumj ‚ef igst bd`udelbtod oxprgprebtegf desputos― lgipofsbtegf jbs hoof
bssossod bt tjo dbto ga oxprgprebtegf, ef tjgso lbsos oetjor bddetegfbk lgipofsbtegf wbs fgt
sgumjt gr tjoro wbs efsuaaeleoft ovedoflo tg dotoriefo tjo eflrobso ef vbkuo.=5
?=.
Lkbeibfts sby tjbt ea lgipofsbtegf es tg ho bssossod bt tjo dbto ga despgssossegf, et iust oxlkudo
tjo bdvorso eipblt ga pro-oxprgprebtegf iobsuros tjbt woro tbcof tg rodulo tjo vbkuo ga tjo
Lkbeibfts― eftorosts.:>
(h)
Xospgfdoft―s suhiessegfs
?:. Xospgfdoft homefs hy suhiettefm tjbt tjoro es fg deaaoroflo hotwoof bf ox bfto bfd ox pgst
vbkubtegf ef tjes lbso, holbuso, agr tjo robsgfs doslrehod bhgvo, tjo Xospgfdoft ded fgt
oxprgprebto tjo \OIBXLB Oftorpreso etsoka.:2
?5.
Tg tjo oxtoft tjbt tjo vbkubtegf dbto iemjt ibco b deaaoroflo, Xospgfdoft sbys tjbt Brtelko ?(2)
ga tjo HET stepukbtos tjo stbfdbrd ga lgipofsbtegf. Et es fgt keietod hy ets toris tg ‚kbwauk―
oxprgprebtegfs, bfd butjgrety suppgrts tjo prgpgsetegf tjbt tjo stbfdbrd ga lgipofsbtegf sot hy
tjo bppkelbhko Trobty sjgukd bppky rombrdkoss ga wjotjor tjo oxprgprebtegf es kbwauk (hut
pbrtelukbrky wjoro tjo gfky ‚wrgfmauk― lgfdult es tjo fgf-pbyioft ga lgipofsbtegf). :8
=? Xopky, S285Y-S21Y & Xopky, S288Y-S28:Y.
=: Ioigrebk, S224Y.
=5 Xopky, S28Y, letefm Ljgrzüw Abltgry (Ox XK-:2), 4=.
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
Xospgfdoft destefmuesjos BDL v Jufmbry gf tjo hbses tjbt tjo oxprgprebtegf wbs dooiod
ufkbwauk agr b fuihor ga robsgfs gtjor tjbf tjo abekuro tg pby lgipofsbtegf.:. Gf Lkbeibfts― proaorrod ox pgst bpprgblj, tjoer oxports lbklukbtod lgipofsbtegf ef twg
trbfljos0 (e) tjo kgst fot lbsj akgws ga tjo \OIBXLB Oftorpreso argi = Iby 8>>5 uftek tjo dbto
ga tjo Bwbrd3 bfd (ee) tjo aber ibrcot vbkuo ga tjo \OIBXLB Oftorpreso bt tjo dbto ga tjo Bwbrd.
12. Bs tg tjo vbkuo ga tjo husefoss etsoka, Lkbeibfts bdgpt tjo ‚wekkefm huyor/wekkefm sokkor― bpprgblj
ofdgrsod hy, eftor bkeb, tjo ]grkd Hbfc Muedokefos,:4 bfd sby tjbt gf tjo ox pgst bpprgblj tjo
efvostgr es oftetkod tg tjo jemjor ga tjo husefoss―s vbkuo bt tjo teio ga despgssossegf gr tjo vbkuo
et wgukd jbvo jbd bt tjo dbto ga tjo Bwbrd tbcefm eftg bllguft tjo prgaets tjbt wgukd jbvo hoof
obrfod ef tjo eftorei ef vbkuefm tjo husefoss. :? Lkbeibfts― oxports utekeso b lgihefbtegf ga
vbkubtegf iotjgdgkgmeos0 preibreky (e) b Deslguftod Lbsj Akgw (DLA) bfbkyses, bssestod hy (ee) tjo
lgipbrbhko puhkelky trbdod lgipbfeos bpprgblj bfd (eee) tjo lgipbrbhko trbfsbltegfs
bpprgblj. :1 Tg eipkoioft tjo DLA bpprgblj, Lkbeibfts― oxports prg`olt auturo lbsj akgws
tjrgumj tg 25 (usefm tjo sbio moforbk iotjgdgkgmy bs agr tjo poregd 8>>5“8>225 wetj b toriefbk (gr rosedubk)
vbkuo lbklukbtegf.:=
(h)
Xospgfdoft―s suhiessegfs
18. Xospgfdoft―s preibry pgsetegf es tjbt et es fgt bpprgprebto tg vbkuo tjo \OIBXLB Oftorpreso bt
bkk, holbuso et wbs fgt oxprgprebtod. Tg tjo oxtoft tjbt et es folossbry tg vbkuo tjo husefoss, tjo
Xospgfdoft―s oxports sby tjbt b DLA vbkubtegf bkgfo es bpprgprebto, bfd ro`olt Lkbeibfts oxports―
lgipbrbhko lgipbfeos bfd trbfsbltegfs bpprgbljos agr tjo robsgfs mevof hokgw.
:5Y, letefm Muedokefos gf tjo Trobtioft ga Agroemf Derolt Efvostioft (Ox LK-2?8).
:? Ioigrebk, S22>Y-S22=), \eoiofs v Brmoftefb (Ox
LK-28:), Qevofde v Brmoftefb (Xosuhiessegf) (Ox LK-8>?) bfd Bilg Bseb v Efdgfoseb EE (Ox LK-212).
:1 Ioigrebk, S22=Y, S2Y.
:= Ioigrebk, S2
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
5.:5 Bs b rosukt, tjo ablt tjbt \OIBXLB jbd fg mubrbftood remjt tg auturo
lgftrblts gf tjo Kbco es fgt b mggd robsgf tg emfgro ets auturo obrfefm lbpblety.5> Tjoy sby tjbt
^DQ\B jbd fg vebhko eftorfbkesbtegf pkbf, suhiet tjbt tjo ibrcot wgukd fgt jbvo rombrdod
^DQ\B―s esgkbtod ‚iusefms― bs b robkestel tjrobt tg \OIBXLB―s prgspolts, bfd sby tjbt, ef bfy lbso,
tjo keietod pkbfs woro kbrmoky aglusod gf sorvelos tjbt \OIBXLB ded fgt prgvedo.52
1?.
Gf tjo bssuiptegf tjbt tjo Trehufbk tbcos eftg bllguft husefoss tjbt Lkbeibfts wgukd jbvo
ufdortbcof ef tjo poregd hotwoof oxprgprebtegf bfd tjo dbto ga tjes Bwbrd, Lkbeibfts pgeft tg
sovorbk gaasjgro prg`olts tjbt tjoy sby wgukd jbvo rosuktod ef bf oxpbfsegf ga tjoer husefoss. Ef
pbrtelukbr, tjoy edofteay0 tjo Xbabok _rdbfotb ^rg`olt, b kbrmo fbturbk mbs drekkefm gporbtegf fgrtj
ga Kbco Ibrblbehg (ga wjelj tjo Lbrdüf EEE ^rg`olt, tg wjelj \OIBXLB hreoaky lgftrehutod twg
vossoks “ Jemj Ruost bfd ^rosedoft Tedo “ wbs b pbrt)358 tjo Ibreslbk \ulro ^rg`olt, ef wjelj
^DQ\B jbs lgiiettod tg efvost35 Xopky, S24Y-S84Y, S241Y, S212Y.
58 Ioigrebk, S42Y-S41Y3 Xopky, S8=Y-S85Y.
5
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oipkgy tjo oxestefm vossoks pkus sex igro.5? Bs fgtod bhgvo, Lkbeibfts desputo tjo summostegf
tjbt tjoy bro stekk aroo tg oxpkget gaasjgro gppgrtufeteos.51
11. Xospgfdoft0 Xospgfdoft strossos tjbt bator 25=? Lkbeibfts jbd b sefmko lustgior ef Kbco
Ibrblbehg0 ^DQ\B bfd ets suhsedebreos.5=
]jbtovor ets trbdefm jestgry, \OIBXLB jbd fgmubrbftoo ga lgftefuefm gporbtegf bfd wbs suh`olt tg tjo resc tjbt tjo \tbto wgukd ljggso tg
rosorvo blteveteos ef Kbco Ibrblbehg tg etsoka, bs et ded.5: ^DQ\B jbd aeri eftorfbkesbtegf pkbfs,
bfd bkk tjo Xosorvo Kbw ded wbs tg oxpodeto tjoi.55
1=.
Xospgfdoft suhiets tjbt tjo Xosorvo Kbw dgos fgt provoft tjo Lkbeibfts pbrtelepbtefm ef
gaasjgro gporbtegfs. 2>> Et fovortjokoss sbys tjbt tjo rolgrd hokeos Lkbeibfts― jypgtjotelbk
oxpbfsegf pkbfs ef Xbabok _rdbfotb, Ibreslbk \ulro bfd ^kbtbagrib Doktbfb,2>2 ef lerluistbflos
wjoro \OIBXLB―s bltubk husefoss tjoro wbs ‚vertubkky fgf-oxestoft―.
2>8
Xospgfdoft tjus sbystjbt Lkbeibfts jbvo abekod tg ostbhkesj wjbt tjo 2= vossoks tjbt Lkbeibfts bssuio wgukd jbvo
gporbtod ef Qofozuokb wgukd jbvo hoof dgefm,2>4
1:. Xospgfdoft sbys tjbt Lkbeibfts― dbibmos lkbei es spolukbtevo, eiporiessehky bssuios tjbt
\OIBXLB wgukd lgftefuo prgvedefm sorvelos eftg porpotuety, bfd es lgftrbry tg butjgrety tjbt
dbibmos sjgukd fgt ho bwbrdod gf tjo bssuiptegf tjbt lgftrblts wgukd ho rofowod wjof
tjoro wbs fg remjt ga rofowbk.2>? Et sbys tjbt fg jypgtjotelbk huyor wgukd vbkuo \OIBXLB gf
tjbt hbses.2>1
5? Xopky, S21?Y.
51 Xopky, S24=Y-S245Y.
5= Xo`gefdor, S2=Y.
5: Xo`gefdor, S88Y, S2 Xo`gefdor, S81Y, S2=:Y.
2>2 Xo`gefdor, S?1Y-S14Y.
2>8 Lguftor-Ioigrebk, S284Y.
2>4 Xo`gefdor, S2:=Y.
2>? Lguftor-Ioigrebk, S281Y-S28:Y, letefm Iorrekk & Xefm v Lbfbdb (Ox XK-55) & LI\ v Brmoftefb (Ox LK-
218).
2>1 Xo`gefdor, S244Y.
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(h) Bllgufts roloevbhko bfd wgrcefm lbpetbk
15.
Tjo ^brteos bmroo tjbt tjo bllgufts roloevbhko gwod tg \OIBXLB tgtbkkod _\ $44,:::,>4> bs bt
: Iby 8>>5. Jgwovor tjoy desputo jgw tjo bllgufts roloevbhko sjgukd ho trobtod ef tjo
lbklukbtegf ga dbibmos.
=>. Lkbeibfts sby tjbt holbuso tjoy jbvo hoof doprevod ga lgftrgk gr gporbtegf ga \OIBXLB, tjoy
bro fgt bhko tg lgkkolt tjo bllgufts roloevbhko.2>= Tjoy suhiet tjbt ea tjo oxprgprebtgry blts jbd
fgt hoof lgiiettod, et es robsgfbhko tg tjefc tjbt ^DQ\B wgukd jbvo hoof bhko tg sbtesay tjo
ghkembtegfs, bfd tjus eflkudo tjo bllgufts roloevbhko ef tjoer bssossioft ga dbibmos. 2>:
Fovortjokoss, tjoy bssuio tjbt sgio ga tjo biguft gutstbfdefm bt @bfubry 8>>5 wgukd jbvo
roibefod gutstbfdefm, bfd sgio wgukd jbvo mgfo tg pby gaa suppkeor kebheketeos, sg gfky eflkudo
_\ $21.4:i ef tjoer lbklukbtegfs. 2>5 Tjoy tjus sby tjbt Xospgfdoft―s oxports jbvo wrgfmky
oxlkudod igst ga \OIBXLB―s wgrcefm lbpetbk argi tjoer lbklukbtegf.22>
=2.
Xospgfdoft rokeos gf Lkbeibfts― bssortegf ef tjo dgluioft prgdultegf pjbso tjbt tjoy ‚bro fgt
soocefm pbyioft ga tjgso bllgufts roloevbhko ef tjes prgloodefm― 222 bfd tjoer oxports woro
bllgrdefmky efstrultod tg oxlkudo bllgufts roloevbhko argi tjoer lbklukbtegfs. 228 ]jof
efstrultod tg eflkudo tjo bllgufts roloevbhko ef tjoer lbklukbtegfs, Xospgfdoft―s oxports
suhtrbltod _\ $8=,414,14> ef lurroft kebheketeos, kobvefm b rolgvorbhko tgtbk ga $2=,48>.22= Xopky, S2?>Y-S2?2Y.
2>: Ioigrebk, S5 T8/85.
22> Xopky, S2522), S4>Y.
228 T8/4 bfd 22.
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(l)
Lbsj akgw
=8. Tjo ^brteos desputo wjotjor, agr tjo purpgso ga lbklukbtefm lbsj akgws ef tjo DLA bfbkyses, et es
bpprgprebto tg bdgpt b tjroo-yobr sprobd ga jestgrelbk lbsj akgws (e.o. AU8>>1 tg AU8>>:) gr b
agur-yobr sprobd (AU8>>1 tg 8>>5). Lkbeibfts― oxport eflkudos AU8>>5 ef jes lbklukbtegfs.224
Xospgfdoft―s oxports gpefo tjbt tjes jbs b destgrtefm oaaolt gf tjo aemuros, seflo AU8>>5 wbs b
yobr ga jestgrelbkky jemj gek rovofuos, wjelj jbd b lgfsoquoft oaaolt gf dby rbtos tjbt lgukd ho
lgiibfdod hy \OIBXLB.22?
(d) Deslguft rbto
=
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
studeos.225 Lkbeibfts sby tjbt Xospgfdoft―s proieui es hbsod gf b sefmko sgurlo
bfd, bt 1.? por loft, es bt tjo tgp ofd ga tjo usubk rbfmo ga
l) Agr tjo bssot hotb, tjo oxport usod b sbipko ga lgipbrbhko lgipbfeos tg dorevo
bf ufkovorod hotb ga >.12:, bd`ustefm tjo aemuros agr bf bssuiod doht/oquety rbtegga 2>05> agr \OIBXLB. Jo ̀ usteaeos tjo kgw rbteg gf tjo hbses tjbt \OIBXLB kobsod
ets vossoks, iobfefm et jbd igdost aefbflefm foods. 282 Jo sbys tjbt ea tjo
Xospgfdoft―s oxports woro tg uso tjo remjt Ehhgtsgf/Igrfefmstbr efdustry lgdo,
tjo bppkelbhko hotb es >.15.288
d) Agr tjo lguftry resc proieui (wjelj bllgufts agr twg-tjerds ga tjo deaaoroflo ef
gvorbkk deslguft rbto hotwoof tjo rospoltevo oxports), Lkbeibfts― oxport oxlkudos
tjo eipblt ga ‚lortbef Qofozuokbf mgvorfioft pgkeleos, sulj bs ets fbtegfbkesbtegfbmofdb, wjelj joemjtofod tjo kovok ga kombk, romukbtgry bfd pgketelbk resc―. 28Y.
288 Xopky, S2:=Y.
28
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Xospgfdoft rokeos.28= Lkbeibfts― oxport tjus bdgpts b lguftry resc proieui ga 2.?
por loft.
o) Aefbkky, tjo oxport lbklukbtos tjo lgst ga doht hbsod gf bvorbmo rbtos bt wjelj
lgipbrbhko lgipbfeos lgukd hgrrgw ef _\ Dgkkbrs agr tjo tjroo yobrs pregr tgoxprgprebtegf, sottkefm gf 1.1: por loft.28:
=4. Lkbeibfts desputo tjo bddetegfbk dgwfwbrd bd`ustiofts prgpgsod hy tjo Xospgfdoft agr
husefoss resc0
b) Lkbeibfts desputo tjbt \OIBXLB sjgukd ho trobtod bs dopofdoft gf b sefmko
lustgior, ^DQ\B, mevof tjo gaasjgro oxpbfsegf gppgrtufeteos.285 Bktjgumj b
huyor iemjt ef preflepko deslguft b lgipbfy―s vbkuo tg bllguft agr jemj
lustgior lgfloftrbtegf, Lkbeibfts sby tjo resc tg \OIBXLB wbs rodulod
holbuso ^DQ\B bkrobdy jbd b devorseaeod lustgior hbso bfd b kgfm jestgry ga
lgftefugus gporbtegf.2
h)
Lkbeibfts sby tjbt mogmrbpjel lgfloftrbtegf wbs fgt b semfeaelbft resc holbuso
fg prgspoltevo huyor wgukd jbvo hoof lgflorfod tjbt tjo ibrcot agr
\OIBXLB―s sorvelos wgukd suddofky dry up.2:%, holbuso tjoy dg fgt
roakolt jgw b wekkefm huyor wgukd jbvo vbkuod \OIBXLB ef robk keao.205>, Lkbeibfts― oxport prgpgsos b ]BLL
ga 1.51 por loft.2
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hotwoof tjo ]BLL bfd tjo kgfm-tori mrgwtj rbto ga tjo olgfgiy.2
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Xospgfdoft sbys tjbt iulj jemjor lguftry resc iust ho bssemfod.242 Et sbys
tjbt Lkbeibfts― oxlkusegf ga abltgrs sulj bs oxprgprebtegf resc es hbsod gf b
iestbcof proieso. Tjo ruko tjbt tjo vbkuo ga bf bssot iust ho bssossod bt b
dbto hoagro tjo bffgufloioft ga tjo spoleael oxprgprebtegf dgos fgt iobf
tjbt gfo iust emfgro tjo moforbk resc ga mgvorfioft eftorvoftegf tjbt jbs
bkwbys bllgipbfeod tjo efvostioft blteveteos ef Qofozuokb, eflkudefm tjo resc
tjbt tjo mgvorfioft wgukd rosorvo b lortbef soltgr ga bltevety tg tjo \tbto.248
Et es fg bfswor tg sby tjbt sulj rescs bro lgftrgkkod hy tjo \tbto.24
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==.
Xospgfdoft―s oxports prgdulo b aefbk vbkubtegf (gf tjo bssuiptegf tjbt b DLA bpprgblj es
bpprgprebto) ga _\ $8.5i,2?> bs lgipbrod tg ets kequedbtegf vbkubtegf ga _\ $2.1i. 2?2
(o)
Lgipbrbhko lgipbfeos bfd trbfsbltegfs
=:.
Lkbeibfts0 Lkbeibfts― oxports suppkoioft tjoer DLA lbklukbtegf hy oxbiefefm hgtj lgipbrbhko
lgipbfeos bfd lgipbrbhko trbfsbltegfs02?8
b)
Tjo oxports edofteay tjroo puhkelky trbdod lgipbfeos igst deroltky
lgipbrbhko tg \OIBXLB, bssemf oblj b lgipbrbhekety rbtefm bfd tjof woemjt
tjoer OQ/OHET iuktepko bllgrdefmky. Iuktepkyefm \OIBXLB―s prg`oltod OHET agr
8>2< hy tjo woemjtod OHET iuktepko prgdulos bf oftorpreso vbkuo. 2?< Tjo
oxports desputo Xospgfdoft―s lkbei tjbt tjo sokoltod lgipbfeos bro
bssglebtod wetj vory deaaoroft lguftry resc prgaekos, holbuso iulj ga tjo
deaaoroflo es bttrehutod tg uflgipofsbtod oxprgprebtegf resc bfd rokbtod rescs,
bfd holbuso tjoro es fg lgrrokbtegf hotwoof tjo ‚ef lguftry― lgst ga oquety
bfd tjo OQ/OHET vbkubtegf iuktepkos ga tjo sokoltod lgipbfeos.2?4
h)
Tjo oxports bdgpt b seiekbr bpprgblj agr lgipbrbhko trbfsbltegfs, edofteayefm
sex ef tjo poregd 8>2> tg 8>2< tjbt bro pgtoftebkky lgipbrbhko tg \OIBXLB. 2??
=5. Xospgfdoft0 Xospgfdoft―s oxports ro`olt hgtj ga Lkbeibfts― lgipbrbhkos bfbkysos. Tjoy sby tjbt
oblj ga tjo aeris sokoltod hy Lkbeibfts gporbtos ets gwf vossoks3 tjo aeris dg fgt wgrc
oxlkusevoky ef gfo mogmrbpjel brob gr agr b sefmko lustgior3 bkk tjo aeris bro iulj kbrmor tjbf
\OIBXLB3 bfd Lkbeibfts dg fgt bllguft agr deaaoroft lguftry rescs.2?1
2?> Hrbekgvscy/Akgros 8, Tbhko EEE.2.
2?2 Hrbekgvscy/Akgros 8, Tbhko EE.2.
2?8 Xopky, S255Y-S8>8Y.
2?? Ioigrebk, S24=Y-S24:Y.
2?1 Lguftor-Ioigrebk, S2??Y3 Xo`gefdor, S214Y.
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
4. Eftorost
(b) Lkbeibfts― suhiessegfs
:>.
Lkbeibfts sooc hgtj pro-bwbrd bfd pgst-bwbrd eftorost, ef oblj lbso lbklukbtod gf b lgipgufd
hbses. 2?= Lkbeibfts prgpgso tjbt tjo rbto sjgukd ho lbklukbtod hy roaoroflo tg Qofozuokb―s
sgvoroemf doht rbto, holbuso gtjorweso Lkbeibfts wgukd jbvo hoof agrlod tg sorvo bs
lgipuksgry lrodetgrs tg Xospgfdoft. Bktorfbtevoky, tjoy prgpgso b ‚fgribk lgiiorlebk rbto― bs
roquerod hy tjo HET. Tjoer oxports prgpgso tjo _\ ^reio Xbto + 8 por loft, gr KEHGX + 4 por loft
bs bktorfbtevos tg Qofozuokb―s sgvoroemf hgfd rbto.2?: Tjoy sby tjbt Xospgfdoft―s prgpgsod rbto
lbffgt ho lgfsedorod b fgribk lgiiorlebk rbto.2?5
(h)
Xospgfdoft―s suhiessegfs
:2.
Xospgfdoft sbys tjbt pro-bwbrd eftorost sjgukd ho hbsod gf b sjgrt-tori bfd resc-aroo rbto,
sulj bs tjo >5―. 218 Et agufd tjbt bkk ga tjo gtjor lkbeis bdvbflod hy bkk gtjor
Lkbeibfts aokk gutsedo ets ̀ uresdeltegf bfd lgukd fgt prglood wetjef tjo arbiowgrc ga tjo prosoft
brhetrbtegf. Tjes eflkudod, ibtorebkky, tjo lkbeis agr bkkomod oxprgprebtegf ga tjoer vossoks hrgumjt
2?= Ioigrebk, S2?1Y-S21:Y.
2?: Xopky, S8>?Y-S8>1Y.
2?5 Xopky, S8>=Y.
21> Lguftor-Ioigrebk, S2?=Y-S2?:Y3 Xo`gefdor, S25>Y.
212 Lguftor-Ioigrebk, S2?5Y.
218 Dolesegf gf @uresdeltegf, S255(8)Y.
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
hy baaekebtos ga Tedowbtor Hbrhbdgs wetjef tjo Tedowbtor mrgup tjbt gwfod oblj ga tjo vossoks
usod hy \OIBXLB ef tjo gporbtegf ga ets husefoss ef Qofozuokb.
:
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
2. Oxprgprebtegf
(b) Lbuso ga bltegf
:1.
Tjo aerst bfd preflepbk lbuso ga bltegf pkobdod hy Lkbeibfts es tjbt Xospgfdoft oxprgprebtod
Lkbeibfts― efvostiofts ef Qofozuokb wetjgut pbyioft ga prgipt, bdoqubto bfd oaaoltevo
lgipofsbtegf ef hroblj ga Brtelko ? ga tjo HET.211
:=. Tjo Trehufbk bfbkysos tjes lkbei ef tjo agkkgwefm agur stops0
(b) Aerst , et lgfsedors tjo lgfstetuoft okoiofts ga tjo lbuso ga bltegf prgvedod hy tjo Lgftrbltefm
\tbtos ef Brtelko ? ga tjo HET etsoka3
(h) \olgfd , et edofteaeos bfd bfbkysos tjo rokovbft \tbto iobsuros bkkomod tg lgfstetuto tjo
oxprgprebtgry blts3
(l) Tjerd , et bssossos wjotjor, bfd ea sg tg wjbt oxtoft, tjgso iobsuros ded ef ablt jbvo bf
oxprgprebtgry oaaolt3 bfd,
(d) Agurtj, et lgfsedors wjotjor, ea sg, sulj oxprgprebtegf wbs kbwauk gr ufkbwauk.
::.
Brtelko ? prgvedos0
(2) Efvostiofts ga fbtegfbks gr lgipbfeos ga oetjor Lgftrbltefm ^brty sjbkk fgt ho fbtegfbkesod,
oxprgprebtod gr suh`oltod tg iobsuros jbvefm oaaolt oquevbkoft tg fbtegfbkesbtegf gr
oxprgprebtegf (joroefbator roaorrod tg bs "oxprgprebtegf") ef tjo torretgry ga tjo gtjor Lgftrbltefm
^brty oxlopt agr b puhkel purpgso rokbtod tg tjo eftorfbk foods ga tjbt ^brty gf b fgf-
deslreiefbtgry hbses bfd bmbefst prgipt, bdoqubto bfd oaaoltevo lgipofsbtegf. \ulj
lgipofsbtegf sjbkk biguft tg tjo ibrcot vbkuo ga tjo efvostioft oxprgprebtod eiiodebtoky
hoagro tjo oxprgprebtegf gr hoagro tjo eipofdefm oxprgprebtegf holbio puhkel cfgwkodmo,
wjeljovor es tjo obrkeor, sjbkk eflkudo eftorost bt b fgribk lgiiorlebk rbto uftek tjo dbto ga
pbyioft, sjbkk ho ibdo wetjgut dokby, ho oaaoltevoky robkezbhko bfd ho arooky trbfsaorbhko. Tjo
fbtegfbk gr lgipbfy baaoltod sjbkk jbvo b remjt, ufdor tjo kbw ga tjo Lgftrbltefm ^brty ibcefm
tjo oxprgprebtegf, tg prgipt roveow, hy b `udelebk gr gtjor efdopofdoft butjgrety ga tjbt ^brty,
ga jes gr ets lbso bfd ga tjo vbkubtegf ga jes gr ets efvostioft ef bllgrdbflo wetj tjo preflepkos sot
gut ef tjes pbrbmrbpj.
(8) ]joro b Lgftrbltefm ^brty oxprgprebtos tjo bssots ga b lgipbfy wjelj es eflgrpgrbtod gr
lgfstetutod ufdor tjo kbw ef agrlo ef bfy pbrt ga ets gwf torretgry, bfd ef wjelj fbtegfbks gr
lgipbfeos ga tjo gtjor Lgftrbltefm ^brty gwf sjbros, et sjbkk ofsuro tjbt tjo prgvesegfs ga
211 Xoquost, S?1(b)(e)Y3 Ox L-2>.
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
pbrbmrbpj (2) ga tjes Brtelko bro bppkeod tg tjo oxtoft folossbry tg mubrbftoo prgipt, bdoqubto
bfd oaaoltevo lgipofsbtegf ef rospolt ga tjoer efvostioft tg sulj fbtegfbks gr lgipbfeos ga tjo
gtjor Lgftrbltefm ^brty wjg bro gwfors ga tjgso sjbros.
:5. Tjo tori ‚efvostioft― es doaefod ef Brtelko 2 tg iobf ‚ovory cefd ga bssot efvostod hy fbtegfbks
gr lgipbfeos ga gfo Lgftrbltefm ^brty ef tjo torretgry ga tjo gtjor Lgftrbltefm ^brty―. \ulj
bssots eflkudo, eftor bkeb, sjbros ef b lgipbfy,21= mggdwekk bfd cfgw-jgw.21:
5>. Brtelko ? es ef b agri lgiigfky agufd ef ibfy efvostioft trobteos. Et dgos fgt prgjehet tjo
oxprgprebtegf ga efvostiofts. Xbtjor, oblj Lgftrbltefm ^brty ufdortbcos gfky tg oxprgprebto ea
lortbef spoleaeod lgfdetegfs bro iot. Tjo oxprgprebtegf iust ho0
(b) ‚agr b puhkel purpgso rokbtod tg tjo eftorfbk foods ga tjbt ^brty―3
(h) ‚gf b fgf-deslreiefbtgry hbses―3 bfd
(l) ‚bmbefst prgipt, bdoqubto bfd oaaoltevo lgipofsbtegf―.
Tjo Lgftrbltefm \tbtos oxtofd tjoso prgtoltegfs tg ‚iobsuros jbvefm oaaolt oquevbkoft tg
fbtegfbkesbtegf gr oxprgprebtegf.― Tjoy bksg ufdortbco tg prgvedo prgipt `udelebk gr
efdopofdoft roveow ga bf efvostgr―s lbso gr tjo vbkubtegf ga ets efvostioft ef bllgrdbflo wetj
tjo preflepkos sot gut ef Brtelko ?.
(h)Xokovbft iobsuros
52.
Agur iobsuros woro rokeod upgf bs lgfstetutefm blts hy wjelj Xospgfdoft oxprgprebtod
Lkbeibfts― efvostiofts ef Qofozuokb0
(e) Xosorvo Kbw ga = Iby 8>>53215
(ee) Iefestorebk Xosgkutegf Fg ?2 ga : Iby 8>>532=>
(eee) ^jyselbk soezuro ga \OIBXLB―s husefoss gporbtegfs bt Kb Lbòbdb, Kbco Ibrblbehg
gf 5 Iby 8>>53 bfd,
(ev) ^jyselbk soezuro ga \OIBXLB―s husefoss gporbtegf bt Lgrglgrg gf 28 @uky 8>>5.
21= Brtelko 2(b)(ee).
21: Brtelko 2(b)(ev).
215 Ox L-28.
2=> Ox L-2
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
Et es folossbry tg tbco oblj ga tjoso iobsuros ef turf.
(e) Xosorvo Kbw
58. Tjo Xosorvo Kbw etsoka, bdgptod hy tjo Fbtegfbk Bssoihky ga Qofozuokb gf = Iby 8>>5, es
oftetkod0 Grmbfel Kbw tjbt Xosorvos tg tjo \tbto Bssots bfd \orvelos rokbtod tg ^reibry Blteveteos
ga Jydrglbrhgfs.
5
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
51.
Bs suiibresod bhgvo, tjo Xosorvo Kbw jbd twg aufltegfs0 (b) tjo rosorvbtegf tg tjo \tbto ef tjo
puhkel eftorost ga tjo gek efdustry suppgrt aufltegfs tjoro spoleaeod3 lgupkod wetj (h) tjo
fbtegfbkesbtegf ga tjo bssots bfd gporbtegfs ga tjo prevbto lgipbfeos tjof lbrryefm gut sulj
blteveteos bfd sorvelos.
5=.
Tjoso twg aufltegfs woro eftorkefcod. Ir Aemuorb, b wetfoss lbkkod hy Xospgfdoft, wjg bt tjbt
teio wbs Moforbk Ibfbmor ga tjo Gaasjgro Iexod Lgipbfeos agr Lgrpgrbleüf Qofozgkbfb dok
^otrükog \B (LQ^), b wjgkky-gwfod suhsedebry ga ^DQ\B, tosteaeod hoagro tjo Trehufbk0
SGYur gporbtegfs ef Kbco Ibrblbehg bro jumo. ]o jbvo igro tjbf =,>>> ]okks. Bkk efdopofdoft,
esgkbtod. =,>>> ]okks, wo jbvo igro tjbf 2=,>>> cekgiotors ga pepokefo kbyefm gut ef tjo hgttgi
ga tjo kbco. ]o jbvo ... bhgut 8>> akgw stbtegfs tjbt wo jbvo tg suporveso bfd ibeftbef bfd
gporbto. B jumo biguft ga ableketeos, fgt tg roaor tg tjo rems, drekkefm rems bfd bkk tjo hbrmos tjbt
bro usod tg kby gut tjo pepokefo bfd dg prgdultegf bfd lgfstrultegf blteveteos ef Kbco Ibrblbehg.
\g, yos, bktjgumj wo jbvo, bs E ioftegfod, igro tjbf 4>> vossoks ga gur gwf, bfd wo jbvo bkwbys
jbd b kbrmo semfeaelbft lbpblety tg gporbto ef tjo kbco, yos, tjbt―s fgt suaaeleoft. Bfd wo dopofdod
up tg b pgeft, b semfeaelbft pgeft, SwoY dopofdod upgf lgftrbltgrs.
Tjoro bro vossoks tjbt bksg wo dgf―t jbvo. ]o jbvo gfky b aow suppky vossoks, tjbt―s fgt
sgiotjefm tjbt wo ovor lbro agr tg dovokgp.2=:
5:. Tjo lgflkusegf tjbt tjo Trehufbk drbws argi tjo toxt ga tjo Xosorvo Kbw bfd tjes ovedoflo es tjbt
Qofozuokb―s gh`oltevo ef rosorvefm tg tjo \tbto tjo rokovbft gek sorvelo blteveteos eftomrbkky
roquerod tjo fbtegfbkesbtegf ga tjo bssots bfd ableketeos ga tjo prevbto gporbtgrs tjof gporbtefm
gf Kbco Ibrblbehg. ]etjgut sulj fbtegfbkesbtegf, tjo gh`olt ga tjo Xosorvo Kbw lgukd fgt tjof
jbvo hoof bljeovod.
(ee) Iefestorebk Xosgkutegf Fg ?2 ga : Iby 8>>5
55. Tjo Iefestorebk Xosgkutegf lgftoipkbtod hy tjo Xosorvo Kbw wbs prgiukmbtod tjo agkkgwefm dby,
Aredby : Iby 8>>5.2=5 Et roletos0 tjo ‚blteveteos tjbt woro tjo gh`olt ga gutsgurlefm sljoios …
pkblo tjo Qofozuokbf \tbto ef b setubtegf ga vukforbhekety―, sulj tjbt et es folossbry tg ‚lgrrolt
bfd rolgvor tjo desioihorioft ga ossoftebk bspolts ga tjo gek bltevety seflo sulj
desioihorioft tjrobtofs tjo fbtegfbk sgvoroemfty―. 2:> Et rosgkvos tjbt ‚StYjo sorvelos ga
oftorpresos gr soltgrs bfd bssots ... bfd tjo oftorpresos tjbt prgvedo sbed blteveteos tjbt bro
2=: T2/814/2:“T2/81?/21.
2=5 L-2 Ehed, Xoletbks 2 & 8.
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
baaoltod hy tjo iobsuro ga soezuro― bro b fuihor ga kestod oftorpresos eflkudefm \OIBXLB. 2:2
^DQ\B gr ets dosemfbtod suhsedebry ‚es jorohy efstrultod tg tbco lgftrgk ga tjo gporbtegfs bfd
eiiodebto pgssossegf ga tjo ableketeos, dgluioftbtegf, bssots bfd oquepioft rokbtod tg tjo
blteveteos tg wjelj tjes Xosgkutegf roaors―.2:8
(eee) ^jyselbk soezuro ga \OIBXLB―s bssots bt Kb Lbòbdb gf : Iby 8>>5
2>>. Gf tjo sbio dby, Aredby : Iby 8>>5, ̂ DQ\B bssuiod, bs rolgrdod ef b lgftoipgrbfogus ̀ udelebk
iefuto ‚tjo pgssossegf ga tjo bssots bfd lgftrgk ga tjo gporbtegfs rokbtod tg tjo rosorvod
blteveteos bfd lgrrospgfdefm tg tjo gporbtefm jobdqubrtors ga ... \OIBXLB―. 2:>5, tjo Qofozuokbf Fbtegfbk Mubrd brrevod bt tjo
\OIBXLB jobdqubrtors bt Kb Lbòbdb, oftorod tjo ablekety, bfd tggc lgftrgk. ]o ded fgt roloevobfy fgtelo tjbt tjo Qofozuokbf Fbtegfbk Mubrd wbs lgiefm. Bt bpprgxeibtoky ?0>> BI, tjroo
husos brrevod, kgbdod wetj ibfy ^DQ\B oipkgyoos drossod bkk ef rod. Tjoso ^DQ\B oipkgyoos
bksg pbrtelepbtod ef tjo tbcogvor ga tjo ablekety. Bator tjo brrevbk ga tjo Fbtegfbk Mubrd, \OIBXLB
ibfbmors woro fg kgfmor bkkgwod gf tjo proiesos oxlopt agr spoleael bppgeftiofts tjbt jbd tg
ho roquostod tjrgumj tjo kglbk ^DQ\B ibfbmoioft. \OIBXLB―s fgf-ibfbmorebk oipkgyoos
woro oxpoltod tg ropgrt agr wgrc bator tjo tbcogvor. 2:4
(ev) ^jyselbk soezuro ga \OIBXLB―s bssots bt Lgrglgrg gf 28 @uky 8>>5
2>2. \uhsoquoftky, gf 28 @uky 8>>5, ^otrg\ulro, bf baaekebto ga ^DQ\B, soezod tjo roibefdor ga
\OIBXLB―s gporbtegfs bt Lgrglgrg ef tjo Muka ga ̂ breb, eflkudefm tjo agur vossoks gporbtefm tjoro.
Et efstrultod tjo lrows ga tjgso vossoks tjbt tjoy wgukd jofloagrtj ho wgrcefm agr ̂ otrg\ulro.2:?
Xospgfdoft dgos fgt desputo tjes tbcefm. 2:1 Et suhiets tjbt tjo Xosorvo Kbw wbs keietod tg
sorvelos bfd blteveteos ef Kbco Ibrblbehg.2:= ]jof quostegfod hy tjo Trehufbk gf wjy tjoso
vossoks woro tbcof, Ir. Aemuorb bfsworod0
2:2 Brtelko 23 etoi
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
Tjo kbw, tjo Xosorvo Kbw, roquostod bkk vossoks rokbtod tg, ufdorkefod "rokbtod" tg Kbco
Ibrblbehg gporbtegfs ho tbcof, bfd tjoso vossoks woro romestorod ef Kbco Ibrblbehg, tjbt
hokgfmod tg tjo Kbco Ibrblbehg akoot. Tjoso vossoks wgrcod ef Kbco Ibrblbehg ovoftubkky, bfd
ef sovorbk teios wo fgtelod ef tjo ropgrts tjbt tjoso vossoks igvod argi Lgrglgrg tg Kbco
Ibrblbehg gporbtegfs bfd poragriod sorvelos tg gur akoot“bs pbrt ga tjo akoot ef Kbco
Ibrblbehg.2::
2>8.
Jgwovor tjbt iby ho, tjo uflgftrbdeltod ovedoflo es tjbt tjoso vossoks woro wgrcefm, bfd
lgftefuod tg wgrc bator tjo soezuro bt kobst agr sgio teio, agr ^otrg\ulro bt Lgrglgrg. Tjoer
soezuro hrgumjt tg bf ofd \OIBXLB―s gporbtegfs ef Qofozuokb.
(l) Oxprgprebtgry oaaolt
2>4.
Bs tjo toris ga Brtelko ? ga tjo HET lgfaeri, et es wokk blloptod ef eftorfbtegfbk kbw tjbt
oxprgprebtegf food fgt efvgkvo b tbcefm ga kombk tetko tg prgporty. Et es suaaeleoft ea tjo \tbto―s
iobsuros jbvo bf oquevbkoft oaaolt. Bs gfo trehufbk put et0
]jof iobsuros bro tbcof hy b \tbto tjo oaaolt ga wjelj es tg doprevo tjo efvostgr ga tjo uso bfdhofoaet ga jes efvostioft ovof tjgumj jo iby rotbef fgiefbk gwforsjep ga tjo rospoltevo remjts
hoefm tjo efvostioft, tjo iobsuros bro gatof roaorrod tg bs b "lroopefm" gr "efderolt"
oxprgprebtegf, gr, bs ef tjo HET, bs iobsuros "tjo oaaolt ga wjelj es tbftbiguft tg
oxprgprebtegf".2:5
2>?. Ef robljefm bf bssossioft ga wjotjor tjo iobsuros jbd bf oaaolt oquevbkoft tg oxprgprebtegf,
tjo Trehufbk aefds et usoauk tg lgfsedor tjo abltgrs rokeod upgf hy tjo trehufbk ef ^gpo & Tbkhgt bs
rokovbft ef tjo dotoriefbtegf ga wjotjor b \tbto iobsuro jbs sulj bf oaaolt, fbioky wjotjor0
(b) Tjo efvostioft jbs hoof fbtegfbkesod gr tjo iobsuro es lgfaeslbtgry3
(h) Tjo efvostgr roibefs ef lgftrgk ga tjo efvostioft bfd derolts ets dby-tg-dby gporbtegfs, gr
wjotjor tjo \tbto jbs tbcof gvor sulj ibfbmoioft bfd lgftrgk3
(l) Tjo \tbto fgw suporvesos tjo wgrc ga oipkgyoos ga tjo Efvostioft3 bfd,
2:: T2/8=>/2=“T2/8=2/4.
2:5 Ieddko Obst Loioft v Omypt (LK-2=2) , S2>=Y.
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
(d) Tjo \tbto tbcos tjo prgloods ga tjo lgipbfy―s sbkos.25>
2>1. Xospgfdoft bllopts tjbt tjo vossoks woro tbcof, hut pgefts gut (lgrroltky) tjbt, bs b rosukt ga tjo
Dolesegf gf @uresdeltegf, tjo tbcefm ga tjo prgporty ef tjoso vossoks“wjotjor gf Kbco Ibrblbehg
gr bt Lgrglgrg“wjelj woro fgt gwfod hy Lkbeibfts hut hy baaekebtos, es gutsedo tjo `uresdeltegfga tjo prosoft Trehufbk. Et bksg bllopts tjbt et oxprgprebtod \OIBXLB―s pjyselbk bssots bt Kb
Lbòbdb, hut lkbeis tjbt tjoso jbd b iefeibk vbkuo.252 Fovortjokoss, et bssorts tjbt Lkbeibfts―
sjbros ef \OIBXLB woro fgt, bfd jbvo fgt hoof oxprgprebtod. Tjus, et bkkomos, gtjor bssots ga
\OIBXLB, eflkudefm ets bllgufts roloevbhko, roibef ef tjo jbfds ga tjo Lkbeibfts, wjg roibef
aroo tg ofmbmo ef gtjor gek suppky husefoss ef Qofozuokb gutsedo tjo slgpo ga tjo blteveteos gf
Kbco Ibrblbehg rosorvod tg tjo \tbto ufdor tjo Xosorvo Kbw.
2>=.
Xospgfdoft pgefts gut tjbt, bator tjo aerst soezuro gf : Iby 8>>5, \OIBXLB lgftefuod tg bssortets gwforsjep ga tjo bssots ga tjo lgipbfy3 tg lkbei pbyioft ga tjo bllgufts roloevbhko (wjelj
Lkbeibfts lgftefuod tg lbrry ef tjoer hggcs)3 bfd tg sooc rodross agr tjo soezuro. Et bksg lgftefuod
tg poragri ets lgftrblts wetj ^otrg\ulro bt Lgrglgrg, bfd wetj Ljovrgf, efvgelefm bfd soocefm
pbyioft agr brrobrs gf tjgso lgftrblts, bfd tg fomgtebto lgftrblts wetj Xopsgk ef rokbtegf tg
Qofozuokbf husefoss. Tjes lgfdult, Xospgfdoft lkbeis, es lgfsestoft wetj Lkbeibfts― lgftefuod
gwforsjep ga \OIBXLB.258
2>:.
Ir. Cojgo, wjof ljbkkofmod gf tjes ufdor lrgss-oxbiefbtegf, dopgsod0
STYjo oxprgprebtegf agr io wbs b trbfsetegf poregd argi tjo homeffefm, kot―s sby Iby :tj, up uftek
@uky 28tj. Ef tjo homeffefm, wo bkigst aokt tjbt tjes wbsf―t robkky mgefm tg jbppof tg us, hut, bs
tjo iekostgfos woft bkgfm, wo agufd gut tjbt tjes wbs robkky tjo robkety remjt up uftek tjo aefbk
tbcefm ga tjo ^otrg\ulro vossoks gf @uky 28tj.255. Tjo Trehufbk jbs lbroaukky lgfsedorod tjes ovedoflo. Et bllopts Ir. Cojgo―s bllguft. Tjo aerst
soezuro tggc pkblo wetjgut wbrfefm gf tjo vory dby ga tjo prgiukmbtegf ga tjo Iefestorebk
Xosgkutegf, tjo dby bator tjo pbssefm ga tjo Xosorvo Kbw etsoka. Et roigvod Lkbeibfts argi lgftrgk
ga tjo sobt ga tjoer gporbtegfs bt Kb Lbòbdb. Lkbeibfts jbd gporbtod bf gek suppky husefoss ef
25> ^gpo & Tbkhgt v Lbfbdb (XK-21>Y.
252 T4/:?2/22“2?.
258 Xospgfdoft roaors ef pbrtelukbr tg0 \OIBXLB tg ^otrg\ulro, 24 @uky 8>>5 (Ox L-2>8)3 Tedowbtor
Bllgufts Xoloevbhko \tbtoioft tg >5 (L-8=)3 Cojgo 8, S2:Y f 25 (FBQ-4=
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
Qofozuokb agr aeaty yobrs bt tjbt stbmo. ]jekst tjo soezuro wgukd jbvo lgio bs b surpreso, tjo
Trehufbk dgos fgt aefd et surpresefm tjbt Lkbeibfts wgukd fgt eiiodebtoky bllopt ets oaaolt.
Igrogvor, tjo slgpo ga tjbt oaaolt upgf Lkbeibfts― efvostioft ded fgt aefbkky holgio lkobr uftek
tjo soezuro ga tjo roibefdor ga tjo vossoks bt Lgrglgrg sgio twg igftjs kbtor. Ef tjoso
lerluistbflos, dgluiofts argi Lkbeibfts bssortefm tjo lgftefubtegf ga tjoer husefoss ef tjo
eftorvofefm poregd bro lgfsestoft wetj b dbwfefm robkesbtegf tjbt tjoer husefoss jbd hoof
fbtegfbkesod. Tjoy dg fgt kofd suppgrt agr tjo prgpgsetegf tjbt, bator 28 @uky 8>>5, Lkbeibfts
roibefod ef oaaoltevo lgftrgk ga \OIBXLB, tjoer efvostioft ef Qofozuokb.
22>. Gf tjo lgftrbry, lgftoipgrbfogus ovedoflo argi tjo Qofozuokbf Lgurts suppgrts tjo
lgflkusegf tjbt tjo husefoss bs b wjgko jbd hoof oaaoltevoky fbtegfbkesod. ]jof oipkgyoos ga
\OIBXLB hrgumjt kbhgur suets bmbefst tjo lgipbfy ef @ufo 8>>5 bfd Doloihor 8>>5, tjo
Lgurts deroltod tjbt tjo suets ho sorvod gf tjo Bttgrfoy Moforbk ga tjo Xopuhkel. Tjo rolgrd
sjgwod tjbt gfky wjof sulj sorvelo jbd hoof oaaoltod lgukd tjo prgloodefms lgftefuo. Tjo
Lgurt oxpkbefod, ef tjo aerst lbso, tjes wbs ‚ShYolbuso tjo Lgurt fgtos tjo Xospgfdoft ef tjes
prgloodefms, tjo lgrpgrbto oftety Tedowbtor Ibrefo \orvelo Lgipbòéb Bfüfeib, bksg cfgwf bs
\OIBXLB, jbs holgio b pbrt ga tjo \tbto ga Qofozuokb, tjes hoefm b ibttor ga puhkel cfgwkodmo
wetjef tjo lguftry―.254 Ef tjo solgfd lbso, tjo Lgurt ghsorvod0 ‚TEDO]BTOX IBXEFO \OXQELO,
L.B. (\OIBXLB) es bf oftorpreso tjbt wbs suh`olt tg oxprgprebtegf pursubft tg Xosgkutegf
Fuihor ?2 ... holbuso et wbs dooiod tjbt sbed lgipbfy es ga b folossbry bfd strbtomel ljbrbltor
tg ^otrgkogs do Qofozuokb, \.B. bfd ets suhsedebreos―.25?
222. Tjes lgftoipgrbfogus ovedoflo es bksg lgrrghgrbtod hy tjo tosteigfy ga wetfossos lbkkod agr
hgtj hy Lkbeibfts bfd Xospgfdoft bt tjo jobrefm. Ir. Cojgo agr Lkbeibfts dopgsod tjbt, bs b
rosukt ga tjo soezuro, ^DQ\B ghtbefod ‚tjo oftero efarbstrulturo bs et woro, bltubkky, ga gur
husefoss ga \OIBXLB ef Qofozuokb bt tjo teio―.251 Ir. Aemuorb agr Xospgfdoft lgfaeriod tjbt
‚^DQ\B Gporblegfos Bluâtelbs es fgw gporbtefm tjo vossoks tjbt hokgfmod hoagro tg \OIBXLB―.
Bs sulj ‚et jbs b deroltgr SwetjY porsgffok bppgeftod tg et―. 25= Jo lgfaeriod tjbt, bktjgumj et wbs
254 @udmioft ga 8 @ufo 8>>5 (Ox L-885).
25? @udmioft ga 24 Doloihor 8>>5 (Ox L-8).
251 T2/255/22-2
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
fgt yot sopbrbtoky eflgrpgrbtod, tjes wbs pkbffod sg tjbt et wgukd holgio ets gwf lgst bfd prgaet
loftro.25:
228. Tjo soezuro bppkeod tg bkk ga \OIBXLB―s fgf-ibfbmorebk oipkgyoos, wjg woro oxpoltod tg wgrc
agr ^DQ\B bator : Iby 8>>5 “ hgtj tjo sjep lrows bfd tjo sjgro-hbsod stbaa.255
22>
Xospgfdoft bkkomos tjbt Lkbeibfts bro stekk oftetkod tg suo tg rolgvor tjo bllgufts roloevbhko,
oetjor ef tjo Qofozuokbf Lgurts gr gtjorweso ef bllgrdbflo wetj tjo lgftrbltubk desputo
rosgkutegf toris.8>2 Et pgefts gut tjbt Ljovrgf pbed Lkbeibfts tjo dgkkbr pgrtegf ga tjo bigufts
gutstbfdefm ufdor ets Qofozuokbf suppgrt lgftrblt bator tjo soezuro.
224.
Tjo Trehufbk aefds, ef tjo kemjt ga tjo Qofozuokbf Lgurt dolesegfs roaorrod tg bhgvo, tjbt
Lkbeibfts wgukd fgt jbvo hoof rolgmfesod bs oxorlesefm oaaoltevo lgftrgk gvor \OIBXLB sulj
tjbt tjoy lgukd jbvo pursuod kombk prgloss ef Qofozuokb agr rolgvory ga dohts duo tg \OIBXLB
ef Qofozuokb. Gf tjo lgftrbry, tjo Qofozuokbf Lgurts trobtod tjo \tbto bs tjo oaaoltevo gwfor
ga \OIBXLB.
22?. Hoagro kobvefm tjes soltegf, jgwovor, et es folossbry tg bddross gfo aurtjor suhiessegf bdvbflod
gf hojbka ga Xospgfdoft bs tg tjo slgpo ga tjo oxprgprebtegf. Xospgfdoft bvors tjbt tjo
prgporty tjbt es tjo suh`olt ga bf oxprgprebtegf lbf gfky ho dotoriefod hy roaoroflo tg prgporty
remjts jokd ufdor tjo jgst \tbto kbw. 8>8 Xospgfdoft bkkomos tjbt, bpbrt argi tjo aexod bssots, tjo
gfky prgporty remjts Lkbeibfts jokd bt tjo dbto ga tjo soezuro woro ufdor twg sjgrt-tori
lgftrblts wetj ̂ DQ\B. Tjus, et lkbeis, bt host gfky tjo remjts ufdor tjoso lgftrblts iby agri tjo
suh`olt ibttor ga Lkbeibfts― lkbei.
25: T2/81:/8> “ 815/22.
255 Cojgo 2, S-255/2> Kottor ga 1 @uky 8>>5 (L-?5)3 Kottor ga 5 Doloihor 8>>5 (L-84=).
8>2 T4/:1:/82 “ :=2/8>.
8>8 Xokyefm eftor bkeb gf Oiies v Jufmbry (XK-2?5).
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
221.
Oxprgprebtegf ufdor eftorfbtegfbk kbw ufdguhtodky lgftoipkbtos prgporty remjts oxestefm ufdor
fbtegfbk kbw tjbt jbvo hoof tbcof hy tjo \tbto. 8>4
Oxprgprebtegf, wjelj lbf ho doaefod bs b lgipuksgry trbfsaor ga prgporty remjts, iby oxtofd tgbfy remjt wjelj lbf ho tjo gh`olt ga b lgiiorlebk trbfsbltegf, e.o., arooky sgkd bfd hgumjt, bfd
tjus jbs b igfotbry vbkuo.
22=. Ef Oiies v Jufmbry, tjo robsgf tjoro lgukd ho fg lkbei agr oxprgprebtegf wbs holbuso tjo gfky
prgporty remjt tjbt tjo lkbeibfts ef tjbt lbso jbd blquerod upgf ibcefm tjoer efvostioft ef
Jufmbry wbs b aexod-tori hrgbdlbstefm keloflo tjbt jbd oxperod pregr tg tjo \tbto iobsuro
bkkomod tg lgfstetuto tjo oxprgprebtegf. Agr tjbt robsgf, tjo lkbeibfts ef tjbt lbso, ef tjoer
lgftoipgrbfogus romukbtgry aekefms, bttbljod fg vbkuo tg tjoer efvostioft bator tjo oxpery ga
tjo keloflo.8>?
22:. Hy lgftrbst, ef tjo prosoft lbso, Lkbeibfts― efvostioft ef Qofozuokb wbs homuf ibfy yobrs
hoagro gf ets blquesetegf ga \OIBXLB. Et lgfsestod ef tjo gporbtegf ga b husefoss tjbt wbs gpof-
ofdod bs tg teio. Tjo toris ga tjo HET lgfaeri8>1 tjbt bf efvostioft es lbpbhko ga eflkudefm
mggdwekk bfd cfgw-jgw bs wokk bs gtjor tbfmehko bfd eftbfmehko bssots, eflkudefm lgftrbltubk
remjts. Qofozuokbf kbw prgvedos tjo sbio. Brtelko = doaefos
‚Efvostioft― bs eflkudefm0
Ovory bssot dostefod tg tjo prgdultegf ga eflgio, ufdor bfy ga tjo oftroprofourebk gr lgftrbltubk
agris poriettod hy Qofozuokbf komeskbtegf, eflkudefm porsgfbk bfd robk prgporty, tbfmehko gr
eftbfmehko, gvor wjelj prgporty remjts bfd gtjor remjts ef roi bro oxorlesod3 fomgtebhko
efstruiofts3 remjts tg bfy poragribflo jbvefm bf olgfgiel vbkuo3 eftokkoltubk prgporty remjts,
eflkudefm cfgw jgw, prostemo bfd mggd wekk3...
8>2) , S2:4Y3 Oiies v Jufmbry (XK-2?5) , S2?=Y.
8>4 Biglg (LK-24:) , S2>:Y.
8>? Oiies (XK-2?5) , S82=Y“S882Y.
8>1 Brtelko 2(b)(ev).
8>= L-5 Qofozuokbf Kbw gf tjo ̂ rgigtegf bfd ̂ rgtoltegf ga Efvostiofts (Koy sghro ̂ rgigleüf y ̂ rgtolleüf
do Efvorsegfos), dbtod < Gltghor 2555 (bs puhkesjod ef tjo Gaaelebk Mbzotto Fg. ?. ga 88 Gltghor 2555).
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
225.
Et es uflgftostod tjbt oblj ga \OIBXLB bfd Tedowbtor Lbreho woro lgipbfeos ef mggd stbfdefm
duky eflgrpgrbtod ufdor Qofozuokbf kbw bfd tjbt Qofozuokbf kbw rolgmfesos sulj bssots bs
prgporty.
28>.
Truo et es tjbt tjo sjgrt-tori fbturo ga tjo lgftrblts tjrgumj wjelj \OIBXLB lgfdultod etshusefoss ef Qofozuokb, bkgfm wetj gtjor abltgrs, bro okoiofts tjbt iby ho rokovbft ef tjo
dotoriefbtegf ga tjo igfotbry vbkuo tg ho pkblod upgf tjo husefoss, woro et tg jbvo hoof tjo
gh`olt ga b lgiiorlebk trbfsbltegf (tg utekeso tjo kbfmubmo ga Biglg). Hut tjes es b suhsoquoft
essuo tg tjo ostbhkesjioft ga b prgporty remjt lbpbhko ga oxprgprebtegf. Tjo Trehufbk aefds tjbt
Lkbeibfts― efvostioft ef \OIBXLB wbs sulj b prgporty remjt.
282. Ef sui, tjo oaaolt ga Xospgfdoft―s iobsuros wbs tjo oxprgprebtegf ef ablt ga tjo wjgko ga
Lkbeibfts― efvostioft ef ets suhsedebry ef Qofozuokb, \OIBXLB. Tjo vbkuo tg ho bslrehod tg tjbtefvostioft agr tjo purpgso ga dotoriefefm bfy lgipofsbtegf tg ho bwbrdod tg Lkbeibfts agr
tjoer kgss es b sopbrbto quostegf, wjelj wekk ho bddrossod ef ^brt H ga tjo Trehufbk―s bfbkyses.
(d) ]bs tjo oxprgprebtegf kbwauk gr ufkbwauk7
288.
Tjo Trehufbk jbs agufd tjbt Xospgfdoft ded oxprgprebto Lkbeibfts― efvostioft ef \OIBXLB ef
Qofozuokb. Tjo foxt quostegf es tg dotoriefo wjotjor sulj oxprgprebtegf es kbwauk gr ufkbwauk.
Brtelko ? ga tjo HET dgos fgt, bator bkk, prgjehet tjo \tbto tbcefm prgporty hy wby ga fbtegfbkesbtegf
gr oxprgprebtegf. Xbtjor et poriets sulj b tbcefm, hut gfky ufdor tjo lgfdetegfs tjoro spoleaeod.
Tjbt es tg sby, tjo oxprgprebtegf iust ho0
(b) ‚agr b puhkel purpgso rokbtod tg tjo eftorfbk foods ga tjbt ^brty―3
(h) ‚gf b fgf-deslreiefbtgry hbses―3 bfd
(l) ‚bmbefst prgipt, bdoqubto bfd oaaoltevo lgipofsbtegf―.
28
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
‚bdoqubto bfd oaaoltevo lgipofsbtegf― seflo Brtelko ? etsoka spoleaeos tjbt sulj lgipofsbtegf
‚sjbkk biguft tg tjo ibrcot vbkuo ga tjo efvostioft oxprgprebtod eiiodebtoky hoagro tjo
oxprgprebtegf― Soipjbses bddodY. Xospgfdoft, gf tjo gtjor jbfd, lgftofds tjbt tjo tbcefm wbs
fgt deslreiefbtgry. Tjo wjgko ga tjo gek suppgrt husefoss gf Kbco Ibrblbehg wbs fbtegfbkesod,
baaoltefm fuiorgus gtjor lgipbfeos. Tjoy suhiet tjbt tjo Xosorvo Kbw ded prgvedo agr
lgipofsbtegf. Argi tjo obrkeost stbmo bator : Iby 8>>5, Xospgfdoft lkbeis tjo Mgvorfioft
jbd ibdo lkobr tg Lkbeibfts tjbt et wbs propbrod tg lgipofsbto Lkbeibfts, hut gfky gf tjo hbses
ga b mkghbk sottkoioft. Et wbs Lkbeibfts tjbt jbd fgt blloptod tjbt gaaor bfd okoltod tg prglood
efstobd tg brhetrbtegf.
28?.
Lkbeibfts suhiet tjbt, ea tjo oxprgprebtegf es ufkbwauk, tjoy bro oftetkod, bs b ibttor ga tjo
eftorfbtegfbk kbw ga \tbto rospgfsehekety, tg bddetegfbk lgipofsbtegf, ef tjo ovoft tjbt tjo
prgporty tjbt es tjo suh`olt ga tjo ekkelet tbcefm jbs eflrobsod ef vbkuo seflo tjo dbto ga tjo \tbto
iobsuro.8>: Xospgfdoft, gf tjo gtjor jbfd, wjeko efsestefm tjbt tjo oxprgprebtegf wbs kbwauk,
bksg suhiets tjbt tjo dbto agr vbkubtegf proslrehod ef tjo Trobty es bppkelbhko ef bfy ovoft,
wjotjor tjo oxprgprebtegf wbs kbwauk gr ufkbwauk.8>5
281. Tjo Trehufbk wekk lgfsedor aerst (e) tjo quostegf ga wjotjor tjo tbcefm ef tjo prosoft lbso wbs fgf-
deslreiefbtgry3 bfd tjof (ee) tjo rokovbflo bfd bppkelbtegf ga tjo lgipofsbtegf stbfdbrd ef tjo
dotoriefbtegf ga tjo kbwaukfoss ga tjo oxprgprebtegf.
(e) Fgf-deslreiefbtegf
28=. Ef grdor tg ho kbwauk, b \tbto tbcefm ga prgporty iust ho fgf-deslreiefbtgry. Tjo Trehufbk jbs
lbroaukky lgfsedorod tjo ovedoflo rokeod upgf hy Lkbeibfts ef suppgrt ga tjoer bkkombtegf tjbt, ef
tjo prosoft lbso, Xospgfdoft ded deslreiefbto bmbefst Lkbeibfts ef tjo bppkelbtegf ga tjo
Xosorvo Kbw. 82> Et aefds tjbt fgfo ga tjo efstbflos ga bkkomod deaaoroft trobtioft ga gtjor
lgftrbltgrs ef ablt lgfstetutos deslreiefbtegf bmbefst Lkbeibfts0
(b) Ef tjo lbso ga sorvelos prgvedod hy Mukibr Gaasjgro, tjo ufljbkkofmod ovedoflo ga Ir. Aemuorb
wbs tjbt ets vossoks woro gremefbkky soezod, hut tjof rokobsod gflo et wbs ostbhkesjod tjbt tjoy
woro agroemf-akbmmod bfd agroemf-lrowod “ b keco trobtioft tg tjbt bllgrdod tg tjo agroemf-
8>: Ioigrebk, S2>1Y-S224Y3 T4/=5=/88“T4/=5:/1.
8>5 Lguftor-Ioigrebk, S5=Y-S2>4Y.
82> Ioigrebk, S:?Y3 Lguftor-Ioigrebk, S5>Y3 Xopky, S2>1Y3 Xo`gefdor, S==Y (bfd agkkgwefm).
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
akbmmod vossoks ga Tedowbtor baaekebtos3 bfd tjbt Mukibr ef bfy ovoft fg kgfmor prgvedos sorvelos
gf Kbco Ibrblbehg bfd es pursuefm b lkbei ef brhetrbtegf bmbefst ^DQ\B. 822
(h) Ef tjo lbso ga \orvepelb, ets sorvelos woro prgvedod gaa sjgro bfd woro fgt lgvorod hy tjo
Xosorvo Kbw.
(l) Ef tjo lbso ga Bstevoflb, ets sorvelos gf Kbco Ibrblbehg woro efdood oxprgprebtod ufdor
Iefestorebk Xosgkutegf Fg ?2.828
28:. Tjo Trehufbk tjoroagro aefds tjbt tjo oxprgprebtegf wbs fgt deslreiefbtgry bmbefst Lkbeibfts. Et
es tjoroagro folossbry tg bssoss tjo rokovbflo ga tjo fgf-pbyioft ga lgipofsbtegf tg tjo
kbwaukfoss gr gtjorweso ga Xospgfdoft―s tbcefm.
(ee) Lgipofsbtegf
285. Hgtj ̂ brteos roky upgf tjo agufdbtegfbk dolesegf ga tjo ̂ oribfoft Lgurt ga Eftorfbtegfbk @ustelo
(^LE@ gr ^oribfoft Lgurt) ef Ljgrzüw Abltgry .82Y.
828 L-2
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
Joro tjo Lgurt es stbtefm oxprossky tjbt ekkombkety iust stoi argi b lerluistbflo hoygfd tjo
ioro bhsoflo ga lgipofsbtegf.
2
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
_fdguhtodky, tjo aerst preflepko ostbhkesjod hy tjo Lgurt es tjbt b lkobr destefltegf iust ho ibdo
hotwoof kbwauk bfd ufkbwauk oxprgprebtegfs, seflo tjo rukos bppkelbhko tg tjo lgipofsbtegf tg
ho pbed hy tjo oxprgprebtefm \tbto deaaor bllgrdefm tg tjo kombk ljbrbltorezbtegf ga tjo tbcefm. 82:
2
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
iust oxest bt tjbt teio wjelj tjo lkbeibft iby oaaoltevoky bfd prgiptky efvgco ef grdor tg
ofsuro lgipofsbtegf―.888
2Y 3 Qevofde v Brmoftefb (Xosuhiessegf) (LK-25) (XK-28:) (LK-21=>.
88? Xepefscy bfd ]ekkebis Dbibmos ef Eftorfbtegfbk Efvostioft Kbw (Hretesj Efstetuto ga Eftorfbtegfbk bfdLgipbrbtevo Kbw, 8>>:) (XK-24
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EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
wretefm, tjo ioro oxestoflo ga b desputo bhgut tjo biguft ga lgipofsbtegf dgos fgt rofdor tjo
oxprgprebtegf ufkbwauk.881
2
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56/78
EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
hgtj Qofozuokb bfd Hbrhbdgs, bs lgftrbltefm ^brteos tg tjo HET, oftrustod tg tjes Trehufbk hy
vertuo ga tjo lgfsoft tg brhetrbtegf ef Brtelko : ga tjo Trobty. Brtelko :(
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58/78
EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
tjo teio ga tjo tbcefm. Tjo Muedokefos proslreho ‚tjo aber ibrcot vbkuo ga tjo tbcof bssot bs sulj
vbkuo es dotoriefod eiiodebtoky hoagro tjo teio bt wjelj tjo tbcefm gllurrod―.8
2?5), S>2Y 8(8) UH EKL
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8/9/2019 ICSID - Tidewater v Venezuela - Award - 13 March 2015
59/78
EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
lretoregf, tjo Muedokefos efdelbto tjbt lgipofsbtegf wekk ho robsgfbhko ea dotoriefod ‚gf tjo
hbses ga tjo deslguftod lbsj akgw vbkuo―.84
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8/9/2019 ICSID - Tidewater v Venezuela - Award - 13 March 2015
60/78
EL\ED Lbso Fg. BXH/2>/? Tedowbtor v. Qofozuokb
8. Dbto ga vbkubtegf
2?5.
Bs tjo Trehufbk jbs bkrobdy agufd tjbt et es tg bppky tjo Trobty stbfdbrd ga lgipofsbtegf agr
oxprgprebtegf, tjo quostegf ga tjo bpprgprebto dbto tg ho tbcof agr vbkubtegf iby ho dobkt wetj
rbtjor igro sjgrtky. Brtelko ? etsoka proslrehos tjbt wjbt es tg ho dotoriefod es ‚tjo ibrcot vbkuo
ga tjo efvostioft oxprgprebtod eiiodebtoky hoagro tjo oxprgprebtegf―. Ef gtjor wgrds, tjo
quostegf es wjbt b wekkefm huyor wgukd jbvo pbed b wekkefm sokkor agr tjo oxprgprebtod efvostioft
bt tjbt teio.
21>. Tjes typo ga vbkubtegf jbs hoof lgiigfky roaorrod tg ef sjgrtjbfd bs bf ox bfto vbkubtegf,
holbuso et soocs tg dotoriefo tjo vbkuo ga tjo efvostioft hoagro tjo oxprgprebtgry iobsuro.
Hut et es eipgrtbft tg ho lkobr tjbt tjes dgos fgt iobf tjbt tjo vbkubtegf es uflgflorfod wetj
auturo prgspolts0
(b) Ef tjo aerst pkblo, bs tjo ]grkd Hbfc Muedokefos tjoisokvos lgfaeri, tjo abltgrs tjbt b wekkefm
huyor wgukd etsoka tbco eftg bllguft gf tjo purljbso ga sulj bf efvostioft folossbreky eflkudo
‚tjo lerluistbflos ef wjelj et wgukd gporbto ef tjo auturo―.
(h) Ef tjo solgfd pkblo, tjo Trehufbk es fgt roquerod tg sjut ets oyos tg ovofts suhsoquoft tg tjo
dbto ga ef`ury, ea tjoso sjod kemjt ef igro lgflroto toris gf tjo vbkuo bppkelbhko bt tjo dbto ga
ef`ury gr vbkedbto tjo robsgfbhkofoss ga b vbkubtegf ibdo bt tjbt dbto.84:
212.
Tjes solgfd qubkeaelbtegf, jgwovor, dgos fgt ljbfmo tjo bltubk dbto ga vbkubtegf. Tjo purpgso
ga roaorrefm tg suhsoquoft ovofts es fgt tg prosoft b jypgtjotelbk husefoss tjbt fovor ef ablt
gllurrod bfd wgukd fgt robsgfbhky jbvo hoof tbcof eftg bllguft hy b wekkefm huyor pregr tg
oxprgprebtegf. Xbtjor, et es poriettod ef lbsos wjoro sulj ovofts sjod igro kemjt ef lgflroto
toris gf tjo vbkuo ga tjo efvostioft pregr tg oxprgprebtegf. Ef bssossefm tjo vbkuo ga tjo
husefoss bt tjbt dbto, tjo Trehufbk desrombrds husefoss prgspolts tjbt et lgfsedors tg ho tgg
roigto gr spolukbtevo tg `usteay eflkusegf.
218. Ef tjo prosoft lbso, hgtj oxports bmroo tjbt ‚tjo ox pgst bpprgblj sjgukd gfky ho usod ea