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ICSE COMPUTER

APPLICATIONS

A TEXT BOOK OF

CLASS IXRupa Pandit

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TEXT BASED ASSESSMENT ISC BIOLOGY Class XI

IX

JNNR_Oswal_ICSE Computer Applications Class IX_Cover.indd 1 03-01-2018 15:13:49

A TEXT BOOK OF

ICSECOMPUTER

APPLICATIONS

[iii]

A TEXT BOOK OF

ICSECOMPUTER

APPLICATIONSCLASS IX

ByRupa Pandit

MCA, Head of Dept. (Computer Science)

The Assembly of God Church School, Kolkata

OSWAL PUBLISHERS1/12, Sahitya Kunj, M. G. Road, Agra-282 002

In accordance with the latest syllabus prescribed by the Council for the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education Examination, New Delhi.

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No Part of this book can be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Edition : 2018

Price : ` 353.00

ISBN : 978-93-86769-83-1

OSWAL PUBLISHERSHead office : 1/12, Sahitya Kunj, M.G. Road, Agra-282 002Phone : (0562) 2527771- 4e-mail : contact@oswalpublishers.com, sales@oswalpublishers.comWebsite : www.oswalpublishers.comFacebook link : https://www.facebook.com/oswalpublishersindiaPrinted at : Repro India Limited, Mumbai

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Preface

We are privileged to present the new edition of ICSE Computer Applications textbook for class IX. This book aims at providing the relevant content as per the latest guidelines prescribed by the Council for the Indian Certificate of Secondary Educatio n Examination, New Delhi. The book covers all the topics in accordance with the latest syllabus in a simple, lucid and detailed manner. The purpose behind writing this book is to develop the ability of the students to understand the curriculum of computers in an interesting way.

Silent Features of this book includes :

• The topics are covered from initial fundamental in each chapter.

• Plenty of solved exercises and programs with algorithmic detail.

• A variety of supporting examples for clarification of each topic.

• Brief and detailed explanations for the better understanding of every concept.

• Point wise description of all the topics.

• The REMEMBER BOX to sharpen the memory of students.

• Solved previous examination questions in each chapter.

• Model papers are included at the end of this book.

Special care has been taken to explain those topics in detail where students often get confused. Efforts have been put to solve the actual doubts faced by the students that are encountered while learning.

We hope this new edition will be welcomed by all with warmth and generosity and would find this book useful.

The author would like to thank the Almighty for His grace and blessings, gratitude expressed to family, friends and each student for their love and continuous support.

Inspite of our best efforts, the possibilities of some errors of omission and commission cannot be ruled out. Constructive suggestions will be appreciated and thankfully acknowledged. Please feel free to mail your opinion and queries at oswalpublishers@gmail.com.

— PUBLISHER

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SYLLABUS CLASS IXCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS (86)

Aims :1. To empower students by enabling them to build their own applications.2. To introduce students to some effective tools to enable them to enhance their knowledge, broaden

horizons, foster creativity, improve the quality of work and increase efficiency.3. To enable students to learn to use the World Wide Web in order to gather knowledge and

communicate with students and the academic community all over the world.4. To enable students to learn to process words and numbers, analyze data, communicate ideas

effectively and make the optimum use of computer resources.5. To help students learn fundamental concepts of computing using object oriented approach in one

computer language.6. To provide students with a clear idea of ethical issues involved in the field of computing.

There will be one written paper of two hours duration carrying 100 marks and Internal Assessment of 100 marks.The paper will be divided into two sections A and B.Section A (Compulsory – 40 marks) will consist of compulsory short answer questions covering the entire syllabus.Section B (60 marks) will consist of questions which will require detailed answers and there will be a choice of questions in this section

PART I - THEORY 100 Marks

1. Operating System (i) Introduction to Operating System. The need for an operating system, features and functions of an operating system and

familiarity with installing and uninstalling software. Functions and features of an operating system (examples of single user and multiple

users); familiarize the students with installation and un-installation of connected peripherals and other related softwares like dictionaries, encyclopedias, etc.

(ii) Graphic User Interface Working with the Graphical User Interface (GUI), Elements of a GUI, handling files

and directories under GUI, managing the desktop. Concept of an active window. Familiarity with the icons, the buttons and the task bar. Resizing a window. Handling multiple windows. Creating folders. Copying items. Moving items. Deleting Items. Setting attributes of

items. Creating shortcuts on the desktop, arranging the folders on the desktop.

2. The Internet Internet, e-mail, WWW, modem and related protocols. Working of internet, creating an e-mail account, sending and receiving e-mails, web

servers, search engines to perform a simple search and Boolean operators to fine tune a search, basic working of a modem (modulation and demodulation) through block diagrams only. Protocols and its need (FTP, HTTP, IMAP, POP, SMTP). Downloading information.

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3. Computing and Ethics Ethical issues in computing. Intellectual property rights; protection of individual’s right to privacy; data protection on

the internet; protection against Spam; software piracy, cyber crime, hacking, protection against malicious intent and malicious code.

The stress should be on good etiquette and ethical practices.

4. Office Application Software: Word processor, Multimedia presentation and Spreadsheets. Discuss the following features for Word Processor, Multimedia Presentation and

Spreadsheets: Opening and closing, saving, editing, formatting, printing, spell check, grammar and

header/footer. Special features : Word Processor – inserting a table and working with tables.

Multimedia Presentation – the students should be able to create a presentation using images / pictures, sound, video and custom animation. Students should be able to import material from word processors, spreadsheets, databases and internet.

Spreadsheets – Using formulae functions (mathematical), working with ranges, graphs and charts. Difference between absolute and relative references.

5. Database Packages The need for database management; creating and saving a database; editing a database;

performing calculations; modifying the structure of a database; sorting, indexing; querying; report generation. Working with multiple databases, object linking and embedding, creating applications.

The need for database management for handling vast amount of data- storing, sorting, summarizing, classifying and retrieving quickly.

Defining the structure of a database, entering data of various types, saving it in an appropriate area.

Adding, deleting and modifying records, global editing. Performing calculations on one record or a group of records. Modifying the structure of a database by inserting, deleting or modifying fields. Sorting on one field/ multiple fields, sorting selected records/ all the records. Indexing on one field/ multiple fields. The need for re-indexing. Sorting vs. Indexing. Setting query condition, Relational and Logical Operators, setting query using multiple

conditions. Generating detailed or summary reports. Working with multiple databases and explain the relationship (one to one, one to many,

many to one and many to many) through real life examples. Linking objects/embedding objects, linking vs. embedding. Creating database applications depending upon the requirement of the user.

6. Elementary Concept of Objects and Classes Modelling entities and their behaviour by objects; a class as a specification for objects

and as an object factory; computation as message passing/function calls between objects (many examples should be done to illustrate this). Objects encapsulate state (attributes) and have behaviour (functions). Class as a user defined type.

A class may be regarded as a blueprint to create objects. It may be viewed as a factory that produces similar objects. A class may also be considered as a new data type created by the user, that has its own functionality.

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All the four features of Object Oriented Programming should be defined and explained using real life examples.

Analyze each object and show how each contains attributes and responds to certain messages or permits certain operations.

Emphasize that an object is an instance of a class. A single object is just a bundle of values, one for each attribute in the class.

7. Values and types

Tokens and its types, Primitive types, operations on primitive values, expressions, assignment (assignment is also an expression).

Introduce the primitive types and the range of values each represents. Discuss all the operations that can be done with primitive types namely mathematical, relational and logical. Discuss precedence and associativity of operators. Introduce the concept of type casting.

Introduce System.out.println and System.out.print, for simple output.

Discuss different types of errors occurring during execution and compilation of the program (syntax errors, runtime errors and logical errors).

8. Conditionals and non-nested loops

Application of if else, if else if ladder, switch-case (default, break). Fixed number of iterations- the for loop. Unknown number of iterations - while loop, do-

while loop. The conditional/ternary operator (? : ) should be introduced at this point. Loops are fundamental to computation and their need should be shown by examples : Examples : various number based problems : prime numbers, composite numbers, perfect

numbers, fibonacci numbers, etc.

PART II - INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 100 Marks

This segment of the syllabus is totally practice oriented. The accent is on acquiring basic usage skills quickly and efficiently.

Assignments and Application Building

Students should complete a number of laboratory assignments during the whole year to reinforce the concepts studied in the class.

The students should build one real life application using elements from most of the packages used (topics 1-7). Great care should be exercised to ensure that most of the components of the packages are used while building the application.

Important : In Class IX mostly primitive types should be used to construct Objects.

Suggested list of Assignments :

For topics (1 – 5)

1. Connect to net. If you are already connected start a browser and a search engine and perform a simple search on any of the subjects. Then perform a Boolean search for the same topic and note the difference. Create your own email ID and send an e-mail.

2. A story is given in which the main character is a lady, Mrs. James. Make changes in the document using find and replace so that the main character becomes a gentleman Mr. Brown. Take care of the pronouns.

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3. Design a presentation to launch an awareness program like “Save the Earth”. 4. Create a presentation to highlight the activities in your school. 5. Build a friendly database to access phone numbers, emails and addresses conveniently. For topics (6-8) The laboratory assignments will form the bulk of the course. Good assignments should have

problems which require design, invention of an algorithm and only then implementation and testing. The problems will mimic a real life problem and require careful design or will require an interesting algorithm to solve it. They should also embody one or more concepts that have been discussed in the theory class. A significant proportion of the time has to be spent in the laboratory. Computing can only be learnt by doing.

Some sample problems are given below as examples. The problems are of varying levels of difficulty : 6. Enter marks of ten students in six subjects, find the total marks and the average of

each student using Mathematical functions and make a chart on the basis of their average marks.

7. Create a table in a Word Processor for your class with the following fields: Roll No. Name, Date of Birth and Optional Subject.

8. Implement a Calculator class that models a hand held calculator. It should have (at least) the following functionality: addition, subtraction, multiplication, integer division, remainder, unary minus, enter, clear.

9. A student has a name, roll number, class in which studying, and marks in 6 subjects. Design a class for student. Write constructors, get and set functions and separate functions to return the total, percentage and grade.

10. Fibbonacci series is obtained by adding the previous two terms. For example: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21…etc.

Fibbonacci primes are prime numbers that belong to the Fibbonacci series. For example 2,3,5,13… etc. Define a class NumberSeries with suitable methods which takes an integer argument and prints out all the Fibbonacci primes below that number.

11. n is a perfect number if the sum of all the factors of the number (including 1) excluding itself is n.

For example : 6 = 1+2+3 28 = 1+2+4+7+14 Define a class called Number Problems which have the following functions : int sumOfFactors(int n) : which returns sum of all the factors of the number n except

itself. boolean isPerfect(int n) : which returns true if the number n is perfect and false

otherwise. void PerfectNosBelow(int lim) : which first prints out all perfect numbers less than

lim. Each perfect number should be printed on a single line along with its factors (see below). So for example the output from PerfectNosBelow(10) will be :

6 = (1,2,3) Important : This list is indicative only. Teachers and students should use their

imagination to create innovative and original assignments.

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1. Operating System 13-34

2. The Internet 35-58

3. Computing and Ethics 59–71

4A. Word Processing 72–102

4B. Multimedia Presentation 103–131

4C. Spreadsheets 132–162

5. Database Management System 163–191

6. Elementary Concept of Objects and Classes 192–201

7. Introduction to Java – Data Values and Types 202–225

8A. Conditional Statements 226–255

8B. Loops in Java 256–281

9. Application Programs 282–311

u Model Specimen Papers 312–354

u Answer Sheet (Answers of Selected Questions) 355–372

CONTENTS

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Contents • Introduction • Operating System DefinitionofanOperatingSystem NeedofanOperatingSystem VariousfunctionsofanOperatingSystem TypesofOperatingSystem • InstallingandUn-installingPeripheralsandSoftware Installing a Printer Installing a Scanner or a Camera BasicstepstoinstallaSoftware Install a dictionary[ Applies To: Word 2013] UninstallingSoftwareandPrograms • GraphicalUserInterface(GUI) StepbyStepInstallationofWindows7 • ComponentsofWindows • FilesandFoldersinWINDOWS TheFolderStructureofWindows[orDirectoryStructure] ResizingaWindow HandlingMultipleWindows Creating a new folder, Finding Files and Folders, Cut/

CopyandPaste,RenamingaFile/Folder,DeletingaFile/Folder

• Creating Shortcuts and Arranging the Folders on the Desktop • ShuttingDownaComputer • Summary • Solved Questions • Exercise

INTRODUCTION Acomputerisanelectronicdevice.Ithastwocomponents–hardwareandsoftware.

The major functions of a computer system are carried out by these components. Thehardwarepart comprisesof thephysical components. Someexamplesofhardware are

OPERATING SYSTEM

1

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ICSE COMPUTER APPLICATIONS – IX

Input/Outputdevices,memorydevice,CPU,harddisk,monitor,CD-ROM,etc.Softwarerefers to a set of program that consist of instructions, based on which the computersystemperformsoperations.Itisintangibleinnature.Softwarecanbeclassifiedbroadlyintotwocategories:SystemSoftware&ApplicationSoftware.

System software performs the internal tasks of a computer. The operating system(OS)isthebest-knownexample of system software.

Application software caters to the needs of the user. Examples of applicationsoftware are word processing, image editing, playing media file, etc. Further in thischapter,wewillbediscussingmoreaboutoperatingsystem.

Definition of an Operating System

To establish a communication between the user and the computer, OperatingSystemsweredeveloped.Wecansaythat“An operating system acts as an interface between the user and the computer“.Examples:windows,linux,unix,androidetc.

Definition : An operating system is a system software which manages variousresourcesof thecomputersystemandcontrols theexecutionofdifferentprogramsandapplications running on the computer system.

Need of an Operating System

AcomputersystemwithoutanOperatingSystemwillbesimilartoahotelwithoutamanager.Itwillnotbepossibletoutilizetheresources(suchasthediningroom,stayingroometc)unlessthereissomeonetoorganizetheentiresystem.

A real life example of need of an Operating System : Ina restaurant,amanagertakescareofeachcustomerwiththehelpofhisteam.

Whenacustomerarrives,theteamgetsactivated.Initially,thecustomerisguidedtoa place to sit.

Then,heisshownamenutochoosefrom.Then,hisorderistaken.Incase,anythingofhischoiceisnotavailable,heisinformedaccordingly.Then,assoonashismenuorderisready,itisserved.Towardstheend,hisbillismadeforpayment.Finally,hepaysandleaves.

Fig. 1.1

Inthefigure1.1,Inarestaurant,picture1showsamanagerwelcomingcustomers,inpicture2 theyareofferedamenucardbyanattendanton the tablewhere theyaresitting,inpicture3theyareofferedtheirfoodandinpicture4oneofthecustomerspaysthe bill to the attendant. Operating system is like the manager who takes care of the needs of the customer.

Theoperating system is the life of a computer.A computerwithout an operatingsystemwillbelikeaheapoflifelesselectronicpieces.Allthehardwarepartsareuselessunlessyouhaveaninterfacetointeractwiththeseparts.

• The most important job of an operating system is to connect the user to theapplicationsoftwareandthehardware.

OPERATING SYSTEM

15

• Italsoworksasaresourcemanagerbecauseitensuresthebestutilizationoftheresources.

Various functions of an Operating System

The operating system performs various functions forboth the systemand theuserof theprogram.Someof thekeyservicesprovidedbyanoperatingsystem(OS)include:

1. Executing Programs : It executes various programs for the user and the functioning of the computer. It alsotakes care of allocating the resources required for smoothexecutionoftheseprograms.

2. I/O Management : The speed of the processor isvery high as compared to the speed of the user. TheO/Smanages the interrupt signals sent by the I/Odevices forefficientI/Ohandling.

3. Memory Management : It manages the primary and secondary memory. It decideshowmuchandwhichdata shouldbeplaced inwhichmemoryand shouldbeallocatedtowhichprocess.

4. File Management : Files can be stored on storagemediums, like floppydisks,harddisks,USBdrives,etc.TheOSwillberesponsibleformakingallthemajordecisionsregardingwhereandhowafileistobestored.

5. Allocating and Managing Resources : Itmanages the resources formaximumutilizationoftheprocessorinmulti-usersystems.Fore.g.iftheprinterandthespeakerisbeingusedsimultaneously,howtohandleboththeworkusingtwodevicesisdecidedbythe operating system.

6. Handling Errors :Ittakesmeasuresfordetectingandhandlingerrors.Forexample,ifanyinfinitelooporcalculationtakesplace,thenthemachinecanget

stuck.Theo/shandlesthissituation.7. Providing Security : It provides security provisions for various users. For

example,user-accountmaintenance,dataandresourcesharing,etc.

Types of Operating System

AnOperatingSystemisthemostimportantsoftwareinacomputer.TherearemanytypesofOperatingSystemsandtheyaregettingupgradedregularly.

ThecommonlyusedOperatingSystemsovertheyearsaregivenbelow:(i) Single User Operating System : These operating systems

support only one user at a time. All resources are under the control of the user who is given the access. It leads to time loss of thesystem.ForexampleMSDOS,Windows3.1,Windows95.

(ii)Multi User Operating System : These operating systems are more efficient than single user systems. They can handle

multiple users to run their programs simultaneously. All the users are taken care of by the sameoperatingsystemwhichutilizes thesameprocessorandsharesthe resources in this case.Networks, servers, supercomputers,etc apply the concept of multiple user operating system. Forexample,Unix,Linux.

Fig. 1.3

Fig. 1.4

Fig. 1.2

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ICSE COMPUTER APPLICATIONS – IX

(iii) Multitasking Operating System : These operatingsystems can activate and handle multiple tasks at the same time.Multitasking OSmakes the best use of the ability of aprocessorandkeeps itbusybysupplying itastreamof tasksby efficiently dividing the tasks of multiple programs. Forexample : working on a document, playing a song, takinga printout etc. simultaneously. Examples of such operatingsystemsareUNIX,WindowsXPandWindows7.

(iv) Multiprocessor Operating System : These operating systems can support multiple processors. The system speed gets increased in these systems. The processors share common resourcessuchasmemory,I/Odevicesetc.Note :

Multiuser operating system and multitasking operating systemare similar inaway thatbothmakebestuseof theprocessor’sspeedbysendingitastreamofprocesseseitherfrommultipleusersorfromthesameuser.

INSTALLING AND UN-INSTALLING PERIPHERALS AND SOFTWARE

Fig. 1.7

The operating system in a computer takes care of all the hardware and softwareexecution. Every hardware and software, therefore, has to be installed before they arereadyforexecution.

Installation means to connect the software/hardwarewith the operating system.Once the operating system gets the connection, the device/program can be executed.Afterinstallation,theoperatingsystemallowstheusertoaccessthesoftware/hardware.

All applications and hardware devices can be used in a computer only after itssoftware has been installed. Installation makes the program ready for execution. It includespreparationforloadingofthemodulesofthesoftwareanddecisionsonwhattoincludeandwhattoleaveoutofthevariousfeaturesthatthesoftwarecomeswith.

Un-installationisthereverseprocessofinstallation.Whenasoftware/hardwareisnotrequiredanymore,itshouldbeun-installedfromtheoperatingsystem.Un-installingmakestheoperatingsystemremovetherelatedlinksanddeletesthesoftwarefromthesystem.

Thesystemrequirementandstepsofinstallationandun-installationmayvaryandso,isgenerallyprovidedalongwiththesoftware/hardware.

Fig. 1.5

Fig. 1.6

Contents

• Introduction • Network Components of Network Types of Networks • Introduction to Internet Requirements of connecting to the internet • The Internet Setup Overview of the working of the Internet • Ways to connect to the Internet Wired Internet Connection Wireless Internet connecton • Protocol

TCP/IP

FTP

HTTP

SMTP

POP3

IMAP • World Wide Web (WWW) Features of the world wide web • Web Browser • Uses of Internet • Downloading & Uploading • Search Engine • E-Mail Advantages of E-Mail E-Mail Address Creating an Email Account

THE INTERNET

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ICSE COMPUTER APPLICATIONS – IX

Sending and Receiving E-Mails Attributes of an Email • Other Important Terms • Summary • Solved Questions • Exercise

INTRODUCTION

The Internet today has a great influence in our lives and has entered into almost all spheres of our society. The Internet has changed our way of working, thinking and living. Everyone today uses the Internet for some reason or the other. It can be said that without the Internet, the modern world will nearly come to a halt. There is hardly any field left where the Internet cannot play a role.

Internet is an interconnected network of computers from all over the world.

To begin with, let us learn about Networks and their types.

NETWORK

A Network is a system of inter-connected devices that can share data and can communicate to each other. For example, telephone network, radio network etc.

A computer network is a system of many inter-connected computers. There are many advantages of having a computer network, few are listed below :

• Sharing information

• Sharing devices

• Fast data access

• Cost saving on devices

• Less consumption of space

• Maximum usage of resources and hence, less wastage

Components of Network

A computer network refers to a group of two or more computers connected together for the purpose of communication and information sharing. In a computer network, computers can be connected directly with the help of cables. In this case there are three components: the sender, the cable as communication channel and the receiver.

Network refers to a group of two or more computers connected together for the purpose of communication and information sharing.

REMEMBER

Fig. 2.1

COMPUTING AND ETHICS

3

Contents• Introduction• Ethical Issues Related to Computing • Intellectual Property Rights • Protection of Individual’s Right to Privacy• Data Protection on the Internet • Spam • Software piracy Types of software piracy• Cyber Crime Hacking Phishing Virus• Protective Measures Remaining Safe Online • Netiquettes• E-mail Etiquettes• Summary• Solved Questions• Exercise

INTRODUCTION

The idea of computer ethics originated in the year 1950 when a book named, “The Human Use of Human Beings” by Norbert Weiner was published. A visionary mathematician and Philosopher, Norbert Weiner is also known as the father of computer ethics. In mid 20th century, the development of Information Technology started bringing in innumerous benefits. At the same time, it also started bringing in a lot of complications.

The temptation of gaining monetary profits or spreading rumors or distorting a news/image etc. became very difficult to overcome by the huge community of computer users. The society started having innocent victims for no good reason.

Contents• Introduction• MS Word Advantages of MS Word Application Areas of MS Word• Getting Started with MS Word • MS Word Window & Its Important Components Knowing MS Word• Creating & Opening Documents in Word• Saving a Word Document• Closing MS Word• Formatting & Editing The Ribbon Home Tab Insert Tab Page Layout Tab Review Tab View Tab• Print a Document • Header and Footer• Spelling and Grammar Checker• Tables• List of Common Shortcuts • Summary• Solved Questions• Exercise

INTRODUCTION

Document of any kind can include a letter, memoranda, newspaper or magazine report, article, story books, text books and many other similar items. Down the ages these items were written manually. Development of engineering brought in Electronic

WORD PROCESSING

4A

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

5

Contents• Introduction• Microsoft Access Fields, Records and Primary Key in a Table Getting Started MS Access Planning a Database in Access Viewing a Database Saving a Database Data Handling in a Table Adding Record Deleting Record Modifying Record Global Editing Performing Calculations on Fields of Records Modifying the Structure of a Database Inserting Fields in a Table Deleting Fields from a Table Sorting Data in a Database• Queries Creating Query in MS Access Queries on Multiple Fields Queries using Multiple Conditions Points on how to create a Query Query Criteria• Indexing Re-indexing How is Sorting different from Indexing ?• Form• Report• Multiple Databases• Object Linking and Embedding (Ole)• Database Applications Depending Upon the Requirement of the User• Summary• Solved Questions• Exercise

Contents• Introduction• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Main Features of OOP Language• Object• Class Class is an object factory Class as user-defined type• Abstraction• Encapsulation Object encapsulates state & behavior• Inheritance• Polymorphism• Message Passing • Summary• Solved Questions• Exercise

INTRODUCTION

Object-Oriented Programming is a model of programming languages, based on creating partitioned memory area for both data and methods. OOP, as it is also known, is a modern approach to programming that overcomes various shortcomings associated with procedural programming languages.

Procedural programming languages are based on breaking a program into a number of functions. Functions are the key element in procedural programming languages and there will be an associative function for each specific task that the system needs to perform. The communication between the systems takes place by passing data between these functions.

This is why, Procedural Programming languages are also known as Functions Oriented Programming languages.

Object-Oriented Programming, on the other hand, is analogous to the real world. A program in Object-Oriented Programming is composed of real world entities called

ELEMENTARY CONCEPT OF OBJECTS AND CLASSES

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ICSE COMPUTER APPLICATIONS – IX

Contents • Introduction Brief History of Java Features of Java Java Bytecode Java Virtual Machine • Introduction to BlueJ Creating Classes in Java Creating Objects of Classes Main Method Working of BlueJ • Token Keywords Identifiers Literals Separators Operators • Data Types Type Casting Method of Type Casting • Package • Input Statements • Error handling • Printing Statements • Mathematical Methods • Summary • Solved Questions • Exercise

INTRODUCTION

Java is a programming language that has many features. Java has been developed by a team led by James Gosling. The language was initially called ‘Oak’, after an oak tree

INTRODUCTION TO JAVA– DATA VALUES AND TYPES

7

Contents• Introduction Relational Operators Logical Operators• Programming Constructs Sequence Construct Conditional Construct Iteration Construct• Conditional Statements in Java if … else if if..else Condition Ladder Nested if....else Switch …. Case Use of default in Switch Case Fall Through in Switch Case Comparison of if...else and switch ... case statements Ternary Operator• Solved Programs On if ... else conditional, On switch...case On ternary Operator• Summary• Solved questions• Exercise

INTRODUCTION

We come across conditions in our daily life. Most of the works that we do are dependent on some or the other conditions. For example, carry the umbrella if it is a rainy season or set the alarm if you have to get up early.

CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

8A

CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

227

A conditional work is done only if the condition is true. In case a condition is false, either do nothing or do something else. For example, if you are in a hurry, go by a taxi otherwise go by a bus.

In Java, we can implement conditions using certain tools. In the coming sections, we will learn how to apply conditions in a Java program but for this first, we must understand about the operators. Java provides different types of operators [Refer previous chapter Introduction to Java-Data Values and Types] but for conditions, we mainly use two types of operators :

Relational Operators

These operators help in creating a condition. They are is mainly used for the comparison of variables. Java has six relational operators, shown in the following table :

Operator Use Operator Use

> Greater than <= Less than or equal to

< Less than == Comparison of Equality

>= Greater Than or Equal to != Comparison of Inequality

Observe the following conditions and fill in the blanks :(i) Q = 25; T = 55 ( Q == T) will be _________ (True/False)(ii) Q = 25; T = 55 ; R = Q*2; ( R >= T) will be _________ (True/False)(iii) Q = 25; T = 55; W = Q+30 ( Q != T) will be _________ (True/False)

Logical Operators

These operators help to connect more than one condition. Java has three logical operators :

Operator Use Result

! NOT Reverses the result of a given condition

&& AND Result is True only if all the conditions are True

|| OR Result is True if any one of the conditions is True

A condition may be single or composite. A composite condition is made up of multiple conditions which are connected by using logical operators (AND and OR).

Observe the following conditions and fill in the blanks : (i) Q = 25; T = 55; ( Q> 20 && T<100) will be .................. (True/False)(ii) Q = 25; T = 55 ; R = Q*2; ( R == 75 || Q<T ) will be .................. (True/False)(iii) Q = 25; T = 55; V = Q – T (Q !=20 && V<= (T-25) ) will be ..................(True/False)

PROGRAMMING CONSTRUCTS

In a program, the statements are categorized into specific constructs •Sequence Construct •Conditional Construct •Iteration ConstructThe statements in a program are executed in a specific order depending upon the

construct they fall under.

This chapter consists of programs that apply the various programming tools and logic of conditions and loops. The programs are explained below the program list.

PROGRAM LIST

1. Input the principal, rate and time (annual). Calculate and print the simple interest and compound interest.

Given that : SI = P.r.t/100 CI = A – P, where A = (P * (1 + r/100) ^ t)2. Input temperature in Celsius and print the corresponding temperature in

Fahrenheit. Given that : C/5 = (F-32) / 9 3. Input two variables A, B and interchange their values. Print the values before and

after the change.4. During festive season, a confectioner gives 35% allowance to its employees on their

basic pay. Input the basic pay of an employee; calculate the amount of allowance and the total amount payable.

5. Input time in seconds and convert it into total minutes and seconds. 6. In a family summer camp, from each family four members were allowed, that

would include two siblings. An offer was such that if the age of the elder sibling was less than 13 years, both of the siblings would get free lunch otherwise both would get a snack packet. Input the age of both siblings in variables A and B. Store the age of the elder sibling in variable G. Print output statements indicating the above offer.

7. In a library, books were given to members for two weeks. Upon late return, they were charged at a rate as per following chart :

Days Late (D) Late Fine per day (in `)

D <= 3 4

D > 3 && D <= 7 8

D > 8 && D <= 15 12

D > 15 20

Input the number of days late.Calculate andprint the amount of late fine to bepaid.

8. For a password creating team, an extraordinary number was required. The team decidedthatitwouldmarkanumberasextraordinaryifitsatisfiedanyoneofthefollowing conditions :

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(i) The number is divisible by 8 and not by 6 (ii) The number is divisible by 12 Input a number in N, and verify whether it can be used as an extraordinary number

or not. In case if it is, then print “The number is extraordinary” and also print from which condition (1st or 2nd) it became valid otherwise print “The number is ordinary.”

Test the following values : (i) N = 16 (ii) N = 18 (iii) N = 100 (iv) N = 36

(v) N = 24 9. A book store was giving a special discount percent to its customers upon the

purchase of a certain number of books. The following table shows the detail.

Number of books purchased(N)

Discount (d) on total amount

N >= 100 50%

N <100 && N >= 50 25%

N < 50 and N >= 10 10%

otherwise 4%

Input the total amount (TA) and the number of books purchased (N). Calculate and print the discount applicable and the amount payable.

10. An amusement park was offering special discount on bulk purchase of tickets, as shown in the following table.

Number of Tickets (T) Discount Amount (D)

T < 50 5% of Total Ticket Cost

T < 100 & T >= 50 10% of Total Ticket Cost

T < 200 & T >= 100 15% of Total Ticket Cost

T >= 200 25% of Total Ticket Cost

Input the cost of one ticket ( C) and the number of tickets ( T). Calculate and print the discount and the amount to pay.

11. Print the given series : 2 5 10 17 26 37 …. up to n terms12. Print the given series : 2 6 12 20 30 42 56 …. up to n terms13. Print the given series : 3 6 12 24 48 96 …. up to n terms 14. Print the sum of series : x + x/3 + x/5 + x/7 + x/9 + …. + x/1915. Print the sum of series : 1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ……. + 19/2016. Print the sum of series : 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 + … up to n terms 17. Prime Number : It has no factor other than 1 and itself. Input a number and verify

whether it is a Prime number or not. For example, 1718. Composite Number : It has a factor other than 1 and itself. Input a number and

verify whether it is a Prime number or not. For example, 2119. Perfect Number : It has the sum of its factors, excluding itself or equal to itself.

Input a number and verify whether it is a Perfect number or not. For example, 6 = 1 + 2 + 3

This chapter consists of Sample Questions Papers on the entire syllabus.

SET-I

Question 1 : A. Explain : “The Operating System takes measures for detecting and handling

errors.”B. What is the difference between single user operating system and multi user

operating system ?C. What are icons ?D. What is path ?E. What is the meaning of installation of software ?

Question 2 : A. Write the full form of : (i) MODEM (ii) URLB. Identify the following : (i) Which protocol permits any two computers connected to the Internet to

transfer files between them. ……… (ii) A program that helps us to search for the web pages and web sites which

contain matter on the topic specified. ……. C. What is uploading ? How is it useful ?D. Explain the parts of an e-mail address. E. How is an e-mail reliable ?

Question 3 :A. How does MS Word help in easy modification of text ? B. How does MS Word help teachers ?C. What is a presentation ?D. Name the feature/formula in MS Excel that allows : (i) The changing of colors of numbers depending on their value. (ii) Store the remainder of a division.E. In MS Access, identify the following : (i) These are systematic presentation of fields/records on a sheet for viewing. (ii) These are used to view selected data from the tables, based on specific

needs.

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Question 4 :

A. What is cyber crime? Name any two types.B. What is data protection on the Internet?C. What is hacking?D. What is encapsulation?E. Which OOP concept is related with the given situation? [Object, Encapsulation,

Abstraction, Polymorphism, Inheritance] * The gift was a set of 6 cups

Question 5 :

A. An electronics company announces a special combo offer to their customers on purchasing laptops and smart phones. On laptop, 15% discount and on smart phone, 10% discount on the cost. Input the cost of a laptop and a smart phone. Calculate and print the discounts and total amount payable.

B. What will be the output of the given code : for (j = 6 ; j <=10 ; j = j + 2) { System.out.println (j + “& ” + (j-1)); }

Question 6 :

A. A publishing house had code numbers for various subjects. Given below are few :

Code Number Subject Name

52 Political Science

74 Life Science

63 Neuro Science

Input the code number in variable cn. Print the subject name for the given codes. For any other code number, print “.. to be introduced ”. Apply switch-case statement.

B. Rewrite the code using do...while loop : for ( j = 16 ; j <=25 ; j = j + 2) { System.out.println ( j + “& ” + (j-1) ); }

Question 7 :

A. Input a number K. If it is greater than 10, print all the odd numbers from 10 to K, otherwise print “Sorry, wrong limits”.

B. What will be the output of the given code : int s = 0; for ( d = 25 ; d >= 15 ; d = d – 3 ) { s = s + d; System.out.print ( d + “ # ” + s ); }

CHAPTER 1 : OPERATING SYSTEM

Answer 1 : (a) [ii] (b) [iii] (c) [iii] (d) [iv] (e) [i] Answer 2 : (a) system (b)home (c) WindowsExplorer (d) file (e) taskbar (f) Desktop (g) Taskbar (h) software (i) communication (j) deleted Answer 3 : (a) False: The operating system in a computer takes care of both hardware and

software execution.(b) False: Installation means to connect the software and the hardware with the

computer.(c) False:RecycleBinisthefolderwhereallthedeletedfilesarekept.(d) True(e) False: Windows does not allow / \ : “ ? ” <> | in a folder name.(f) False (g) False (h) True (i) True (j) False Answer 4 : (a) Uninstallation is the removing of the software related to any application or

hardware device. It is done when any item is not of use any further.(b) Taskbar is the bar found at the bottom of the desktop. It mainly contains the

Start button, the clock and buttons of respective open programs.(c) There are many types of Operating System : Single-User Operating System, Multi-User Operating System, Multi-tasking Operating System, Multi-processing Operating System(d) Various functions of Operating Systems :(i) Executing programs : It executes various programs for the user and the

functioning of the computer.(ii) I/O Management : The speed of the processor is very high as compared to

the speed of the user. The O/S manages the interrupt signals sent by the I/O devicesforefficientI/Ohandling.

ANSWER SHEET(Answers of Selected Questions)

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