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ICNSCET19- International Conference on New Scientific Creations in

Engineering and Technology

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF

CONCRETE BY PARTIALLY REPLACING COARSE AGGREGATE WITH

CUPOLA SLAG

Mr. R.Elangovan1, R. Prathiba2

1 Assistant Professor, MIET Engineering College, Trichy 2ME (Structural Engineering), MIET Engineering College, Trichy

Abstract

The paper aims to analyzing characteristics compressive and split tensile strength of cupola

slag of concrete produced . The cube and cylinder are casted, tested then physical and mechanical properties

are determined. Three samples specimen will be prepare for each concrete mixes. The parameters will be

tested are compressive strength and split tensile strength referral concrete specimens were casted for

measuring 7 and 28 days compressive strength and split tensile strength. The result of replaced concrete is

compared with the referral concrete.A total number of 60 specimens of concrete cubes and concrete

cylinders with varying percentage of replacement of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% named as CS 0, CS 5, CS

10, CS 15 and CS 20, were casted and tested. The attempt is made to prove in all respect the serviceability

and durability, experimental study is satisfying and can be implemented in rural areas by considering all

technical aspects.

Keywords: Cupola slag, compressive strength, split tensile strength

“I. INTRODUCTION”

In recent times, there is a lot of development in the field of concrete technology. Many investigators

have been developed several techniques to improve workability, strength and durability parameters of the

concrete[6]. Conventional concrete has limited ductility, low impact and abrasion resistance and little

resistance to cracking. A good concrete must possess high strength and low permeability. Hence, alternative

Composite materials are gaining popularity because of ductility and strain hardening. Enormous studies have

been carried out to investigate the possibility of utilizing a wide range of materials as partial replacement

material for cement in the preparation of concrete[4]. The quest for the development of high strength and

high performance concretes has increased considerably in recent times because of the demands from the

construction industry[3]. In the past few years, many research and modifications has been done to produce

concrete with desired characteristics. The use of supplementary cementitious material in the preparation of

concrete may result in major saving of energy, cost and reduction in environmental pollution[9]. It is also

helps to improve workability, strength, durability and chemical resistance of concrete. Durability of concrete

is its ability to resistweathering action, chemical attack, abrasion and allother deterioration processes.

Weathering includes environmental effects such as exposure to cycles ofwetting and drying, heating and

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cooling, as alsofreezing and thawing. [10] Chemical deterioration process includes acid attack, expansive

chemical attack due to moisture and chloride ingress. Mineral admixtures such as fly ash, rice, husk ash,

cupola slag, silica fume etc are more commonly used in the development of concrete mixes. They help in

obtaining both higher performance and economy. [11] These materials increase the long term performance of

the concrete through reduced permeability resulting in improved durability. [12]Addition of such materials

has indicated the improvements in the strength and durability properties of concrete. Cupola slag, which is a

relatively newer material in the concrete industry, is effective in increasing the compressive strength,

reducing the sulphate attack. [13]

1.1 Research significance

The objective of this study is to investigate the strength property of concrete made with cupola slag. A

comparative evaluation of various mixes was studied based on their hardened properties such as;

compressive strength and split tensile strength.

“II.EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME”

2.1 Materials

2.1.1 Ordinary Portland Cement OPC-43

The cement used in all concrete mixes was ordinary Portland Cement OPC-43 grade which

corresponds to IS12269-1987.The properties of OPC is given in the table.1

Fig 1.OPC-43 Cement





Table 1: Chemical composition of OPC 43 grade

2.2 Cupola slag

Cupola slag, a by-product of cast iron manufacturing is produced during the separation of the molten

steel from impurities in cupola furnaces. The slag occurs as a molten liquid melt and is a complex solution of

silicates and oxides that solidifies upon cooling. Virtually all iron and steel is now made in integrated iron

plants using an electric arc furnace process. The open hearth furnace process is no longer used.In the basic

oxygen process, hot liquid blast furnace metal, scrap, and fluxes, which consist of lime (CaO) and dolomitic

lime (CaMg(CO3)2 ), are charged to a furnace. The cupola slag in the form of fine and coarse aggregates less

calcium hydroxide and more cementing compounds means stronger concrete.

Fig.2 cupola slag

S.No Properties

OPC 43 values

1. Lime saturation factor 0.66 – 1.0

2. Alumina Modulus 0.6

3. Insoluble residue (%) 2

4. Magnesia (%) 6

5. Sulphuric anhydrideSO3 (%) 2.5

6. Loss on ignition (%) 5

7. Chloride (%) 0.1

8. C3A Content 3

9. Humidity (%) 72±1





Table 2 : Properties of Cupola Slag

2.3 Fine and coarse aggregates The sand used was local natural sand with specific gravity of 2.60 and fineness modulus of 3.58.

The coarse aggregate with a maximum size of 20 mm and specific gravity, fineness modulus were 2.84 and

8.657 respectively.

Table 3 : Properties of Fine Aggregate

2.3 Mix proportions

The mix proportions are presented in table 3. A total number of 5 mixes were prepared using water

cement ratio of 0.5. The amount of sand, aggregate, and free water kept constant. The amount of cupola

slag varied from 5% to 20% by weight of coarse aggregate to maintain appropriate slump. Control mix(CS

0) was designed as per IS 10262-2009. The cupola slag was added to the mix according to the volumetric

fraction of 5% for the mix CS 5. The cupola slag was added to the mix according to the volumetric fraction

of 10% for the mix CS 10. The cupola slag was added to the mix according to the volumetric fraction of

15% for the mix CS 15. The cupola slag was added to the mix according to the volumetric fraction of 20%

for the mix CS 20.

Table:4 Concrete Mix proportions

2.4 Casting details

Fresh concrete was cast in steel moulds and compacted on a vibrating table. The specimen prepared in this

study were; 150 mm cubes for compressive strength as per IS 516-1999 (13)and 150 mm x 300 mm cylinder

for split tensile strength as per IS 5816 – 1999 (14).

S.No Characteristics Values

1 Type Stone

2 Specific gravity 2.84

3 Color Black

4 Fineness modulus 8.656

S.No Characteristics Values

1 Type Uncrushed (natural )

2 Specific gravity 2.60

3 Fineness modulus 3.588

4 Grading zone III

Cement Fine

Aggregate Coarse

Aggregate Water

435.409 626.262 1058.60 202.80

1 1.5 2.5 0.729

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2.5 Test Methods

Six specimens each were casted and tested in the case of compressive strength and split tensile strength. The

normal moist curing was adopted for 7 days and 28 days. The cube specimens were left in the

hour. After demolding, the specimens were transferred into the water for curing until the age of test. The

strength test was performed on a universal testing machine.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1. Compressive strength test

Form the results for compressive strength; it is evident that an enhancement in strength compared to control

concrete occurs for the cupola slag concrete in all percentage of replacements.

Table:4 Compressive strength test results

Figure 3: compressive strength for all mixes

The use of 5% volume cupola slag (CS5) was found to revel a

higher than that of control mix (CS 0).

higher than that of the control concrete (

16.31

26.5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

CS 0

Co

mp

ress

ive

str

en

gth

( M

Pa

)

Mix

proportions

CS 0

CS 5

CS 10

CS 15

CS 20

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normal moist curing was adopted for 7 days and 28 days. The cube specimens were left in the


strength test was performed on a universal testing machine.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


concrete occurs for the cupola slag concrete in all percentage of replacements.

Table:4 Compressive strength test results

Figure 3: compressive strength for all mixes

The use of 5% volume cupola slag (CS5) was found to revel a compressive strength of about 5.39%

higher than that of control mix (CS 0). The increase in Strength for mix (CS10) by volume was 7.38%

higher than that of the control concrete (CS0) in 7 days and 9.51% increse in 14 days. Simillarly mix (

17.51 17.8618.54

20.3

28.89

34.1

38.5

20.3

CS 5 CS 10 CS 15 CS 20

Replacement in percentage

7 Days curing 28 days curing

proportions

Compressive strength (N/mm2)

7days curing 28 days curing

16.31 26.5

17.51 28.5

17.86 34.1

18.54 38.5

20.3 36.2

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normal moist curing was adopted for 7 days and 28 days. The cube specimens were left in the moulds for 24



compressive strength of about 5.39%

10) by volume was 7.38%

0) in 7 days and 9.51% increse in 14 days. Simillarly mix (CS15)

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by volume was 5.96% higher than that of the control concrete (

The mix (CS20) had a higher compressive strength than that of control mix (

different ages.

3.2 Split tensile strength

Split tensile strengths of cupola slag concrete were found to be higher compared to reference and

concrete.

Figure 4: Split tensile strength for all mixes

The use of a 5% volume of cupola slag

5.88% higher than that of the control mix (

19.64% than that of mix (CS0). Whereas the mix (

1.3

2.1

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

CS 0

spli

t te

nsi

le

stre

ng

th (

MP

a )

Mix

proportions

CS 0

CS 5

CS 10

CS 15

CS 20

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Special Issue; March

volume was 5.96% higher than that of the control concrete (CS0) in 7 days and 9.56% increse in 14 days.

20) had a higher compressive strength than that of control mix (CS

tensile strengths of cupola slag concrete were found to be higher compared to reference and

Table:4Split tensile strength test results

Figure 4: Split tensile strength for all mixes

cupola slag (CS5) was found to reveal a split tensile strength of about

5.88% higher than that of the control mix (CS0). The increase in strength for mix (

0). Whereas the mix (CS15) had a higher split tensile strength than that of

1.5

2.3

3.1

2.53.37

3.33.4

3

CS 5 CS 10 CS 15 CS 20

Replacement in percentage

7 Days curing 28 days curing

proportions

Split tensile strength (N/mm2)

7days curing 28 days curing

1.3 2.1

1.5 2.4

2.3 3.3

3.1 3.4

2.5 3.0

on New Scientific Creations in Engineering and Technology (ICNSCET-19)

Engineering & Research (IJRTER)

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0) in 7 days and 9.56% increse in 14 days.

CS0) by about 11 - 5% in

tensile strengths of cupola slag concrete were found to be higher compared to reference and

) was found to reveal a split tensile strength of about

increase in strength for mix (CS10) by volume was

15) had a higher split tensile strength than that of





control mix (CS0) by about 31.27%.Themix (CS20 had a split tensile strength than that of control mix

(CS0) by about 18.97%.

IV. CONCLUSIONS

From the present investigation on the effect of partial replacement of coarse aggregate with cupola

slag in cement concrete, The physical properties of cupola slag is satisfying the requirements of coarse

aggregate. The cost of concrete made with cupola slag is less than conventional concrete because the cupola

slag which were less cast. At 15% replacement of coarse aggregate with cupola slag there is no reduction in

compressive strength with respect to controlled concrete. At 15% replacement of coarse aggregate with

cupola slag that shown only marginal increase in split tensile strength was observed. Based on this

experimental investigation, it is found that cupola slag can be used as an alternative material to the coarse

aggregate up to certain percentage. Inclusion of cupola slag serves as an invaluable means to protect

environmental resources, which may result in more viable constructions in the future.

References

[1] Iswarya.A., “A review on use of cupola slag in concrete”, International Journal (ESTIJ), ISSN: 2250-3498, Vol.3, No.3,

June 2013.

[2] NidhiMurali, “A Study on Mechanical and Durability Properties of High Performance Concrete Containing cupola slag

And Steel Fibre”, ISSN: 2347-1964., Vol. 2, June 2014.

[3] J. Thivya, “Comparative Analysis on Partial Replacement of coarse aggregate by cupola slag and Fine Aggregate by

Granite Powder”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT)Volume 4 Issue 4,

April 2016, ISSN No: 2348 – 8190.

[4] P. Dinakar, “Effect of cupola slag on the Properties of High Strength Concrete”, Vol.7, No.3, pp.215–223, September

2013., ISSN 1976-0485.

[5] Shan C Sabu,, “Effect of cupola slag on various Properties of concrete- an overview”., International Journal (ESTIJ),

ISSN: 2250-3498, VOL.No.4., Issue No. 01, January 2016.

[6] Beulah M., Prahallada M. C. Professor, “Effect of replacement of coarse aggregate by cupola slag on the properties of

high performance concrete subjected to hydrochloric acid attack”, ISSN: 2248-9622.

[7] M.Narmatha., “cupola slag is the best material for replacement of coarse aggregate in concrete”., e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-

ISSN: 2320-334, Volume 13, Issue 4 Ver. I (Jul/Aug. 2016).

[8] Avanchasrisowmya., “Studies on strength characteristics of concrete with cupola slag as an coarse aggregate”.,

international research journal of engineering and technology (irjet)., vol.No:02, e-issn: 2395 -0056.

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