ICM/UTM - CSIC Hymex activities

• L’Estartit time series (1974-2010)

• Western Mediterranean Deep water formation

• E-P estimation in Ocean Models assimilation

• SMOS mission

L’Estartit time series

• Trends of air and sea warming

• Seasonal shifts

• Trends on period where Tair > Twater

• Effect on evaporation/precipitation

• New approach for latent heat exchange

Warming trendsAir Temperature anomaly

dT=0.0541·(year-1971)-0.807

-4

-2

0

2

4

1971

1974

1977

1980

1983

1986

1989

1992

1995

1998

2001

2004

2007

Sea Surface Temperature anomaly dT= 0.0356·(year-1974)-0.462

-3-2-10123

1974

1977

1980

1983

1986

1989

1992

1995

1998

2001

2004

2007

Sea Temperature anomaly @ 80 m dT= 0.0228·(year-1974)-0.305

-3-2-10123

1974

1977

1980

1983

1986

1989

1992

1995

1998

2001

2004

2007

Seasonal shifts

days when T@20m>17°C

1st.day = -0,77·(year-1974)+176,3 last.day = 0,67·(year-1974)+297,8

120160200240280320360

1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006

Ju

lia

n d

ay

Trends on period of Tair > Twater

days when Tair>Tsup

1st.day = -1,43·(year-1974)+132,3 last.day = 0,64·(year-1974)+224,1

60

100

140

180

220

260

300

1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006

Ju

lian

day

WMDW formation

• Evolution of WMDW

• Western Mediterranean transient

• Effects on the hydrological cycle

• Control of Gibraltar inflow/outflow

• How can we monitor inflow?

Deep Water Formation (DWF) area

Rhone

G. of Lions

Catalan coast

G. of GenovaCarcassonne

SM

PC

Western Mediterranean Transient

(°C)

S

(kg.m-3)

~12.89

~ 38.49

> 29.12

2007 2008

Temperature and near-bottom current speed at the point C From: Puig et al., 2009

Temperature, Salinity and density at the point M From: Fuda et al., 2009

Shifts in DWF

Gibraltar input/output

Tem

per

atu

reSalin

ity

80 m

80 m

270 m

270 m

270 m

270 m

Input: zoom scale

E-P estimates in ocean models

• The amplitude of the water cycle over the oceans is given by E-P. In numerical models, Evaporation is calculated with empirical formulae using a fixed set of parameters.

• Our work aims to identify which parameters, of these empirical formulae, have the largest impact of the E-P fluxes in an ocean model (NEMO-OPA).

• Our objective is to infer the appropriate value of these parameters using Data Assimilation techniques.

Objective: Determining the turbulent coefficients that affect the E-P balance of the model.

Standard deviation of E-P from areference simulation of the model: CE,orig

Difference between S+ and S-. S+ = simulation CE =

1.25 * CE,orig

S- = simulation CE = 0.75 * CE,orig

lat a E E a su aQ L C U q q

Same order of magnitude

SMOS

• Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity, an Earth Explorer Opportunity Mission from the European Space Agency

• Pioneer technology for earth observation (microwave interferometric radiometer)

• Spain leading role (science, technology, industry, processing, Valencia validation site)

• Launched November 2, 2009. In operations phase since May 2010

I. Corbella, UPC: SMOS brightness temperature

Sea Surface Salinity

Objective: Determining sea surface salinity with an accuracy of the order of 0.1 practical salinity units, 100 – 200 km spatial resolution and 10 – 30 days temporal resolution

http://www.smos-bec.icm.csic.es

Retrieved SSS along an orbit(SMOS L2OS Operational Processor)

(N. Reul, IFREMER, Brest)

(M. Talone, SMOS-BEC, Barcelona)

Soil MoistureObjective: Determining soil moisture with a 4% accuracy, plus vegetation water content, with a spatial resolution of 50 km and a revisiting time of at least 3 days

Spanish SMOS level 3 and 4Data Processing Centrehttp://www.cp34-smos.icm.csic.es/

CESBIO/CNES, Toulouse: preliminary soil moisture m3 water / m3 soil