ICHNOFABRIC ANALYSIS OF THE TITHONIAN SHALLOW MARINESEDIMENTS (BHADASAR FORMATION) JAISALMER BASIN, INDIAByBhawanisingh G Dsai! an" Ra#n"$a D%&& Sa'(aniS)h**( *+ ,&$*(%- T)hn*(*gy, ,an"i& Dn"aya( ,&$*(%- .ni/$si&y, Raisan 0i((ag, Gan"hinaga$ 1234556G%#a$a&, INDIA! 7hawanig"8g-ai(9)*-R.NNING TITLE: ICHNOFABRIC ANALYSIS OF SHALLOW MARINE SEDIMENTS1 12ABSTRACTTh Sha((*w -a$in s"i-n&a$y s;%n) *+ &h Jaisa(-$ Basin i--$i"giansan"s&*nLsha(s;%n)(Baisa'hiF*$-a&i*n) +*((*w" 7y Ti&h*nian san"s&*n s;%n) (Bha"asa$ F*$-a&i*n)9 In s%7s%$+a), &his>i--$i"gian1Ti&h*nian)(as&i)s;%n)s&ha& */$(i&hCa((*/ian1O*(a$ D*nga$ --7$ is &h*("s& *+ &h--7$ *+ &h&w*an"is)ha$a)&$iF"7y+$$%gin*%s an" )a()a$*%s san"s&*n a(&$na&ing wi&h )(ays&*ns an" sha(s9 Th y*%ng$ M*'a(M-7$ is $=$sn&" 7y ha$" #*in&", +in g$ain" a$gi((a)*%s, +$$%gin*%s san"s&*ns9 Th =$sn& s&%"i" s)&i*n (Fig%$ 4 an" Ta7( 4) )an 7 )*$$(a&" wi&h AB"s Ia 1I" &*B"s ?? a1 ??) *+ ,an"y an" >$ishna (4554)9 Bas" *n &h +*ssi( )*n&n&, Da/ an" Cha&$#(?DDI)C ,an"yan">$ishna, (4554) an"Singh(455I) ha/)*nsi"$"Bha"asa$ F*$-a&i*n,s=)ia((y >*(a$ D*nga$ M-7$ &* 7 *+ Ti&h*nian ag9 ,an"y an" >$ishna (4554) 7as" *na--*ni&s ga/ a 7i*s&$a&ig$a=hi) ag $anging +$*- CommunisF*n &*&ensiplicatusF*n *+In"*1Eas&1A+$i)ans&an"a$"s)h- +*$ >a)h)hh9 F*$ asy$+$n), &h =$sn& s)&i*nisn%-7$" (Ta7( 4)9 Th(*w$ )*n&a)& 7&wnBaisa'hi F-(Lan(aM-7$) an"Bha"asa$ F-(>*(a$D*nga$ M-7$) is w(( a(a"*nga$ F*$-a&i*n *+>a)h)hh (FJ$si)h, ?DD3), an" Ca((*/ian s"i-n& *+ Ha7* "*- (,a&(et al, 4553), an"O(ig*)n B*'a7i( F*$-a&i*n *+ Mani=%$ (Singh et al, 45?5)9 Ancorichnus $=$sn&s inn$ sh(+"=*si&i*na( n/i$*n-n& >igh(y an" ,i)'$i(( (?DDE, &%n"a( an" Sanganwa$,4555) an" +$*- Mi*)n s"i-n& *+ Mani=%$ (Singh et al, 45?5)9 I)hn*gn%s phiomorphaisa(s* $=*$&" +$*- In&$&i"a( s"i-n&s *+ Man"/i, >a)h)hh (Dsai an" ,a&(, 4553), wh$ &hy7(*ng&*=$1*-issi*ns%i&s9 Thphiomorphais a)ha$a)&$is&i)&$a)+*ssi( +*$ &hhighn$gy, -*7i( s%7s&$a& 7(*nging &* sha((*w -a$in n/i$*n-n&, s=)ia((y s%7&i"a( &* (*w$in&$&i"a( F*n(,a&( an"Dsai, 455D)9 Th&$a)-a'$*+&hs7%$$*wsiss&*-a&*=*"ans(,a&( an" Dsai, 455?) *$ Callianassa sh$i-=9!alaeophycus tubularis Ha(( ?3E6Fig%$ E (, +)aterial: ,D,.LS,TLILLBGDLJaisa(L33, 3D"escription: En"i)hnia((y =$s$/" +%(( $(i+ 7%$$*w9 B%$$*w &hin(y (in" s&$aigh& &* s(igh&(y)%$/9 B%$$*w wa(( )*nsis&ing *+ "is&in)& &hi)' ann%(a&i*ns *+ 412 -- &hi)'9 Ann%(a&i*ns )*nsis&*+ &hi)' wa/y $i"gs an" g$**/s &ha& a$ s=a)" $g%(a$(y9 B%$$*w )y(in"$i)a( in )$*ss s)&i*nwi&h "ia-&$ $anging +$*- ?21?3 -- "ia-&$, an" in s*- )ass i& is %=&*4H --9 +i(( i"n&i)a(&* &h h*s& $*)'9Re#ar$s: Th &y= *+ )ha$a)&$is&i) ann%(a&i*ns *))%$$ing *n &h 7%$$*w wa(( -a&)hs wi&h &h!alaeophycusannulatus"s)$i7"7yBa"/(?D36)9 Ins*-)ass&$ansi&i*na( +*$-s+*$&h*%&$ wa(( *$na-n&a&i*n 7&wn !alaeophycus tubularisan" !alaeophycus annulatusa$ a(s*n*&i)"9 H*w/$, B%)'-an (?DDH) "*%7&" &h /a(i"i&y *+ &h ,a(a*=hy)%s annulatus. W a(s*,7as" *n *%$ s&%"y *+ &h &y= s=)i-ns, ag$ &* &h /iws *+ B%)'-an (?DDH) an" hn) &h=$sn& -a&$ia( is '=& in !. tubularis9 Th s=)is is a$(i$ $=*$&" +$*- J%$assi) *+ Ja$a "*-(Dsai et al, 4553) an" +$*- Oi-, ,i)'$i(( an" Wi(s*n, 4555Fig%$ E (g)102152162172182192202212222232242252262272282292302312322332342352362372382392402412422432442451920aterial: ,D,.LS,TLILLBGDLJaisa(L22, 2H"escription:Endichnial preservationoftubularburrow, orientedhoriontal orobli!uetobeddin"plane# $urrowthinl%lined, unbranchedcircularincrosssection# $urrow ter&inates with a he&ispeherical, ter&inal bulb# $ulb len"thsabout 18'19&& with dia&eter of 35 &&, tube len"th &ore than 40 && whiletube dia&eter is about22 & $urrow (ll si&ilar to the host roc)# Re#ar$s:!. bolbiterminus is)ha$a)&$iF" 7y &$-ina( 7%(7s &ha& a$ h-is=h$i)a( &*h-i((i=&i)a(, $s-7(ing&h )a=*+ a 7%&&*n-%sh$**-(>i-et al9, 4555)9 F$*-In"ians%7)*n&inn&, i& is a$(i$ $=*$&" +$*- Ea$(y Ca-7$ian *+ Ta( F*$-a&i*n (Dsai et al, 45?5)9 I& isin&$=$&" &* 7 =assi/(y +i((" "w((ing s&$%)&%$s (>i- et al, 4555)9 !hycodes palmatus (Ha((, ?3H4)Fig%$ H (")aterial: ,D,.LS,TLILLBGDLJaisa(L Bh ???, ?2?, ?24, ?2H"escription:En"i)hnia(, +%(( $(i+ =$s$/a&i*n*+ 7%$$*ws &ha& a$h*$iF*n&a( &*in)(in&*7""ing =(an9 B%$$*ws a$ 7$an)h", s&$aigh&, *$ s(igh&(y )%$/", *))asi*na((y &%7 -ay )*n&ain(a-ina +*$-ing s=$i& s&$%)&%$s9 T%7s a$ )*n/a)h)hh 7asin9 Bas"*n&hs&$a&ig$a=hi)-a==ingan"7i*s&$a&ig$a=hi))*$$(a&i*n7as"*n)*(()&"+*ssi()*n&n&s, &hs&%"i"s)&i*nwas)*$$(a&"wi&h&h=%7(ish"(i&$a&%$*+,an"yan">$ishna (4554) +*$ Ti&h*nian 7i*s&$a&ig$a=hy +*$ >*(a$ D*nga$ M-7$ (N Bha"asa$ M-7$)9194904914924934944954964974984995005015025035045055065075085095105115125135145155165175185195203738Th I)hn*+a7$i) ? (phiomorpha? I)hn*+a7$i) wi&h Syns"i-n&a$y +a%(&ing) )*1$(a&a7(S%7+$;%ns s%7F*n (C*--%nis G*n) in"i)a&s i&s "=*si&i*n in high n$gy )*n"i&i*ns&y=i)a((y*+ (*w$ sh*$+a) -a$in )*n"i&i*ns -ay7 )*$$(a&" wi&h&h9 Th */$(yingI)hn*+a7$i) 4 )*$$s=*n"ing &* (*w$ an" -i""( =a$& *+ Dnsi=(i)a&%s s%7F*n, in"i)a&s highn$gy )*n"i&i*ns *+ %==$ sh*$ +a) "=*si&i*na( n/i$*n-n&9 Th */$(ying &w* i)hn*+a7$i)(Ancorichnus an" Ancorichnus 1"osselia Ichnofabric) wi&h %=wa$" in)$as in "i/$si&y *+ &$a)+*ssi(s in"i)a&s "=*si&i*n *+ s"i-n& in (*w$ *++sh*$ &* inn$ sh(+ n/i$*n-n& )*$$s=*n"s&* %==$ =a$& *+ Dnsi=(i)a&%s s%7F*n9 Th */$(ying s"i-n&s wi&h I)hn*+a7$i)1 H )*$$s=*n"s&* O==(i s%7F*n in"i)a&s 7$a)'ish 7ay n/i$*n-n& +*$ &h "=*si&i*n *+ s"i-n&9 Th%s, >*(a$D*nga$ M-7$ 7(*nging &* Ti&h*nian ag in"i)a&s +(%)&%a&ing "=*si&i*na( n/i$*n-n&$anging +$*-(*w$ sh*$+a) &* %==$ sh*$ +a) &* Sh(+ an" +ina((y &* 7$a)'ish 7ayn/i$*n-n&9REFERENCEBa"/ R M ?D36 A $assss-n& *+ s&$a&ig$a=hy *+ Bagh B"s, Ba$wah a$a, Ma"hya ,$a"shwi&h "s)$i=&i*n *+ &$a) +*ssi(sC J. Geol. 'oc. India 3* ?5I 1?459Ba"/ R M an" Gha$M A ?D35 I)hn*+a%na*+ &h Bagh 7"s +$*- D/aganga $i/$ 0a((y,S*%&h *+ Na$-a"aC 4iovigynam, ) ?4?1?259Bny*n B M an" ,-7$&*n S G ?DD4 I)hn*(*gi)a( signa&%$ *+ a 7$a)'ish wa&$ "=*si&: anC Bha&&a)ha$ya Aan" G%ha S ("s) G(i-=ss *+ G*s)in) $sa$)h in In"ia9 Th In"ian R=*$& &* I.GS455E14553, INSA ,%7(i)a&i*n, Banga(*$9 Bi((ingsE?3I4Nws=)is*++*ssi(s+$*-"i++$n& =a$&s*+&hL*w$,Mi""(an".==$Si(%$ian $*)'s *+ Cana"a9 In: ,a(a*F*i) +*ssi(s ?(?3I?1?3IH) Geol. 'urv. Can9 DI1?I3205215225235245255265275285295305315325335345355365375385395405415425435445455465475483940B*$'a$ 0 D an" >%('a$ni > G 455? On &h *))%$$n) *+ RhiF*)*$a((i%- Gn'$ +$*- &h Ha7%$F*$-a&i*n (A=&ian), Ra#as&hanC Gond. Geol. Mag. 1) ?H145B*$'a$ 0 D an" >%('a$ni > G 455I ,a$a((( s%))ssi*n *+ i)hn*(*gi) an" "iagn&i) /n&s +$*-Baisa'hi F*$-a&i*n (>i--$i"gian), Ra#as&hanC Curr. 'ci. +1 E4D1 E2?9B*s , >, Gh*sh G, Sh*- S an" Ba$"han S ?D33 E/i"n) *+ s%=$i-=*si&i*n *+ s&*$- wa/s*n &i"a( )%$$n&s in $*)'s +$*- Ti&h*nian &* N*)*-ian .-ia --7$ >%&)h, In"iaC'edi.Geol. &! 24?124D9B$*-(yR G an" .)h-anA 4552 T$a) +*ssi(s +$*- &h L*w$ an" Mi""( J%$assi) -a$gina(-a$in "=*si&s *+ &h S*$&ha& F*$-a&i*n, B*$nh*(-, Dn-a$'C4ull. Geol. 'oc. &enmark&2 ?3H14539 B$*-(y RG, .)h-an A, G$g*$yNan"Ma$&inAJ 4552(illichnus lobosensisign9& is=9n*/9, a)*-=(s&$a)+*ssi( =$*"%)"7y&((ina)an7i/a(/s, ,a(*)n, M*n&$y,Ca(i+*$nia, .9S9AC !aleogeog., !alaeocli., !alaeoeco. 1+2 ?H61?3I9B%)' S G an" G*("$ing R 4552 C*ni)a( s"i-n&a$y s&$%)&%$s, &$a) +*ssi(s *$ n*&K O7s$/a&i*n,(in&$ F*$-a&i*n, Eas& G$n(an"C !alaeogeog. !alaeocl. !alaeoecol9 ,+44?14E39Dasg%=&aS>?D6HA $/isi*n*+ &hMs*F*i)1T$&ia$ys&$a&ig$a=hy*+ &hJaisa(-$ 7asin,Ra#as&hanC Ind. J. 7arth .'ci. 2-1. 661 DE9Dash&ga$" S E, Ging$as M > an" Ma)Ea)h- J A 455D &i"a((y -*"%(a&" sh*$+a)C J. 'edim."es.,+ 6D213569Da/ A an" Cha&&$# T > ?DDI Bi*s&$a&ig$a=hy *+ J%$assi) s"i-n&sC J. Geol. 'oc. India !,E661 ED59Dsai B G, Sh%'(a Ra#i&a an" Sa'(ani R D 45?5 I)hn*(*gy *+ &h Ea$(y Ca-7$ian Ta( G$*%=,Niga(i"ha$ Syn)(in, Lss$ Hi-a(aya, In"iaC Ichnos1, -!. 42214EH9Dsai BGan",a&( SJ4553T$a)+*ssi( ass-7(ags(I)hn*)*n*ss) *+ &h&)&*ni)a((y%=(i+&" H*(*)n sh*$(ins, >a)h)hh, Ws&$n In"iaC J. Geol. 'oc. India ,1 H461HE59Dsai B G, ,a&( S J, Sh%'(a R an" D S%$/ 4553 Ana(ysis *+ I)hn*g%i("s an" Thi$ Signi+i)an)inIn&$=$&ingI)hn*(*gi)a( E/n&s: AS&%"y+$*-Jh%$anF*$-a&i*n(.==$ J%$assi)),Ws&$n >a)h)hh, In"iaC J. Geol. 'oc. India ,2 EH31EII9225725735745755765775785795805815825835845855865875885895905915925935945954344Dsai BGan",a&( SJ455E>a)h)hha$&h;%a'*+ 455?Sis-i)a((y&$igg$"D+*$-"S&$%)&%$s in in&$&i"a( s"i-n&s *+ Man"/i )*as& in &h G%(+ *+ >a)h)hh G%#a$a&C J. Geol.'oc. India. )!-&. I261IEI9E'"a( A A, B$*-(y R G an" ,-7$&*n S G?D3E I)hn*(*gy: T$a) F*ssi(s in S"i-n&*(*gyan" S&$a&ig$a=hy9 SE,M Sh*$& C*%$s, N*9 ?H9F$yRW?DD5T$a)+*ssi(san"h%--*)'y)$*ss1s&$a&i+i)a&i*n, .==$C$&a)*%s*+.&ahC!alaios & 45214?39F$yRWan"B$*-(yRG?D3H I)hn*(*gy*+ A-$i)an)ha('s: &hS(-aG$*%=(.==$C$&a)*%s), ws&$n A(a7a-aC Can. J. 7ar. 'ci., 22 35?13439F$i(ing D 4556 "osselia socialis in &h .==$ Ma$in M*(ass *+ s*%&hws&$nG$-anyC 8acies &3 E6D1 ED49 FJ$si)h F T, ,an"y D >, >asya= D, Wi(-sn, M 455I Th &$a) +*ssi( Ctenopholeus Si(a)h$M H-(7n, ?DII +$*- &h J%$assi) *+ In"ia an" I$an: "is&in)&i*n +$*- $(a&" i)hn*gn$aC3eus. Jahrb. Geol. !al9ont. S IE?1IHE9FJ$si)h F T ?DD3 En/i$*n-n&a( "is&$i7%&i*n *+ T$a) +*ssi(s in &h J%$assi) *+ >a)h)hh (Ws&$nIn"ia)C 8acies 3+ 4E214649FJ$si)h F T ?D6E C*$a((ian (.==$ J%$assi)) &$a) +*ssi(s +$*- Eng(an" an" N*$-an"yC 'tutt.4eit. 3atur. 13 ?1H49FJ$si)h F T an" ,an"y D > 4552 S;%n) s&$a&ig$a=hi) sigini+i)an) *+ s"i-n&a$y )y)(s an"sh(()*n)n&$a&i*nsin&h.==$J%$assi)1L*w$C$&a)*%s*+>a)h)hh,Ws&$nIn"iaC !alaeogeog. !alaeocl. !alaeoecol. 1+3 43H125D9G$a$" J RFan"B$*-(y RG4553I)hn*+a7$i)s in )(as&i) s"i-n&s: A==(i)a&i*ns &*s"i-n&*(*gi)a( )*$ s&%"is, a =$a)&i)a( g%i"C Ibergraphi Ma"$i", ?55 ==9235965975985996006016026036046056066076086096106116126136146156166176184546Gi7$& J M Dan" Ma$&in((YJ?DD3 I)hn*+a7$i)s *+ &h ,(i*)n -a$gina( Ma$in 7asins *+&h N*$&hws&$n M"i&$$ananC "ev. 'oc. Geo. 7spana 11 -1/2. E21HI9Gi7$& J M D an" Bnn$ J S 4554 Th &$a) +*ssi( Gyrochorte: &h*(*gy an" =a(*)*(*gyC "ev.7spa. !aleont. 1,-1. ?1?49G**"win , W an" An"$s*n E J ?D6E S&$%)&%$s *+ a Ca-7$ian &i"a( san" 7*"yC Geol 02 66D16DD9Ha(( J ?3E6 ,a(a*n&*(*gy *+ Nw Y*$'C C9 0an Bn&h%ysn, A(7any 1 223 =.Ha(( J ?3H4,a(a*n&*(*gy *+ Nw Y*$'C C9 0an Bn&h%ysn, A(7any 2 2I4H$ O ?3IH Di .$w(& "$ S)hwiFC F$i"$i)h S)h%(&hss (G%$i)h), )22==92I39Hin7$g C ?D6E A "yna-i) -*"( +*$ a -nis)%s +i((" &%nn( (Ancorichnus n9 i)hn*gn9) +$*-&h J%$assi) ,)&n san"s&*n *+ Mi(n Lan", Eas& G$n(an"C "app. Gr:nlands geol.;nders9 )2 ==9 459Jain S , an" Ga$g R 45?4 Bi*s&$a&ig$a=hi) i-=(i)a&i*ns *+ &h $)*$" *+ gn%s (imalayites +$*-&h La& Ti&h*nian s"i-n&s *+ Jaisa(-$, Ws&$n In"iaC J. !aleo9 'oc. Ind. &,-2., ?5H1???9>igh(yDGan",i)'$i(( R >?DDETh I)hn*gn%s4eaconitesan"i&s "is&in)&i*n+$*-Ancorichnus an" $aenidiumC !alaeontology 3, 25H12269>i- J Y, ,i)'$i(( R > an" Wi(s*n R A 4555 !alaeophycus bolbitermilus is=9 n*/9 +$*- &h (*w$Si(%$ian.=sa(;%i&)hF*$-a&i*n*+ NwB$%nswi)', Eas&$nCana"aC AtlanticGeology 3)?2?1?269>$ishna J ?D36 An */$/iw *+ &h Ms*F*i) s&$a&ig$a=hy *+ >a)h)hh an" Jaisa(-$ 7asinCJ.!aleo. 'oc. Ind. 32 ?2I1 ?ED9>%('a$ni >G, B*$'a$ 0 Dan",&a$ T J4553I)hn*+*ssi(s+$*-&hF*$&M-7$(Mi""(J%$assi)), Jaisa(-$ F*$-a&i*n, Ra#as&hanC J. Geol. 'oc. India. ,1 62?1623246196206216226236246256266276286296306316326336346356366376386396406416426436444748>%n"a( , an"Sanganwa$BN4555I)hn*+*ssi(s+$*-&hNi-a$San"s&*nF*$-a&i*n, BaghG$*%= *+ Manawa$ A$a, Dha$ Dis&$i)&, M9 ,9C Geol. 'oc. India Memoir !) 44D14E29>%-a$ A ?D6DR=*$& *n&h*))%$$n)*+Gy$*)h*$&an"*&h$7i(*7"&$a)+*ssi(sin&hJaisa(-$ F*$-a&i*n, Ra#as&hanC Curr. 'ci. !0 3?69L%n"g$n S A B ?3D? S&%"i$ T+/$ +*ssi(+T$an" (Tsa 7(*)'CGeol 8, FJ$si)h FT an" Ba$*n1SFa7* R 455D J%$assi) )*$a(s +$*- &h Jaisa(-$ Basin, Ws&$n Ra#as&han, In"iaC=itteliana, A !01!+ ?21269256456466476486496506516526536546556566576586596606616626636646656666676686696704950,an"y D >, Sha J, an" Ch*%"ha$y S 45?5 S"i-n&a$y )y)(s in &h Ca((*/ian1Ool. Jura. 0 ?2?1?I4,an"y D >, Ch*%"ha$y S, Baha"%$ T, Swa-i N, ,**nia D, Sha, J 45?4 A $/iw *+ &h L*w$1(*w$-*s& .==$ J%$assi) +a)is an" s&$a&ig$a=hy *+ &h Jaisa(-$ Basin, Ws&$n Ra#as&han,In"iaC >ol. Jura. 1* I?1349,a$'hHS?D3?Basin)*n+ig%$a&i*nan"s"i-n&a$ys&$a&ig$a=hy*+Ws&$nRa#as&hanCJ.Geol. 'oc. India 22 H?61H469,a&( SJan"Dsai BG455?ThR=%7(i)"ay>a)h)hhEa$&h;%a'*+ 455?: T$a%-ainratos)uilla striataC J. Geol. 'oc. India. &0 4?H14?I9,a&( S J an" Dsai B G 455D Ani-a(1S"i-n& R(a&i*nshi= *+ &h )$%s&a)ans an" ,*(y)ha&sin &h in&$&i"a( G*n a$*%n" Man"/i G%(+ *+ >a)h)hh Ws&$n In"iaC J. Geol. 'oc.India.,! 42214HD9,a&( S J, Dsai B G, 0ai"ya A D an" Sh%'(a R 4553 Mi""( J%$assi) &$a) +*ssi(s +$*- Ha7*D*-, -ain(an" >a)h)hh, ws&$n In"iaCJ. Geol. 'oc. India ,1, 2EH12I49,*w(( JH?DD4Gy$*)h*$&7%$$*ws+$*-S)a$7*$*%ghF*$-a&i*n(Mi""(J%$assi)) *+ &hC(/(an" Basin, an" &hi$ s"i-n&*(*gi)a( s&&ingsC !roc. ?orkshire Geol. 'oc. !+9 E?1E69Rai J, Singh A an" ,an"y D > 45?2 Ea$(y &* Mi""( A(7ian ag Ca()a$*%s nan*+*ssi(s +$*- ,a$iwa$ F*$-a&i*n *+ Jaisa(-$ Basin Ra#as&han, Ws&$n In"ia an" &hi$ signi+i)an)C Curr.'ci. 1*&-11. ?I5E1?I??9Rin)' H E an" Singh I B ?D35 D=*si&i*na( s"i-n&a$y n/i$*n-n&s, HH? ==9 4n" E"i&i*n9 B$(in: s=$ing$ 0$(ag9S)h(i$+M4555.==$J%$assi)&$a)+*ssi(s+$*-&hB*%(*nnais(N*$&h$nF$an))CGeol. et!alaeont. 3! ?EH14?29Si(a)h$ A ?DHH S=%$n %n" FaFis i- .ny$'a-7$i%-9 In: O9H9 S)hin"w*(+ an" Si(a)h$,Bi&$ag F%$ >nn&nis "s >a-7$i%-s in "$ Sa(& $ang (,a'is&an)C Akad. @iss. Lit. Main#.Math.2nat. 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