ICHET 7 Years

7/29/2019 ICHET 7 Years

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H

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Bipolar plate Electrode

Gas diffusio n la yer Me mbrane

2

H2

Air (O)2

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE

FOR HYDROGEN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIESA project of the United Nations Industrial Development Organizationsupported by the Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources

UNIDO-ICHET

Sabri lker Sk. 38/4, Cevizlibag, Zeytinburnu, 34015 Istanbul, Turkey. Tel. +90 212 416 48 48. Fax. +90 212 416 89 47

www.unido-ichet.org

ICHET

-

Hydrogene

nergyinaction

(2nd

edition)

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE

FOR HYDROGEN ENERGY TEC


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UNIDO-ICHET, June 2011. Second edition.

7 years o


3/38

>> Contents >>

Foreword: Shaping a vision .................

Towards renewable hydrogen ................

The birth and role of ICHET ...................

Spotlight on: ICHET donors ...............

Projects ...............................................

Fuel cell powered forklifts ............

Fuel cell UPS installations ............

Hydrogen three wheeled vehicles .

Hydrogen island projects .............

The Ecocaravan ..........................

Spotlight on: the Ecocaravan T

The Golden Horn hydrogen ecosy

The fuelling station .............

The hybrid bus ...................

Hydrogen boats ..................

Applied R&D ........................................

Fuel cell production in Turkey .......

SOFC based cogeneration ..........

Hythane and hydrogen engine pro

Support ................................................

Funding .......................................

Training and dissemination ..........

Laboratories .................................

Spotlight on: ICHET laboratories ......

Corporate information .......................

Human resources ........................

Budget evolution .........................

Partnerships .................................

Closing words: The hydrogen challenge

Acknowledgement .................................


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Our ecosystem willthe human speciesof fossil fuel sourceDr. Mustafa Hatipoglu

ICHET Managing Director


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>> Foreword >>

10 >>

Shaping a visionThe International Centre for H

United Nations Industrial Deve

and supported by the Turkish M

our engineers and scientists he

projects with universities, R&D

with special emphasis on the la

hydrogen technology products

7 years of operation on the hyd

back at our achievements in or

tion of corporate statistics, dem

coherent vision supplemented

the rst stages of a hydrogen in

Because our ecosystem will no longer be able to nurture the human spe-

cies if the exploitation and consumption of fossil fuel sources continues

at its current rate, the gradual switch to clean energy resources has be-

come a necessity. With an energy yield per weight unit tr iple that of fossil

fuels, hydrogen is the ideal energy carrier and storage medium and can

rightfully boast its zero carbon footprint when produced from renewable

resources.

Burnt in internal combustion engines, hydrogen can be converted into

thermal and kinetic energy. More importantly, it can also be turned directly into electricity

within fuel cells, those amazing electro-chemical devices that combine hydrogen with ambi-

ent oxygen to produce electricity through a completely noise free process which releases

no more than pure water as a combustion product. Be it with internal combustion engines

or fuel cells, hydrogen applications can cover a wide range of needs, from transportation to

stationary systems through residential usage.


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Hydrogen and fuel cells have t

transition to a low carbon energ

engine displaced coal and the

numerous primary energy sou

sustainable energy carrier. Alo

foreseen to be one of the future

United States, the European U

development of hydrogen prod

hydrogen playing a prominent

ever, such efforts have been ratechnology divide.

Towards ren

>> Introduction >>

Primary sources

Wind, sun and

biomass are some of

the renewable

primary energy

sources that could

be used in the

frame of a hydrogen

inclusive economy..


7/3814 >>

On 18th March 1974, a group of scientists and engineers, later to be known as the Hydrogen Romantics,

met at the The Hydrogen Economy Miami Energy (THEME) conference and proposed the HydrogenEconomy or Hydrogen Energy System as part of the solution addressing the interrelated global problems

of the depletion of fossil fuels and the environmental damage caused by their utilization. UNIDO, rec-

ognizing the potential of hydrogen energy to better economic and environmental conditions, proposed

the establishment of an International Centre for Hydrogen Energy Technologies and commissioned a

report on this issue to one of these Hydrogen Romantics: Prof. Nejat Veziroglu. This Centre was to pro-

mote the conversion to a hydrogen inclusive economy by encouraging, coordinating and speeding-up

hydrogen energy related activities in the developing world. Candidate sites for the location of the Centre

were evaluated on the basis that they should be situated between the developed and developing coun-

tries, be easily reachable and benet from the support of an industrial nation. The city of Istanbul in

Turkey, located between the two continents of Europe and Asia and close to a third, Africa, fullled all

these requirements. As a result of discussions and negotiations, Turkish Government agreed to spon-

sor and host this Centre and to commit $40M of initial funding. The Trust Fund Agreement establishingthe Centre was signed on 21st October 2003 by Director General of UNIDO, H. E. Carlos Magarinos,

and the Minister of Energy and Natural Resources of Turkey, Dr. M. Hilmi Guler. Ratication of the

treaty, soon followed paving the way for the centres commencement with Dr. Veziroglu as its founding

director. When ICHET started operation

on 19th May 2004, some sixteen years

of behind-the-scenes lobbying, negotia-

tion and diplomacy had nally come to

fruition. Dr. Veziroglu retired on April 31st

2007, leaving Dr. Engin Tre in charge for

an interim period. Dr. Mustafa Hatipoglu

was then appointed Managing Director

of the Centre on 1st February 2008. The

vast majority of ICHET projects have

been completed under his direction.

Economic development

Since the establishment of its full hu-

man resource and laboratory structure

in 2009, ICHET has been overtly active o

to R&D and by implementing demonstrademonstrate and promote viable hydroge

nomic development, particularly in emerg

and technology gap while skipping over t

The birth and role of ICHET

>> Introduction >>


8/38

The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources o

Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlg) is the government min

of Turkey responsible for energy and natural re

Turkey.cIts mission is to reduce Turkeys external

contribute to national welfare through efcient,

environmentally friendly use of energy and natura

Between 1990 and 2008 in Turkey, annual averag

Turkey has had the highest rate of energy dema

Similarly, since 2000, Turkey has been the seco

crease in electricity and gas demand. Projectionsthe Minister of Energy and Natural Resources Tan

rational use of natural resources, it is of great imp

and increase the efciency of the existing techno

intend to use alternative energy sources.

The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)

is a specialized agency of the United Nations headquartered in

Vienna, Austria. Its mandate is to promote and accelerate sustain-

able industrial development in developing countries and economies

in transition, and work towards improving living conditions in the

worlds poorest countries by drawing on its combined global re-

sources and expertise. In recent years, UNIDO has assumed an

enhanced role in the global development agenda by focusing its

activities on poverty reduction, inclusive globalization and environ-

mental sustainability. Energy is a prerequisite for poverty reduction.Still, fundamental changes in the way societies produce and con-

sume are indispensable for achieving global sustainable development.

UNIDO therefore promotes sustainable patterns of industrial consump-

tion and production. As a leading provider of services for improved

industrial energy efciency and sustainability, UNIDO assists

developing countries and transition economies in imple-

menting multilateral environmental agreements and

in simultaneously reaching their economic

and environmental goals.

The United Nations Industrial Development Organization The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resource

UNIDO Director General

Kandeh Yumkella.

Turkish Minister of Energy and

Natural Resources Taner Yldz.CourtesyofMENR

CourtesyofUNIDO


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Caption

headline

Torporrunt. Ducil

invero de porenis

ma voluptam aut

que nonessuntis

doluptate

nonsequidis

soluptatus, opta

dipsust, cusae

natecte sanditisit

eos vollia sam venihit

aturiscient.

Hydroleplaplaof vbutsolv

P


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A hydrogen fuel cell forklift protot

will be replicated at three sites in

H2

Ecolift

Fitted with a 2 x 4 kW

engine, the H2

Ecolift

has a lifting capacity

of up to 1500 kg.

Forklift vehicles are one of the

mainstays of modern industries

and businesses and are found

anywhere heavy items need to

be moved from one place to an-

other. Commonly, electric motors

powered by lead acid batteries

provide locomotion and lift, but al-

though lead acid batteries are well

established technologies, many

problems are still inherent in their

use.

A fully operational systemIn particular, batteries require con-

siderable times for charging before

use, are prone to voltage reduc-

Fuel cell

>> Projects >>

G. D.


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IDO

The control room,

turnstyles and voice

announcement

system of Istanbul

Sea Bus company

(IDO) headquarters

are protected by a

hydrogen fuel cell

uninterruptible

power unit.

Following the succesful installatio

ICHET is now participating in a EU

Uninterruptible power systems

(UPS) have typically relied on die-

sel generators or batteries for

backup energy storage. Recent

advances in hydrogen fuel cell

technologies, however, have pro-

vided an environmentally friendly

solution. ICHET has inaugurated

on 2nd August 2009 the installation

of such a PEM hydrogen fuel cell

based UPS system in the Yenikap

pier headquarter ofces of Istanbul

Sea Bus company (IDO), thus al-

lowing the demonstration of thistechnology to millions of commut-

ers every year.

ICHET is also project partner of the

FITUP project. Conceived within

Fuel cell

>> Projects >>

CourtesyofIDO


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Three wheeled vehicles are a very

popular mode of transport in many

Asian metropolises. By converting

them to run on hydrogen, a drastic

reduction in the levels of air pol-

lutants they cause in urban areas

can be achieved. Local produc-

tion of hydrogen from indigenous

renewable energy sources also

has the potential to reduce overall

greenhouse gas emissions as well

as lessen dependence on import-

ed fossil fuels.

To this end, the implementation

of a demonstration eet of 15

hydrogen internal combustion

engine propelled autorickshaws

was initiated in March 2009 in

India. The eet is to be used to

carry passengers and goods in

Hydrogen autorickshaws can efc

As part of its new energy policies

Hy-Alpha

prototype

Mathew Abraham,

from Mahindra &

Mahindra, posing

next to the Hy-

Alpha hydrogen

autorickshaw

prototype.

Hydroge

>> Projects >>


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The hydrogen island concept allow

within a niche market - the power

Aitutaki

Island

With their pristine

environment, islands

such as the one

of Aitutaki in the

Cook Islands are

ideal locations for

early applications of

hydrogen energy

technologies.

Within a market oriented frame-

work, production, storage and

utilization of hydrogen are inter-

dependent technologies. Indeed,

the commercialization of hydro-

gen production only makes sense

if there is a sizeable demand.

Conversely, wide scale implemen-

tation of hydrogen applications can

only be achieved if the appropriate

hydrogen supply infrastructures

are already in place. Hence, hy-

drogen technologies need to be

commercialized as a complete,comprehensive package.

With their pristine environments,

island communities offer the possi-

Hydroge

>> Projects >>


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28 >>

sources when converting gener-

ated electricity into hydrogen.

The system will be providing elec-

tricity back to the building at times

of low sunlight and wind condi-

tions through the genset and fuel

cells.

In the Cook Islands

A number of technological devel-

opment tests will be performed

both to demonstrate the practical

nature of the system and provide

training activities to engineers from

the developing world.

Proting from this experience and

with nancing from the Global

Environment Facility (GEF), ICHET

is realizing a similar project on

Aitutaki, an island of the Cook

Islands in the South Pacic. In

this case, a 200 kW photovoltaicsystem is to be connected to the

900 kW peak autonomous island

grid. To avoid possible grid in-

ICHET is realizing such a project

on Bozcaada island in the Aegean

sea. It consists of 20 kW of pho-

tovoltaic panels, a 30 kW wind

turbine, a 50 kW 10 Nm3/hour

capacity electrolyser, hydrogen

storage for 60 kg of hydrogen, a

35 kW hydrogen gen-set and a

25 kW PEM fuel cell. The com-

plete system will be installed in

the spring of 2011 in a plot at the

Governors building. Both the local

Governor and Mayor of Bozcaada

have welcomed the opportunity to

erect the system on the island.

Hydrogen will be produced from

electricity generated by the PV

panels and wind turbine. A spe-

cial electrolyser has been chosen

that can accommodate the rapid

and stochastic power changes in

electrical output typical of such

H2

system on

Bozcaada island

The renewable

hydrogen facility

installed by ICHET

on Bozcaada Island

Governorship site

consists of a

30 kW wind turbine,

a 20 kW array of

photovoltaic cells

and a 25 kW PEM

fuel cell.

>> Hydrogen islands >> >> Projects >>


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Using renewable energies in mo-

bile houses is a reality today, but

associating renewable energies

with hydrogen, and efciently us-

ing renewable energies is still much

undeveloped. In many cases, re-

newable energies can replace

those from traditional sources, but

the main constraint is how these

energies can be stored. Hydrogen

is a viable solution for storing sur-

plus energy for later use.

Based on the idea of bringing to-

gether these different concepts todevelop a self-sustainable mobile

dwelling, the Ecocaravan is a RV

type vehicle, a self-sustained liv-

ing space complete with all the

The Ecocaravan is an experiment

a comprehensive hydrogen produ

In stationary

mode

When stationary, the

Ecocaravan deploys

its wind turbine and

sun tracking PV cells

in order to recharge

its energy reserves.

The Ecocara

>> Projects >>


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32 >>

In October and November 2010, the Ecocaravan completed

a promotional tour throughout 10 cities in Turkey in order to

demonstrate its pol lution- free, renewable energy

based lifestyle. During

public meetings or in

ofcial presentations

to local decision

makers, industrialists

and investors, the pos-

sible customization and

usage types (see the fac-

ing page) were explained

and explored by a team of

ICHET engineers and scientists.

In accordance with the Centres educative mission, schools,

universities and local engineering circles where associated

with the presentation of this comprehensive hydrogen energy

demonstration platform. The tour has also been exposed

to much fruitful media coverage and has resulted

in many press articles and

television programmes cov-

ering the Ecocaravan and

ICHET.

The Ecocaravan has since

been presented in major

fairs in Istanbul and

made a special appear-

ance in Abu Dhabis World Future Energy

Summit in January 2011 after a 10 days road trip through

Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates.

>> S

The Ecocaravan on Tour

VIPs on board...

The Turkish Ministers

of Energy and Natural

Resources Taner Yldz (top

picture) and of Environment

and Forestry Veysel Eroglu

(bottom picture) have both

visited the Ecocaravan.

A comprehensive platform of hydrogen energy and renewable energy technologies, the Ecocaravan

successfully toured throughout Turkey and is now being demonstrated in fairs and exhibitions abroad.

Istanbul

Izmir

EskiehirAnkara

AdanaAntalya

Mula

Izmir

Manisa

Bursa

Kayseri


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Transport

routes

A number of

transport routes

ensuring high visibility

for the project are

currently being

studied by Istanbul

municipality.

Refuelling station

(Eyp)

Bus route

Be

EdirnekapA ooded prehistoric estuary

used as a natural harbour under

the Bizantine Empire, the Golden

Horn later became a major ship-

yard location during the Ottoman

empire. Today the Golden Horn is

once again becoming the focus of

attentions, not only because of the

countless historical sites and lei-

sure sites that surround it, but also

because it is to be the heart of a

threefold hydrogen public trans-

portation project conducted jointly

by Istanbul Municipality and theInternational Centre for Hydrogen

Energy Technologies.

The project consists of the de-

velopment of a hybrid bus, of a

passenger ship and of a hydro-

ICHET and Istanbul Municipality a

hydrogen energy public transport

Hydrogen in

>> Projects >>

Ship routes

P j tG ld H j t


18/38

A hydrogen lling station located

on the Golden Horn banks is be-

ing developed in partnership with

Istanbul Greater City Municipality.Upon completetion in May 2012,

it will be used as a production,

storage and refuelling facility with

the capability of dispensing up to

65 kg of hydrogen gas per day to

the buses and ships which are

currently being worked on as part

of the Golden Horn project.

Hydrogen Highway

The location of the lling station

is specically chosen in order to

supply both buses and ships at

a single lo-

cation. Itwill be in-

strumental in supporting

Turkeys automotive sectors

endeavours towards the develop-ment of clean energy vehicles by

providing them real life test op-

portunities for hydrogen powered

vehicles. The Golden Horn fuellingstation is planned to be the rst

step of an upcoming hydrogen

corridor.

While hydrogen systems are often

experimented in small size vehi-

cles such as cars and SUVs, there

are considerably fewer hydrogenpowered buses in operation.

The second part of the Golden

Horn project consists in the devel-

opment of a hybrid bus propelled

by a hydrogen internal combus-

tion engine and a battery pack

>> Projects >>

Istanbul tour on bA fuelling station for land and sea transportation

>> Golden Horn projects >>

G ld H j t


19/38

The Istanbul Golden Horn project

includes the development of a

hydrogen powered ship with, as

the main stakeholders, IstanbulMunicipality and its technology

development company Belbim.

Externally funded, this passenger

boat project is being realized with

the support of ICHET, which pro-

vides its technical expertise and

fuel cell testing facilities.

Propelled by an electric motor

and powered by a 48 kW fuel cell

stack, this vessel will be carry-

ing up to 50 passengers around

the Golden Horn. As is the case

with the hybrid bus project, the

operation of the ship will be the

opportunity to collect technicaldata in order to precisely assess

the benets of the system.

The hydrogen powered ship pro-

ject is also part of a larger ICHET

scheme aiming at transferring hy-

drogen related expertise to third

parties.

Start of operation by end 2011

Smaller-sized similar hydrogen fuel

cell boats are being developed in

projects ran in ve Turkish univer-

sities with support from ICHET,

which is donating the fuel cell

and necessary hydrogen related

parts. The university teams are

already beneting from ICHET

training and expertise in hy-

drogen energy systems

as well as from ICHETs

fuel cell test facilities in

order to develop theirvessels, whose op-

eration is planned

to take place in the

Golden Horn and in selected in

shore waters. The boats are

expected to be completed

and start operation by theend of 2011.

On the Golden Horn in hydrogen powered boats

38 >>

>> Golden Horn projects >>

Hybrid bus Passenger ship


20/38

The 90 kW HICE based

hybrid bus prototype

will be based on the

existing Cobra bus

model developed by

the Turkish company

Gleryz.

A hydrogen fuel cell

powered 50-passenger

vessel designed together

with Istanbul Municipal

Data Processing

Corporation is to be

launched in 2012.


21/38

Caption

headline

Torporrunt. Ducil

invero de porenis

ma voluptam aut

que nonessuntis

doluptate

nonsequidis

soluptatus, opta

dipsust, cusae

natecte sanditisiteos vollia sam venihit

aturiscient.

Whtecfull

reqat deffo

pro

Appl

>> R&D >>


22/38

A fuel cell is an electrochemi-

cal cell that converts chemical

energy from a fuel into electric

energy. Its principle was discov-

ered by German scientist Christian

Friedrich Schnbein in 1838.

Fuel cells are already used as pow-

er sources in remote locations,

such as spacecrafts (Apollo, Space

Shuttle), remote weather stations,

large parks, rural locations, and in

certain military applications. A fuel

cell system running on hydrogen

can be compact and lightweight,and has no major moving parts,

hence achieving a theoretical reli-

ability close to 100%.

Domestic fuel cell production cap

switch towards a hydrogen inclus

PEM

fuel cell

In the hydrogen

oxygen proton

exchange

membrane fuel

cell (PEMFC), a

proton-conducting

polymer

membrane,

(the electrolyte),

separates the

anode and

cathode sides.

ByNcropotameatfr.wikipedia[FA

L],fromWikimediaCommons

Fuel cell pro

>> R&D >>

H

e-

O

H+

Bipolar plate Electrode

Gas diffusion layer Membrane

2

H2

Air (O )2

>> R&D >>


23/38

Cogeneration systems are used to

An ICHET sponsored consortium i

Solid oxide

fuel cell

At the heart of

ICHETs proposed

domestic

cogeneration system

lies a solid oxide fuel

cell (SOFC), which

uses a solid oxide

electrolyte to conduct

negative oxygen ions

from the cathode to

the anode.

Thermodynamics tels us that no

machine can convert energy into

another form without large losses.

While energy is not destroyed,

most is turned into heat that per-

forms no useful work. If the heat

could perform a useful function

the efciency of a system would

be raised and reduce both energy

costs and the amounts of pollut-

ants emitted for the same power.

This is the idea behind indus-

trial scale co-generation plants

- where overall energy costs mustbe minimised. Smaller scale sys-

tems that provide electricity and

heat for domestic uses are being

T

c

w

C

c

e

o

g

A

SOFC bas

>> R&D >>

>> R&D >>


24/38

Retrotting

Difference between

a hydrogen ICE

from a traditional

gasoline engine

includes hardenedvalves, valve seats

and connecting

rods, non-platinum

tipped spark plugs,

higher voltage ignition

coil, redesigned

fuel injectors, larger

crankshaft damper,

stronger head gasket

material, modied

intake manifold,

positive pressure

supercharger, and

a high temperature

engine oil.

Since Pietro Benini realized the rst

working internal combustion en-

gine prototype in 1856 in Florence,

advancements in internal combus-

tion engines have never ended.

Internal combustion engines com-

monly used in vehicles traditionally

use fossil fuels such as gasoline or

diesel, but with new developments

in the energy eld, pure hydrogen

or hydrogen mixes have become a

potential replacements. Hythane,

a mixture of natural gas and about

20 % hydrogen is of particularimportance during the transition

from carbon to hydrogen based

economies. Considerable research

Fuel cells are not the only way to u

engines can run advantageously u

Hydrogen

>> R&D >>


25/38

As woandCe

selecut

Caption

headline

Torporrunt. Ducil

invero de porenis

ma voluptam aut

que nonessuntis

doluptate

nonsequidis

soluptatus, opta

dipsust, cusae

natecte sanditisit

eos vollia sam venihit

aturiscient.

>> Support >>


26/38

A mission

ICHETs role

is to support,

demonstrate and

promote viable

hydrogen energy

technologies with the

aims of enhancing

future economic

development.

ICHET is supporting the implemen

of selected feasibility studies, dem

The International Centre for

Hydrogen Energy Technologies

supports hydrogen energy relat-

ed initiatives. Pilot projects aiming

at demonstrating a practical im-

plementation of the hydrogen

energy system may apply for

funding if they fulll the Centres

criteria.

ICHET can provide the follow-

ing types of support for studies,

technology development and pi-

lot projects:

Pre-feasibility studies

ICHET can support 10 studies

per year with 100% funding up to

ICHET as

>> Support >>

>> Support >>


27/38

Hannover

Messe

ICHET is a regular

participant of the

Hannover Messe

Fuel Cell and

Hydrogen exhibit.

In 2009, ICHET

presented the

Ecocart as part of

its dissemination

activities.

Adoption of a new technology can

proceed effectively only when all

sections of a community not only

accept but also embrace it. Training

decision makers and educating the

rising generation is a prerequisite

for the long-term success of hy-

drogen energy technologies. Since

the inception of the Centre, over

80 university students have been

working in ICHET as Erasmus in-

terns or part-time employees,

undergoing training in ICHET lab-

oratories and contributing to thedissemination of hydrogen energy

knowledge in the events organized

or attended by the Centre.

The organization of training cours

demonstrations is a prerequisite f

Training a

>> Support >>

G. D.

>> Support >>


28/38

Membrane

testing

Optical contact

angle and surface

tension meter is a

valuable tool for the

characterization of

fuel cell membrane

properties.

ICHET is providing state-of-the-arcentres and universities worldwid

UNIDO-ICHET laboratories offer

a series of state-of-the-art equip-

ments enabling engineers and

scientists to work on cutting edge

hydrogen and fuel cell research.

This research environment com-

prises of fuel cell testing, analytical

measurements, system integration

and modelling activities. It is open

to use for universities, companies

and research institutes worldwide.

Fuel cell testing capabilities are

centred on a comprehensive set of

test stations ranging from 100 Wto 12 kW. Electrochemical aspects

of the fuel cells are investigated

through a comprehensive range of

State of th

>> Support >>

G. D.

G. D.

>> Spotlight on: Lab equipments?

>>


29/38

C


30/38

Caption

headline

Torporrunt. Ducil

invero de porenis

ma voluptam aut

que nonessuntis

doluptate

nonsequidis

soluptatus, opta

dipsust, cusae

natecte sanditisit

eos vollia sam venihitaturiscient.

Co

info

>> Corporate informati


31/38

In front of

the Ecocaravan

The Ecocaravan

project would never

have enjoyed its

success without the

dedicated work of

ICHET engineers,

executives and

support staff.

Following signing of the treaty betw

Government and UNIDO establis

October 2003, operations commenc

with the Director Dr Nejat Veziroglu

staff. The rst priority was to estab

principles of the centre and initiate f

studies.

Throughout 2005 staff nu mbers rapi

Directors for Projects and Research a

along with associated project engine

staff were hired from both Turkey and

By the end of 2005 some 17 full time

ployed at this time with 22 being e

employed in feasibility studies or st

various reasons. This trend was to

present with the full time contingent ri

end of 2010.

Behind the demonstrations projecadministrative and executive staff

H



32/38

64 >>

ICHET

Following the initial $ 40 M funding com

Turkish Government, the number of

taken by the centre has changed con

early years, very little project investme

activity was centred around managing

ternational feasibility studies, training

activities. Laboratory investment beg

commitments totaling some $ 700,00

and infrastructure. By 2007, plans fo

ment were taking shape and following

new Managing Director, Dr. Mustafa

off in 2008. Total project investments i

2008 to the end of 2010 totaled more

the end of 2010, ICHET had managed

external project funding with some

awarded for project activities involvin

Union, the Global Environment Facil

Laboratory investment began in 200

infrastructure. Total project investm

Salaries

ProjectInvestments

Buildings

Trainings/Meetings

Travels

Administration

5.9 %

5.8 %6 %

4.5 %

2.7 %2.6 %

3.4 %

0.4 %0.2 %

1.2 %

0.1 %1.1 %

47.1 %

Year 2008

Year 2009 Year 2010

59.5 %41.7 %

37.9 %

31.4 %48.4 %

Budget breakdown per year



33/38

66 >>

ICHET is a project of the United

Nations Industrial Development

Organization founded in Istanbul

in 2004 and supported by the

Turkish Ministry of Energy and

Natural Resources.

In 2007, ICHET and the

Organization of the Black Sea

Economical Cooperation (BSEC)

agreed to collaborate by provid-

ing funds for preliminary studies

for hydrogen energy demonstra-

tion projects. This initiative has

since been followed by targeted

workshops in 2010. Starting their

relationship with an International

Summer School organized in

Through its demonstration projec

Energy Technologies has linked w

An ex


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>> Closing words >>


35/38

The hyThe World is facing an imminen

based on the utilization of fossil

present state of knowledge and

sources have the potential to sa

storage medium and as a majo

such an energy system. Indeed

and transportation needs on the

tem based on renewable energ

of technologies and processes

fuel cell concepts and other end

development and surrounded w

strategies for hydrogen and fue

uncertainties, the peculiarities of

not least the impact that energy

>> Closing words >>


36/38

72 >>

The sheer scale of the transitio

tity for the completion of this t

the legitimacy of the UN is an i

decade. The recently constitute

inuence global energy develop

ment, resources, and poverty,

future and a strategy and imple

Created 7 years ago by UNID

widespread use of hydrogen e

activities presented in this book

ogies through UN channels. Pro

stakeholders and institutions, it

its place in the UN energy visio

Using hydrogen as an energy carrier requires key technology breakthroughs and decisive

cost reduction in all domains of the energy chain (production, distribution, storage and use).

Concerted government policies, international co-operation and public R&D investment are

indispensable for catalyzing larger private investment, achieving commercial maturity, build-

ing infrastructure and public awareness, and fostering the penetration of hydrogen and fuel

cells into a highly competitive marketplace.

Transition to a sustainable, hydrogen inclusive energy system requires a clear vision and a

decisive strategy. Such a transition, which has already begun, will take decades to complete

and therefore requires strong, long-haul commitment. It should not be distracted or con-

fused with short term measures and its progress should not be judged by short term market

successes. This transition will undoubtedly cause global economic and social changes, and

therefore needs to be understood and supported at all levels, from local communities to in-

ternational business and governments. Ideally, it should be based on a global consensus and

coordinated at a global level.


37/38

We owe the cominto a clean and susDr. Mustafa Hatipoglu

ICHET Managing Director

>> Acknowledgments >


38/38

Concept design

Contributions from Greg

Editing: Gr

The

Wikipedia: the free onl

Adrien Pillebo

Gkhan Demiray from the

N

ICHET 7 Years

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