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Transcript of ICHET 7 Years
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7/29/2019 ICHET 7 Years
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H
e-
O
H+
Bipolar plate Electrode
Gas diffusio n la yer Me mbrane
2
H2
Air (O)2
INTERNATIONAL CENTRE
FOR HYDROGEN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIESA project of the United Nations Industrial Development Organizationsupported by the Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources
UNIDO-ICHET
Sabri lker Sk. 38/4, Cevizlibag, Zeytinburnu, 34015 Istanbul, Turkey. Tel. +90 212 416 48 48. Fax. +90 212 416 89 47
www.unido-ichet.org
ICHET
-
Hydrogene
nergyinaction
(2nd
edition)
INTERNATIONAL CENTRE
FOR HYDROGEN ENERGY TEC
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UNIDO-ICHET, June 2011. Second edition.
7 years o
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>> Contents >>
Foreword: Shaping a vision .................
Towards renewable hydrogen ................
The birth and role of ICHET ...................
Spotlight on: ICHET donors ...............
Projects ...............................................
Fuel cell powered forklifts ............
Fuel cell UPS installations ............
Hydrogen three wheeled vehicles .
Hydrogen island projects .............
The Ecocaravan ..........................
Spotlight on: the Ecocaravan T
The Golden Horn hydrogen ecosy
The fuelling station .............
The hybrid bus ...................
Hydrogen boats ..................
Applied R&D ........................................
Fuel cell production in Turkey .......
SOFC based cogeneration ..........
Hythane and hydrogen engine pro
Support ................................................
Funding .......................................
Training and dissemination ..........
Laboratories .................................
Spotlight on: ICHET laboratories ......
Corporate information .......................
Human resources ........................
Budget evolution .........................
Partnerships .................................
Closing words: The hydrogen challenge
Acknowledgement .................................
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Our ecosystem willthe human speciesof fossil fuel sourceDr. Mustafa Hatipoglu
ICHET Managing Director
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>> Foreword >>
10 >>
Shaping a visionThe International Centre for H
United Nations Industrial Deve
and supported by the Turkish M
our engineers and scientists he
projects with universities, R&D
with special emphasis on the la
hydrogen technology products
7 years of operation on the hyd
back at our achievements in or
tion of corporate statistics, dem
coherent vision supplemented
the rst stages of a hydrogen in
Because our ecosystem will no longer be able to nurture the human spe-
cies if the exploitation and consumption of fossil fuel sources continues
at its current rate, the gradual switch to clean energy resources has be-
come a necessity. With an energy yield per weight unit tr iple that of fossil
fuels, hydrogen is the ideal energy carrier and storage medium and can
rightfully boast its zero carbon footprint when produced from renewable
resources.
Burnt in internal combustion engines, hydrogen can be converted into
thermal and kinetic energy. More importantly, it can also be turned directly into electricity
within fuel cells, those amazing electro-chemical devices that combine hydrogen with ambi-
ent oxygen to produce electricity through a completely noise free process which releases
no more than pure water as a combustion product. Be it with internal combustion engines
or fuel cells, hydrogen applications can cover a wide range of needs, from transportation to
stationary systems through residential usage.
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Hydrogen and fuel cells have t
transition to a low carbon energ
engine displaced coal and the
numerous primary energy sou
sustainable energy carrier. Alo
foreseen to be one of the future
United States, the European U
development of hydrogen prod
hydrogen playing a prominent
ever, such efforts have been ratechnology divide.
Towards ren
>> Introduction >>
Primary sources
Wind, sun and
biomass are some of
the renewable
primary energy
sources that could
be used in the
frame of a hydrogen
inclusive economy..
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On 18th March 1974, a group of scientists and engineers, later to be known as the Hydrogen Romantics,
met at the The Hydrogen Economy Miami Energy (THEME) conference and proposed the HydrogenEconomy or Hydrogen Energy System as part of the solution addressing the interrelated global problems
of the depletion of fossil fuels and the environmental damage caused by their utilization. UNIDO, rec-
ognizing the potential of hydrogen energy to better economic and environmental conditions, proposed
the establishment of an International Centre for Hydrogen Energy Technologies and commissioned a
report on this issue to one of these Hydrogen Romantics: Prof. Nejat Veziroglu. This Centre was to pro-
mote the conversion to a hydrogen inclusive economy by encouraging, coordinating and speeding-up
hydrogen energy related activities in the developing world. Candidate sites for the location of the Centre
were evaluated on the basis that they should be situated between the developed and developing coun-
tries, be easily reachable and benet from the support of an industrial nation. The city of Istanbul in
Turkey, located between the two continents of Europe and Asia and close to a third, Africa, fullled all
these requirements. As a result of discussions and negotiations, Turkish Government agreed to spon-
sor and host this Centre and to commit $40M of initial funding. The Trust Fund Agreement establishingthe Centre was signed on 21st October 2003 by Director General of UNIDO, H. E. Carlos Magarinos,
and the Minister of Energy and Natural Resources of Turkey, Dr. M. Hilmi Guler. Ratication of the
treaty, soon followed paving the way for the centres commencement with Dr. Veziroglu as its founding
director. When ICHET started operation
on 19th May 2004, some sixteen years
of behind-the-scenes lobbying, negotia-
tion and diplomacy had nally come to
fruition. Dr. Veziroglu retired on April 31st
2007, leaving Dr. Engin Tre in charge for
an interim period. Dr. Mustafa Hatipoglu
was then appointed Managing Director
of the Centre on 1st February 2008. The
vast majority of ICHET projects have
been completed under his direction.
Economic development
Since the establishment of its full hu-
man resource and laboratory structure
in 2009, ICHET has been overtly active o
to R&D and by implementing demonstrademonstrate and promote viable hydroge
nomic development, particularly in emerg
and technology gap while skipping over t
The birth and role of ICHET
>> Introduction >>
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The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources o
Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlg) is the government min
of Turkey responsible for energy and natural re
Turkey.cIts mission is to reduce Turkeys external
contribute to national welfare through efcient,
environmentally friendly use of energy and natura
Between 1990 and 2008 in Turkey, annual averag
Turkey has had the highest rate of energy dema
Similarly, since 2000, Turkey has been the seco
crease in electricity and gas demand. Projectionsthe Minister of Energy and Natural Resources Tan
rational use of natural resources, it is of great imp
and increase the efciency of the existing techno
intend to use alternative energy sources.
The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
is a specialized agency of the United Nations headquartered in
Vienna, Austria. Its mandate is to promote and accelerate sustain-
able industrial development in developing countries and economies
in transition, and work towards improving living conditions in the
worlds poorest countries by drawing on its combined global re-
sources and expertise. In recent years, UNIDO has assumed an
enhanced role in the global development agenda by focusing its
activities on poverty reduction, inclusive globalization and environ-
mental sustainability. Energy is a prerequisite for poverty reduction.Still, fundamental changes in the way societies produce and con-
sume are indispensable for achieving global sustainable development.
UNIDO therefore promotes sustainable patterns of industrial consump-
tion and production. As a leading provider of services for improved
industrial energy efciency and sustainability, UNIDO assists
developing countries and transition economies in imple-
menting multilateral environmental agreements and
in simultaneously reaching their economic
and environmental goals.
The United Nations Industrial Development Organization The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resource
UNIDO Director General
Kandeh Yumkella.
Turkish Minister of Energy and
Natural Resources Taner Yldz.CourtesyofMENR
CourtesyofUNIDO
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Caption
headline
Torporrunt. Ducil
invero de porenis
ma voluptam aut
que nonessuntis
doluptate
nonsequidis
soluptatus, opta
dipsust, cusae
natecte sanditisit
eos vollia sam venihit
aturiscient.
Hydroleplaplaof vbutsolv
P
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A hydrogen fuel cell forklift protot
will be replicated at three sites in
H2
Ecolift
Fitted with a 2 x 4 kW
engine, the H2
Ecolift
has a lifting capacity
of up to 1500 kg.
Forklift vehicles are one of the
mainstays of modern industries
and businesses and are found
anywhere heavy items need to
be moved from one place to an-
other. Commonly, electric motors
powered by lead acid batteries
provide locomotion and lift, but al-
though lead acid batteries are well
established technologies, many
problems are still inherent in their
use.
A fully operational systemIn particular, batteries require con-
siderable times for charging before
use, are prone to voltage reduc-
Fuel cell
>> Projects >>
G. D.
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IDO
The control room,
turnstyles and voice
announcement
system of Istanbul
Sea Bus company
(IDO) headquarters
are protected by a
hydrogen fuel cell
uninterruptible
power unit.
Following the succesful installatio
ICHET is now participating in a EU
Uninterruptible power systems
(UPS) have typically relied on die-
sel generators or batteries for
backup energy storage. Recent
advances in hydrogen fuel cell
technologies, however, have pro-
vided an environmentally friendly
solution. ICHET has inaugurated
on 2nd August 2009 the installation
of such a PEM hydrogen fuel cell
based UPS system in the Yenikap
pier headquarter ofces of Istanbul
Sea Bus company (IDO), thus al-
lowing the demonstration of thistechnology to millions of commut-
ers every year.
ICHET is also project partner of the
FITUP project. Conceived within
Fuel cell
>> Projects >>
CourtesyofIDO
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Three wheeled vehicles are a very
popular mode of transport in many
Asian metropolises. By converting
them to run on hydrogen, a drastic
reduction in the levels of air pol-
lutants they cause in urban areas
can be achieved. Local produc-
tion of hydrogen from indigenous
renewable energy sources also
has the potential to reduce overall
greenhouse gas emissions as well
as lessen dependence on import-
ed fossil fuels.
To this end, the implementation
of a demonstration eet of 15
hydrogen internal combustion
engine propelled autorickshaws
was initiated in March 2009 in
India. The eet is to be used to
carry passengers and goods in
Hydrogen autorickshaws can efc
As part of its new energy policies
Hy-Alpha
prototype
Mathew Abraham,
from Mahindra &
Mahindra, posing
next to the Hy-
Alpha hydrogen
autorickshaw
prototype.
Hydroge
>> Projects >>
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The hydrogen island concept allow
within a niche market - the power
Aitutaki
Island
With their pristine
environment, islands
such as the one
of Aitutaki in the
Cook Islands are
ideal locations for
early applications of
hydrogen energy
technologies.
Within a market oriented frame-
work, production, storage and
utilization of hydrogen are inter-
dependent technologies. Indeed,
the commercialization of hydro-
gen production only makes sense
if there is a sizeable demand.
Conversely, wide scale implemen-
tation of hydrogen applications can
only be achieved if the appropriate
hydrogen supply infrastructures
are already in place. Hence, hy-
drogen technologies need to be
commercialized as a complete,comprehensive package.
With their pristine environments,
island communities offer the possi-
Hydroge
>> Projects >>
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28 >>
sources when converting gener-
ated electricity into hydrogen.
The system will be providing elec-
tricity back to the building at times
of low sunlight and wind condi-
tions through the genset and fuel
cells.
In the Cook Islands
A number of technological devel-
opment tests will be performed
both to demonstrate the practical
nature of the system and provide
training activities to engineers from
the developing world.
Proting from this experience and
with nancing from the Global
Environment Facility (GEF), ICHET
is realizing a similar project on
Aitutaki, an island of the Cook
Islands in the South Pacic. In
this case, a 200 kW photovoltaicsystem is to be connected to the
900 kW peak autonomous island
grid. To avoid possible grid in-
ICHET is realizing such a project
on Bozcaada island in the Aegean
sea. It consists of 20 kW of pho-
tovoltaic panels, a 30 kW wind
turbine, a 50 kW 10 Nm3/hour
capacity electrolyser, hydrogen
storage for 60 kg of hydrogen, a
35 kW hydrogen gen-set and a
25 kW PEM fuel cell. The com-
plete system will be installed in
the spring of 2011 in a plot at the
Governors building. Both the local
Governor and Mayor of Bozcaada
have welcomed the opportunity to
erect the system on the island.
Hydrogen will be produced from
electricity generated by the PV
panels and wind turbine. A spe-
cial electrolyser has been chosen
that can accommodate the rapid
and stochastic power changes in
electrical output typical of such
H2
system on
Bozcaada island
The renewable
hydrogen facility
installed by ICHET
on Bozcaada Island
Governorship site
consists of a
30 kW wind turbine,
a 20 kW array of
photovoltaic cells
and a 25 kW PEM
fuel cell.
>> Hydrogen islands >> >> Projects >>
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Using renewable energies in mo-
bile houses is a reality today, but
associating renewable energies
with hydrogen, and efciently us-
ing renewable energies is still much
undeveloped. In many cases, re-
newable energies can replace
those from traditional sources, but
the main constraint is how these
energies can be stored. Hydrogen
is a viable solution for storing sur-
plus energy for later use.
Based on the idea of bringing to-
gether these different concepts todevelop a self-sustainable mobile
dwelling, the Ecocaravan is a RV
type vehicle, a self-sustained liv-
ing space complete with all the
The Ecocaravan is an experiment
a comprehensive hydrogen produ
In stationary
mode
When stationary, the
Ecocaravan deploys
its wind turbine and
sun tracking PV cells
in order to recharge
its energy reserves.
The Ecocara
>> Projects >>
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32 >>
In October and November 2010, the Ecocaravan completed
a promotional tour throughout 10 cities in Turkey in order to
demonstrate its pol lution- free, renewable energy
based lifestyle. During
public meetings or in
ofcial presentations
to local decision
makers, industrialists
and investors, the pos-
sible customization and
usage types (see the fac-
ing page) were explained
and explored by a team of
ICHET engineers and scientists.
In accordance with the Centres educative mission, schools,
universities and local engineering circles where associated
with the presentation of this comprehensive hydrogen energy
demonstration platform. The tour has also been exposed
to much fruitful media coverage and has resulted
in many press articles and
television programmes cov-
ering the Ecocaravan and
ICHET.
The Ecocaravan has since
been presented in major
fairs in Istanbul and
made a special appear-
ance in Abu Dhabis World Future Energy
Summit in January 2011 after a 10 days road trip through
Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates.
>> S
The Ecocaravan on Tour
VIPs on board...
The Turkish Ministers
of Energy and Natural
Resources Taner Yldz (top
picture) and of Environment
and Forestry Veysel Eroglu
(bottom picture) have both
visited the Ecocaravan.
A comprehensive platform of hydrogen energy and renewable energy technologies, the Ecocaravan
successfully toured throughout Turkey and is now being demonstrated in fairs and exhibitions abroad.
Istanbul
Izmir
EskiehirAnkara
AdanaAntalya
Mula
Izmir
Manisa
Bursa
Kayseri
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Transport
routes
A number of
transport routes
ensuring high visibility
for the project are
currently being
studied by Istanbul
municipality.
Refuelling station
(Eyp)
Bus route
Be
EdirnekapA ooded prehistoric estuary
used as a natural harbour under
the Bizantine Empire, the Golden
Horn later became a major ship-
yard location during the Ottoman
empire. Today the Golden Horn is
once again becoming the focus of
attentions, not only because of the
countless historical sites and lei-
sure sites that surround it, but also
because it is to be the heart of a
threefold hydrogen public trans-
portation project conducted jointly
by Istanbul Municipality and theInternational Centre for Hydrogen
Energy Technologies.
The project consists of the de-
velopment of a hybrid bus, of a
passenger ship and of a hydro-
ICHET and Istanbul Municipality a
hydrogen energy public transport
Hydrogen in
>> Projects >>
Ship routes
P j tG ld H j t
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A hydrogen lling station located
on the Golden Horn banks is be-
ing developed in partnership with
Istanbul Greater City Municipality.Upon completetion in May 2012,
it will be used as a production,
storage and refuelling facility with
the capability of dispensing up to
65 kg of hydrogen gas per day to
the buses and ships which are
currently being worked on as part
of the Golden Horn project.
Hydrogen Highway
The location of the lling station
is specically chosen in order to
supply both buses and ships at
a single lo-
cation. Itwill be in-
strumental in supporting
Turkeys automotive sectors
endeavours towards the develop-ment of clean energy vehicles by
providing them real life test op-
portunities for hydrogen powered
vehicles. The Golden Horn fuellingstation is planned to be the rst
step of an upcoming hydrogen
corridor.
While hydrogen systems are often
experimented in small size vehi-
cles such as cars and SUVs, there
are considerably fewer hydrogenpowered buses in operation.
The second part of the Golden
Horn project consists in the devel-
opment of a hybrid bus propelled
by a hydrogen internal combus-
tion engine and a battery pack
>> Projects >>
Istanbul tour on bA fuelling station for land and sea transportation
>> Golden Horn projects >>
G ld H j t
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The Istanbul Golden Horn project
includes the development of a
hydrogen powered ship with, as
the main stakeholders, IstanbulMunicipality and its technology
development company Belbim.
Externally funded, this passenger
boat project is being realized with
the support of ICHET, which pro-
vides its technical expertise and
fuel cell testing facilities.
Propelled by an electric motor
and powered by a 48 kW fuel cell
stack, this vessel will be carry-
ing up to 50 passengers around
the Golden Horn. As is the case
with the hybrid bus project, the
operation of the ship will be the
opportunity to collect technicaldata in order to precisely assess
the benets of the system.
The hydrogen powered ship pro-
ject is also part of a larger ICHET
scheme aiming at transferring hy-
drogen related expertise to third
parties.
Start of operation by end 2011
Smaller-sized similar hydrogen fuel
cell boats are being developed in
projects ran in ve Turkish univer-
sities with support from ICHET,
which is donating the fuel cell
and necessary hydrogen related
parts. The university teams are
already beneting from ICHET
training and expertise in hy-
drogen energy systems
as well as from ICHETs
fuel cell test facilities in
order to develop theirvessels, whose op-
eration is planned
to take place in the
Golden Horn and in selected in
shore waters. The boats are
expected to be completed
and start operation by theend of 2011.
On the Golden Horn in hydrogen powered boats
38 >>
>> Golden Horn projects >>
Hybrid bus Passenger ship
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The 90 kW HICE based
hybrid bus prototype
will be based on the
existing Cobra bus
model developed by
the Turkish company
Gleryz.
A hydrogen fuel cell
powered 50-passenger
vessel designed together
with Istanbul Municipal
Data Processing
Corporation is to be
launched in 2012.
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Caption
headline
Torporrunt. Ducil
invero de porenis
ma voluptam aut
que nonessuntis
doluptate
nonsequidis
soluptatus, opta
dipsust, cusae
natecte sanditisiteos vollia sam venihit
aturiscient.
Whtecfull
reqat deffo
pro
Appl
>> R&D >>
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A fuel cell is an electrochemi-
cal cell that converts chemical
energy from a fuel into electric
energy. Its principle was discov-
ered by German scientist Christian
Friedrich Schnbein in 1838.
Fuel cells are already used as pow-
er sources in remote locations,
such as spacecrafts (Apollo, Space
Shuttle), remote weather stations,
large parks, rural locations, and in
certain military applications. A fuel
cell system running on hydrogen
can be compact and lightweight,and has no major moving parts,
hence achieving a theoretical reli-
ability close to 100%.
Domestic fuel cell production cap
switch towards a hydrogen inclus
PEM
fuel cell
In the hydrogen
oxygen proton
exchange
membrane fuel
cell (PEMFC), a
proton-conducting
polymer
membrane,
(the electrolyte),
separates the
anode and
cathode sides.
ByNcropotameatfr.wikipedia[FA
L],fromWikimediaCommons
Fuel cell pro
>> R&D >>
H
e-
O
H+
Bipolar plate Electrode
Gas diffusion layer Membrane
2
H2
Air (O )2
>> R&D >>
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Cogeneration systems are used to
An ICHET sponsored consortium i
Solid oxide
fuel cell
At the heart of
ICHETs proposed
domestic
cogeneration system
lies a solid oxide fuel
cell (SOFC), which
uses a solid oxide
electrolyte to conduct
negative oxygen ions
from the cathode to
the anode.
Thermodynamics tels us that no
machine can convert energy into
another form without large losses.
While energy is not destroyed,
most is turned into heat that per-
forms no useful work. If the heat
could perform a useful function
the efciency of a system would
be raised and reduce both energy
costs and the amounts of pollut-
ants emitted for the same power.
This is the idea behind indus-
trial scale co-generation plants
- where overall energy costs mustbe minimised. Smaller scale sys-
tems that provide electricity and
heat for domestic uses are being
T
c
w
C
c
e
o
g
A
SOFC bas
>> R&D >>
>> R&D >>
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Retrotting
Difference between
a hydrogen ICE
from a traditional
gasoline engine
includes hardenedvalves, valve seats
and connecting
rods, non-platinum
tipped spark plugs,
higher voltage ignition
coil, redesigned
fuel injectors, larger
crankshaft damper,
stronger head gasket
material, modied
intake manifold,
positive pressure
supercharger, and
a high temperature
engine oil.
Since Pietro Benini realized the rst
working internal combustion en-
gine prototype in 1856 in Florence,
advancements in internal combus-
tion engines have never ended.
Internal combustion engines com-
monly used in vehicles traditionally
use fossil fuels such as gasoline or
diesel, but with new developments
in the energy eld, pure hydrogen
or hydrogen mixes have become a
potential replacements. Hythane,
a mixture of natural gas and about
20 % hydrogen is of particularimportance during the transition
from carbon to hydrogen based
economies. Considerable research
Fuel cells are not the only way to u
engines can run advantageously u
Hydrogen
>> R&D >>
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As woandCe
selecut
Caption
headline
Torporrunt. Ducil
invero de porenis
ma voluptam aut
que nonessuntis
doluptate
nonsequidis
soluptatus, opta
dipsust, cusae
natecte sanditisit
eos vollia sam venihit
aturiscient.
>> Support >>
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A mission
ICHETs role
is to support,
demonstrate and
promote viable
hydrogen energy
technologies with the
aims of enhancing
future economic
development.
ICHET is supporting the implemen
of selected feasibility studies, dem
The International Centre for
Hydrogen Energy Technologies
supports hydrogen energy relat-
ed initiatives. Pilot projects aiming
at demonstrating a practical im-
plementation of the hydrogen
energy system may apply for
funding if they fulll the Centres
criteria.
ICHET can provide the follow-
ing types of support for studies,
technology development and pi-
lot projects:
Pre-feasibility studies
ICHET can support 10 studies
per year with 100% funding up to
ICHET as
>> Support >>
>> Support >>
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Hannover
Messe
ICHET is a regular
participant of the
Hannover Messe
Fuel Cell and
Hydrogen exhibit.
In 2009, ICHET
presented the
Ecocart as part of
its dissemination
activities.
Adoption of a new technology can
proceed effectively only when all
sections of a community not only
accept but also embrace it. Training
decision makers and educating the
rising generation is a prerequisite
for the long-term success of hy-
drogen energy technologies. Since
the inception of the Centre, over
80 university students have been
working in ICHET as Erasmus in-
terns or part-time employees,
undergoing training in ICHET lab-
oratories and contributing to thedissemination of hydrogen energy
knowledge in the events organized
or attended by the Centre.
The organization of training cours
demonstrations is a prerequisite f
Training a
>> Support >>
G. D.
>> Support >>
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Membrane
testing
Optical contact
angle and surface
tension meter is a
valuable tool for the
characterization of
fuel cell membrane
properties.
ICHET is providing state-of-the-arcentres and universities worldwid
UNIDO-ICHET laboratories offer
a series of state-of-the-art equip-
ments enabling engineers and
scientists to work on cutting edge
hydrogen and fuel cell research.
This research environment com-
prises of fuel cell testing, analytical
measurements, system integration
and modelling activities. It is open
to use for universities, companies
and research institutes worldwide.
Fuel cell testing capabilities are
centred on a comprehensive set of
test stations ranging from 100 Wto 12 kW. Electrochemical aspects
of the fuel cells are investigated
through a comprehensive range of
State of th
>> Support >>
G. D.
G. D.
>> Spotlight on: Lab equipments?
>>
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C
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Caption
headline
Torporrunt. Ducil
invero de porenis
ma voluptam aut
que nonessuntis
doluptate
nonsequidis
soluptatus, opta
dipsust, cusae
natecte sanditisit
eos vollia sam venihitaturiscient.
Co
info
>> Corporate informati
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In front of
the Ecocaravan
The Ecocaravan
project would never
have enjoyed its
success without the
dedicated work of
ICHET engineers,
executives and
support staff.
Following signing of the treaty betw
Government and UNIDO establis
October 2003, operations commenc
with the Director Dr Nejat Veziroglu
staff. The rst priority was to estab
principles of the centre and initiate f
studies.
Throughout 2005 staff nu mbers rapi
Directors for Projects and Research a
along with associated project engine
staff were hired from both Turkey and
By the end of 2005 some 17 full time
ployed at this time with 22 being e
employed in feasibility studies or st
various reasons. This trend was to
present with the full time contingent ri
end of 2010.
Behind the demonstrations projecadministrative and executive staff
H
>> Corporate informati
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64 >>
ICHET
Following the initial $ 40 M funding com
Turkish Government, the number of
taken by the centre has changed con
early years, very little project investme
activity was centred around managing
ternational feasibility studies, training
activities. Laboratory investment beg
commitments totaling some $ 700,00
and infrastructure. By 2007, plans fo
ment were taking shape and following
new Managing Director, Dr. Mustafa
off in 2008. Total project investments i
2008 to the end of 2010 totaled more
the end of 2010, ICHET had managed
external project funding with some
awarded for project activities involvin
Union, the Global Environment Facil
Laboratory investment began in 200
infrastructure. Total project investm
Salaries
ProjectInvestments
Buildings
Trainings/Meetings
Travels
Administration
5.9 %
5.8 %6 %
4.5 %
2.7 %2.6 %
3.4 %
0.4 %0.2 %
1.2 %
0.1 %1.1 %
47.1 %
Year 2008
Year 2009 Year 2010
59.5 %41.7 %
37.9 %
31.4 %48.4 %
Budget breakdown per year
>> Corporate informati
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66 >>
ICHET is a project of the United
Nations Industrial Development
Organization founded in Istanbul
in 2004 and supported by the
Turkish Ministry of Energy and
Natural Resources.
In 2007, ICHET and the
Organization of the Black Sea
Economical Cooperation (BSEC)
agreed to collaborate by provid-
ing funds for preliminary studies
for hydrogen energy demonstra-
tion projects. This initiative has
since been followed by targeted
workshops in 2010. Starting their
relationship with an International
Summer School organized in
Through its demonstration projec
Energy Technologies has linked w
An ex
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>> Closing words >>
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The hyThe World is facing an imminen
based on the utilization of fossil
present state of knowledge and
sources have the potential to sa
storage medium and as a majo
such an energy system. Indeed
and transportation needs on the
tem based on renewable energ
of technologies and processes
fuel cell concepts and other end
development and surrounded w
strategies for hydrogen and fue
uncertainties, the peculiarities of
not least the impact that energy
>> Closing words >>
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72 >>
The sheer scale of the transitio
tity for the completion of this t
the legitimacy of the UN is an i
decade. The recently constitute
inuence global energy develop
ment, resources, and poverty,
future and a strategy and imple
Created 7 years ago by UNID
widespread use of hydrogen e
activities presented in this book
ogies through UN channels. Pro
stakeholders and institutions, it
its place in the UN energy visio
Using hydrogen as an energy carrier requires key technology breakthroughs and decisive
cost reduction in all domains of the energy chain (production, distribution, storage and use).
Concerted government policies, international co-operation and public R&D investment are
indispensable for catalyzing larger private investment, achieving commercial maturity, build-
ing infrastructure and public awareness, and fostering the penetration of hydrogen and fuel
cells into a highly competitive marketplace.
Transition to a sustainable, hydrogen inclusive energy system requires a clear vision and a
decisive strategy. Such a transition, which has already begun, will take decades to complete
and therefore requires strong, long-haul commitment. It should not be distracted or con-
fused with short term measures and its progress should not be judged by short term market
successes. This transition will undoubtedly cause global economic and social changes, and
therefore needs to be understood and supported at all levels, from local communities to in-
ternational business and governments. Ideally, it should be based on a global consensus and
coordinated at a global level.
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We owe the cominto a clean and susDr. Mustafa Hatipoglu
ICHET Managing Director
>> Acknowledgments >
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Concept design
Contributions from Greg
Editing: Gr
The
Wikipedia: the free onl
Adrien Pillebo
Gkhan Demiray from the
N