“SPECTRUM OF DISEASE” & Iceberg Phenomenon

BYDR: NAJEEB MEMON

ASSIST: PROF:Faculty of Community Medicine & Public Health

Sciences (FCM & PHS) Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences

(LUMHS) Jamshoro, Sind, Pakistan

e mail mnajeeb80@gmail.com

“SPECTRUM OF DISEASE”

SPECTRUM OF DISEASE

Graphic representation of variation

in manifestation of Disease

Like Spectrum of Light

Where one Colors is merged in to others

&We can not differentiate one color

from others

SPECTRUM OF DISEASE (SoD) For every Disease (Except Rabies)

Subclinical&

In apparent Infections

Fatal IllnessIllnessMild Severe

It is Simply reflection of individual’s state of immunity & receptivity

E.g:-- Leprosy

In Infectious Disease: SoD referred as a “Gradient of Infection”

Iceberg of Disease

Peace of Ice in water

SPECTRUM OF DISEASE

is related to

Iceberg of Disease

Subclinical&

In apparent Infections

Illness

Mild Severe

Fatal Illness

Subclinical Infection (Illness)

Peace of Ice floats on water

Most of portion remain under

water

What a physician sees in community Clinical cases

Water line / Demarcation

Submerged huge portion is Hidden mass of disease (Latent, In apparent, Presymptomatic,

undiagnosed cases & carriers) in the community.

E.g:- Diabetes/ Hypertension /Anemia / AIDS/ Hepatitis B & C, Mental illness

Ice berg (IB) give better concept of Disease Prevalence in SocietyHidden portion of (IB) is a challenge to Modern techniques in preventive medicine.

04/10/23 10

THANK YOU!