Ice Streams & Invertebrates Matthew McClure Winter Ecology, Mountain Research Station; 2008.
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Transcript of Ice Streams & Invertebrates Matthew McClure Winter Ecology, Mountain Research Station; 2008.
![Page 1: Ice Streams & Invertebrates Matthew McClure Winter Ecology, Mountain Research Station; 2008.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032702/56649cdb5503460f949a4f3e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ice Streams & Invertebrates
Matthew McClure
Winter Ecology, Mountain Research Station; 2008
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Questions
• Is there invertebrate activity in winter streams?
• If so, how active are the invertebrates?
• What importance do invertebrates serve during the winter?
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3 types of Invertebrates
• Macro invertebrates
• Mesofauna
• Micro invertebrates
– Nematodes, Small Arthropods, Springtails, Rotifers, Snails, Fly larvae
etc.
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Ice Streams
• Flowing >0 C°
• Frozen < 0 C°
• Ice Anchors
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Ice Stream Profile
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Is there invertebrate activity in a winter stream?
• YES!
• How we know this– Fecal Matter (Shepard, Minshall; 1984)– Visual Observations
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Winter Adaptations for Winter Stream Survival
• Freeze • Cryptobiosis• Activity• Tolerate• Migration• Die
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How active are the invertebrate fauna?
• Fecal Matter Observations
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Fecal Matter(Shepard, Minshall; 1984)
• Winter activity is species dependent
– Typically: Higher activity in winter for
some species
– Example: Caddis Flies
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Ecological Impacts of Winter Invertebrate Activity
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Activity
• Provides a large influx of nutrients in Spring
– Decomposition, wood/leaf litter
(Anderson et al., 1978)
– Fecal Matter Deposition
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Non-Active Importance
• Dead Invertebrates,
Nutrient cyclers
• Frozen Invertebrates
Ready for Spring
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Conclusions
• Yes, Invertebrates are Active During the Winter
• Some Species Maintain High Levels of Activity During Winter
• Activity and Inactivity Play Important Roles in the Ecological Function of Streams During the Winter with Relations to Nutrient Loading for Spring and Summer Months
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References• Anderson N.H., J.R. Sedell, L.M. Roberts and F.J. Triska. 1978. The role of
aquatic invertebrates in processing of wood debris in coniferous forest streams. American Midland Naturalist 100:64-82.
• Crowe J.H. 1971. Anhydrobiosis: An unsolved problem. The American Naturalist 105:563-573.
• Lillehammer A. and J.E. Brittain. 1978. The invertebrate fauna of the streams in Ovre Heimdalen. Holartic 1:271-276.
• Olsson, T.I. 1981. Overwintering of benthic macroinvertebrates in ice and frozen sediment in a north Swedish river. Holarctic Ecology 4:161-166.
• Oswood M.W., L.K. Miller, and J.G. Irons III, “Overwintering of Freshwater Benthic Macroinvertebrates,” in P. Marchand Life in the Cold (Hanover: University Press of New England, 1996), 148-149.
• Pace M.L. and J.D. Orcutt. 1981. The relative importance of protozoans, rotifers, and crustaceans in a freshwater zooplankton community. Limnology and Oceanography 26:822-830.
• Pennington W. 1941. The control of the numbers of freshwater phytoplankton by small invertebrate animals. The Journal of Ecology 29:209-211.
• Pace M.L. and J.D. Orcutt. 1981. The relative importance of protozoans, rotifers, and crustaceans in a freshwater zooplankton community. Limnology and Oceanography 26:822-830.
• Shepard R.B. and G.W. Minshall. 1984. Role of benthic insect feces in a Rocky Mountain stream: Fecal production and support of consumer growth. Holartic 7:119-127.