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ICDL

Syllabus Version 4.0

Module 1

Concepts of Information

Technoloy

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!hat is a Computer"

#eneral$purpose

%rorammable

Calculates

Stores results

A computer is a general-purpose, programmable deviceA computer is a general-purpose, programmable device

that is capable of calculating and storing resultsthat is capable of calculating and storing results

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!hat is a Computer"

Input Processing Output

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1.1.&.1 Distinuish 'et(een Main$frame Computer)

*et(or+ Computer) %C) Laptop and%ersonal Diital ,ssistant -%D,

Ma+e sure you understand

the follo(in terms/ Mainframe computer

*et(or+ computer %ersonal computer

Laptop computer

%ersonal Diital ,ssistant

-%D,

1.1.& Types of Computer

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1.1.&.1 Distinuish 'et(een Computers in Terms

of Capacity) Speed) Cost) and Typical sers.

Mainframe Computers Very po(erful) used by lare

oranisations such an ban+s to

control the entire businessoperation. Very epensi2e3

%ersonal Computers Cheap and easy to use. ften

used as stand$alone computers or

in a net(or+. May be connectedto lare mainframe computers

(ithin bi companies

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Laptop Computer is a battery$ or ,C$po(ered personal

computer enerally smaller than a

briefcase that can easily be transported

and con2eniently used in temporaryspaces such as on airplanes) in libraries)

temporary offices and at meetins

, laptop typically (eihs less than &kg

and is 5cm or less in thic+ness

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%ersonal Diital ,ssistant -%D, is a small mobile hand$held de2ice that

pro2ides computin and information

storae and retrie2al for personal or

business use Most %D,s ha2e a small +eyboard

Some %D,s ha2e an electronically

sensiti2e pad on (hich hand(ritin can

be recei2ed

Typical uses include schedule and

address boo+ storae and retrie2al andnote$enterin

Increasinly) %D,s are combined (ith

telephones and pain systems

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1.1.1.1 nderstand the 'asic Concepts of 6ard(are)

Soft(are and Information Technoloy -IT.

6ard(are The term hard(are refers to the

physical parts of a computer such asthe system unit) mouse) +eyboard)monitor etc

Soft(are The soft(are is the set of instructions

that ma+e the computer beha2e in ai2en (ay

Soft(are is held either on yourcomputer7s hard dis+) CD$8M) DVDor on a dis+ette -floppy dis+ and isloaded -i.e. copied from the dis+ intothe computers 8,M -8andom ,ccessMemory) as and (hen re9uired

1.1.1 6ard(are:Soft(are Information Technoloy

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1.1.1.1 nderstand the 'asic Concepts of 6ard(are)

Soft(are and Information Technoloy -IT.

Information Technoloy encompasses all forms of technoloy

used to create) store) echane) anduse information in its 2arious forms-business data) 2oice con2ersations)still imaes) motion pictures)multimedia presentations) and otherforms) includin those not yetconcei2ed

It;s a con2enient term for includin

both telephony and computertechnoloy in the same (ord. It is thetechnoloy that is dri2in (hat hasoften been called

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.2 Hardware

Internal 6ard(are Components

=ternal 6ard(are Components

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1.&.1.1 The Central %rocessin nit -C%

The C% -Central %rocessin nit

is normally an Intel %entium -or

e9ui2alent and it is one of the most

important components (ithin yourcomputer It determines ho( fast your computer

(ill run and is measured by its #6> or

M6> speed

?or eample) a &.4 #6> %entium is much

faster than a 400 M6> %entium C% It is the C% that performs all the

calculations (ithin the computer

1.&.1 Internal 6ard(are Components

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1.&.1.1 nderstand the Term Central %rocessin nit

-C% and @no( !hat the C% Does

The C% is the brains (ithin your

computer It is responsible for loic control and carries

out most of the calculations (ithin thecomputer

It ensures the smooth runnin of the operatin

system -e.. !indo(s as (ell as applications)

such as (ord$processors) spreadsheets and

databases

The C% speed larely determines the speed

of the computer and is measured in meahert>

-M6> or iahert> -#6>

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1.&.1.& The 6ard Dis+

6ard dis+s are the main) laredata storae area (ithin yourcomputer

They are used to store youroperatin system) yourapplication prorams -i.e. your(ord processor) ames etc andyour data

They are much faster than CD$8Ms and floppy dis+s and canalso hold much more data

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1.&.1.A Types of Memory

8,M The 8,M -8andom ,ccess

Memory is (here the operatin

system is loaded and also (here

your applications are copied to

(hen you load an application)

such as a (ord processor or

database proram.

8M The 8M$'IS -8ead nly

Memory $ 'asic Input utput

System chip is a special chipheld on your computer;s system

-mother board.

It contains soft(are that is

re9uired to ma+e your computer

(or+ (ith your operatin system

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1.&.1.4 @no( 6o( Computer Memory Is Measured

'it ,ll computers (or+ on a binary numberin system) i.e. they

process data in ones or >eros. This 1 or 0 le2el of storae iscalled a bit

'yte , byte consists of eiht bits

@ilobyte , +ilobyte -@' consists of 10&4 bytes

Meabyte

, meabyte -M' consists of 10&4 +ilobytes #iabyte , iabyte -#' consists of 10&4 meabytes

Terabyte , terabyte -T' consists of 10&4 iabytes

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1.1.4.1 @no( Some of the ?actors ThatImpact on a Computer;s %erformance

C% speed

8,M si>e 6ard dis+ speed and

capacity *umber of

applications runnin

1.&.1.B Computer %erformance

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Input de2ices @eyboard Mouse

Scanner

Diital camera

utput De2icesMonitor -VD%rinter

Spea+ers

1.&.& =ternal 6ard(are Components

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De2ices for Inputtin Data

The Mouse sed to dri2e7 !indo(s

The @eyboard The +eyboard is still the commonest (ay

of enterin information into a computer

Scanner , scanner allo(s you to scan printed

material and con2ert it into a file formatthat may be used (ithin the %C

Touchpad , de2ice that lays on the des+top and

responds to pressure

Liht %en sed to allo( users to point to areas on

a screen

1.&.&.1 Input De2ices

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De2ices for Inputtin Data continued

Diital camera This produces a diital

picture file that can beprinted) sent 2ia e$mail orposted to a (eb pae

, (ebcam enables mo2inimaes to be 2ie(ed in realtime 2ia the internet

Microphone , de2ice that allo(s sound

sinals to be con2erted intodiital files that may be

stored on the computer It enables 2oice$reconition

soft(are to be used

It also allo(s telephony 2iathe internet

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De2ices for outputtin data

Monitor -VD The computer screen is used

for outputtin information in an

understandable format for

humans ?lat$screen LCD monitors are

rapidly becomin commonplace

%rinters There are many different types

of printers

In lare orani>ations laserprinters are most commonly

used due to the fact that they

can print 2ery fast and i2e a

2ery hih 9uality output

1.&.&.& utput De2ices

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De2ices for outputtin data continued

%lotters , plotter is an output de2ice

similar to a printer) but

normally allo(s you to print

larer imaes

Spea+ers =nhances the 2alue of

educational and presentation

products

Speech synthesisers #i2es you the ability to notonly to display tet on a

monitor but also to read the

tet to you

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1.&.A. Input : utput De2ices

Touchscreens These are both input and output de2ices

Contact (ith the screen by means of a

diit pro2ides the input by ma+in a

selection

The result is then displayed on the

screen in the form of information or

i2es a menu from (hich further choices

may be made

Touchscreens are commonly used in

interacti2e kiosks

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1.&.4 %eripheral De2ices

, peripheral de2ice is any

de2ice that you can attach

to your computer Eou can attach a scanner)

printer) data proFector)

spea+ers etc. to your system

unit

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1.&.B.1 Compare Memory Storae De2ices

Hard Disk

Speed/ Very fast3

The speed of a hard dis+ is often 9uoted as

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Diskette (Floppy Disk)

Speed/

Very slo(3

Capacity/

*ormally 1.44 Mbytes

Cost/

Very cheap

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CD-ROM

Speed/ Much slo(er than hard dis+s.

The oriinal CD$8M

specification is no( i2en a

2alue of 1 speed) and later)

faster CD$8Ms are 9uoted

as a multiple of this 2alue

Capacity/

,round 5B0 Mbytes

CD$8 dis+s can be (ritten to only once

CD$8! dis+s can be (ritten to more than once

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DVD Drives

Speed/

Much faster than CD$8M dri2es but not as fast as hard dis+s

Capacity/

p to 1H #'

Cost/ Slihtly hiher than CD$8M dri2es

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Zip Disk

Speed/ Slo(er than normal hard dis+s but ideal for bac+ups.

Capacity/

100 or &B0 Meabytes.

Cost/ Eou ha2e to consider both the cost of the dri2e) plus the cost

of each dis+ that you (ish to use in the dri2e. ften suppliers

(ill sell the dri2e plus a pac+ of B dis+s at a bundled discount

price.

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1.&.B.1 nderstand the %urpose of ?ormattin a Dis+

!hen !indo(s formats a dis+ette it/

Erases all previous data

Sets up a system for recording what is storedwhere on the disk

Checks the disk for physical and magnetic errors

Makes the disk compatile with any computer

running !indows

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Distinuish bet(een Systems Soft(are ,pplications Soft(are

Systems soft(are The operatin system is a special type of proram that loads

automatically (hen you start your computer

The operatin system allo(s you to use the ad2anced features

of a modern computer (ithout ha2in to learn all the details of

ho( the hard(are (or+s

,pplications soft(are ,n application proram is the type of proram that you use

once the operatin system has been loaded

=amples include (ord$processin prorams) spreadsheets

and databases

. !o"tware

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1.A.1 Systems soft(are

1.A.1.1 Describe the Main ?unctionsof an System Soft(are -peratin System

The lin+ bet(een the hard(are and you) the user

Ma+es the computer easy to use (ithout ha2into understand bits and bytes3

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1.A.1.& *ame Some Common peratin Systems

!indo(s J%

!indo(s H

!indo(s G

Linu

ni

Mac S

,ndroid

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,pplications soft(are

1.A.A.1 List Some Common Soft(are ,pplications

Toether !ith Their ses.

!ord processin applications Microsoft !ord

Lotus !ord %ro

!ord%erfect

Spreadsheets Microsoft =cel

Lotus 1&A

Database Microsoft ,ccess

Lotus ,pproach

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1.A.A.1 List Some Common Soft(are ,pplications

Toether !ith Their ses Continued

%ayroll Sae soft(are

%resentation tools Microsoft %o(er%oint

Lotus ?reelance

Des+top publishin Microsoft %ublisher

,bode %hotoshop Multimedia applications

Microsoft;s =ncarta CD$8M based encyclopaedias

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1.A.4 nderstand the 8easons for Soft(are Versions

*e( 2ersions of soft(are may/ ?i bus that (ere present in the pre2ious 2ersion

,ddress and fi security issues from an earlier 2ersion

Introduce enhanced or additional features Ta+e ad2antae of ad2ances in soft(are and computer

technoloy

%ro2ide updated compatibility (ith ne( peripheral de2ices

e.. ne( models of diital cameras

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1.4 nderstand the Term

#raphical ser Interface -#I

, #raphical ser Interface -#Iis simply an

additional part of the operatin system that

displays (indo(s and drop do(n menus) and

also enables you to dri2e your computer usin amouse

=amples of operatin system that use a #I

include !indo(s A.1) !indo(s KB:KG:&000)

!indo(s Me:J%) !indo(s *T and I'M;s S:&

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1.4.1 The Main ,d2antaes of sin a #I Interface.

,ll prorams loo+ similar

!hen you s(itch from a proram supplied by one

manufacturer to one from a different

manufacturer) you (ill find the transition 2ery

easy

,pplication prorams (or+ in the same (ay as

the underlyin operatin system

The #I also allo(s prorammers to easily (rite

consistent loo+in prorams

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