ICARUSicarus.lngs.infn.it/serwer/conferences/Scientific... · ICARUS liquid argon imaging TPC (I) O...
Transcript of ICARUSicarus.lngs.infn.it/serwer/conferences/Scientific... · ICARUS liquid argon imaging TPC (I) O...
ICARUS A Status Report on
the LAr Detector Construction
Carlo RubbiaUniv. of Pavia and INFN
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 2
Th
e IC
AR
US
Co
llab
ora
tion
Car
lo R
ubbi
a, 4
/9/0
0, S
PS
C 2
000
Slid
e 3
3 ton prototype
24 cm drift wires chamber
1991-1995: First demonstration of the LAr TPC on large masses. Argon recirculation in gas phase. Long duration test. Measurement of the TPC performances. TMG doping.
First purity monitor chamber
30 litres prototype
50 litres prototype1.4 m drift chamber
10 m3 industrial prototype
1994
1998-1999: Ultra-pure LAr technique industrialization.Forced LAr recirculation.
1997-1999: Neutrino beam eventsmeasurements. Readout electronicsoptimization. 1.4 m drift test.
The ICARUS Geneaology
1987: First LAr Ultra-purification.Measured Lifetime > 10 ms
1987: First LAr TPC. Proof of principle.Measurements of TPC performances.
1996: First LAr TPC built outside CERN.Scintillation light measurements.
Liquid Phase purification
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 4
Event Imaging in Liquid Argon
O Detect electrons produced by ionizing tracks crossing the LAr
v—
v+
+
—
Ionizing track
V
i0
E
d
d
d
p
Ionizing track
1st Induction wire / Screen grid
2nd Induction wire grid (x view)
Collection wire grid (y view)
e-
Ch
arg
e
Drift timeA
B
C
Signals induced
Ch
arg
e
Drift timeA B
C
Drift
Electron-ion pairs are produced
Electrons give the main contribution to
the induced current due to the much
larger mobility
I0 = e(v+ + v-)/d
A set of wires at the end of the drift give a sampling of the track
No charge multiplication occurs near the wires ➨ electrons can
be used to induce signals on subsequent wires planes with
different orientations ➨ ➨ 3D imaging
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 540 cm
40 c
mW
ires
Drift
The LAr TPCState of the Art Technology
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 6
ICARUS liquid argon imaging TPC (I)
O The LAr TPC technique is based on the fact that ionization electrons can driftover large distances (meters) in a volume of purified liquid Argon under a strongelectric field. If a proper readout system is realized (i.e. a set of fine pitch wiregrids) it is possible to realize a massive "electronic bubble chamber", with superb3-D imaging.
40 cm
40 c
mW
ires
Drift
"Bubble" size ≈ 3 x 3 x 0.2 mm3
Energy depositionmeasured for eachpoint
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 7
ICARUS liquid argon imaging TPC (II)
Detector is continuously sensitive, thus allowing to easilysimultaneously collect atmospheric, CNGS and other rare events...
Time -- drift
Rea
l eve
nt f
rom
15
ton
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 8
CERN ν-beam
νµ + n → µ − + p
128
read
out
wire
s2.
54 m
m w
ire p
itch
ICARUS-CERN-Milano
(Chamber located in front of NOMAD detector)
collection view time (400 ns/sample)46 cm max. drift distance
Neutrino event in 50 liter LAr TPC (1998)
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 9
ICARUS: a graded strategy
O The partnership of specialized industry already at the level of conceptual designhas been crucial to the development of larger detector masses.
Small-scaleprototypes Ò15 tonÓ 2 x Ò300 tonÓ Ò1400 tonÓ
➨ Air Liquide for Cryostat and Argon purification➨ BREME Tecnica for internal detector mechanics➨ CAEN for readout electronics
Cooperation with specialized industries:
Full test expected before end of 2000
?
≈2 m max. drift4 x 4 m2 cross
section
≈2 m max. drift4 x 4 m2 cross
section
≈4 m max. drift8 x 8 m2 cross
section
≈4 m max. drift8 x 8 m2 cross
section
Lab activities:
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 10
T600:Rationale
O As clearly stated in the original proposal, the T600 has to be considered one morestep towards larger detector masses. Although it has a physics program of its own,(somehow limited by the mass, but still relevant to neutrino physics) the T600 has itsmain justification in solving technical issues associated with actual operation of a largemass LAr device in the LNGS Tunnel.
O Although the Collaboration is fully involved in the T600 assembly, the design of thefuture, larger scale detector is continuing. The solution for the LAr super-module hasconverged towards a monolithic detector module unit of about 1.4 kton imaging mass,built with the same technology of the T600 half module to be hopefully repeated up tofour times in Hall B of LNGS. (External muon spectrometer still pending: ICANOE)
Ü Therefore a T600 half-module can be considered a 1/2 scale prototype for the full detector
O Capabilities of both LAr detectors forÜ atmospheric neutrinoÜ LBL neutrinos andÜ proton decay
have already been reported in several papers, proposals and presentations andpositively evaluated by the physics community .
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 11
The ICARUS T600 module
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Number of independent containers = 2Single container Internal Dimensions: Length = 19.6 m , Width = 3.9 m , Height = 4.2 mTotal (cold) Internal Volume = 534 m Sensitive LAr mass = 476 ton
Number of wires chambers = 4Readout planes / chamber = 3 at 0° , ± 60° from horizontalMaximum drift = 1.5 mOperating field = 500 V / cmMaximum drift time ≈ 1 msWires pitch = 3 mmTotal number of channels = 58368
2 independent aluminum containerseach one transportable inside the GS Laboratory
External insulation layer (400 mm)
LN2 cooling circuit
Signal feedthroughs
HV feedthroughs
Under construction
3
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 12
T600 Project - Main approvals
Jun 199 5 Proposal for 2 x 300 ton semi-modules (T600)
Nov 29, 1996 Approval of INFN “Consiglio Direttivo” (CD) and first financing
of T600 (Cryogenics)
Jul 22, 1997 Approval and financing (6 GLit) of a Joint venture between
INFN and Air Liquide for the 2 Cryostats and LAr Purifiers:
➥ “then” predicted duration: 3 years ➜ ➜ July 2000
Jul 98 Adjudication of contract for detector’s Mechanics (Cinel)
Nov 1998 Adjudication of contract for the High Voltage & Racetracks
Mid 1998 Adjudication of contract for the readout electronics (CA EN)
Mar 200 0 Phototubes in LAr for the readout of scintillation light (EMI)
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 13
T600 Project - Italian Funding (Y2000 curr.)
Estimated (1995) construction cost of T600 26.5 MSfr (33.1 BLi t)
Spent so far 21.8 MSFr (27.25 BLit)Needed until operational in LNGS (included LAr) 3.9 MSFr (4 .9 BLit)Actual, projected cost of the T600 project 25.7 MSFr (32.1 BL i t)
In the 1995 estimate the following items were not included, but are accounted in thegiven actual cost:
•Neutrons shield and neutron background measurement 1.2 MSfr•Test programme with the 10 m3 prototype 0.9 MSFr•Scintillation light detection system 0.4 MSFr•8000 additional electronic channels 0.7 MSFr
Total, 1995 unscheduled costs 3.2 MSFr (4.0 BLi t)
Costs well wi thin 1995 estimates : we did more with l ess !Costs well wi thin 1995 estimates : we did more with l ess !
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 14
T600 Project - Timetable
Dec 1998 - Jun 1999 Operation of 10 m3 in Pavia: LAr purification and recirculationtests, cryogenic test of internal detector mechanics, generalcryogenics plants performance evaluation.
Sep 1999 Completed the site preparation in Pavia for the T600 cryostat.Nov 1999 Completion of the “clean room” and of the “assembly island”.Feb 2000 Operation of the 10 m3 at LNGS: data taking with a fully
functional imaging ( up to 4 m tracks), final electronics & DAQ programs,cryogenics and purification
Feb 2000 - Apr 200 0 Successful, extended test run with cosmic ray trigger at GranSasso.
Feb 29, 2000 Acceptance tests and delivery in Pavia of the cryostat by AirLiquide of the first half-module
Mar, 200 0 Beginning of assembly of the internal detector mechanics.Jul 2000 Completion of assembly and positioning of mechanical
frames for the first half-module; Begin wiring.Aug 4, 2000 Acceptance tests and delivery in Pavia of the cryostat by
AirLiquide of the second half-moduleSept 2000(exp) Begin installation of electronics on top of dewarDec 2000 (e x p) First cool-down with LAr of T600
≈ 4 month’s delay withrespect to 1997 plan
≈ 4 month’s delay withrespect to 1997 plan
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 15
Planning for the assembly of the first half-module - Status at the end of August 2000 -
M T W T F S SM T W T F S SM T W T F S SM T W T F S SM T W T F S SM T W T F S SM T W T F S SM T W T F S SM T W T F S S M T W T F S SM T W T F S SM T W T F S SM T W T F S SM T W T F S SM T W T F S SM T W T F S S
4 WEEKth2 WEEKnd 3 WEEKrd
MAYS
5 WEEKth 8 WEEKth6 WEEKth 7 WEEKth
JUNE9 WEEKth 12 WEEKth10 WEEKth 11 WEEKth
JULY13 WEEKth 16 WEEKth
S
14 WEEKth 15 WEEKth
AUGUST
ASSEMBLY FIRST 1/2 MODULE
ASSEMBLY SECOND THIRD 2ASSEMBLY FIRST PART OF INSULATION 9INSTALL AUX INSTRUMENTATION 3POSITION SECOND THIRD 4ASSEMBLY THIRD THIRD 5INSTALL AUX INSTRUMENTATION 6POSITION THIRD THIRD & FULL ALIGN 7 8DELIVERY SECOND 1/2 MODULE 16INSTALL CATHODE & RACE TRACKS 10INSTALL AUX INSTRUMENTATION 11 12ASSEMBLY SECOND PART OF INSULATION 17INSTALL WIRES 13CABLING & STRAIGHT JOINTS INSTALL 14 15INSTALL CRYO & PURIFICATION DEVICES 26INSTALL THIRD PART OF INSULATION 17WIRES TENSIONING AND TEST 20 21INSTALL RACE TRACKS 23 24TESTS 22DISCONNECT AND CLOSE 1/2 MODULE 27 28FINISH INSULATION ASSEMBLY 29INSTALL FEEDTHROUGHS 18 19INSTALL ELECTRONICS 25FINISH CRYO & PURIFICATION PLANT 30 31
ACTIVITY # # # 1 WEEKst
M T W T F S SM T W T F S SM T W T F S SM T W T F S S17 WEEKth 20 WEEKth
S
18 WEEKth 19 WEEKth
SEPTEMBERM T W T F S SM T W T F S SM T W T F S SM T W T F S S
21 WEEKth 24 WEEKth
S
22 WEEKth 23 WEEKth
OCTOBER
CompletedMovedCryogenics & PurificationInternal Detector Mechanics
ElectronicsAuxiliary InstrumentationWires PositioningTests
Color Scheme:
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 16
ICARUS 15 ton (10m3) prototype (1999-2000)
O A recent major step of the R&D
program has been the
construction and operation of a
10m3 prototype
¬ Test of the cryostat technology
Test of the “ variable-geometry ”
wire chamber
® Test of the liquid phase
purification system; purity level
exceeded 2ms electron lifetime
T15 installation @ Pavia
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 17
Cryostat
Cryo. pump
LN2 exchanger
Control
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 18
Viewport
Top view of T15 prototype
Signal flanges
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 19
Cryogenic circuit
GAr purifactioncircuit
LAr purif.circuit LN2 circuit
COOLING
Car
lo R
ubbi
a, 4
/9/0
0, S
PS
C 2
000
Slid
e 20
Spring system
View of the ICARUS T15 internal detector
Spring movementsensor
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 21
Cooling 15 ton prototype March Ô99
6Confirmation of thefunctionality of the variablegeometry mechanics
100
1000
-50 0 5 0 100 150 200 250
Lifetime evolution
Life
time
(µs
)
Elapsed Time (hours)
Pump OFF
Pump ON
6The electrons lifetime, afterabout 4 days of recirculation, wasbetween 2 ms to 3 ms.
LAr purityTemperature / Spring movement
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 22
ICARUS T15 @ LNGS
O The second test phase of theT15 prototype has in additionprovided:
¬ Long-term test of the cryostat
technology
Test of trigger via scintillation
light
® Large scale test of final readout
electronics
T15 installation @ LNGS (Hall di Montaggio)
Ü First operation of a 15 ton LAr massas an actual “detector”
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 23
Purity Monitors
PhotomultipliersPads
Cathode
Two wire planes (induction + collection)928 wires/plane, all connected for readout
ICARUS 15 ton prototype - internal detectors
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 24
Inner detector upgrade
O Construction of cathode andfield shaping rings (race-tracks)
O Substitution of wire connectingboards
O Cable connection from wires tofeedthrough
O Installation of 2 arrays of pads
O Installation of 2 PMTs forscintillation light detection
O Installation of 3 Purity Monitors
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 25
Top View
Lateral View
Internal Volumes Layout
Imaging region (35 cm drift)
External trigger
cathode
wires
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 26
• Just after LAr filling: τ ~ 100µs, according to expectations based on residual leak
rates ( 10-5 mbar/s).• In a few days of LAr pump operation: τ > 2 ms
Slow τ degradation (GAr recirculation off)
Electron Lifetime Measurements
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 27
Tracks in 15 ton prototype
Drift
Wir
es
40 cm
76 c
m
Drift
Wir
es
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 28
Second half-module during the vacuum test in Pero
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 29
Vacuum curve
1.00E-05
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01
1.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
0.01000 0.10000 1.00000 10.00000 100.00000
Pumping Time (hr )
Ab
solu
te
pre
ssu
re
(mb
ar)
Primary Vacuum (speed = 72 m 3/ h r )
Turbomolecular pumping (speed = 2000 lt/sec)
Vacuum Tests - Second half-module
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 30
Walls Displacement s
- 3 5
- 3 0
- 2 5
- 2 0
- 1 5
- 1 0
- 5
0
5
1 0
1 5
0.00E+00 2.00E+02 4.00E+02 6.00E+02 8.00E+02 1.00E+03 1.20E+03 1.40E+03 1.60E+03
Absolute Pressure (mbar)
Dis
pla
cem
en
t (m
m)
D1 (mm)D2 (mm)D3 (mm)D4 (mm)D5 (mm)D6 (mm)D7 (mm)D8 (mm)D9 (mm)
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 31
Status of the T600 Assembly
O After the delivery of the first half-module, at the end of February 2000, we started theassembly of the internal detector mechanics. The mechanical frame, holding the wiresand all the other detector components, has been positioned and aligned to within 0.2 mmover the full detector length (19 m).
O Such a high mechanical precision, coupled to the “variable geometry” concept allows forcompletely independent offline production of wires. Wiring is indeed proceeding at aconstant rate and is now at about 40 % of what is needed for the second half-module.The production of the wires for the first half-module was completed about 2 months ago.
O Wires positioning in the first half-module started in the second half of August and is nowgoing on very quickly (about 500 wires / hour). We expect to complete the wirespositioning for the two chambers of the first-half module around the middle of September.
O The central cathode, all the auxiliary instrumentation that goes behind the chambers andpart of the cables (for electronics and wires test) were installed before the positioning ofthe wires.
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 32
First half-module delivery in Pavia
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 33
Positioning the first half-module in the assembly hall
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 34
Second half-module positioned on the insulation in Pavia
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 35
Second half-module positioned on the insulation in Pavia
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 36
First half-module - View of the roof during the insulationassembly
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 37
First half-module - View of the roof during the insulationassembly
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 38
Status of the T600 Assembly
O Signal cabling will follow the positioning of the wires. Installation of race-tracks and HVdivider chain will complete the assembly of the internal detector at the beginning ofOctober.
O Installation of thermal insulation and cryogenic systems is proceeding in parallel with theinternal detector assembly. The second half-module was delivered at the beginning ofAugust. Construction time was about 4 months (exactly the time originally estimated tobuild up an half-module) and the vacuum test was perfectly successful (2 x 10-4 mbarwere reached after about 30 hours of pumping). This demonstrates that, after few delaysencountered during the realization of the first half-module, the industry is now masteringefficiently the cryostat technique. Innovation always requires some initial tuning.
O About 2/3 of the insulation is presently installed. Cryogenics and purification units for bothhalf-modules have been produced and tested. Transfer lines for LAr and LN2 are underconstruction. Completion of the installation of the cryogenics and purification plant isplanned for the end of October.
O In the second half of September some electronics units will be connected to the wires tostart a series of tests to optimize the electronics installation (ground connections, powersupply filtering, etc.). Apart a small fraction of the channels of the second half-module allthe electronics boards have been produced and most of them have already beenindividually tested and qualified in the Padova laboratory.
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 39
Cryostat
Assembly of the T600 internal detector (clean room)
Dirtyobserver
Cleanworkers
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 40
Mo
un
ting
the
first third
of th
em
ec
ha
nic
al fra
me
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 41
Mounting the second third of the mechanical frame
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 42
Inte
rna
l de
tec
tor m
ec
ha
nic
al fra
me
co
mp
lete
ly a
ssem
ble
d a
nd
po
sition
ed
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 43
T600 - Internal Detector - View of the cathode
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 44
T60
0 -
Inte
rna
l De
tec
tor V
iew
of th
ec
ath
od
e
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 45
Inte
rna
l de
tec
tor m
ec
ha
nic
al fra
me
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 46
Wires tensioning devices (springs)
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 47
5727 544543
Induction 1 [0 ÷ 2111]Induction 2 [0 ÷ 5727]Collection [0 ÷ 5727]
0
05727
1055
1056
2111
05183
T600 wire numbering
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 48
Wires preparation
Two wiring tables working in parallel
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 49
Wire
insta
llatio
n in
T60
0 in
tern
al
de
tec
tor
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 50
View of the wires of the first plane (no tension)
60¡ wire plane3 mm wire pitch
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 51
T60
0 -
Inte
rna
l De
tec
tor
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 52
Status of the T600 Assembly.
O Several instruments, most of them custom designed to work at LAr temperature in highpurity environment, have been built tested and installed:
Ü LAr Purity monitors
Ü High precision LAr level meters
Ü Position meters for the wires tensioning springs and for the container walls
Ü Temperature probes
O An important addition that is being implement already in the first half-module is thedetection of LAr scintillation light for triggering and T0 measurement. Among the severalpossible solutions we opted for the simplest one: bare photomultipliers immersed in theLAr with a wavelength shifter deposited on the glass window to shift the VUV (λ=128 nm)proper wavelength of LAr to visible light. Intense work has been done in the past fewmonths to implement this solution:
Ü Test and qualification of every single PMT at room and LAr temperature (8 inches EMI PMTswith special treated bialkali photocathode to work at cryogenic temperature).
Ü Choice of most efficient wavelength shifter (TPB = TetraPhenylButadiene), deposition method(spray), aging properties, pollution of LAr, etc.
Ü Design and qualification of divider chains working at LAr temperature.
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 53
PMT
Purity Monitor
Position Meter
Continuous Level Meter
PT1000
Planned Positioning of Instrumentation in the T600 (Right)
Discrete Level Meter
1 Thirdst3 Thirdrd 2 ThirdndOpen side
Top
Bottom
Left
Right
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 54
Position meter PMT
Purity Monitors
T600 internal detector - sensors
Car
lo R
ubbi
a, 4
/9/0
0, S
PS
C 2
000
Slid
e 55Position meter for the walls (detail)
Car
lo R
ubbi
a, 4
/9/0
0, S
PS
C 2
000
Slid
e 56
Purity monitor (top position)
Car
lo R
ubbi
a, 4
/9/0
0, S
PS
C 2
000
Slid
e 57
LAr level meters
Car
lo R
ubbi
a, 4
/9/0
0, S
PS
C 2
000
Slid
e 58
8 inches PMT coated with TPB
Car
lo R
ubbi
a, 4
/9/0
0, S
PS
C 2
000
Slid
e 59
Signal feedthroughs flange
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 60
O External & Internalplanes:Ü Approx. unipolar input signal
ÜWidth ≥ 3 µs
Ü Short RC(“quasi-current” mode) tominimized pile-up
O Middle Plane:Ü Bipolar signal
Ü Long RC(“quasi-charge” mode) to gettriangular signals
ext.plane
mid.plane
int.plane
RC=50µs
RC=1µs
RC=1µs
Input signals & pre-amp feedback RC
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 61
Electronics racks
Digital crate
Analog crate
Link cables
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 62
The ICARUS read-
out chain
CAEN-V789 board: 2 Daedalus VLSI * 16 inputchannels (local self-trigger & zero suppression) +memory buffers + data out on VME bus
CAEN-V791 board: 32 pre-amplifiers +4 multiplexers (8:1) + 4 FADCÕs (10 bits - 20 MHz)
Decoupling board:HV distributionand signal input
One rack fully testedand optimized with realon-line data from the 50liter LAr TPC
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 63
Analogue Boards (V791C & V791Q) features
• S/N ratio > 10 for m.i.p.
10 m3 single wire waveforms (500V/cm)
induction plane (V791C)
collection plane (V791Q)
FWHM ~ 5 µs
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 64
MUX8:1
ADC
CLK 40 MHz
RAM
CKSYNC
EXT.TRIGGERS
EVENTFIFO
VM
E IN
TE
RF
AC
E
V789BOARD
Daedalus chip as on-line zero suppressor and local trigger enabler Raw data (ext. trigger)
Reduced data
V791BOARD
8 ANALOG
CHANNELS
32C
urre
nt/C
harg
e P
ream
plifi
ers
DAEDALUSCHIPS2 • 16 ch
Daedalus feature:Varying rise-timefront-edge finder
LINK
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 65
T600 event size
O One chamber has:ÜInduction 1 wires: 1056 + 1056ÜInduction 2 wires: 5728ÜCollection wires: 5728
O Full drift event size:ÜInduction 1: 2112 x 4096 x 2B ≈ 17MBÜInduction 2: 5728 x 4096 x 2B ≈ 47 MBÜCollection: 5728 x 4096 x 2B ≈ 47 MB
ÜTotal 111 MB/chamber
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 66
GE / GE
f/en
del
ectr
on
ics
f/en
del
ectr
on
ics
CPU
f/en
del
ectr
on
ics
f/en
del
ectr
on
ics
CPU
24x
f/en
del
ectr
on
ics
f/en
del
ectr
on
ics
CPU
f/en
del
ectr
on
ics
f/en
del
ectr
on
ics
CPU
24x
FE / GE
FE / GE
PC builder, filter scan, monitor
200 GB disk
PC builder, filter scan, monitor
200 GB disk
PC builder, filter scan, monitor
200 GB disk
PC builder, filter scan, monitor
200 GB disk
GE / FE
PCs utilities
DAQ system layout (T600 semi-module readout)
1Gb/s
1Gb/s
1Gb/s100Mb/s
FE = Fast Ethernet
GE = Giga Ethernet
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 67
Status of the T600 Assembly
O All signal feed-through have been produced and tested both for electrical connection and
vacuum tightness.
O Complete installation of electronics racks will start at the beginning of October.
O Online and offline DAQ programs (event filtering algorithms, event display program, slow
control system, etc.) are being extensively tested on simulated data and on data coming
from the 10 m3 prototype. The control room, that contains only PCs, communications and
storage units, is going to be setup starting from the end of September.
O Startup procedures for the operation of the T600 (vacuum pumping) are expected to start
at the beginning of November.
Hopefully, the 18 m long track will be our Christmas gift.
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 68
Scaling to a larger module
O The ICARUS programme has always been aiming at a ≈5000 tonof LAr, as justified by physics reasons (rates, competitivity).
O Initially planned for HallC, now we are destined to HallB, smaller incross section, but longer.
O This implies a practical cross section of inner volume of 8 x 8 m2,about twice the present semi-module of T600.
O In previous papers, we have assumed initially to “pile-up” two T600modules to make up for the cross section
O We are now confident that a single, 8 x 8 m2 LAr container can berealised, with substantial advantages:ÜNo insensitive material (walls) inside the sensitive volume
Ü Substantially cheaper detectorÜHigher degree of safety
O “Scale-up” by a linear factor 2, the present semi-module of T600.
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 69
Scaling to a L x 2 module
O Double the drift distance: this implies:ÜHV from 70 kVolt to 140 KVolt, to be tested with T600
Ü twice the drift time, with correspondingly twice the purity,already currentlyachieved and to be tested with T600
O Twice the wire length and twice the wire pitch:Ü wire capacitance (C) is higher. Note S/N ≈ C ≈15/1 for m.i.p.: widen wire
spacing from 3 mm to 5÷ 6 mm pitch to keep the same C and hence S/N
O Sensitive volume covered by each wire is increased roughly byfactor 2 {length} x 2{drift} x 6/3{pitch} = 8.Ü the already available T600 electronics is sufficient for roughly 600 ton x 8 =
4800 ton LAr. The actual figure is somewhat larger, since less dead spaces
O T600 is almost entirely “recycled”, namely re-deployingÜ Purification system
Ü Electronics, read-out and HV
Ü The T600 dewar becomes LAr storage container
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 70
- RACE TRACKS AND CATHODE ARE BOTH PIPES WITH DIAMETER 34 x 0.8 mm
- INTERNAL DETECTOR TOTAL OWN WEIGHT = 45 ton
- N. OF HORIZONTAL WIRES = 2 x 2 x 1200 = 4800
- HORIZONTAL WIRES LENGTH = 2 x 8419.29 mm
- N. OF WIRES AT ± 60 deg @ 6 mm pitch = 2 x 2 x 2304 = 9216
- ± 60 deg WIRES LENGTH = 8424.695 mm
- MASS EFFICIENCY = 1238.9 / 1819.66 = 0.68
- TOTAL LAr MASS = 8.6 x 8.35 x 18.10 x 1.4 = 1819.66 ton
- LAr IMAGING MASS = 1238.9 ton
- IMAGING VOLUME = 229.85 x 3.85 = 884.94 m3
- DRIFT = 3.85 m
- WIRES CHAMBER SURFACE = 2 x 7.200 x 15.962 = 229.85 m2
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS: 18 m long Module
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 71
Toward the full scale module - Cryogenics
O A study have been made in order to define the basic operations and proceduresneeded to build a monolithic cryostat for the ICANOE module with squaredcross-section and internal dimensions ≈ 8.6 x 8.6 x 16.6 m3.
O Basic construction procedures:
Ü The intrinsic modularity of honeycomb panels allows for a pre-assembly of sub-structures in the workshop. Operations will be completed and the cryostat will beclosed in the underground lab.
Ü With the present design, the thickness of the panels is very similar to the one of thoseused for the T600 ➨➨ the fabrication technology will be practically the same as theone already tested for the T600
Ü With the proposed structure, the shear stresses on the honeycomb panels will belower than the one presently occurring for the T600
Ü The total weight of the cold vessel is estimated ≈ 72 ton.
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 72
Toward the full scale module - Cryogenics
O To reduce the cooling LN2 consumption rate to the level of T600, a new insulation andLN2 circulation scheme have been studied. The insulation is a double wall style vacuuminsulation with Nomex walls:
O Theoretical performance is ≈ 5 W / m2. Nomex panels provide the required mechanicalstrength to stand vacuum load and a sufficient thermal insulation in case of vacuumbreaking.
O One of the insulation walls of the T600 is being made with the above technique to directlytest the performance.
O A new scheme of LN2 with natural circulation is foreseen to further reduce theconsumption due to the cooling circuit (present solution for the T600 is with forcedcirculation).
80 mm
80 mm
40 mm
200
mm Nomex
Nomex
Vacuum with SuperInsulation
Spacers
Car
lo R
ubbi
a, 4
/9/0
0, S
PS
C 2
000
Slid
e 73
CRYOSTAT CROSS-SECTION
EVACUATED INSULATION PANELS
COLD VESSEL
NON EVACUATED INSULATION PANELS
SUPPORTS
INSULATING FOAM PANELS
Car
lo R
ubbi
a, 4
/9/0
0, S
PS
C 2
000
Slid
e 74Lateral walls assembly
Car
lo R
ubbi
a, 4
/9/0
0, S
PS
C 2
000
Slid
e 75Top part assembly and positioning
Car
lo R
ubbi
a, 4
/9/0
0, S
PS
C 2
000
Slid
e 76Insulation panels pre-assembly
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 77
Toward the full scale module - Internal Detector
O The design criteria of the mechanics of the Internal Detector are essentially unchanged
with respect to the ones of the T600:
Ü the structure is mechanically independent from the LAr container;
Ü a variable geometry concept is introduced to ensure transportation to the Hall
Ü assembly of the structure will be done in an outside laboratory (Pavia) to minimize the amount of
work to be done in the underground lab.
O In particular a solution has been studied which allows to reduce the dimensions of the 8 x
8 x 16 m3 structure (literally by folding it) to a size which is transportable inside the hall.
O In this way we minimize interference between the assembly of the cryostat and the one of
the internal detector mechanics and we make maximum use of the structures already
developed for the T600 assembly.
O Detailed design work is currently going on and we are evaluating this solution in all
details, in view of a full engineering report which will be presented only when the T600
will be operational in Pavia, hopefully early next year
Carlo R
ubbia, 4/9/00, SP
SC
2000
Slide 78
280280280280120120
320320 450450450450
808084408440
8080450450
450450
DRIFT DRIFT 3850
3850DRIFT DRIFT 3850
3850
76007600
95009500
95009500
81608160
CATHODECATHODE
3 WIRE PLANES AT 0
3 WIRE PLANES AT 0°° - 60
- 60°° - 120 - 120°°
3 WIRE PLANES AT 0
3 WIRE PLANES AT 0°° - 60
- 60°° - 120 - 120°°
RACE TRACKSRACE TRACKS
TENSIONING DEVICESTENSIONING DEVICES
Front ViewFront View
Carlo R
ubbia, 4/9/00, SP
SC
2000
Slide 79
1068.711068.71
5320.865320.86
5320.865320.86
5320.865320.86
1068.711068.71
450450
450450
1773.621773.62
1773.621773.62
1773.621773.62
1773.621773.62
1773.621773.62
1773.621773.62
1773.621773.62
1773.621773.62
1068.711068.71
1068.711068.71
1773.621773.62
18100181001900019000
WIRE CHAM
BER LENGTH = W
IRE CHAMBER LENGTH =
15962.5815962.58
WIRE CHAMBER HEIGHT =WIRE CHAMBER HEIGHT =72007200
95009500SIDE VIEWSIDE VIEW
STRUCTURE VIEWSTRUCTURE VIEW
CATHODE VIEWCATHODE VIEW
WIRE CHAM
BER VIEWW
IRE CHAMBER VIEW
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 804540
4260
4540
4260
WIRE CHAMBERS FOLDED FOR TRANSPORTATION
SEMI CATODO SEMI CATODO
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 81
16462.58 22002200
4600
21862
300
TRANSPORTATION STUDY
Carlo Rubbia, 4/9/00, SPSC 2000
Slide 82
Conclusions
O Assembly of the T600 is quite advanced: within few months the internaldetector of the first half-module will be completed, an additional month isrequired to complete the installation of the external devices. Realistically,the first 20 m long tracks should be seen early next year.
O Given our past record with all previous prototypes, we are confident thatalso the T600 will come into operation smoothly.
O The T600, operated in the LNGS in the course of next year should allowan appropriate scaling up for the final module (a linear factor 2). The fullengineering report will be finalised after the successful operation of T600
O Following the recommendation of SPSC,the ICARUS technology, once itis scaled to the “right” size, will become a powerful tool in particlephysics, in particular in order to explore neutrino oscillations both fromcosmic rays and CNGS and proton decay.
O The previous, remarkable contributions of bubble chambers especially inthe domain of neutrino physics are a good justification of our effort.