ICAO SAR WORKSHOP Belgrade, Serbia 16-18 Sept. 2019

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The Programme

Operational Activity

Enhancements

The System

• Mission • History • Organization

• Beacons • Space Segment • Ground Segment • SAR Point of Contacts

• SAR Events • False Alerts • Beacon Population • Interference

• MEOSAR • Return Link Service • ELT(DT) • 2nd Generation Beacon • IBRD

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The Programme • Mission • History • Organization

“The International Cospas-Sarsat Programme provides accurate, timely and reliable distress alert and location data to help SAR authorities assist persons in distress.” Since 1982, Cospas-Sarsat has directly or indirectly provided assistance in rescuing more than 50,000 persons in 15,000 SAR events.

(Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poiska Avariynich Sudov - Search And Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking system Système d’Aide aux Recherches et au sauvetage par SATellite)

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The Programme • Mission • History • Organization

2019 40th Anniversary of the MoU

1970 121.5 MHz Signal

Sarsat (Canada, France, USA) & 1978 co-operation Cospas (USSR)

1979 MoU (Canada, France, USA, USSR)

1982 1st Cospas

1983 1st Sarsat

1985 LEO SAR

System Operational

ICSPA 1988

406 MHz 1989

GEO SAR 1995

MEO SAR EOC 2016

End of 121.5 MHz 2009

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The Programme • Mission • History • Organization

Space Segment Providers

Ground Segment Providers

User States Observers

“Cospas-Sarsat co-operates with ICAO, IMO, ITU and other international organizations to ensure the compatibility of the Cospas-Sarsat distress alerting services with the needs, the standards and the applicable recommendations of the international community.”

Over 200 Countries and Territories served.

45 Participants

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The System

• Beacons • Space Segment • Ground Segment • SAR Point of Contacts

406 MHz Digital Signal + reduced 121.5 MHz homing signal: • Country Code • Beacon Type • Identification • (Position)

EPIRB for maritime PLB for multi-purpose / multi-environment ELT for aviation

ELT coding protocols (G.005 - T.001) • Type Approved Certificate number + Serial Number • ICAO 24-bit address • Operator ID + Serial Number • Aircraft Registration Markings (no position) • (National ID)

Typed-approved by Cospas-Sarsat (TAC)

S.007 Handbook of Beacon Regulations (per Admin.) 6

The System

• Beacons • Space Segment • Ground Segment • SAR Point of Contacts

LEO SAR 5 satellites 800 km - Doppler effect detection (delay), independent position, polar coverage GEO SAR 9 satellites 36,000 km - Digital signal detection detection, position if transmitted, (no polar cov.) MEO SAR 3 constellations (+1) 20,000 km - Time of Arrival + Doppler detection, independent position, polar coverage return link service (RLS)

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The System

• Beacons • Space Segment • Ground Segment • SAR Point of Contacts

Network FTP-VPN and AFTN (AHMS) QMS Quality Management System - Monitoring

LUT Local User Terminal Tracking - Decoding - Filtering MCC Mission Control Center Analysing – Forwarding to other MCCs - 6 nodal MCCs - 25 regular MCCs (+4 UD) Alerting SPOCs

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The System

• Beacons • Space Segment • Ground Segment • SAR Point of Contacts

A.001 Data Distribution Plan (logic & recipients)

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SPOC Officially-designated SAR Point of

Contact

(Usually RCCs) served by an MCC

Notification of Country of Registration

(NOCR)

in charge of SRR where the beacon is

located

“First RCC” (see IAM SAR Manual) MCC – SPOC Agreement

Listed on the dedicated Cospas-Sarsat Webpage

Contact details

(Back-up MCC)

G.007 RCC Handbook

The System

• Beacons

• Space Segment

• Ground Segment

• SAR Point of

Contacts

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Registration is mandatory for ELTs

(per ICAO Annex 10 - Vol III, section 5)

Access 24/7 to SAR authorities 15-Hex ID

ELT manufacturer, TAC (~model) number and

S/N

Contact details of the owner, operator and

emergency c.

A/C manufacturer and type, color.

National registry; or

International Beacon Registration Database IBRD www.406registration.com

National Data Provider; or

Individual registration (no check).

The System

• Beacons

• Space Segment

• Ground Segment

• SAR Point of

Contacts

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Operational Activity

• SAR Events • False Alerts • Beacon Population • Interference

Type Events Persons Rescued

Aviation 160 326 Maritime 348 1,246

Land 396 613 Total 904 2,185

Data not Used Events

Aviation 213 Maritime 97

Land 22 12

Operational Activity

• SAR Events • False Alerts • Beacon Population • Interference

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Operational Activity

• SAR Events • False Alerts • Beacon Population • Interference

Saves Since September 1982

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2018 ELT EPIRB PLB All Types

36,474 alerts 97.97% 96.64% 90.50% 96.85%

Operational

Activity

• SAR Events

• False Alerts

• Beacon Population

• Interference

Category Number Alerts Reported and Percentage

ELT EPIRB PLB All Types

Beacon Mishandling 6,661 58.47% 2,691 39.09% 840 58.25% 10,192 51.69%

Beacon Malfunction 687 6.03% 502 7.29% 72 4.99% 1,261 6.39%

Mounting Failure 13 0.11% 86 1.25% 3 0.21% 102 0.52%

Environmental 121 1.06% 449 6.52% 5 0.35% 575 2.92%

Voluntary Actions 467 4.10% 127 1.85% 85 5.89% 679 3.44%

Unknown 3,444 30.23% 3,029 44.00% 437 30.31% 6,910 35.04%

Total Number 11,393 6,884 1,442 19,719

2019 Report template was modified for monitoring Maintenance Testing

Activity 15

Operational Activity

• SAR Events • False Alerts • Beacon Population • Interference

Beacon Type 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 ELT (70.1) 269,872 303,219 324,000 335,614 386,958 EPIRB (82.0) 896,446 1,002,528 937,226 979,814 987,048 PLB (75.5) 612,101 691,278 736,177 787,561 875,267

Total 1,778,419 1,997,025 1,997,403 2,104,989 2,249,273

2018: ELT +15% vs. All type +7%

Beacon Type 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

ELT 259,510 267,123 274,246 280,184 266,253

EPIRB 709,921 770,464 817,384 857,009 887,683

PLB 577,786 635,593 697,668 741,693 781,305

Total 1,547,217 1,673,180 1,789,298 1,878,886 1,935,241 2018: ELT -5% vs. All type +3%

1- Declared by Administrations / Registration Rate (~75.1%)

2018 Units > 2,000,000 (~320,000 ELTs)

GNSS 63% (87.4% produced)

2- Produced by Manufacturers (10-year-life expectancy)

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Operational Activity

• SAR Events • False Alerts • Beacon Population • Interference

• Part of the System based on on-board repeaters

• 83 main sources in 2018

• Reports sent to ITU to protect the 406.0 – 406.1 MHz band

Eastern Europe Middle East Afghanistan – Pakistan India China Philippines

Brazil

R.007 “Annual Report” 17

Enhancements

• MEOSAR • Return Link Service • ELT(DT) • 2nd Generation Beacon • New IBRD

Medium-altitude Earth Orbiting satellite system for Search And Rescue

3 Constellations: GALILEO, GPS II and III, GLONASS (BeiDou) [~100 spacecraft] Redundancy and robustness Instantaneous global coverage Real-time independent location Single burst location Accuracy <5km, <10’, 95% (up-to 100m)

Based on • Time of Arrival (TOA)of the beacon signal to

the Ground Station via multiple satellites (<>GNSS) • Frequency of Arrival (FOA) of the signal

to the Ground Station via multiple satellites (~Doppler Effect)

Challenge Constellation compatibility Distribution of a single distress alert to SPOC (analysing and filtering) Refreshment rate of distress alert Location of moving beacons (Doppler effect measurement affected)

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Enhancements

• MEOSAR • Return Link Service • ELT(DT) • 2nd Generation Beacon • New IBRD Return

Link Service

Return

Link Service Provider

Cospas-Sarsat Ground Segment

GNSS Downlink

406 MHz

1,544 MHz

Type 1 - CS Position Confirmation 19

Enhancements

• MEOSAR • Return Link Service • ELT(DT) • 2nd Generation Beacon • New IBRD ELT Distress Tracking

Transmission of 406 bursts 5 sec / 5-120 sec 10 sec / 120-300 sec 30 sec / 300 sec +

Cancellation function Same means of activation

Self-operating life-time >370 min (=EDTO/ETOPS) Temp. range -55° / +70° C

GNSS receiver (FGB) + independent position (SGB) 3D position + Time

“Crash-survivable” ELT(DT) Same Hex ID 406 >24 hrs (pre + post-crash time) 121.5 Homing signal >48h

“Deployable” ELT(DT) Same Hex ID 406 > 370 min + 24 hrs

T.001 “Specification for 406 beacons” 20

Enhancements

• MEOSAR • Return Link Service • ELT(DT) • 2nd Generation Beacon • New IBRD

406 Second Generation Beacon 23 Hex ID + Rotating field

Any type of vehicle information 3D GNSS position / Speed Remaining battery capacity Homing (AIS optional) RLS (optional)

Wide Band

Optimized for MEOSAR independent location (down to 100m)

T.018 “Specification for SGBs”

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Enhancements

• MEOSAR • Return Link Service • ELT(DT) • 2nd Generation Beacon • New IBRD

International Beacon Registration Database

All new beacon types (SGBs, ELT(DT)s, RLS) Friendly-mobile designed Faster registration (Bar/QR code) More additional information (e.g., Photos) Temporary activity Enhanced filtering & sorting capability Enhanced upload & download capability (GDPR* compatible)

(*)EU General Data Protection Regulation D.00x “IBRD Documentation”

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Association

as a User State Participate to C/S Meetings to

Learn more on Cospas-Sarsat Derive full benefit of the System knowledge Discuss the beacons standards Improve the alert data distribution Discuss the System evolution Bring your feedback and experience

Membership: CAD 68,000 ~ USD 50,000 / year

P.007 “Guidelines for Participating in the Cospas-Sarsat System”

as a Ground Segment Provider Acquire/Manage your own data

Manage your Mission Control Center Receive your own alerting data Share the data via the C/S Network (Distribute the data to SPOCs)

as a Space Segment Provider Contribute to the Space alerting system

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Thanks for your attention

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