IBS Intergration Service V100R002 Technical Guide(LTE Link Budget) 01-ZH
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Department Name Confidentiality Level
LTE Solutions Design Department Confidential
Document IssueTotal 48 Pages
V2.0
Guide to LTE Link Budget for Indoor Coverage(For Internal Use Only)
Prepared by Li Yadong, Zhang Hao Date 2012-07-27
Reviewed by Date
Approved by Date
Authorized by Date
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All rights reserved
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Change History
Date Version Change Description Author
2012-05-25 V1.0 Completed the draft. Liu Yadong (ID: 00168824)
2012-07-31 V2.3Modified the document based on
review comments.Zhang Hao (ID: 00133579)
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Contents
Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ 4
1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 6
2 Link Budget for DBS+DAS Coverage ....................................................................................... 7
2.1 Design of Link Budget Algorithms ................................................................. ................................................. 7
2.1.1 Function .................................................................................................................................................. 7
2.1.2 Algorithm Design ............................................................. .................................................................... ... 9
2.2 Parameter Settings ................................................................... ...................................................................... . 22
2.2.1 Scenario Parameter ............................................................................................................................... 22
2.2.2 Coverage Dimensioning Parameters ..................................................................................................... 25
2.2.3 RND Application .................................................................................................................................. 28
3 Link Budget for Pico Coverage ................................................................................................. 31
3.1 Design of Link Budget Algorithms ................................................................. ............................................... 31
3.1.1 Function ................................................................................................................................................ 31
3.1.2 Algorithm Design ............................................................. .................................................................... . 33
3.2 Parameter Settings ................................................................... ...................................................................... . 42
3.2.1 Scenario Parameter ............................................................................................................................... 42
3.2.2 Coverage Dimensioning Parameters ..................................................................................................... 44
3.3 RND Application ........................................................... .................................................................... ............. 45
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronym or Abbreviation Full Name
ACK/NACK Acknowledgment/Not-acknowledgment
AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding
BBU Baseband Unit
BHSA Busy Hour Session Attempt
BLER Block Error Rate
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
CCE Control Channel Element
CINR Carrier-to-Interference and Noise Ratio
CP Cyclic Prefix
CQI Channel Quality Indication
D-BCH Dynamic-Broadcast Channel
DCI Downlink Control Information
DMRS Demodulation Reference Signal
EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power
eNodeB E-URTA Node B
EPRE Energy Per Resource Element
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
FSTD Frequency Switched Transmit Diversity
FTP File Transport Protocol
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
HARQ Hybrid Automatic Retransmission Request
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
IRC Interference Rejection Combining
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
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Acronym or Abbreviation Full Name
LTE Long Term Evolution
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1 OverviewThis document describes the link budget algorithms for the following systems:
1.
Indoor distributed base station (DBS) + distributed antenna system (DAS)
2. Pico
This document provides guidelines for parameter settings in different scenarios as well asusage and specifications of the commercial tool radio network dimensioning (RND).
This document applies to LTE FDD eRAN3.1 and is intended for in-building service (IBS)
and frontline personnel to make plans and designs. The prototype tool used is LTE eRAN3.1FDD Pico & DAS Dimensioning Tool V1.1 (Coverage & Capacity).
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2 Link Budget for DBS+DAS Coverage2.1 Design of Link Budget Algorithms
2.1.1 Function
Link budget for DBS+DAS coverage involves calculation of power, antenna, coverage radius,and data rate.Figure 2-1 shows the procedure of link budget for DBS+DAS coverage.
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Figure 2-1Procedure for DBS+DAS coverage dimensioning
Indoor coverage link budget involves wireless propagation and wired distribution system.
For wireless propagation, the antenna power must be properly planned. The antenna power isdetermined based on the single-antenna coverage distance, designed coverage-edge reference
signal received power (RSRP), and estimated penetration loss. For wired distribution, the loss
from the signal source to the antenna input port must be calculated, including the feedertransmission loss, distribution loss of the splitter and coupler, and dielectric loss (insertionloss).
The eNodeB transmit power can be calculated based on the required antenna power and wired
distribution loss.
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After power calculation, the uplink and downlink coverage-edge data rate can be calculatedbased on the coverage-edge RSRP and signal strength. The number of devices required can be
calculated based on the loss and deployment mode of the wired distribution system.
For detailed description of each calculation step, see section2.1.2.2 "Calculation Procedure."
2.1.2 Algorithm Design
2.1.2.1 Parameter Description
Global parameter
Table 2-1Global parameters of the DBS+DAS system
Parameter Meaning Value Range Default Value
Duplex Mode Duplex mode FDD/TDD FDD
eNB Type eNodeB type Indoor macro
eNodeB/BBU+RRUBBU + RRU
DL PB Downlink power offset 0/1/2/3 1
The indoor distributed eNodeB system uses the following two networking modes:
1. A macro eNodeB is installed in an equipment room and connects to the distributed
antenna system through an RF port on the cabinet top.
2. The BBU and RRU are independently installed and are connected through optical cables
to form a distributed eNodeB system.
Based on the preceding two modes, the dimensioning tool builds different calculation models.
Among global parameters, the power control parameter PB needs to be configured to reduce
the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) power in an orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) symbol and increase the reference signal (RS) power. At the same time,
the total power remains unchanged to expand the downlink pilot coverage of a cell. PBis acell-level parameter used to calculate the offset between the RS Resource Element (RE)
power and the PDSCH RE power. The offset can be calculated as follows: 10 x log (PB + 1)
The value of PB ranges from 1 to 3 and the default value is 1. In this case, the offset is 3 dB.
Scenario Parameter
Scenario parameters define the link-level propagation environment, link gains, and link loss.
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Table 2-2Scenario parameters of the DBS+DAS system
Parameter Meaning Unit Value Range DefaultValue
Morphology Building type Recreation ground, officebuilding, supermarket,hotel, lounge of anairport, exhibition hall,
parking lot
Lounge ofan airport/Exhibitionhall
Number of Floor Number of floorsin the plannedarea
20
Building Length Building length m 150
Building Width Building width m 30
Height of Floor Height of a floor m 5
Sectorization Number of
sectorsm 5
PropagationModel
Propagationmodel
Keenan-Motley/ITU-RP.1238
ITU-RP.1238
Antenna Gain Indoor antenna
gaindBi 2
Mr Cable Type Type of main
feederAVA5 7/8
Br Cable Type Same-floor feeder
typeAVA5 7/8
eNB Location eNodeB location Edge/middle Middle
Weak CurrentWell Location
Location of weakcurrent well
Corner/MiddleLongSide/MiddleWideSide/Center
Corner
Standard Power Standard power dBm First-class: 15
Second-class: 23
15
Edge RSRP Coverage-edge
RSRPdBm -105
Expected Radius Expected antenna
coverage radiusm 20
Insert Loss Insertion loss dB 0.3
Band Width System
bandwidthMHz 1.4/3/5/10/15/20 10
UL Frequency Uplink frequency MHz 2600
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Parameter Meaning Unit Value Range DefaultValue
DL Frequency Downlink
frequencyMHz 2600
Area Cov. Prob. Area coverage
probability95%
In addition, the dimensioning tool builds models based on typical feeders possibly used in the
indoor distribution system.
Table 2-3Cable loss in the DBS+DAS system
EnbCabType Cable
Size
EnbCabLoss100m (dB)
700MHz
900MHz
1700MHz
1800MHz
2.1GHz
2.3GHz
2.5GHz
LDF4 1/2" 6.009 6.855 9.744 10.058 10.961 11.535 12.09
FSJ4 1/2" 9.683 11.101 16.027 16.57 18.137 19.138 20.11
AVA5 7/8" 3.093 3.533 5.04 5.205 5.678 5.979 6.27
AL5 7/8" 3.421 3.903 5.551 5.73 6.246 6.573 6.89
LDP6 5/4" 2.285 2.627 3.825 3.958 4.342 4.588 4.828
AL7 13/8" 2.037 2.333 3.36 3.472 3.798 4.006 4.208
Device Parameter
Typical device parameters on the eNodeB and UE sides are designed as follows: Different
parameters are used for the uplink and downlink. Default values are typical values used forHuawei or other vendors' devices. CS and PS services are supported and body loss of the UE
is considered for voice services.
Table 2-4Device parameter in the DBS+DAS system (1)
Parameter Meaning Unit Value Range DefaultValue
Initial Sectorization Number of initialized
sectors5
eNB Antenna Gain eNodeB antenna gain
in the DBS+DAS
system
dBi 2
eNB Max Power Maximum power of
the eNodeBdBm 46
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Parameter Meaning Unit Value Range DefaultValue
eNB Body Loss Body loss dB CS: 3
PS: 0
0
eNB Noise Figure Noise coefficient of
the eNodeBdB 2
Table 2-5Device parameter in the DBS+DAS system (2)
Parameter Meaning Unit ValueRange
DefaultValue
UE Max Power Transmit power of the
UE
dBm
23
UE Antenna Gain Antenna gain of theUE
dBi 0
UE Body Loss Body loss of the UE dB CS: 3
PS: 0
0
UE Noise Figure Noise coefficient of
the UEdB 7
UE Cable Loss Cable loss of the UE dB 0
2.1.2.2 Calculation Procedure
Input of Function-related Parameters Standard Power: indicates the standard power (in dBm) of all bandwidths for the antenna.
The default value is 15.Expected Radius: indicates expected coverage radius (in m). Thedefault value is 15.
Expected RSRP: indicates the expected coverage-edge RSRP (in dBm). The default value
is105.
UL/DL RBUsed: indicates the number of RBs used on the uplink and downlink. The
default value is 4 on the uplink and downlink, respectively.
Intermediate Calculation Result
1. Calculate the antenna power and determine the actual coverage radius.
For details about how to determine the antenna coverage radius, see the coverage radius intypical scenarios. Indoor propagation loss is related t to the propagation environment and
frequency band, as shown inTable 2-6.
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Table 2-6Relationship between the antenna coverage radius, scenario, and frequency band in theindoor distributed system
Scenario RecreationGround
OfficeBuilding
Supermarket Hotel Exhibition/Loungeof an Airport
ParkingLot
Antenna
coverageradius
(m)
700
MHz16 19 19 16 100 25
800
MHz16 19 19 16 100 25
900
MHz15 18 18 15 100 25
1500
MHz13 16 16 14 80 20
1800
MHz12 15 15 13 60 20
2100
MHz10 14 14 12 50 20
AWS 10 14 14 12 50 20
2300MHz
10 13 13 12 50 20
2600
MHz9 12 12 11 50 18
When LTE networks are deployed with existing GSM/UMTS networks, the antenna coverage
radius in LTE is set to be the same as that of 2G/3G.
You can use the dimensioning tool to check whether the input coverage radius (expected
radius) can cause the antenna power to exceed the maximum power allowed (indoorelectromagnetic radiation standards adopted in the region) based on coverage-edge RSRP
requirements. If yes, the tool automatically uses the maximum power to calculate the radius.
If no, the input antenna coverage radius is used in the plan.
RSEirp = Expected RSRP + PL + SFM + Dl Penetration Loss - UE Antenna Gain + UE CableLoss + UE Body Loss
//Calculate the antenna power of reference signal (RS) based on the coverage-edge RSRPrequirement, link gain, link loss, and link margin.
Eirp = RSEirp 10log (1+ DlPb) + 10log (Antenna Port)
//Antenna Port = 1 for a single antenna; Antenna Port = 2 for double antennas.Calculate theantenna power for an RE-based bandwidth based on the power control parameter Pb and
number of antenna ports.
TotalPower = Eirp + 10log (TotalRB*12)
//TotalRBequals the number of RBs in 100% load.Calculate the antenna power for allbandwidths based on the number of RBs corresponding to the system bandwidth.
If TotalPower
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Actual antenna power = TotalPower
Actual Radius = Expected Radius
//If the all-bandwidth antenna power is less than or equal to the maximum power allowed, the
antenna coverage radius equals the input value of designed radius.Else
Actual antenna power = Standard Power
RSEirp = Standard Power -10log (Dl Load*TotalRB*12) + 10log (1+ DlPb)
//If the all-bandwidth antenna power exceeds the maximum power allowed, recalculate
RSEirp based on the maximum antenna power.
Eirp = RSEirp 10log (1+ DlPb) + 10log (Antenna Port)
PL = RSEirp - Expected RSRP SFM - Dl Penetration Loss
//Calculate Actual Radiusbased on the propagation model and path loss.
End if
2.
Calculate the number of antennas.
After the antenna coverage radius is determined, the number of antennas required in a
coverage area can be calculated.
To calculate the antenna quantity, ensure that uniform coverage is used in indoor scenariosand the antennas are also uniformly distributed. For the perspective of indoor coverage design,
most indoor buildings use standard square structures. Therefore, the number of antennas canbe calculated based on a two-dimensional rectangular structure (length and width).Figure 2-2
shows the antenna distribution model.
Figure 2-2Antenna distribution model
In addition, to ensure the building edges are within the antenna coverage, two spaces ofr
2
2
are reserved along the length side and width side, respectively. r indicates the coverageradius. In this way, the whole plane of the building is within the coverage area. The distance
between two antennas is R and the overlapped area between two antennas must be considered.Considering the coverage along edges of a building, the dimensioning tool defines R as
follows: rR 2
The number of antennas for each floor can be calculated based on the single-antenna coverage
radius as follows:
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AntNumberperfloor a b
where, aand bindicates the number of antennas along the length side and width side,respectively.
Assume that sectors are uniformly distributed among floors since the signal source powerused by each sector is the same. In this case, the number of antennas for each sector is
calculated as follows:
[ ] [ ]AntNumbersSector i AntNumberperfloor FloorsofSector i
3. Calculate the feeder length.
After determining the antenna quantity, you can calculate the required feeder length based on
the antenna distribution conditions. Feeders can be classified into same-floor feeder and mainfeeder.
Same-floor feeder length
The total length of a same-floor feeder depends on the antenna distribution. After the antennadistribution is determined, the feeder length on each floor can be determined. The length ofsame-floor feeder is calculated for material statistics.
The length of same-floor feeder is calculated as follows:
2int( / 1/ 2) *
2BRCableLengthperFloor BuildLength BuildLength R BuildWidth r
Figure 2-3 show the total length of same-floor feeders in blue.
Considering the number of floors in a building, the total length of same-floor feeders iscalculated as follows:
FloorsrgthperFlooBRCableLengthBRCableLen
Figure 2-3Model for calculating the same-floor feeder length
Main feeder length
The method for calculating the main feeder length in indoor macro networking mode is
different from that in the BBU+RRU networking mode.
In indoor macro networking mode, the BBU may be located on the building edge at the
bottom or between two floors. Therefore, the total main feeder length can be calculated basedon the total number of floors (TotNumOfFloors), floor height (FloorHeight), and signal sourcelocation (eNBLocation).
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Figure 2-4Main feeder length calculation in indoor macro networking mode
Figure 2-4 shows that the main feeder length is the total length of all colorful lines.
Select case eNBLocation
MrCableLength=0; MrCableLength_Down = 0; MrCableLength_Up= 0
Case 1:Edge(location)
For i=1 to SectorNum
Temp = MrCableLength + FloorHeight* FloorNumofSector (i)
MrCableLength = temp + FloorHeight* FloorNumofSector
Next i
Where, FloorNumofSector (i)indicates the number of floors within the coverage of sector
i.
Case 2:Middle(location)
SectorMid = RoundDown (SectorNum/2, 0)
For i = 1 to SectorMid - 1
Temp = MrCableLength_Down + FloorHeight * FloorNumofSector (i)
MrCableLength_Down = Temp + FloorHeight * FloorNumofSector (i)Next i
For i = SectorMid to SectorIndex
Temp = MrCableLength_Up + FloorHeight* FloorNumofSector (i)
MrCableLength_Up = Temp + FloorHeight * FloorNumofSector (i)
Next i
MrCableLength = MrCableLength_Down + MrCableLength_Up
End select
In BBU+RRU networking mode, an RRU may use optical cables and the RRU is located inthe middle of a sector. Therefore, the BBU location and sector quantity do not affect the main
feeder length.
The formula for calculating the main feeder length in BBU+RRU networking mode is asfollows:
MrCableLength = TotNumOfFloors * FloorHeight
4.
Calculate insertion loss.
After antenna distribution is determined, the device quantity required for networking and
other link loss, expect for cable loss, can also be determined. Insertion loss involves passivedevices, including heat loss and connector loss caused by a splitters and a coupler. As the heat
loss is small, the connector loss is generally less than 0.5 dB. The insertion loss is defined as0.3 dB for each device during calculation.
The number of devices required for each floor (DeviceNumperFloor) can be calculated based
on the model shown inFigure 2-5.
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Figure 2-5Device quantity calculation
Considering the floor quantity and networking mode, the total number of devices required fornetworking is calculated as follows:
TotalDeviceNum = DevieceNumperFloor * Build Floor + Build FloorSector Num//in
indoor macro networking mode
TotalDeviceNum = DevieceNumperFloor * Build Floor + Build Floor2*Sector Num//in
BBU+RRU networking mode
Points to consider in calculation are as follows:
The purpose of calculating the antenna quantity and device quantity is to estimate the link loss.In engineering construction, the installation locations of antennas and devices may be
different from those designed in the model. Therefore, you need to reserve a certain marginduring engineering dimensioning.
5.
Calculate the maximum power.
After the antenna power, antenna distribution, and loss are determined, the eNodeB transmitpower used to meet the coverage requirement can be calculated.
Power required for each floor
Power per Floor = FloorPowerCalc (location of the weak current well; actual antenna power
eNodeB antenna gain, 100-m cable loss, Sqr (2) x ActualRadius, insertion loss, a, b)
The dimensioning tool calculates the power per floor based on the following location of a
weak current well: corner, MiddleLongSide, MiddleWideSide, or center, as shown inFigure2-6.This document does not describe the calculation formulas in details.
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Figure 2-6Location of weak current well
Power required for each sector
The power per floor is the same and the power per sector is different. This is because the
number of floors covered by each sector is different. The sector power can also be affected by
the type of signal source and therefore can be calculated based on the type of signal source.
Indoor macro eNodeBs:
The sector power can be calculated based on the eNodeB location by referring to the model
for calculating the main feeder length in indoor macro networking mode.
a)
When the eNodeB is located at the bottom of a building, the sector power is calculated as
follows:
1 floorP P
For = 1 to (1) 1NumFloorsofSector //Consider the number of floors in sector 1.
100
10 10[1] 10 lg(10 10 )
floori PP MrCableLossPer FloorHeight
InnerSectorMaxPowerRequiredSector InsertLoss
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End for
[1] [1] 100*
( 1 (1))
SectorToRRUMaxPowerRequiredSector MaxPowerRequiredSector MrCableLossPer FloorHeight
TotNumofFloors NumFloorsofSector
//Use the firs-floor power as a benchmark to calculate the power of each floor and then calculate the power of sector 1 based on the
cable loss.
//The power of other sectors can be calculated in the same way.
For = 1 to ( ) 1NumFloo rsofSect or SectorNu m
100
10 10[ ] 10lg(10 10 )floori
PP MrCableLossPer FloorHeight
SectorNum InnerSectorMaxPowerRequiredSector InsertLoss
End for
[ ] [ ] 100
* ( 1 ( ))
SectorNum SectorNumSectorToRRU
SectorNum
MaxPowerRequiredSector MaxPowerRequiredSector MrCableLossPer
FloorHeight TotNumofFloors NumFloorsofSector
b)
When the eNodeB is located between floors, the sector power is calculated as follows:
For = 1 to (1) 1NumFloorsofSector //Consider the number of floors in sector 1.
100
10 10ecRe [1] 10lg(10 10 )
floori PP MrCableLossPer FloorHeight
InnerS torMaxPower quiredSector InsertLoss
End for
ec ecRe [1] Re [1]
100 ( / 2 1 (1) ) *
S torToRRU InnerS tor MaxPower quiredSector MaxPower quiredSector
MrCableLossPer TotNumofFloors NumFloorsofSector FloorHeight
//Use the firs-floor power as a benchmark to calculate the power of each floor and then calculate the power of sector 1 based on the
cable loss.
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//The power of other sectors can be calculated in the same way.
For = 1 to ( ) 1NumFloorsofSector SectorNum
100
10 10ecRe [ ] 10lg(10 10 )
floori PP MrCableLossPer FloorHeight
InnerS torMaxPower quiredSector SectorNum InsertLoss
End for
ec ecRe [ ] Re [ ]
100 ( / 2 ( ) 1) *
S torToRRU InnerS tor MaxPower quiredSector SectorNum MaxPower quiredSector SectorNum
MrCableLossPer TotNumofFloors NumFloorsofSector SectorNum FloorHeight
BBU+RRU:
In BBU+RRU networking mode, an RRU may use optical cables and the RRU is located in
the middle of a sector. Therefore, the BBU location and sector quantity do not affect the mainfeeder length.
1 floorP P //Use the firs-floor power as a benchmark
1 100
10 102 10lg(10 10 )
floorPP MrCableLossPer FloorHeight
P InsertLoss
( )1
2
100
10 10( )
2
10 lg(10 10 )
NumFloorsofSector i
floor
P MrCableLossPer FloorHeightP
NumFloorsofSector iP InsertLoss
( )
2
100
10[ ] 10 lg(2 10 )
NumFloorsofSector iP MrCableLossPer FloorHeight
MaxPowerRequiredSector i
//Calculate the power for the floor above the RRU and that below the RRU and calculate the total sectorpower based on the cable loss.
6.
Calculate the coverage-edge data rate.
After power calculation, the uplink and downlink coverage-edge data rate can be calculated
based on the coverage-edge RSRP and signal strength.
a)
Traffic channel subcarrier EIRP
Uplink subcarrier EIRP = UE Max Power10log (Number of RBs used on the uplink x 12) +
UE Antenna Gain UE Cable LossUE Body Loss
Downlink subcarrier EIRP = RSEirp10log (1+ DlPb) + 10log (Antenna Port)
b)
Minimum signal receive strength of subcarrier
Uplink subcarrier MinSignalStren = Uplink subcarrier EIRPUL PLSFMULPenetration Loss
Downlink subcarrier MinSignalStren = Downlink subcarrier EIRPDL PLSFMDLPenetration Loss
c)
Maximum cable loss
Same-floor cable loss (BrCableLoss):
BrCableLoss = (a + b - 2) * (InsertLoss + BRCable100 * R)//The weak current well is locatedat the corner
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BrCableLoss = (a/2 + b - 2) * (InsertLoss + BRCable100 * R)//The weak current well islocated at the MiddleLongSide.
BrCableLoss = (a + b/2 - 2) * (InsertLoss + BRCable100 * R)//The weak current well islocated at the MiddleWideSide.
BrCableLoss = (a/2 + b/2 - 2) * (InsertLoss + BRCable100 * R)//The weak current well islocated in the center.
Main cable loss (MrCableLoss):
Indoor macro eNodeBs:
MrCableLoss = MRCable100 x Number of floors x Floor height//The eNodeB is located on
the building edge at the bottom.
MrCableLoss = MRCable100 x Number of floors x Floor height/2//The eNodeB is located
between floors.
BBU + RRUMrCableLoss = 0//The BBU connects to the RRU through an optical cable and no loss is
considered.
Then, the maximum cable loss is calculated as follows:
CableLoss = BrCableLoss + MrCableLoss
d)
Subcarrier receive sensitivity
Based on the calculated Cable Loss, the receive sensitivity can be calculated for the uplinkand downlink as follows:
UL Receiver Sensitivity = UL Min Signal Reception + eNB Antenna Gain eNB Body LossCableLoss UL
Interference Margin
DL Receiver Sensitivity = DL Min Signal Reception + UE Antenna GainUE Body LossUE CableLoss
DL Interference Margin
e) SINR and data rate
UL SINR = UL Receiver Sensitivity + 174 - 10 * log (15000) eNB NF
DL SINR = DL Receiver Sensitivity + 174 - 10 * log (15000) UE NF
Based on the uplink and downlink SINR and signal channel, determine two adjacent
modulation orders to have the SINR located between demodulation thresholds correspondingto the two modulation orders. Then, use the linear interpolation method to calculate the code
rates (CodeRate) corresponding to the uplink and downlink SINRs, respectively.
ULEdgeRate = ULRBUsed * ULSchRE*ULModuOrder * ULCodeRate * (1-BLER) - CRC
DLEdgeRate
=DLRBUsed*DLSchRE*DLModuOrder*DLCodeRate*CodeWord*(1-BLER)CRC
where
ULRBUsedindicates the number of RBs used on the uplink.
ULSchRE indicates the number of REs that can be used for services for each pair of RBs.
ULModuOrderindicates the uplink modulation and demodulation order, for example,
64QAM corresponds to modulation order 6 and QPSK corresponds to modulation order 2.
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ULCodeRateindicates the uplink coding rate.
CRCindicates cyclic redundancy code and is 24 bits by default in LTE.
DLRBUsedindicates the number of RBs used on the downlink.
DLSchRE indicates the number of REs that can be used for services for each pair of RBs.
DLModuOrderindicates the downlink modulation and demodulation order, for example,64QAM corresponds to modulation order 6 and QPSK corresponds to modulation order 2.
DLCodeRate indicates the downlink coding rate.
CodeWordindicates the code word used on the downlink, single-stream or dual-stream.
CRCindicates cyclic redundancy code and is 24 bits by default in LTE.
BLER indicates the block error rate and is configured as 10% in the dimensioning tool.
Final Budget Result
Table 2-7Final coverage dimensioning result in the DBS+DAS system
Parameter Meaning Unit
Max Power Required Maximum sector power dBm
BBU Numbers Number of BBUs pcs
RRU Numbers Number of RRUs (number of sectors) pcs
MR Cable Length Total length of main feeder m
BR Cable Length Total length of same-floor feeder m
Antenna Numbers Total number of antennas pcs
Device Numbers Total number of passive devices pcs
Actual Coverage Actual antenna coverage radius m
Actual Edge Power Actual coverage-edge RSRP dBm
Cell Edge Rate Cell-edge data rate kbit/s
2.2 Parameter Settings
2.2.1 Scenario Parameter
2.2.1.1 Morphology
This parameter indicates the building type and has the following options:
Recreation Ground
Office Building
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Supermarket
Hotel
Airport/Show
Park
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual building type and isAirport/Showby default. The building type affects the coverage-edge probability andcalculation result of fading margin.
2.2.1.2 Channel Model
This parameter indicates the indoor signal channel model. Currently, the dimensioning toolsupports the following two models:
Winner II-A1: This signal channel model applies to small office home office (SOHO)scenarios having many rooms and small space, for example, small office, home office,
and hotel. The original definition in 3GPP specifications is as follows:
Winner II-B3: This signal channel model applies to hotspot scenarios having broadindoor space. For example, exhibition center and airport. The original definition in 3GPPspecifications is as follows:
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to
Winner II-A1 by default.
2.2.1.3 Propagation Model
This parameter indicates the propagation model. Currently, the dimensioning tool supports the
following two models:
Keenan-Motley
ITU-R P.1238
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The preceding two propagation models are all based on free-space propagation modelcorrection. ITU-R P.1238 uses different values based on different Frequencyand
Morphology. This can reflect the indoor environment in a true sense and is recommended in
a scenario where there is no special requirement.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set toITU-R P.1238 by default.
2.2.1.4 DL MIMO Scheme
This parameter indicates the MIMO mode used for downlink transmission and has thefollowing options:
12
2x2 SFBC (diversity): Used in scenarios with poor signal conditions; diversity gains are
used to improve the coverage capability.
2x2 MCW (multiplexing): Used in scenarios with good signal conditions; multiplexing
gains are used to enhance the data rate.Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to2x2 MCW by default because the environment for indoor transmission is good.
2.2.1.5 Sight Type
This parameter indicates the indoor line of sight (LOS) type and has the following options:
LOS
NLOS
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to
NLOSby default because cross-wall coverage is required in most cases.
2.2.1.6 UL/DL Penetr Loss
This parameter indicates the uplink and downlink penetration loss (in dB). This parameter is
configured based on the coverage environment and blocking capacity of an obstacle and isgenerally related to the wall thickness and wall quantity.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to20 dB by default on the uplink and downlink.
2.2.1.7 UL/DL Interf Margin
This parameter indicates inter-RAT or intra-RAT interference (in dB). In actual networking,
this parameter reserves the interference margin to prevent signal quality deterioration.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to 2
dB by default on the uplink and downlink.
2.2.1.8 HHO Gain
This parameter indicates the hard-handover gain (in dB). Certain link gains can be brought
when an indoor UE moves and accesses a neighboring cell.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to 2
dB by default because the indoor hard-handover scope is small and the signal strength is notsubstantially different.
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2.2.1.9 UE Tx Power
This parameter indicates the maximum UE transmit power (in dB).
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual device specifications
and is set to 23 dBm by default.
2.2.1.10 UE Antenna Gain
This parameter indicates the UE antenna gain (in dBi).
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual system configurationsand is set to 0 dBi by default.
2.2.1.11 UE Noise Figure
This parameter indicates the UE noise coefficient (in dB).
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual system configurations
and is set to 7 dB by default.
2.2.1.12 UE Cable Loss
This parameter indicates the UE cable loss (in dB).
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual system configurationsand is set to 0 dB by default.
2.2.1.13 UE Body Loss
This parameter indicates the body loss (in dB) on the UE side.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the service type and is set to 0dB for PS services and 3 dB for VoIP services.
2.2.2 Coverage Dimensioning Parameters
2.2.2.1 Building Length
This parameter indicates the building length (in m).
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual building length tobe covered and is set to 150 m by default.
2.2.2.2 Building Width
This parameter indicates the building width (in m).
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual building width to be
covered and is set to 30 m by default.
2.2.2.3 Floor Height
This parameter indicates the floor height (in m).
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual height of a floor to
be covered and is set to 5 m by default.
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2.2.2.4 Building Floors
This parameter indicates the number of floors to be covered.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the number of floors to be
covered and is set to 20 by default.
2.2.2.5 eNB Location
This parameter indicates the location where an eNodeB is located in a building.
Edge //The eNodeB is located at the bottom or top of the building.
Middle //The eNodeB is located in the middle of a building.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual eNodeB location
and is set to Middleby default.
2.2.2.6 Weak Current Well Location
This parameter indicates the location of a weak current well and has the following options:
Corner //The weak current well is located at the corner on a floor.
Middle_LongSide //The weak current well is located in the middle of a floor on thelength side.
Middle_WideSide //The weak current well is located in the middle of a floor on the
width side.
Center //The weak current well is located in the middle of a floor.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual location of a weak
current well and is set to Cornerby default.
2.2.2.7 Insert Loss
This parameter indicates the device insertion loss (in dB).
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual device specifications
and is set to 0.3 dB by default.
2.2.2.8 Br Cable Type
This parameter indicates the same-floor feeder type and is related to calculation of the 100-msame-floor cable loss.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual same-floor feeder
type and is set to AVA5 7/8 by default.
2.2.2.9 Mr Cable Type
This parameter indicates the main feeder type and is related to calculation of the 100-m maincable loss.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual main feeder typeand is set to AVA5 7/8 by default.
2.2.2.10 Initial Sectorization
This parameter indicates the number of initialized sectors and is related to the networking
layout.
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Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the number of floors and is setto 5 by default.
2.2.2.11 eNB Antenna Gain
This parameter indicates downlink transmit antenna gains (in dBi) in the DBS+DAS system.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual product specifications
and is set to 2 dB by default.
2.2.2.12 eNB Max Power
This parameter indicates the maximum eNodeB transmit power (in dBm) in the DBS+DAS
system.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual product specifications
and is set to 46 dBm by default.
2.2.2.13 eNB Noise FigureThis parameter indicates the eNodeB noise coefficient (in dB) in the DBS+DAS system.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual product specificationsand is set to 2 dB by default.
2.2.2.14 UE Max Power
This parameter indicates the maximum UE transmit power (in dBm).
Configuration principle: This parameter is set to 23 dBm for LTE UEs in most cases.
2.2.2.15 UE Body Loss
This parameter indicates the body loss (in dB) on the UE side.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the service type and is set to 0
dB for PS services and 3 dB for VoIP services.
2.2.2.16 UE Noise Figure
This parameter indicates the UE noise coefficient (in dB).
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual product specificationsand is set to 7 dB by default.
2.2.2.17 UE CableLossThis parameter indicates the UE cable loss (in dB).
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual system configurations
and is set to 0 dB by default.
2.2.2.18 Standard Power
This parameter indicates the maximum allowed effective transmit power for a single antenna
in the DBS+DAS system and is units of dBm.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the electromagneticenvironment and is set to 15 dBm (class-1 standards) by default.
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2.2.2.19 Expected Radius
This parameter indicates the expected coverage radius (in m) for a single antenna in theDBS+DAS system.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on coverage requirements and isset to 20 m by default.
2.2.2.20 Edge RSRP
This parameter indicates the expected coverage-edge RSRP (in dBm).
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on coverage requirements and is
set to105 dBm by default.
2.2.2.21 UL/DL RB Used
This parameter indicates the number of RBs used by a coverage-edge UE on the uplink and
downlink.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual resource conditions andis set to 4 on the uplink and 8 on the downlink.
2.2.3 RND Application
The link budget for indoor coverage of the DBS+DAS system is performed as follows byusing the LTE RND V100R008.
Step 1 Create a DBS+DAS link budget project.
Figure 2-7Creating a DBS+DAS link budget project
Step 2
Configure common parameters for the DBS+DAS system.
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Figure 2-8Configuring common parameters for the DBS+DAS system
Step 3
Configure coverage-related parameters for the DBS+DAS system.
Figure 2-9Configuring coverage-related parameters for the DBS+DAS system
Step 4
Obtain the DBS+DAS coverage result.
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Figure 2-10DBS+DAS coverage result
----End
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3 Link Budget for Pico Coverage3.1 Design of Link Budget Algorithms
3.1.1 Function
Indoor link budget for the pico system includes the following two functions:
Calculating the pico coverage radius based on the known cell-edge data rate
Same as macro eNodeBs, perform the following operations:
1.
Obtain system parameters to calculate the effective subcarrier transmit power, subcarrier
receive sensitivity, and required minimum signal receive strength.
2. Calculate the maximum allowed path loss for the uplink and downlink.
3.
Obtain the pico coverage radius based on the propagation model.
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Figure 3-1Procedure for calculating the pico coverage radius based on the known cell-edge datarate
Start
ULinput
information
DLinput
information
CalculateUEEIRP,
picoreceive
sensitivity,and
minimumpicoreceive
strength.
CalculatepicoEIRP,
UEreceivesensitivity,
andminimumUE
receivestrength.
Calculatemaximum
pathlossallowedfor
theuplink.
Calculatemaximum
pathlossallowedfor
thedownlink.
CalculateULcoverage
radius.
CalculateDLcoverage
radius.
Calculatecellcoverageradiusand
single-eNodeBcoveragearea.
CalculatenumberofeNodeBstobe
planned.
End
Calculating the cell-edge data rate based on the known pico coverage radius
Same as macro eNodeBs, perform the following operations:
1.
Obtain system parameters to calculate the effective subcarrier transmit power, maximum
path loss, subcarrier receive sensitivity, and required minimum signal receive strengthfor the uplink and downlink.
2. Obtain the MCS based on the SINR.
3. Calculate the cell-edge data rate.
4.
Calculate the corresponding coverage radius and cell-edge RSRP corresponding to the
cell-edge data rate.
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Figure 3-2Procedure for calculating the cell-edge data rate based on the known pico coverageradius
Start
ULinput
information
DLinput
information
CalculateUEEIRP
anduplinkmaximum
pathloss.
CalculateUEEIRP
anddownlink
maximumpathloss.
Calculateminimum
picoreceivestrength.
Calculateminimum
UEreceivestrength
Calculatepicoreceive
sensitivity.
CalculateUEreceive
sensitivity.
CalculaterequiredSINRandMCS
order.
Calculatecoverage-edgedatarate
basedonthenumberofRBs.
End
3.1.2 Algorithm Design
3.1.2.1 Parameter Description
Global Parameter
Table 3-1
Global parameters for the pico system
Parameter Meaning Value Range Default Value
Duplex Mode Duplex mode FDD/TDD FDD
PDCCH Overhead Downlink control
channel overhead1 to 4 (symbols) 3
DL PB Downlink poweroffset
0/1/2/3 1
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Parameter Meaning Unit Value Range DefaultValue
DL Penetr Loss Downlink
penetrationloss
dB To be configured based
on the building type.30
UL Interf Margin Uplink
interferencemargin
dB To be configured based
on interferenceconditions.
3
DL Interf Margin Downlink
interference
margin
dB To be configured based
on interference
conditions.
3
Edge Cov. Prob. Edge coverage
probabilityTo be calculated. 91.30%
HHO Gain Hard handovergain
dB 2
Device Parameter
Table 3-3Device parameters for the pico system
Parameter Meaning Unit Default Value
Tx Power Pico transmit power dBm 24
Antenna Gain Pico antenna gain dBi 2
Noise Figure Pico noise coefficient dB 6
JumConLoss Jumper and connector loss dB 0.5
Cable Loss Pico cable loss dB 0
Table 3-4Device parameters of the UE
Parameter Meaning Unit Default Value Parameter
Tx Power Transmit power of the
UEdBm 23
Antenna Gain Antenna gain of the UE dBi 0
Noise Figure Noise coefficient of the
UEdB 7
Body Loss Body loss dB 3 dB for voice
services and 0 dB
for PS services
0
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Parameter Meaning Unit Default Value Parameter
Cable Loss Cable loss of the UE dB 0
3.1.2.2 Calculation Procedure
To calculate the coverage-edge data rate based on the known pico coverage radius, pay
attention to the following:
Input of Function-related Parameters
1.
UL/DL cell-edge data rate
2.
UL/DL modulation scheme and coding rate
Intermediate Calculation Result
1.
Calculate the effective transmit power of the transmitter.
Uplink:
PUSCH EIRP = UlActualTransPower 10 x log (12 x UlRbNum) + UE Antenna GainUE
Cable LossUE Body Loss
Downlink:
PDSCH EIRP = DlSCHREPower + Pico Antenna GainPico Cable LossJumper andConnector Loss
Parameter definition:
DlSCHREPower: indicates the minimum transmit power (dBm) of the downlink service RE.
DlRETransPower: indicates the downlink subcarrier transmit power (dBm).
DlSCHREPower_A: indicates the service subcarrier transmit power (dBm) for symbol A.
DlSCHREPower_B: indicates the service subcarrier transmit power (dBm) for symbol B.
DlRsPerOFDM12Carrier_B:indicates the number of REs used by RS on an RB for symbolB.
AntennaPortNum: indicates the number of ports mapped from eNodeB antennas and has thefollowing values.
Table 3-5
Port mapping in various MIMO modes
DL MIMO Scheme Port
1x2 1
2x2 SFBC 2
2x2 MCW 2
AB / : indicates the power linear ratio of symbol B to symbol A, as listed inTable 3-6.
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Table 3-6Mapping between BP
and AB /
BP AB /
One Antenna Port 2 and 4 Antenna Ports0 1 5/4
1 4/5 1
2 3/5 3/4
3 2/5 1/2
DlUnusedREPerOFDM12Carrier_B: indicates the number of REs not used on an RB forsymbol B as listed inTable 3-7.
Table 3-7Number of REs not used among 12 REs for each OFDM symbol
AntennaPortNum DlUnusedREPerOFDM12Carrier_B
1 0
Other 2
DlTotalSCHRENum_B:indicates the total of REs used for data transmission for symbol B.
Calculating the downlink subcarrier transmit powerDlSCHREPower = Min (DlSCHREPower_A, DlTotalSCHRENum_B) +
10log(AntennaPortNum)
Calculate the downlink subcarrier transmit power of symbol A.
DlSCHREPower_A = DlActualTransPower10log(AntennaPortNum)10log(DlRBNeed*12)
Calculate the downlink subcarrier transmit power of symbol B.
DlTotalSCHRENum_B = DlRBNeed*(122) //2 indicates the number of REs used by RS onan RB for symbol B.
DlSCHREPower_B = DlSCHREPower_A + 10log ( AB / ) //Indicates the subcarrier
transmit power for symbol B.
2. Calculate the receiver sensitivity.
In this step, the demodulation threshold for traffic channel is searched based on the cell-edgeMCS. The demodulation threshold is related to the channel type, frequency, and MIMO mode.
Definition of sensitivity
Calculate the uplink receiver sensitivity.
Pico Receiver Sensitivity/Subcarrier =174 + 10log (15000) + Pico NF+UL SINR
Calculate the downlink receiver sensitivity.
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UE Receiver Sensitivity/Subcarrier=174 + 10log (15000) + UE NF + DL SINR
15000is the bandwidth of a single carrier (15 kHz).
174is in units of dBm/Hz and indicates the power spectrum density of back noise.
Determining uplink/downlink SINR
Use the optimized number of uplink RBs being an integer to calculate the effective UL
CodeRatee and obtain the uplink demodulation performance of the corresponding channel.
Then, find the corresponding uplink SINR based on the effective UL CodeRate by using thelinear interpolation method.
Use the number of downlink RBs to calculate the effective DL CodeRate and obtain thedownlink demodulation performance of the corresponding channel. Then, find thecorresponding downlink SINR based on the effective DL CodeRate by using the linear
interpolation method. Consider the factor that the dual-stream coding rate doubles thesingle-stream coding rate.
3.
Calculate the minimum signal receive strength on the receiver side.
Uplink:
UL Min Signal Reception/Subcarrier = Pico Receiver Sensitivity/SubcarrierPico AntennaGainPico Cable LossPico JumperConnectorLoss+UL Interference Margin;
Downlink:
DL Min Signal Reception/Subcarrier = UE Receiver Sensitivity/SubcarrierUE Antenna
GainUE Cable Loss UE JumperConnectorLossUE Body Loss+DL InterferenceMargin;
4. Calculate the maximum allowed path loss.
Uplink:
UL Max Allowed Path Loss = PUSCH EIRP UL Min Signal Reception/Subcarrier
Penetration LossShadow Fading Margin
Downlink:
DL Max Allowed Path Loss = PDSCH EIRP DL Min Signal Reception/SubcarrierPenetration LossShadow Fading Margin
5.
Calculate the coverage radius.
If the propagation model is Keenan-Motley:
Use the Keenan-Motley model to calculate the distance based on the known path loss PL (dB) as follows:
20
)log(205.32
10
fPL
d
where
d indicates the distance (in km) between the eNodeB and the UE antenna.
f indicates the frequency (in MHz).
If the propagation model is ITU-R P.1238:
NOTE
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Use the ITU-R P.1238 model to calculate the distance based on the known path loss PL (dB)as follows:
N
fPL
d
28)log(20
10
where
d indicates the distance (in m) between the eNodeB and the UE antenna.
f indicates the frequency (in MHz).
Nindicates the distance loss coefficient and has the following values:
Frequency RecreationGround/Hotel
OfficeBuilding
Supermarket Lounge of anAirport/Exhibitionhall/ParkingLot
700 MHz, 800 MHz,
900 MHz30 33 22 20
1500 MHz, 1800 MHz,
2100 MHz, AWS, 2300MHz, 2600 MHz
28 30 20 20
The slow fading margin and penetration loss have been considered in other steps and therefore are notincluded in the propagation model formulas.
6. Calculate the cell-edge RSRP.
Coverage-edge RSRP indicates the RSRP based on the minimum coverage radius between the
uplink and downlink and can be calculated as follows:
RSPower = DlSCHREPower_A + 10log (1+Pb)
Where, DlSCHREPower_Aindicates the subcarrier transmit power for symbol A.
Calculate the coupling loss based on the minimum coverage radius between the uplink and
downlink as follows:
CoupleLoss = DL PL (Min(UL Radius, DL Radius))
Pico Antenna Gain + Pico Cable Loss+ Pico Body Loss UE Antenna Gain + UE Cable Loss + UE Body Loss + DL Penetration
Loss + SFM
Where, DL PL (Min (UL Radius, DL Radius)) indicates the downlink path loss based on the
minimum value between uplink radius and downlink radius.
Then,
Coverage-edge RSRP = RSPowerCoupleLoss
7.
Calculate the single-eNodeB coverage area.
NOTE
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Pico sectors described in this document are omni-directional sectors in hexagons in thetopology. The single-eNodeB coverage area can be obtained based on the calculated coverage
radius.
Cover Area per Pico = 3/2*sqr(3)* Effective Radius^2
8.
Calculate the number of eNodeBs to be deployed.
Calculate the number of eNodeBs to be planned based on the number of floors, area of eachfloor, number of floors covered by each pico eNodeB, and single-eNodeB coverage area.
CovAreaPerFloor TotNumOfFloorsNumOfPico
CovAreaPerPico NumOfFloorsPerPico
Final Budget Result
Table 3-8Coverage radius calculated based on the known cell-edge data rate
Parameter Meaning Unit
Coverage Radius Pico coverage radius m
Cover Area per Pico Coverage area of each pico m2
Number of Pico Needed Number of pico eNodeBs required Piece
ESRP Cell-edge RSRP dBm
To calculate the Cell-Edge Data Rate Based on the Known Pico Coverage Radius, Payattention to the following
Input of Function-related Parameters
Number of RBs used on the uplink and downlink: 4 RBs for the uplink and downlink,
respectively.
Intermediate Calculation Result
1. Calculate the effective transmit power of the transmitter.
For details, see section3.1.2 3.1.2.2 "Calculation Procedure."
2.
Calculate the maximum allowed path loss.
If the propagation model is Keenan-Motley:
Use the Keenan-Motley model to calculate the path loss based on the known distance d (m)as follows:
)log(20)log(205.32 dfPL
where
PL indicates the path loss (in dB) corresponding to the distance.
f indicates the frequency (in MHz).
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If the propagation model is ITU-R P.1238:
Use the ITU-R P.1238 model to calculate the path loss based on the known distance d (m)as follows:
28)log()log(20 dNfL
where
PL indicates the path loss (in dB) corresponding to the distance.
f indicates the frequency (in MHz).
The slow fading margin and penetration loss have been considered in other steps and therefore are notincluded in the propagation model formulas.
3.
Calculate the minimum signal receive strength on the receiver side.
UL Min Signal Reception = PUSCH EIRPUL PLUL Penetration Loss SFM
DL Min Signal Reception = PDSCH EIRPDL PLDL Penetration Loss SFM
4.
Calculate the receiver sensitivity.
Uplink:
Pico Receiver Sensitivity/Subcarrier = UL Min Signal Reception/SubcarrierPico Antenna
GainPico Cable LossPico jumperConnectorLoss + UL Interference Margin;
Downlink:
UE Receiver Sensitivity/Subcarrier = DL Min Signal Reception/SubcarrierUE Antenna
Gain
UE Cable Loss
UE JumperConnectorLoss
UE Body Loss + DL InterferenceMargin;
5.
Calculate the required SINR and throughput.
Calculate the uplink/downlink SINR.
Calculate the uplink SINR.
UL SINR =174 10log (15000) Pico NF + Pico Receiver Sensitivity/Subcarrier
Calculate the downlink SINR.
DL SINR = 174 10log (15000) UE NF + UE Receiver Sensitivity/Subcarrier
Select the MCS based on the SINR and calculate the throughput.
Based on the uplink and downlink SINR and signal channel, determine two adjacent
modulation orders to have the SINR located between demodulation thresholds corresponding
to the two modulation orders. Then, use the linear interpolation method to calculate the coderates (CodeRate) corresponding to the uplink and downlink SINRs, respectively.
ULEdgeRate = ULRBUsed*ULSchRE*ULModuOrder*ULCodeRate*(1-BLER)CRC
DLEdgeRate=DLRBUsed*DLSchRE*DLModuOrder*DLCodeRate*CodeWord*(1-BLER)CRC
6. Calculate the cell-edge RSRP.
NOTE
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Cell-edge RSRP indicates the RSRP based on the minimum coverage radius between theuplink and downlink and can be calculated as follows:
RSPower = DlSCHREPower_A + 10log (1+Pb)
Where, DlSCHREPower_A indicates the coverage subcarrier transmit power for symbol A.Calculate the downlink coupling loss as follows:
DlCoupleLoss = DL PLPico Antenna Gain + Pico Cable Loss + Pico Body Loss UEAntenna Gain + UE Cable Loss + UE Body Loss + DL Penetration Loss + SFM
Then:
Cell-edge RSRP = RSPower CoupleLoss
Final Budget Result
Table 3-9
Cell-edge data rate calculated based on the known pico coverage radius
Parameter Meaning Unit
Cell Edge Rate Cell-edge data rate kbit/s
ESRP Cell-edge RSRP dBm
3.2 Parameter Settings
3.2.1 Scenario Parameter
3.2.1.1 Morphology
This parameter indicates the building type and has the following options:
Recreation Ground
Office Building
Supermarket
Hotel
Airport/Show Park
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on the actual building type and is
Airport/Showby default.
3.2.1.2 Channel Model
This parameter indicates the indoor signal channel model. Currently, the dimensioning toolsupports the following two models:
Winner II-A1: This signal channel model applies to SOHO scenarios having many roomsand small space, for example, small office, home office, and hotel.
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Winner II-B3: This signal channel model applies to hotspot scenarios having broadindoor space, for example, exhibition center and airport.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to
Winner II-A1 by default.
3.2.1.3 Propagation Model
This parameter indicates the propagation model. Currently, the dimensioning tool supports thefollowing two models:
Keenan-Motley
ITU-R P.1238
The preceding two propagation models are all based on free-space propagation model
correction. ITU-R P.1238 uses different values based on different FrequencyandMorphology. This can reflect the indoor environment in a true sense.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set toITU-R P.1238 by default.
3.2.1.4 DL MIMO Scheme
This parameter indicates the MIMO mode used for downlink transmission and has thefollowing options:
1x2
2x2 SFBC (diversity):poor signal conditions; diversity gains are used to improve thecoverage capability.
2x2 MCW (multiplexing): good signal conditions; multiplexing gains are used to
enhance the data rate.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to2x2 MCW by default because the environment for indoor transmission is good.
3.2.1.5 Sight Type
This parameter indicates the indoor line of sight (LOS) type and has the following options:
LOS
NLOS
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to
NLOSby default because cross-wall coverage is required in most cases.
3.2.1.6 UL/DL Penetr Loss
This parameter indicates the uplink and downlink penetration loss (in dB). This parameter is
configured based on the coverage environment and blocking capacity of an obstacle and isgenerally related to the wall thickness and wall quantity.
Configuration principle: This parameter is configured based on actual scenarios and is set to20 dB by default on the uplink and downlink.
3.2.1.7 UL/DL Interf Margin
This parameter indicates inter-RAT or intra-RAT interference (in dB). In actual networking,
this parameter reserves the interference margin to prevent signal quality deterioration.
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Figure 3-3Creating a pico link budget project
3. To configure basic parameters, in the displayedNewproject window, click CommonInput Parameters in the navigation tree of the Network Dimensioning area and
configure related parameters in the pane on the right.
Figure 3-4Common parameter input
4.
To calculate the pico coverage radius, in the displayed Newproject window, chooseData Channel Link Budget > Data Channel Cell Radius Budget in the navigation treeof the Network Dimensioningarea, configure related parameters in the pane on the right,
and then clickCalculate.
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Figure 3-6Calculated pico cell-edge data rate