IBM Mainframe HW Anatomy
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Transcript of IBM Mainframe HW Anatomy
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The Hardware Anatomy of
a Typical IBM Mainframe
Environment
By: Ricky Wallsworth
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Hardware history timeline from 1888
1888 Bundy Manufacturing Co. forms
1890 Census Bureau selects Hollerith tabulator
1891 Computing Scale Co. of America forms
1911 Merger creates Computing- Tabulating- Recording Co.
1914 World War I begins
1915 First use of "THINK" signs at C-T-R1924 C-T-R changes name to
International Business Machines Corp.
1925 First meeting of Hundred Percent Club convenes
1929 U.S. stock market crashes; Great Depression begins
1931 600 Series calculating machines1932 U.S. files antitrust suit against IBM
1933 IBM enters typewriter business
1934 IBM employees get insurance plan
1936 King Edward VIII abdicates British throne
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Time Lines1937 IBM takes on "the biggest accounting operation
of all time"
1938 IBM headquarters moves to 590 Madison Ave.
1939 Poland Invaded; World War II begins
1941 IBM joins U.S. war effort
1944 Mark I, IBM's first large-scale calculating computer
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Developed in cooperation with Harvard University, the
Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, or Mark I, is the
first machine to execute long computations automatically.More than 50 feet long, eight feet high, and weighing
almost five tons, the Mark I uses electromechanical relays
to solve addition problems in less than a second. It takes
about six seconds for multiplication, and twice as long for
division -- far slower than any pocket calculator today.
1944Mark I, IBM's first large-scale calculating computer
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Time Lines1945 Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory opens
1945 51 countries sign United Nations charter1947John Bardeen, William Shockley, and
Walter Brattain -- shared the Nobel Prize
for their invention..
The solid state switch or Transistor was born.
1948 Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator
1952 IBM 701
1952 U.S. government files second antitrust suit against IBM
1953 The Manchester Computer developed
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The Manchester Computer1953/55
believed to be the
The first transistor computer anywhere in the world!
54 words of memory
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IBM led data processing in a new direction
with the delivery of the
IBM 305
Random Access Method of Accounting and Control System
(RAMAC)
1956
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Time Lines
1957 Soviets launch Sputnik satellite
1961 IBM Selectric Typewriter
1964 IBM Launch System/360
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April 7, 1964
System/360
The first large "family" of computers to useinterchangeable software and peripheral equipment.
Fortune magazine said "IBM's $5 billion gamble."
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Time Lines
1966 One-transistor memory cell
1968 Cache memory
1969 U.S. astronauts walk on the moon
1969 U.S. files third antitrust suit against IBM
1970 Relational database
1973 "Winchester" disk
1978 Israel, Egypt sign Camp David peace accord
1980 RISC architecture
1981 IBM PC
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IBM launch the Personal Computer (PC)
An overnight sensation selling 136,000 in 18 months
16 kilobytes of memory and one or two 160k floppy disk drives.
System becomes the standard forcing competitorsto brand themselves "IBM-compatible."
1981
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Time Lines1984 Million-bit memory chips
1985 Token-ring network
1990 IBM sells typewriter, keyboard, printer businesses
1990 IBM researchers move individual atoms
1990 Communism collapses in Europe
Berlin Wall dismantled1992 ThinkPad
4 Meg of Ram
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Time Lines1993 Louis V. Gerstner Jr. becomes chairman and CEO
1993 IBM posts record loss
1995 Gerstner declares new focus on network computing
1995 IBM acquires Lotus Development Corp.
1996 IBM acquires Tivoli Systems Inc.
1997 Deep Blue defeats World Chess Champion
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The Z900 Mainframe
Today
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Business drivers
Reduce Manpower (cost)
Higher workload
ReliabilityAccuracy
Cost V benefit
Cost V benefitCost V benefit
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Electronic solutions.
Compelling business enablers or obstacles?
ForFaster
Less manpower
More AccurateReliable
AgainstExpensive
Rare skills neededSlow to adapt and change
Business bottleneck
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Overview of Hardware
From binary switch
To
Z900
At
Warpspeed
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Simple Logic With Switches
Battery
Buzzer
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First ComputerComplex Switch Array
LogicComplex Switch Array
(Relays)Input Switches Output
Control Switches
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Then came the Transistor
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The semiconductor sandwich
(Transistor)
M a t e r ia l ty p e P
M a t e r ia l ty p e N
M a t e r ia l ty p e P
C
E
B
c
e
b
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Home PC
built on early transistors
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Typical (Modern) circuit board with transistors.
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Selectable Mode Logic Array
I
N
P
U
T
S
W
I
T
C
H
E
S
O
U
T
PU
T
L
A
M
P
S
Transistor Logic
Complex Switch Array
Preset
Control
Setting
Preset
Control
Setting
Preset
Control
Setting
Preset
Control
Setting
Select
Switch
Select
Switch
Select
Switch
Select
Switch
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Switch
A locking Transistor Switch
Memory
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Sequenced Logic Array
(Sequenced Computer)
I
N
P
U
T
S
W
I
T
C
H
E
S
O
U
T
PU
T
L
A
M
P
S
Transistor Logic
Complex Switch Array
Memory
Control
Memory
Control
Memory
Control
Memory
Control
Sequencer(Counter/Pointer)
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How many switches ?
Extended Binary Coded
Decimal Interchange
CodeEBCDIC
Adding meaning to Switches (Bits)
ASCIIAmerican Standard
Code for
Information
Interchange
Code Systems
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EBCDIC Table
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I/O Improvements
CPU
ROM RAM
Memory
Addressing
How Many Bits In Address Code (Bus) ?
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The Transistor becomes
the Chip
= 100s
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CPU & MEM Fast
Human & TTY Very Slow
CPU & MEM WaitingNeed
to make batter use of expensive hardware.
faster I/OKeep processor busyTime slicing
Cost Issues
1965
Main memory of the 1130 computing system is a magnetic core storage
with capacity of 4,096 or 8,192 16-bit words.
The basic IBM 1130 computing system will rent for $695 a month
and sell for $32,280. A typical system with disk storage will rent for
$895 a month and will cost $41,230.
In Today's Money: 340,000 @5% compound
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Solution
New Input devices
Paper Tape
CardMagnetic Tape
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TAPES
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Problems with Tape
Stop/Start control & Endurance
Inter-record gaps
Locate Time
Slow
Human Intervention
TTY messages
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TTY Becomes a VDU
3270 is born
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Progress so far
Processor & Memory very fast
Paper tape/card/Mag tape
Require manual interventionVery slow
Unreliable
Poor access times
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Solution
Direct Access Storage Device (DASD)The disk is born
Inter-record gaps still an issue
Head movement a new problem
Indexing/Structured Files
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New Problem
Disks (DASD) complex Need intelligence
The controller becomes a standard
Scalability
Flexibility
Vendor independence
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Status
Many I/O choices But
Processor much faster
Processor Still relatively expensiveProcessor Still waiting most of the time
Solution:
Multi threading / Time slicing
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Multi threading / Time slicing
Requires more memory
Addressing becomes a problem
24 bit addressing required (16meg)
Channel architecture becomes standard
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Progress So Far
Disk Unit
Controller
Tape Unit
Controller
Disk Unit
Controller
Channel
CPU
Processor
Memory
Processor
Supervisor
Channel Channel
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Business Pressure
Pressure to exploit increases
Need to reduce relative cost
More requests for processingMore demand on multi processing
Memory becomes a cost bottle neck
Virtual Storage/Paging
D t i t
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Data input
A new problem
Punch Tape ?
Punch Cards ?
Magnetic Tape ?
Disk ?
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SolutionVDUs
Cabling & Limitations
3270 Protocol
Local Controllers
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The Network is Born
More console messages
Users demand Remote access
Network ControllersTP software
Need more power
More CPUs
More Channels
Addressing Moves to 32 bit. 4 Gig
S
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Progress So Far
Tape
Unit
Tape
Unit
DASD
Unit
DASD
Unit
DASD
Unit
Network
Controller
Network
Controller
Local
Controller
Local
Controller
CPU
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New issues
Massive Throughput
Total dependence
Change ControlDisaster Recovery
Console Management
Tape Management
Disk Management
Network Management
M P N d d
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More Power Needed
(Scalability)
Tape
Tape
DASD
DASD
DASD
NCP
NCPLC
LC
CPU
Tape
Tape
DASD
DASD
DASD
NCP
NCPLC
LC
CPU
PARARELL SYSPLEX
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Commercial challenges
ExpensiveUpper quartile skill sets
Slow to adapt
Users look for Solution that isCheaperMore Flexible
PCs
Token Ring
Ethernet
IP is born
TCP/IP is born
IBM Lose the plot !
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Solution
Personal ComputingDistributed Networks
Flexibility
Apparent Low Cost
But..Routers/Hubs/Switches
Backup/Disaster Recovery
Support
Management
Actual Cost
Scalability
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Until Z900
FeaturesMultiple 20 way processor units (16 user)
Parallel Sysplex (32 x 16way)
64 bit addressing
Super high density (47 Billion Transistors)
Smaller SizeNone Disruptive maintenance
2,500 Mips
256 Escon channel ports
24 Gb Ficon
5-64 Gb Sram
18,446,744,073,709,551,616 Virtual (2 Power 64) With ZOS
TCP/IP Consol support
2000 SSL transactions / Second
3000 million transactions / day
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Comments on SoftwareFirmware
Partitioning
Boot management
Hardware Monitoring
Operating SystemI/OPaging
Application Services
System ManagementApplications
Online
Batch
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Presenters Comment
First Automate the Back Office
Then Automate the Front OfficeNow Automate the Customer !
The Web
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