IBM Cloud Storage Options

© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015. Technical University/Symposia materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM.

sCV4758IBM’s Cloud Storage Options

� Tony Pearson

� Master Inventor and Senior IT Specialist

� IBM Corporation

2IBM Systems Technical University, October 5-9 | Hilton Orlando


Abstract

This session will cover private and public cloud storage options, including Flash, Disk and Tape to address the different types of cloud storage requirements

The use of Active File Management for local space management and global access to files, and support for file-and-sync will also be explained.



This week with Tony Pearson

Day Time TopicMonday 10:15am Opening Session – Storage

01:45pm IBM's Cloud Storage Options

Tuesday 11:30am Software Defined Storage -- Why? What? How?

03:15pm The Pendulum Swings Back –Understanding Converged and Hyperconverged Environments

04:30pm New Generation of Storage Tiering: Less Management Lower Cost and Increased Performance

Wednesday 09:00am What Is Big Data? Architectures and Practical Use Cases

01:45pm Data Footprint Reduction – Understanding IBM Storage Efficiency Options

03:15pm IBM Spectrum Virtualize – SVC, Storwize and FlashSystem V9000 (repeats Friday)

Thursday 10:15am IBM Spectrum Scale and Elastic Storage Offerings

01:45pm IBM Spectrum Scale for File and Object storage

03:15pm IBM Storage Integration with OpenStack

05:45pm Storage -- Meet the Experts

Friday 10:15am IBM Spectrum Virtualize – SVC, Storwize and FlashSystem V9000



© Copyright IBM Corporation 2015

The Technology and the Business Side of Cloud

Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.*

* Source: U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (nist.gov)

Technology Side… … Business Side



What IT Departments Need to Know

The IT department is in direct competition with Off-Premise

alternatives for Lines of Business funding

On-PremiseSome workloads require a level of security, availability or government

compliance

Off-PremiseSome workloads might find Public

Cloud is good enough to do it justice at a reasonable price

Traditional IT Private Cloud

Dedicated

Hybrid Cloud

Mixed

Public Cloud

Shared



OpenStack IBM Cloud Manager x86-based

IBM is a platinum sponsor of OpenStack Foundation

OpenStack open source codecan manage IBM compute, network and storage resources OpenStack supports x86, POWER Systems and z System mainframe

IBM offers Cinder interfaces on most of its major storage products and Swift interfaces for object access

IBM Cloud is based on OpenStack open source code, with value-added proprietary features from IBM

IBM Cloud Orchestrator andIBM Cloud Manager with OpenStack support a variety of server hypervisors

IBM Spectrum Control™ provides reporting and provisioning. IBM SmartCloud Cost Management provides chargeback capabilities

VMware and Microsoft are entirely proprietary, but have large market share for x86-based server infrastructure

IBM was VMware’s first OEM and joint development partner (since 1998). IBM Global Services is one of VMware’s largest customers

IBM and Microsoft agreement to offer SQL Server and .NET on IBM Cloud and IBM software on Microsoft Azure

“Some assembly required” Enterprise-ready out of the box

x86, POWER systems and z System mainframe Concerns about vendor lock-in

IBM is Focused on these Software Defined Environments



Dominant Players vs. Contender platforms

OperatingSystems

TapeDrives

Cloud Management

Big Data & Analytics

DominantPlayer(s)

MicrosoftWindows

Quantum DLT

Amazon Web Services

Cloudera

Contender platform

Linux LinearTape Open (LTO)

OpenStack Open Data Platform

Supporters of Contenderplatform

IBM, RedHat, SUSE, Oracle andothers

IBM, HP, Certance and others

IBM, HP, Rackspace, RedHat, Dell, Cisco, VMware and others

IBM, Pivotal,Hortonworks and others



Deliver Management Solutions

Perform Optimizations

Contribute Platform Support

� IBM Cloud Orchestrator � IBM Cloud Manager with OpenStack� IBM PowerVC� IBM Spectrum Control

� Live upgrades� Security and authentication� OVF Images� Membership services� Globalization translation integration� QA enhancements� IBM DB2 support

� PowerKVM, KVM, z/VM � IBM DS8000, Storwize, SVC, XIV� IBM Spectrum Scale� IBM SDN for VE, OpenFlow Switches

IBM OpenStack Platform

IBM Contributions

HEAT Orchestration

OpenStack IaaS APIs

TOSCA

Nova Cinder Neutron

IBM Unique Value

Swift

Drivers

IBM is committed to OpenStack with contributions and added value

Drivers Drivers Drivers Drivers

Manila



Cloud Storage Taxonomy

Reference Storage

• Archives• Images/Video• WORM/NENR

Ephemeral Storage

• Typically boot volumes, page files and temporary data

• Goes away when VMis shutdown

Persistent Storage

• Persists across VM reboots

• Can be shared between VMs

• Transactional• High Performance

Storage as the Storage CloudStorage for Compute Cloud

Hosted Storage

• File and Object access• File Sync & Share• Backup/Disaster Recovery



Cloud Storage Overview

Block

File

Object

Archival

Online

Ephemeral

Persistent

• Block storage offerings are differentiated by speed/throughput (as measured in IOPS) and segmented by lifecycle of the disk. Device location does not matter.

• Ephemeral storage is tied to the lifecycle of a single VM (i.e. it is provisioned when the VM is provisioned and destroyed when the VM is destroyed)

• Persistent storage has a lifecycle independent of any single VM and can be provisioned/destroyed at any time and attached/detached to many VMs during it’s life

• File-based offerings are uncommon among providers, especially among those targeting cloud native applications

• Primarily targeted at cloud enabled workloads

• Usage is being replaced in new application development with online object storage

• Object storage offerings are differentiated by the durability of the data (i.e. odds of irrecoverable loss) and segmented by the availability of the data (i.e. time required to retrieve)

• An object in online storage is immediately accessible

• An object in archival storage may require minutes to hours to be accessible



Software Defined Storage – Block level Access

XIV

FICONz/OSz/TPF

z/VSEz/VM

Linux on z

FCPLinuxWindows

UNIXVMware

…

iSCSILinuxWindows

UNIXVMware

…

LAN

InfiniBand

DS8000

FlashSystem900

Software Defined Environment

OpenStack IBM Cloud x86-based

IBM Spectrum Accelerate™

SAN



XIV – Radical Simplicity but with Enterprise-Class features

Radical simplicity– Breakthrough GUI, CLI and

Mobile App

– OpenStack, IBM Cloud, VMware, Microsoft and RESTful APIs

Low-touch management– No RAID groups

– Extreme ease of use across all functionality

– Create volume, resize volume, take snapshot,

mirror volume

Self Tuning / Self Healing– Ultra fast rebuild times

– No manual performance optimization

– No hotspots, no tuning

– Not even when adding capacity!

Enterprise-class Software features

– QoS performance classes

– Thin provisioning and space reclamation

– IBM Hyper-Scale consistency and mobility

– Advanced reporting

– Data at rest encryption

– Performance acceleration with Flash cache

– Snapshots and remote mirroring

– Data migration from other disk systems



XIV Multi-Tenancy for Cloud Deployments

Control what users and administrators can do

Define users internally or in external LDAP

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)• Storage Administrator• Security Administrator• Application

Administrator• Read-Only

Control what objects they can access

Domain Administrators can be assigned to one or more XIV domains

• No visibility to other domains

User Groups can be associated to specific hosts so they can only do Snapshots and Mirroring on the associated volumes



IBM XIV Scalability – Introducing Hyper-Scale

CPU +Cache

CPU +Cache

SingleFrame

Multi-Frame

IBM Hyper-Scale Manager• Up to 144 XIV arrays managed as a single system• Elastic, easily add or remove frames• QoS and management policies• XIV SW license – all inclusive

IBM Hyper-Scale Mobility• Non-disruptive data mobility• Transparent to host applications

IBM Hyper-Scale Consistency• Application consistency across arrays for snapshots

CPU +Cache

CPU +Cache

CPU +Cache

Up to 15XIV modules

Traditional Approach to Scalability• Limited to 2-7 frames/system• Short cables limit distance• System-wide outages• Unfavorable CPU+Cache to disk ratio

degrades performance



3-15Modules

What’s Different about IBM Spectrum Accelerate?

12 SED1, 2, 3, 4, 6 TB

Optional SSD500, 800 GB

6 cores24-48 GB RAM

FCP Ethernet IB

FCP Ethernet IB

6-15Modules

Host FCP+ Hyper-Scale

Mobility

Host iSCSI+ Mgmt

Inter-node

6-12 HDD, JBOD1, 2, 3, 4 TB

Optional SSD500-800 GB

4-20 cores32-128 GB RAM

VMware ESXi 5.5

Ethernet

Ethernet

Host iSCSI+ Inter-node+ Management

Pre-built System Software-only



VM 2

IBM Spectrum Accelerate for Block-Level Hyperconvergence

� Enables the IT administrator to single-handedly manage the entire data center stack

� Allows hardware standardizationof network, compute, storage, power and environmentals

� Leverages existing Data Center services and maintenance contracts

� Simplifies the architecture when lacking specialized, domain-specific skill sets

Ethernet

Interconnect

Hypervisor

Spectrum Accelerate

Spectrum Accelerate

Spectrum Accelerate

Hypervisor

iSCSI

Hypervisor

VM 1

VM 4

VM 6

iSCSI

iSCSI

VM 3

VM 5

iSCSI



IBM Spectrum Accelerate – Flexible licensing & pricing

Unit price forusable TBsTB = 240

Time

How client deploys over time

monthly

perpetual

Grid A

Grid B

Grid C1000

0

500

Grid A

Grid B

Grid C

Grid A

Grid B

Grid C

Lic

en

sed

Usab

le T

Bs 1500

Grid A

Grid B

t1 t2 t3 t4

Grid C

Grid D

• Includes advanced functions• Flexible license: perpetual OR monthly• Client-centric, hardware-agnostic accounting• Dynamic non-intrusive compliance • Embedded license management tools



IBM Spectrum Accelerate --- as a Service!

� Single order for Accelerate on IBM SoftLayer

� Operating Expense (OPEX) - no capital required

� Ordered:

– Base of 50TiB

– Increments of 20 TiB

� Two configurations are offered:

– Capacity oriented (for archive type of applications)

– Performance oriented (for real time processing applications)

– Each package includes all features and unlimited traffic

Capacity oriented serversDual CPU 6 cores32 GB RAM11 x 4TB SATA drives10GbE dual private links

Performance oriented serversDual CPU 8 cores64 GB RAM11 x 4TB SATA drives800GB SSD10GbE dual private links

…



…

…

IBM Spectrum Accelerate on customer-choice HW

IBM XIV

Gen 3

IBM Spectrum Acceleraterunning off-premise

Unified Management Experience

• Remote Office, Branch Office. Provide high availability storage to smaller or distributed organizations such as banks and schools through disaster recovery and other capabilities, using less expensive hardware.

• Flexible deployment. Deploy test/dev or ad-hoc project environments and later repurpose hardware for other needs. Mix online transaction processing and new applications like analytics.

• Hybrid Cloud. Seamlessly move workloads between

on-premise and off-premise deployments.

• Disaster recovery. Mirror to the cloud or to a data center server running IBM Spectrum Accelerate. Use powerful XIV snapshots to execute backup to on-premise servers



Software Defined Storage - Virtualization

XIVDS8000 FlashSystem 900

Other IBM and non-IBM

Flash/Disksystems

IBM Spectrum Virtualize™

SVC, Storwize, FlashSystem V9000, VersaStack

FCPz/VSEz/VMLinuxWindowsUNIXVMware…

iSCSILinuxWindowsUNIXVMware…

SAN

FCoELinuxWindowsUNIXVMware…

Software Defined EnvironmentOpenStack IBM Cloud x86-based

TCP/IP



IBM Spectrum Virtualize

Family of storage systems and storage virtualization systems• One code base on all platforms• One set of functions (selectively licensed)• One Best-of-Breed user interface• One Command Line Interface

Storwize V7000 Unified

SAN Volume Controller

Common Advanced Virtualization BaseMany Different Packages

Storwize V7000

Storwize V3700Storwize V3500 (China)

Storwize V5000

IBM FlashSystem V9000

IBM Storwize family



Global Namespace for Files and Objects

XIVDS8000 FlashSystem

Elastic Storage

POSIXWindowsLinux

AIX

NFSSMBFTPSCPHTTPS

Object• OpenStack

Swift

• S3

Hadoop

IBM Spectrum Scale™,Elastic Storage Server, Storwize V7000 Unified

OtherIBM andnon-IBM

Flash/Disksystems



Internal and Direct Attach

StorageJBOF/JBOD

FPO,

RAID


SVC, FlashSystem V9000, Storwize, ant VersaStack



IBM Spectrum Scale – Flexible File and Object Storage

FS1 FS256. . .Exabyte-Scale, Global Namespace

One big file system or divide into as many as 256 smaller file/object

systems

Each file system can be further divided into fileset containers

Flash and Disk LUNs are called Network Shared Disks (NSD) Metadata can be separated to

its own Pool or intermixed with data

Files and objects can be migrated to Tape



IBM Spectrum Scale™ – Supported Topologies

Twin-tailed

SAN

Internal, Direct-Attach

Shared PoolsFPO Pools

NSD Servers

� Access files on direct, twin-tailed or SAN attached disk

� Can export files to application nodes

File Placement Optimization (FPO) Servers

� Access files on direct attached disk

� Exports files to other FPO servers

External Clients

� Access data via file and object protocols over IP network

TCP/IP

24

NSD Clients

� For Linux, AIX, and Windows

� Access files via SAN, TCP/IP or RDMA

TCP/IP or RDMA network



IBM Spectrum Scale™ – More than just a file system!

ROBO

Other NFS

Other Datacenters

Scale

Active File Management (AFM) caches

data to where it is needed, can be used to migrate from other NFS

Hierarchical Storage Management (HSM) migrates infrequently

accessed files to tape, automatically recalls back

when accessed

Local Read-Only Cache (LROC) and Highly Available Write Cache (HAWC) caches the busiest blocks of files on

local flash

Disaster Recovery (DR) asynchronously mirrors data to remote

locations

Migrate/Recall Tape

NSD Client

Information Lifecycle Management (ILM) moves

data across tiers of flash and disk



IBM Spectrum Scale™ – Backup and Disaster Recovery

Disaster Recovery (DR) asynchronously mirrors data to remote

locations

Backup/Recover

FS1

snap1 snap2

Backup to External Media

• Files can be backed up to IBM Spectrum Protect, or third-party backup software

Asynchronous Mirror

• Use Active File Manager across data center locations

• Specify appropriate RPO

Snapshots

• Up to 256 Snapshots of entire file system, and 256 Snapshots of each file set

• Read-Only, Space-Efficient• Microsoft VSS Interface

• Writeable File Clones



SAN

Twin-tailed

Protocol Servers

NFS v3/v4SMB2, SMB3

AIX, Linux, Mac OS, Windows, VMware,

z/OS, etc.

� Feature of IBM Spectrum Scale on

Linux nodes

� Share files with clients using NFS,

SMB and Object protocols

� All nodes can share the same data

� If Protocol Server Node fails client

connections are moved to another

server

� Protocol Server Node(s) need “NSD

Server” License

� External Clients need no Spectrum

Scale License

Clustered Protocol Servers for File and Object access

TCP/IP

OpenStackS3



IBM Spectrum Scale™ solves “Dropbox problem” for File Sync-and-Share

SAN

Internal, Direct-Attach

No IT Control:• Servers and storage• Security• Access control • User provisioning• Sensitive data

TCP/IP or RDMA network

Twin-tailed



Cloud-based storage pools in IBM Spectrum Protect 7.1.3

On-premises server and object storage pool

Object storage

On-premises server, off-premises object storage pool

Server

Object storageObject storage

On-premises server replicating to server in cloud

ServerObject storage

Replication

Server

TCP/IPClients

Off-premises server and object storage pool

Clients

Clients

Server

Clients

Server

� “Cloud” storage pools will exploit object-storage APIs provided by cloud, without need for gateway� Native cloud storage support based on container pools (not enabled for use as copy pool or database

backup media)� Initial support

– OpenStack Swift, including IBM SoftLayer and IBM Spectrum Scale– Client backup/restore, archive/retrieve directly to/from object-storage pool

Storage hierarchy

Clients



IBM SoftLayer Storage Services

Object Storage (OpenStack Swift)

Consistent Endurance & Performance (NFS)

Local

SAN

FTP / SMB

Legacy iSCSI

Consistent Endurance & Performance

Portable Storage Volumes

Block

File

Object

Archival

Online

Ephemeral

Persistent

Content Delivery Network (CDN)



IBM Spectrum Scale on any Cloud

Active File Management

Private VLAN

NSD Clients and Servers can be deployed within a Private VLAN on any Cloud



Global Namespace extends to Linear Tape File System (LTFS)

XIVDS8000 FlashSystem

Internal,DirectAttachJBOF/JBOD

FPO,

RAID

Elastic Storage

POSIXWindowsLinux

AIX

NFSSMBFTPSCPHTTPS

Hadoop

IBM SpectrumArchive™

Single Drive

Library

IBM Spectrum Scale™,Elastic Storage Server, Storwize V7000 Unified

OtherIBM andnon-IBM

Flash/Disksystems



Enterprise

LTFS

Object• OpenStack

Swift

• S3


SVC, FlashSystem V9000, Storwize, ant VersaStack



LTFS: What is the Linear Tape File System?

� Self-describing tape format to address tape archive requirements

� Implemented on dual-partition linear tape (LTO-5 and above, TS1140 and above)

� Makes tape look and work similar to other removable media

oFile and directories show up on desktop and directory listing

oShare data across platforms

oDrag & Drop files to/from tape

oSelf Describing Tape Format (SDTF) in XML-Architecture

oSimple, one-time installation

� Developed by IBM

CD/DVD disc

USB Memory

Paper/Film



Library Edition

Linux or Windows Server

Tape Library

NFS / SMB

Linux Etc.ArchiveManagementSolutions

Application file access to tape

IBM Spectrum Scale

File system

Single Drive EditionLTFS Format EnablementSingle Drive Support

Library Edition Digital Archive EnablementTape Automation Support

Enterprise EditionIntegrated Tiered Storage Solutions

Application file access to tiered storage

Tape Library 1 Tape Library n

Spectrum Archive – Implementations

…

NSDNFS/SMBObjectPOSIXHadoop



IBM Spectrum Archive™ Overview

IBM Spectrum Archive enables IBM tape libraries to read and write LTFS-format tapes as part of a Spectrum Scale™ global namespace

–Based on the integration of Spectrum Scale™ and LTFS technology

–Supports Spectrum-enabled devices•TS1140 (or higher) Enterprise Drive•LTO5 (or higher) Ultrium drive• IBM Libraries TS4500, TS3500, TS3310, etc.

–Integrated functionality with Spectrum Scale•Supports Policy based migrations•Seamless DMAPI usage•Data replication to multiple pools

–Supports scale-out for capacity and I/O•Seamless cache controls between Spectrum Archive Nodes

•Tape drive performance balancing•Multiple node performance balancing

Tokyo Orlando London

Clients

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Global Namespace

LTFS LTFS LTFS LTFS



Cloud Storage Taxonomy

Storage as the Storage CloudStorage for the Compute Cloud

Persistent

Storage• Persists across

VM reboots• Can be shared

between VMs• Transactional• High

Performance

Reference

Storage• Archives• Images Video• NENR and

WORM

Ephemeral

Storage• Typically boot

volumes, page files and temporary

• Goes away when VM is shutdown

Hosted Storage• File Storage• Object Storage• Backup• Disaster

Recovery

IBM XIV / SVC / DS8000 / FlashSystem Spectrum Protect, Spectrum Archive

Spectrum Scale, Elastic Storage ServerTransactional Performance

Universal Access

LowestTCO



IBM Software Defined Storage

Data Plane

IBM Software Defined Storage

Control Plane

IBM for Software Defined Storage

IBM is Focused on Software Defined Environments

• OpenStack, IBM Cloud Manager, VMware and Microsoft

Block-level storage for transactional performance

• FlashSystem, DS8000, XIV, SVC

Volume, File and Object Level Access• Spectrum Scale and Elastic Storage Server

Lowest TCO with Tape• Spectrum Protect and Spectrum Archive

IBM ranked #1 in Software Defined Storage with

40% market share!



Session Evaluations

YOUR OPINION MATTERS!

Submit four or more session evaluations by 5:30pm Wednesday

to be eligible for drawings!

*Winners will be notified Thursday morning. Prizes must be picked up at registration desk, during operating hours, by the conclusion of the event.

1 2 3 4



Key sessions this week

sSS4565 Introduction to IBM SVC and the IBM Storwize Family Mon 3:15 - 4:15

sIS5108 IBM Spectrum Virtualize Performance – from Disks to Pools Tue 9:00 - 10:00

sIS5109 IBM Spectrum Virtualize Performance – from Pools to Hosts Tue 10:15 - 11:15

sIS5110 IBM Spectrum Virtualize Performance – Advanced Function Tue 11:30 - 12:30

sBA4972 IBM Spectrum Virtualize FlashCopy Technical Review Wed 9:00 - 10:00

sBA4968Why use IBM Spectrum Virtualize for High Availability Wed 10:15 - 11:15

sSS4565 Introduction to IBM SVC and the IBM Storwize Family (rpt) Wed 10:15 - 11:15

sIS3821 What’s new with IBM Virtualize and the Storwize Family Wed 11:30 - 12:30

sIS4766 Understanding SVC, Storwize, and FlashSystem V9000 Wed 3:15 - 4:15

sBA4970Configuring Highly Available systems with IBM SVC Thu 11:30 - 12:30

sBA4969High throughput at higher latencies with SVC Global Mirror Thu 1:45 - 2:45

sIS5107 IBM Spectrum Virtualize IP Replication 101 Thu 4:30 - 5:30

sBA3233Storage Meet the Experts Thu

5:45 - 7:00

sBA4972 IBM Spectrum Virtualize FlashCopy Technical Review (rpt) Fri 9:00 - 10:00

sIS4766 Understanding SVC Storwize and FlashSystem V9000 (rpt) Fri 10:15 - 11:15

sBA4968Why use IBM Spectrum Virtualize for High Availability (rpt)Fri 10:15 - 11:15



IBM Tucson Executive Briefing Center

� Tucson, Arizona is home for storage hardware and software design and development

� IBM Tucson Executive

Briefing Center offers:

–Technology briefings

–Product demonstrations

–Solution workshops

� Take a video tour!

– http://youtu.be/CXrpoCZAazg



About the Speaker

Tony Pearson is a Master Inventor and Senior managing consultant for the IBM System Storage™ product line. Tony joined

IBM Corporation in 1986 in Tucson, Arizona, USA, and has lived there ever since. In his current role, Tony presents briefings

on storage topics covering the entire System Storage product line, Tivoli storage software products, and topics related to Cloud

Computing. He interacts with clients, speaks at conferences and events, and leads client workshops to help clients with

strategic planning for IBM’s integrated set of storage management software, hardware, and virtualization products.

Tony writes the “Inside System Storage” blog, which is read by hundreds of clients, IBM sales reps and IBM Business Partners

every week. This blog was rated one of the top 10 blogs for the IT storage industry by “Networking World” magazine, and #1

most read IBM blog on IBM’s developerWorks. The blog has been published in series of books, Inside System Storage:

Volume I through V.

Over the past years, Tony has worked in development, marketing and customer care positions for various storage hardware

and software products. Tony has a Bachelor of Science degree in Software Engineering, and a Master of Science degree in

Electrical Engineering, both from the University of Arizona. Tony holds 19 IBM patents for inventions on storage hardware and

software products.

9000 S. Rita Road

Bldg 9032 Floor 1

Tucson, AZ 85744

+1 520-799-4309 (Office)

[email protected]

Tony Pearson

Master Inventor,

Senior IT Specialist

IBM System Storage™



Email:[email protected]

Twitter:twitter.com/az99Øtony

Blog: ibm.co/Pearson

Books:www.lulu.com/spotlight/99Ø_tony

IBM Expert Network on Slideshare:www.slideshare.net/az99Øtony

Facebook:www.facebook.com/tony.pearson.16121

Linkedin:www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=103718598

Additional Resources from Tony Pearson



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Trademarks and Disclaimers

Adobe, the Adobe logo, PostScript, and the PostScript logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States, and/or other countries. IT Infrastructure Library is a registered trademark of the Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency which is now part of the Office of Government Commerce. Intel, Intel logo, Intel Inside, Intel Inside logo, Intel Centrino, Intel Centrino logo, Celeron, Intel Xeon, Intel SpeedStep, Itanium, and Pentium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both. Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both. ITIL is a registered trademark, and a registered community trademark of the Office of Government Commerce, and is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Cell Broadband Engine is a trademark of Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both and is used under license therefrom. Linear Tape-Open, LTO, the LTO Logo, Ultrium, and the Ultrium logo are trademarks of HP, IBM Corp. and Quantum in the U.S. and other countries.

Other product and service names might be trademarks of IBM or other companies. Information is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind.

The customer examples described are presented as illustrations of how those customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics may vary by customer.

Information concerning non-IBM products was obtained from a supplier of these products, published announcement material, or other publicly available sources and does not constitute an endorsement of such products by IBM. Sources for non-IBM list prices and performance numbers are taken from publicly available information, including vendor announcements and vendor worldwide homepages. IBM has not tested these products and cannot confirm the accuracy of performance, capability, or any other claims related to non-IBM products. Questions on the capability of non-IBM products should be addressed to the supplier of those products.

All statements regarding IBM future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.

Some information addresses anticipated future capabilities. Such information is not intended as a definitive statement of a commitment to specific levels of performance, function or delivery schedules with respect to any future products. Such commitments are only made in IBM product announcements. The information is presented here to communicate IBM's current investment and development activities as a good faith effort to help with our customers' future planning.

Performance is based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput or performance that any user will experience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve throughput or performance improvements equivalent to the ratios stated here.

Prices are suggested U.S. list prices and are subject to change without notice. Starting price may not include a hard drive, operating system or other features. Contact your IBM representative or Business Partner for the most current pricing in your geography.

Photographs shown may be engineering prototypes. Changes may be incorporated in production models.

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