IB Chemistry A Watson/ Scheffler South Pointe High School.
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Transcript of IB Chemistry A Watson/ Scheffler South Pointe High School.
IB Chemistry
A Watson/ Scheffler
South Pointe High School
Your NameAddressTelephone NumberEmail
Hobbies:
Goals:
Class Information/ Expectations Form
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Periods• Information forms• Safety contracts• Class Policies• Cornell Notes• Brief overview of the course• Chemical Hazards/Lab Safety• Scientific Methods• Assignments
IB Chemistry Agenda
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IB Chemistry JUNIORS Assignments
• NEXT CLASS: Return signed the Safety Agreement and read thoroughly the chemical hazards/Lab Safety handout
• OTHER CLASS: Finish reading topic 1 in textbook
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ExpectationsSee expectation handouts for details•Attendance•Make Up•Behavior•Grading•Cornell notes
Cornell Notes
• Divide the paper • Documentation • Record notes• Review and Clarify• Summarize• Study
Introduction to Chemistry
Chemistry Chemistry The study of matter and its relationships The study of materials and how they
interact The Central Science
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Chemistry Topics IncludeAtomic Theory
Periodic Table
Bonding
Formulas and Stoichiometry
States of matter
Calorimetry / Thermodynamics
Solutions
Kinetics
Equilibrium
Acids and Bases
Oxidation Reduction
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Is Chemistry Hard??
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Maybe! --- but you will develop skills that are valuable for the rest of your life!
Is Chemistry Hard??
Abstract ThinkingCritical ThinkingAnalysisLogicMath Skills
Well maybe but you will develop skills that are valuable for the rest of your lifeThese include:
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Is Chemistry Hard??
Abstract ThinkingCritical ThinkingAnalysisLogicMath Skills
Problem SolvingCommunicationTime ManagementHazards Management
Well maybe but you will develop skills that are valuable for the rest of your lifeThese include:
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Is Chemistry Dangerous??
13Well maybe. sort of…..
Chemical HazardsHazard Criteria
A Threshhold Limit value of less than 500 ppm
A Lethal dose (LD50) less than 500 mg per kg Readily polymerizable Flashpoint less than 140oF A strong oxidizer or reducing agent Highly corrosive Carcinogen, mutagen,or teratogen. Radioactive
See the handout for more definitions and criteria for chemical hazards
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Scientific MethodsScientific Methods
• Always based on observation and experimentation
• Observable and reproducible evidence are required to support conclusions
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Scientific Method
Investigation process- Preliminary observations
- Formulation of a hypothesis- Design experiments to test the hypothesis- Evaluate and interpret data - Draw appropriate conclusions
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Hypothesis, Theory and Law
A A HypothesisHypothesis is a tentative explanation or expected result based on past evidence and experience
A A TheoryTheory is an explanation of a phenomona based on the results of scientific experimentation.
AA LawLaw is a principle that can be observed repeatedly in the world over a long period of time
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Scientific Methods
The scientific method is not necessarily The scientific method is not necessarily a chronological order that scientists a chronological order that scientists always follow.always follow.
But remember ………..But remember ……….. Scientific information is always based Scientific information is always based
on evidence. The emphasis is on evidence. The emphasis is always on information that we can always on information that we can gain from observations and gain from observations and experimentsexperiments
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MatterMatter
• Has both volume and mass• Exists in various states:
Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
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Forms of Matter
• Element
• Compound
• Mixture Homogeneous Heterogeneous
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Elemental Composition of the Earth
Properties of Matter
• Physical -
• Chemical -
• Extensive -
• Intensive -
ColorDensityMelting point
How the substance reacts with other substances
Depend on the amount of material
Independent of the amount of material
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Density
• Definition
• Formula
Ratio of mass to volume
D = Mass/ volume
Density is an intensive property. It is constant for most solids and liquids, but it depends on the pressure and temperature for a gas
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Physical and Chemical Changes
• Physical -
• Chemical -
A change in state or shape. Affects the physical properties but retains the properties of the substance
Undergoes a chemical reaction. A new substance is formed with new physical and chemical properties
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MeasurementMeasurement
Measurements in the laboratory will normally be made using the metric system and SI units where feasible
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Temperature ScalesTemperature Scales
Kelvin Celsius Fahrenheit
Boiling pointBoiling point
of water.of water. 373 K 100 oC 212 oF
Freezing pointFreezing point
of water.of water. 273 K 100 oC 32 oF
Absolute Zero.Absolute Zero.0 K -273 oC -460 oF
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Temperature ConversionsTemperature Conversions
Fahrenheit to CelsiusFahrenheit to CelsiusoC = 5/9 ( oF - 32)
Celsius to FahrenheitCelsius to FahrenheitoF = 9/5 oC + 32
Celsius to KelvinCelsius to KelvinK = oC +273
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Problem Solving Density
FormulasDensity = Mass/volumeD = m/V M = DVV = m/D
Units
Density = g/cm3
Mass = grams or g
Volume = cubic centimeters or cm3
If you solve the formula correctly the units will matchD = m/V = g/cm3
M = DV = (g/cm3) /(cm3) = g
V = m/D =(g)/(g/cm3) = cm3
Measurement IssuesMeasurement Issues
Uncertainty
Accuracy
Precision
Error
Significant Figures
Scientific Notation
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