IB BIO 2 Possible questions for quiz on Topic 10 -...

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IB BIO 2 – Possible questions for quiz on Topic 10 - Inheritance

1. How are plasmids used in biotechnology?

A. For respiration in prokaryotes

B. For photosynthesis in eukaryotes

C. For protein synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

D. For gene transfer (Total 1 mark)

2. A cell replicates its DNA and then starts to divide by meiosis. What is the expected arrangement

of chromosomes if crossing over has taken place between the two genes shown?

A. B.

C. D.

(Total 1 mark)

3. If a man has blood group O and a woman has blood group AB, what is the probability that their

child will be blood group O?

A. 0%

B. 25%

C. 50%

D. 100% (Total 1 mark)

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4. What are the possible outcomes of recombination?

I. A different combination of unlinked genes not seen in the parents

II. A different combination of linked genes not seen in the parents

III. The same combination of genes seen in the parents

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III (Total 1 mark)

5. The diagram below shows the cell of an organism going through the first division of meiosis.

How many different combinations are possible for these chromosomes in the haploid cells

formed by meiosis? # possible

A. 2

B. 6

C. 8

D. 9 (Total 1 mark)

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6. If a man has blood group O and a woman has blood group AB, what is the probability that their

child will be blood group O? DUPLICATE

A. 0%

B. 25%

C. 50%


7. Humans are in blood group M, N or MN. The alleles for blood group M (M) and blood group N

(N) are co-dominant. Humans are also in blood group A, B, AB or O. The alleles controlling

these blood groups are IA, I

B and i.

If two parents have the genotypes ii MM and IA i MN what is the ratio of possible phenotypes of

their offspring?

A. 9 group A, group M 3 group A, group N 3 group O, group M 1 group O, group N

B. 9 group O, group M 3 group O, group N 3 group A, group M 1 group A, group N

C. 3 group O, group M 3 group O, group MN 1 group A, group M 1 group A, group MN

D. 1 group A, group M 1 group A, group MN 1 group O, group M 1 group O, group MN

(Total 1 mark)

8. A parent organism of unknown genotype is mated in a test cross. Half of the offspring have the

same phenotype as the parent. What can be concluded from this result?

A. The parent is homozygous dominant for the trait.

B. The trait being inherited is polygenic.

C. The parent is heterozygous for the trait.

D. The parent is homozygous recessive for the trait. (Total 1 mark)

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9. A gene in cattle controls whether horns develop or not. When cattle without horns are mated

together, none of the offspring ever has horns. A male with horns is mated with females without

horns. If half of the offspring have horns and half do not, what is the conclusion?

A. The male is homozygous dominant.

B. The male is homozygous recessive.

C. The male is heterozygous.

D. Only males have horns. (Total 1 mark)

10. What constitutes a linkage group?

A. Genes whose loci are on different chromosomes

B. Genes carried on the same chromosome

C. Genes controlling a polygenic characteristic

D. Genes for the inheritance of ABO blood groups (Total 1 mark)

11. In Drosophila the allele for normal wings (W) is dominant over the allele for vestigal wings (w)

and the allele for normal body (G) is dominant over the allele for ebony body (g). If two

Drosophila with the genotypes Wwgg and wwGg are crossed together, what ratio of phenotypes

is expected in the offspring?

A. 9 × normal wings, normal body : 3 × normal wings, ebony body : 3 × vestigal wings,

normal body : 1 × vestigal wings, ebony body

B. 3 × normal wings, normal body : 3 × normal wings, ebony body : 3 × vestigal wings,


C. 3 × normal wings, normal body : 1 × normal wings, ebony body : 3 × vestigal wings,


D. 1 × normal wings, normal body : 1 × normal wings, ebony body : 1 × vestigal wings,

normal body : 1 × vestigal wings, ebony body (Total 1 mark)

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12. Hemophilia is sex-linked and is caused by a recessive allele. A woman’s father has hemophilia,

but her husband does not.

What is the probability of the women and her husband having a child with hemophilia?

Probability of a son

having hemophilia

Probability of a daughter

having hemophilia

A. 50% 0%

B. 0% 0%

C. 100% 0%

D. 0% 50%

(Total 1 mark)

13. Which processes result in the greatest amount of genetic variation in a population?

A. Natural selection and meiosis

B. Meiosis and mutation

C. Mutation and mitosis

D. Mitosis and natural selection (Total 1 mark)

14. In what way are eukaryotic chromosomes different from prokaryotic chromosomes?

Eukaryotic chromosomes Prokaryotic chromosomes

A. Protein is present Protein is absent

B. DNA is present DNA is absent

C. RNA is present RNA is absent

D. RNA is absent RNA is present

(Total 1 mark)

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15. What does the genotype XH

Xh indicate?

A. A co-dominant female

B. A heterozygous male

C. A heterozygous female

D. A co-dominant male (Total 1 mark)

16. What feature demonstrates codominance in the inheritance of ABO blood groups?

A. When A antigens and B antigens are present on red blood cells.

B. When A antibodies and B antibodies are present in blood serum.

C. When IA

and i alleles are expressed in homozygotes.

D. When IA

and i alleles are expressed in heterozygotes. (Total 1 mark)

17. A pure breeding tall plant with smooth seeds was crossed with a pure breeding short plant with

wrinkled seeds. All the F1 plants were tall with smooth seeds. Two of these F1 plants were

crossed and four different phenotypes were obtained in the 320 plants produced.

How many tall plants with wrinkled seeds would you expect to find?

A. 20

B. 180

C. 60

D. 30 (Total 1 mark)

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18. What are homologous chromosomes?

A. Two chromosomes with differing sets of genes, in the same sequence, with the same

alleles

B. Two chromosomes with the same set of genes, in a different sequence, with the same

alleles

C. Two chromosomes with a different set of genes, in the same sequence, with different

alleles

D. Two chromosomes with the same set of genes, in the same sequence, sometimes with

different alleles (Total 1 mark)

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19. What can be concluded on the basis of the following karyotype?

A. Female with a normal set of chromosomes

B. Male with Down syndrome

C. Female with Down syndrome

D. Male with a normal set of chromosomes (Total 1 mark)

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20. The diagram below shows a cell undergoing meiosis. What is this stage of meiosis?

A. Anaphase I

B. Prophase I

C. Anaphase II

D. Telophase II (Total 1 mark)

21. If a purple flowered (Pp) and a white flowered pea plant (pp) are crossed, what will the

offspring be?

A. 1 : 1 ratio of purple and white flowers

B. 3 : 1 ratio of purple to white flowers

C. 1 : 3 ratio of purple to white flowers

D. All purple flowers (Total 1 mark)

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22. A woman has a heterozygous genotype for blood group B. She is expecting a baby with a man

who is homozygous Group A. What are the possible blood groups for their baby?

I. Group O

II. Group A

III. Group AB

A. II and III only

B. I and II only

C. I and III only


23. Why is it possible for a gene from one organism to be introduced and function in a different

organism?

A. All organisms are made of cells.

B. All organisms have nuclei.

C. The genetic code is universal.

D. All organisms have ribosomes. (Total 1 mark)

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24. A diploid cell in a gorilla has 48 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will be present in a

haploid gorilla cell?

A. 96

B. 48

C. 24


25. What procedure is used to determine whether a chromosome is in excess or missing in an

organism?

A. X-ray

B. Karyotyping

C. Centrifugation

D. DNA fingerprinting (Total 1 mark)

26. Which event occurs first in meiosis?

A. Centromere appearance

B. Chiasmata formation

C. Crossing over

D. Synapsis (Total 1 mark)

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27. Which of the following blood group phenotypes always has a homozygous genotype?

A. A

B. B

C. AB

D. O (Total 1 mark)

28. If the haploid number of an organism is 8, how many different varieties of gametes are possible,

not considering the effects of crossing over?

A. 16

B. 64

C. 128


29. Which of the following represents a test cross to determine if phenotype T is homozygous or

heterozygous? (Note: allele T is dominant to allele t.)

A. Phenotype T crossed with another phenotype T

B. Phenotype T crossed with a phenotype T which is homozygous

C. Phenotype T crossed with a phenotype T which is heterozygous

D. Phenotype T crossed with phenotype t (Total 1 mark)

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30. How does the X chromosome differ from the Y chromosome in humans?

A. The Y chromosome is longer.

B. Some genes on the X chromosome are absent from the Y chromosome.

C. The genes are the same but some on the Y chromosome are not expressed.

D. The X chromosome determines sex. (Total 1 mark)

31. Why is it sometimes difficult to identify how certain characteristics are inherited in humans.

A. Most genes are linked.

B. Rates of mutation are high.

C. The inheritance may be polygenic.

D. The environment varies so little. (Total 1 mark)

32. What are the components of a eukaryotic chromosome?

A. One DNA molecule and one large protein

B. Many DNA molecules and many proteins

C. One DNA molecule and many proteins

D. Many DNA molecules and one large protein (Total 1 mark)

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33. How does recombination normally occur for unlinked genes?

A. Crossing-over in Prophase I

B. Random chromosome assortment

C. Failure of spindles to form

D. Random gene mutations (Total 1 mark)

34. Which human trait shows a pattern of polygenic inheritance?

A. ABO blood type

B. Sickle cell anemia

C. Skin colour

D. Co-dominant alleles (Total 1 mark)

35. What is always a difference between the alleles of a gene?

A. Their position on the chromosome

B. Their amino acid sequence

C. The number of codons that each contains

D. Their base sequence (Total 1 mark)

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36. What is the genetic cross called between an individual of unknown genotype and an individual

who is homozygous recessive for a particular trait?

A. Test-cross

B. Hybrid cross

C. Dihybrid cross

D. F1 cross (Total 1 mark)

37. A gene has three alleles. How many different genotypes can be found for this gene?

A. 3

B. 6

C. 9


38. Which response describes the behaviour of chromosomes in metaphase I and anaphase II of

meiosis?

Metaphase I Anaphase II

A. Chromosomes line up at the equator Separation of homologous chromosomes

B. Tetrads (bivalents) line up at the equator Separation of homologous chromosomes

C. Chromosomes line up at the equator Separation of sister chromatids

D. Tetrads (bivalents) line up at the equator Separation of sister chromatids

(Total 1 mark)

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39. Hypophosphataemia is a disorder involving poor re-absorption of phosphate from glomerular

filtrate in humans. It shows a sex-linked dominant pattern of inheritance as illustrated in the

following pedigree.

Which row in the table correctly identifies the genotypes of individuals 1 and 2?

Individual 1 Individual 2

A. XH

Xh X

HY

B. XhY X

HX

H

C. XhY X

HX

h

D. unaffected affected

(Total 1 mark)

40. What is a sex-linked gene?

A. A gene whose locus is on the X chromosome only.

B. A gene whose locus is on the X or Y chromosomes.

C. A gene whose locus is on the both X and Y chromosomes.

D. A gene whose locus is on the Y chromosome only. (Total 1 mark)

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41. Which characteristics are used to identify chromosomes when constructing a karyotype?

I. The length of the chromosome.

II. The position of the centromere on the chromosome.

III. The pattern of bands on the chromosome.

IV. The position of the chromosome on the spindle.

A. I only

B. I and II only

C. I, II and III only

D. I, II, III and IV (Total 1 mark)

42. In garden peas, the pairs of alleles coding for seed shape and seed colour are unlinked. The

allele for smooth seeds (S) is dominant over the allele for wrinkled seeds (s). The allele for

yellow seeds (Y) is dominant over the allele for green seeds (y).

If a plant of genotype Ssyy is crossed with a plant of genotype ssYy, which offspring are

recombinants?

A. SsYy and Ssyy

B. SsYy and ssYy

C. SsYy and ssyy

D. Ssyy and ssYy (Total 1 mark)

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43. A cell with a diploid number of 12 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. What will be the product

at the end of meiosis?

A. 2 cells each with 12 chromosomes

B. 4 cells each with 6 chromosomes

C. 2 cells each with 6 chromosomes

D. 4 cells each with 12 chromosomes (Total 1 mark)

44. What are the chromosomes of fungi made of?

A. DNA only

B. DNA and protein only

C. DNA and RNA only

D. DNA, RNA and protein (Total 1 mark)

45. If a person inherited an allele with the same base substitution mutation from both parents, what

sequences could be altered from normal in the person’s cells?

A. One mRNA base sequence only

B. Two mRNA base sequences only

C. One mRNA base sequence and one polypeptide amino acid sequence only

D. Two mRNA base sequences and two polypeptide amino acid sequences only (Total 1 mark)

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46. If red (RR) is crossed with white (rr) and produces a pink flower (Rr), and tall (D) is dominant

to dwarf (d), what is the phenotypic ratio from a cross of Rr dd and rr Dd?

A. 9:3:3:1

B. 50% pink, 50% white and all tall

C. 1:1:1:1, in which 50% are tall, 50% dwarf, 50% pink and 50% white

D. 3:1 (1)

47. A single gene in humans causes blood to be either rhesus positive (dominant allele) or rhesus

negative (recessive allele). A woman with rhesus negative blood has already had a child with

rhesus positive blood. There could be complications during pregnancy if she has another child

with rhesus positive blood.

What is the probability of this, if the father is the same, and if his mother is known to have

rhesus negative blood?

A. 25%

B. 50%

C. 75%


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48. Mendel crossed pure breeding (homozygous) tall pea plants that had coloured flowers with pure

breeding dwarf pea plants that had white flowers. All of the resulting F1 plants were tall and had

coloured flowers.

If Mendel had crossed these F1 plants with a pure breeding strain of dwarf pea plants with

coloured flowers, what proportion of tall coloured plants would be expected in the offspring?

A. 4

1

B. 8

3

C. 2

1

D. 16

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(Total 1 mark)

49. What is a possible consequence of two base substitution mutations occurring in the same gene?

A. Two amino acids coded for by the gene are changed.

B. Amino acids in two polypeptides coded for by the gene are changed.

C. All of the codons between the two mutations are changed.

D. All of the codons from the first mutation onward are changed. (Total 1 mark)

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50. The diagram below shows the life cycle of a moss. The haploid chromosome number is shown

as n and the diploid number as 2n. At which stage in the life cycle does meiosis take place?

A. I

B. II

C. III

D. IV (Total 1 mark)

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51. The diagram below shows a cell in meiosis. What can be deduced from this diagram?

[Source: J W Saunders, (1968), Animal Morphogenesis, MacMillan, page 7]

Stage of meiosis shown Haploid number of

chromosomes in this cell

A. Metaphase I 6

B. Prophase I 3

C. Prophase I 6

D. Metaphase I 3

(1)

52. Which process results in the greatest genetic variation in a population?

A. Meiosis

B. Mitosis

C. Cytokinesis

D. Natural selection (Total 1 mark)

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53. What is a difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes?

A. Autosomes are not found in gametes but sex chromosomes are.

B. Sex chromosomes are found in animal cells and autosomes are found in plant cells.

C. Autosomes are diploid and sex chromosomes are haploid.

D. Sex chromosomes determine gender and autosomes do not. (Total 1 mark)

54. A parent organism of unknown genotype is mated in a test cross. Half of the offspring have the

same phenotype as the parent. What can be concluded from this result?

A. The parent is heterozygous for the trait.

B. The trait being inherited is polygenic.

C. The parent is homozygous dominant for the trait.

D. The parent is homozygous recessive for the trait. (Total 1 mark)

55. Which processes always occur in meiosis but not normally in mitosis?

I. Chiasmata formation

II. Recombination of genes

III. Separation of homologous chromosomes

A. I and II only

B. II and III only

C. I and III only


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56. In peas the allele for round seed (R) is dominant over the allele for wrinkled seed (r). The allele

for yellow seed (Y) is dominant over the allele for green seed (y).

If two pea plants with the genotypes YyRr and Yyrr are crossed together, what ratio of

phenotypes is expected in the offspring?

A. 9 round yellow : 3 round green : 3 wrinkled yellow : 1 wrinkled green

B. 3 round yellow : 3 round green : 1 wrinkled yellow : 1 wrinkled green

C. 3 round yellow : 1 round green : 3 wrinkled yellow : 1 wrinkled green

D. 1 round yellow : 1 round green : 1 wrinkled yellow : 1 wrinkled green (Total 1 mark)

57. Two genes A and B are linked together as shown below.

A b

a B

If the genes are far enough apart such that crossing over between the alleles occurs occasionally,

which statement is true of the gametes?

A. All of the gametes will be Ab and aB.

B. There will be 25% Ab, 25% aB, 25% ab and 25% AB.

C. There will be approximately equal numbers of Ab and ab gametes.

D. The number of Ab gametes will be greater than the number of ab gametes. (Total 1 mark)

58. What is the locus of a gene?

A. The proportion of the population that have the gene

B. The part of the phenotype that is affected by the gene

C. The position of a gene on a chromosome

D. The predicted effect of natural selection on the frequency of the gene (Total 1 mark)

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59. A cross is performed between two organisms with the genotypes AaBb and aabb.

What genotypes in the offspring are the result of recombination?

A. Aabb, AaBb

B. AaBb, aabb

C. aabb, Aabb

D. Aabb, aaBb (Total 1 mark)

60. The diagram below shows chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. How many

chromosomes and chiasmata are visible?

Number of chromosomes Number of chiasmata

A. 2 2

B. 4 2

C. 2 4

D. 4 4

(Total 1 mark)

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61. The diagram below shows a cell during meiosis.

How many chromosomes would each daughter cell have at the end of meiosis?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 4

D. 8 (Total 1 mark)

62. A polygenic character is controlled by two genes each with two alleles. How many different

possible genotypes are there for this character?

A. 2

B. 4

C. 9


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63. The allele for red flower colour (R) in a certain plant is co-dominant with the allele for white

flowers (R’). Thus a plant with the genotype RR’ has pink flowers. Tall (D) is dominant to

dwarf (d). What would be the expected phenotypic ratio from a cross of RR’dd plants with

R’R’Dd plants?

A. 9:3:3:1

B. 50% pink 50% white, and all tall

C. 1:1:1:1, in which 50% are tall, 50% dwarf, 50% pink and 50% white

D. 3:1 (Total 1 mark)

IB BIO 2 Possible questions for quiz on Topic 10 -...

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