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IAVCEI-‐IACS Commission on Volcano–Ice Interactions
Issue 5, 2013–2014
Leadership
2013
• Chair Tracy Gregg (Univ. of Buffalo) • Vice-‐Chair Lucia Capra (UNAM, Mexico) • Secretary Dave McGarvie (Univ. of Lancaster, UK) • Ex-‐Officio Chair Hugh Tuffen (Univ. of Lancaster UK)
2014
• Chair Lucia Capra (UNAM, Mexico) • Vice-‐Chair Dave McGarvie (Univ. of Lancaster, UK) • Secretary Christopher Hamilton (Univ. of Arizona) • Ex-‐Officio Chair Tracy Gregg (Univ. of Buffalo)
Advisory Committee: Ben Edwards (Dickinson College), C. Waythomas (USGS), Andres Rivera (Centro de Estudios Cienticos), John Smellie (Univ. Of Leicester), Sarah Fagents (Univ. Of Hawaii), and Magnus Gudmundsson (University of Iceland).
As of 2014, the member list of the Commission contains close to 100 experts from different interdisciplinary fields of research related to the areas of the Commission.
Commission Website (http://volcanoes.dickinson.edu/VIWG)
The Commission website is the main communication and information dissemination forum.
The website hosts information related to the group’s activities, and promotes communication with the commission membership and the broader volcanological community. The website contains:
• A summary statement of the goals of the Commission • Details of the Commission charter and administration • Details of upcoming and past events related to volcano–ice interactions (e.g., meetings, special
sessions, symposia, etc.) • Contact information for members of the Commission • Links to other sites of relevance to the membership • A database of images related to volcano–ice interactions, including recent episodes of
eruptions at the ice-‐clad volcanoes
Over the years of the existence of the Commission the website has been highly appreciated and will continue to be developed as a useful tool for promoting collaboration and communication amongst volcano–ice researchers.
Recent Past Meetings (see website for complete list of historic CVII activities)
A. Special session at AGU Las Americas, Cancun (México) 14–17 may, 2013 V08. Volcano–Ice Interactions in the Cordilleras of the Americas Volcano-‐ice interaction processes in the Cordilleran region are very complex and comprise climate change positive feedback, enhanced explosive eruptive activity and associated hazards. In order to evaluate the contribution of volcanic activity on the reduction of ice masses, it is needed to establish comparisons with glaciers at non-‐volcanic mountains in order to estimate climatic-‐factors-‐related retreat vs. volcanic-‐related retreat (subglacial heat-‐flow, eruptive events, gravity driven processes, etc.). On the other hand, volcano–ice interactions are not fully understood and their consequences in terms of associated hazards. Conveners: Hugo Delgado Granado, Christian Huggel, Hugh Tuffen, Lucia Capra
B. Special session at IAVCEI General Assembly Kagoshima, Japan 3-‐12. Volcano–Ice Interaction and Planetary Volcanism This session encompassed all aspects of planetary volcanism, including cryovolcanism in the outer solar system, with an emphasis on volcano–ice interaction on Earth and Mars. Main topics were:
-‐Interactions between volcanic systems and ice on Earth including physical processes that control eruption mechanisms, palaeo-‐ice thickness reconstructions, geochemical studies of magma evolution and degassing, glaciological studies of geothermal impacts on ice sheets, volcano-‐ice interactions in recent eruptions, hazard mitigation at ice-‐covered volcanoes and the physical processes that control eruption mechanisms, as recorded in erupted deposits or simulated in models. -‐New results from space missions, cryovolcanism as a volcanic process, geophysics of icy satellites of the outer Solar System, magma-‐ice interaction on Mars, volcanism as thermal and chemical energy sources for potential life, and volcanism and volcanic products as evidence of mantle composition Conveners: Ian Skilling, Rosaly Lopes, Christian Huggel, Alison Graettinger, Hugh Tuffen 3H. Lava Flows This session combined examinations of lava flow dynamics with studies of the interactions between lava and water on Earth and other planetary surfaces. Topics ranged from advanced imaging an analysis of lava flows using visible, thermal, and high-‐resolution topographic data to petrographic and stratigraphic investigations of subaerial lava flows, lava domes, and pillow lavas emplaced within submarine and subglacial environments. Conveners: Christopher Hamilton, Stephen Self, Ben Edwards, Susumu Umino, Meagen Pollock, Alex Nichols
Future events
2014
American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting 15–19 December 2015, San Francisco, California, USA Abstract deadline: August 6, 2014 1) Physical Volcanology of Eruptions Involving Groundwater, Water or Ice
Water in oceans, glaciers, lakes, streams and aquifers lies in the path of magma ascending to eruption over the great majority of Earth, and on some other planets as well. This session invites contributions of all aspects of magma’s interaction with water en route to the surface and during eruption. We anticipate contributions on submarine volcanism, volcanism in lakes, phreatomagmatic eruptions, subglacial volcanism, subsurface interactions of dikes and conduits with country rock groundwater.
Conveners: James D. L. White, Rebecca Carey, Magnus Tumi Gudmundsson, and Samuel A. Soule. 2) The Role of Volcanism In Atmospheric Phenomena
Volcanism is considered to have substantially contributed to the development of the atmosphere on early Earth. Volcanic eruptions relate to a number of atmospheric phenomena including lightning discharge, formation of hydrometeors, cloud/ice condensation, development of aerosols, and alteration of chemical compounds. Although these volcanic processes are relevant for modifying atmospheric dynamics, they are still poorly understood. In addition, atmospheric dynamics crucially contribute to the effects and hazards posed by volcanic eruptions, including transport, aggregation, and deposition mechanisms of volcanic aerosols and pyroclasts. This session focuses on studies that attempt to unite the fields of volcanism and atmospheric dynamics and the complex interplay between the two. We welcome contributions that utilize field observations, laboratory experiments, remote sensing, and modeling, focusing on the aforementioned phenomena and the influence that volcanic ash and gas emissions may have on modifying physical and chemical equilibria in the atmosphere. Conveners: Kimberly D. Genareau, Sonja A. Behnke, and Corrado Cimarelli. 2015
Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (LPSC) 16–20 March 2015, Woodlands, Texas, USA Abstract deadline: January 6, 2015
European Geophysical Union (EGU) General Assembly 12–17 April 2015, Vienna, Austria Abstract deadline: January 7, 2015
26th IUGG General Assembly 2015 22 June – 2 July 2015 Prague, Czech Republic Abstract deadline: January 31, 2015 1) VS33. Understanding Volcano-‐Climate Feedbacks While our understanding of volcano-‐climate linkages is still developing, increasingly studies are showing feedbacks between them at a variety of time-‐scales. On one hand many historic eruptions have had documented impacts on short term global temperatures (e.g., Tambora 1815), and on the other local climate events (heavy rains) are now thought to able to trigger eruptions (e.g., Soufriere Hills). This is especially true for glaciovolcanism, for which it has been argued that rapid deglaciation can trigger changes to asthenospheric melting and increased rates of volcanism, as well as having local effects at glacierized stratovolcanoes (edifice failure due to deglaciation). At the same time, damage done to glaciers by large-‐scale eruptions can hasten rates of melting and ice retreat, even as increased rates of volcanic gas emissions during deglaciation could either mitigate (e.g., SO2) or enhance (e.g., CO2) cyclic climatic warming. We invite contributions to this symposium that investigate the feedback frontiers between volcanism and climate change. Conveners: Lucia Capra (Queretaro, México), Christian Huggel (Zurich, Switzerland), Hugh Tuffen (Lancaster, U.K.). This symposium is co-‐sponsored by IACS.
2) VS02. Lava Flows Lava flows can pose risks to property and infrastructure on Earth, and, as a planetary surface process, lava emplacement represents one of the dominant crust-‐forming processes on Earth and other terrestrial planets and moons. An increased understanding of how lavas flow in various planetary environments is important for advancing our knowledge of planetary processes. Recognizing the relationships between eruption conditions, flow dynamics, and lava morphology is important for reconstructing paleo-‐conditions within planetary interiors and surface environments. On Earth, improved understanding of lava emplacement is also important for civil engineering design, disaster preparation, and hazard mitigation. This session focuses on advances that have been made in the imaging and analysis of active lava flows and those preserved within the geologic record of Earth and other planetary bodies, including subaqueous lavas. We particularly invite contributions relating to Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) observations obtained from field-‐based, airborne, and spaceborne platforms to quantify lava flow morphology, emplacement dynamics, and paleo-‐environments. We also encourage results from studies that explore submarine lavas, integration of LiDAR and Forward Looking Infrared Radiometer (FLIR) data, and alternative remote sensing approaches to understanding lava flows and dynamic volcanic topography.
Conveners: Christopher Hamilton (Tucson, USA), Steve Self (Milton Keynes, U.K.)
Other Future Events
For the next term, the CVII is committed to maintain the high level of activity in different fields, including scientific meetings, outreach and education. The Commission will furthermore continue to strain for successfully linking IAVCEI and IACS and promote collaborative, interdisciplinary research.
Particularly worth mentioning is that CVII will contribute to the next IAVCEI General Assembly 2015 at the IUGG in Prague, with a special session on the relation between paleoclimate and volcanic activity, but also including recent cases of magmatic activity in ice-‐capped stratovolcanoes (i.e., Chile, Ecuador, Perú), and volcanism forcing climate. In combination with this session, a field trip at Etna volcano is under consideration; alternatively, a co-‐sponsored field trip with the monogenetic commission will be also considered. Finally, the CVII will contribute significantly to the IAVCEI Scientific Assembly in Portland in 2017, with special sessions and field trip.
2013–2014 Publications
Capra, L, Bernal, JP, Carrasco, G, Roverato, M (2013) Climatic fluctuations as a significant
contributing factor for volcanic collapses. Evidence from Mexico during the Late Pleistocene.
Global and Planetary Changes, 100, 194–203.
de Vet, SJ, Merrison, JP, Mittelmeijer-‐Hazeleger, MC, Van Loon, EE, Cammeraat, LH (2014)
Effects of rolling on wind-‐driven detachment thresholds of volcanic glass on Mars. Planetary and
Space Science, 103, 205–218, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2014.07.012.
de Vet, SJ, Mittelmeijer-‐Hazeleger, MC, Braakhekke, JJM, Cammeraat LH (2014) Physical
weathering and fracturing of a rhyolitic hyaloclastite in Iceland. Bulletin of Volcanology, 76(833).
doi:10.1007/s00445-‐014-‐0833-‐7.
Delgado Granados, H, Julio Miranda, P, Carrasco Núñez, G, Pulgarín Alzate, B, Mothes, P,
Moreno Roa, H, Cáceres Correa, BE, Cortés Ramos, J (2015) Hazards at Ice-‐Clad Volcanoes:
Phenomena, Processes, and Examples From Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Chile. In: Snow and
Ice-‐Related Hazards, Risks, and Disasters. Haberli, Wl, Whuteman, C (eds.). Hazards and disasters
series, Elsevier, 607–646.
Edwards, BR, Belousov, A, Belousova, M (2014) Propagation style controls lava–snow
interactions, Nature Communications (in press).
Edwards, BR, Karson, J, Wysocki, B, Lev, E, Bindeman, I, Kueppers, U (2013) Insights on lava–
ice/snow interactions from large-‐scale basaltic melt experiments, Geology, 41, 851–854.,
doi:10.1130/G34305.1.
Fraser, CI, Terauds, A, Smellie, J, Convey, P, Chown, SL (2014) Geothermal activity helps life
survive glacial cycles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 5634–5639,
doi/10.1073/pnas.1321437111.
Hungerford, JDG, Edwards, BR, Skilling, IP, Cameron, B (2013) Evolution of a subglacial
basaltic lava flow field: Tennena Cone volcanic center, Mount Edziza Volcanic Complex, British
Columbia, Canada, J. Volc. Geotherm. Res., 272, 39–58, 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.09.012.
Lopes, RMC, Kirk, RL, Mitchell, KL, LeGall, A, Barnes, JW, Hayes, A, Kargel, J, Wye, L,
Radebaugh, J, Stofan, ER, Janssen, MA, Neish, CD, Wall, SD, Wood, CA, Lunine, JI, Malaska, M J
(2013) Cryovolcanism on Titan: New results from Cassini RADAR and VIMS. Journal of Geophysical
Research—Planets, 118, 416–435, doi:10.1002/jgre.20062, 2013.
Nyland, RE, Panter, KS, Rocchi, S, Di Vincenzo, G, Del Carlo, P, Tiepolo M, Field, B, Gorsevski,
P (2013) Volcanic activity and its link to glaciation cycles: single-‐grain age and geochemistry of
Early Miocene volcanic glass from ANDRILL AND-‐2A core, Antarctica. Journal of Volcanology and
Geothermal Research, 250, 106–128.
Patrick, MR, Smellie, JL (2013) A spaceborne inventory of volcanic activity in Antarctica and southern oceans, 2000–2010. Antarctic Science, 25, 475–500.
Pollock, M, Edwards, BR, Hauksdottir, S, Alcorn, R, Bowman, L (2014) Geochemical and
Lithostratigraphic Constraints on the Formation of Pillow-‐dominated Tindars from Undirhlíðar
Quarry, Reykjanes Peninsula, Southwest Iceland. Lithos, 200–201, 317–333.
dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2014.04.023.
Russell, JK, Edwards, BR, Porritt, L, Ryane, C (2014) Tuyas: a descriptive genetic classification.
Quat. Sci. Rev., 87, 70–81, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.01.001.
Russell, JK, Edwards, BR, Porritt, LA, 2013. Pyroclastic passages zones in glaciovolcanic
sequences, Nature Communications, 4, 1788, doi: 10.1038/ncomms2829.
Rivera, A, Bown, F, Carrión, D, Zenteno, P (2012) Glacier responses to recent volcanic activity
in Southern Chile. Environmental Research Letters, 7, doi:10.1088/1748-‐9326/7/014036.
Rivera, A, Bown, F (2013) Recent glacier variations on active ice capped volcanoes in the
Southern Volcanic Zone (37° 46°S), Chilean Andes. Journal of South American Earth Sciences,
45,345–356.
Rivera, A, Zamora, R, Uribe, J, Wendt, A, Oberreuter, J, Cisternas, S, Gimeno, F, Clavero, J,
(2014) Recent changes in total ice volume on Volcán Villarrica, Southern Chile. Natural Hazards,
doi:10.1007/s11069-‐014-‐1306-‐1
Scanlon, KE, Head, JW, Wilson, L, Marchant, DR (2014) Volcano–ice interactions in the Arsia
Mons tropical mountain glacier deposits. Icarus, 237, 315–339.
Smellie, JL, Rocchi, S, Wilch, TI, Gemelli, M, Di Vincenzo, G, McIntosh, W, Dunbar, N, Panter,
K, Fargo A (2014) Glaciovolcanic evidence for a polythermal Neogene East Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Geology, 42, 39-‐42, doi:10.1130/g34787.1.
Smellie, JL (2013) Quaternary volcanism: subglacial landforms. In: Elias S.A. (ed.) The
Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science (Second Edition),. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 1, 780–802
Smellie, JL, Johnson, JS, Nelson, AE (2013) Geological map of James Ross Island. 1. James
Ross Island Volcanic Group (1:125,000 scale). BAS GEOMAP 2 Series, Sheet 5, British Antarctic
Survey, Cambridge, UK.
Smellie, J, Wilch, T, Rocchi, S (2013) ‘A‘ā lava-‐fed deltas: A new reference tool in
paleoenvironmental studies. Geology, 41, 403–406, doi: 10.1130/g33631.1.
Wilson, L, Smellie, JL, Head, JW (2013) Volcano–ice interaction. In: Fagents, SA, Gregg, TKP,
and Lopes, RMC (eds.) Modeling of volcanic processes: the physics and mathematics of volcanism.
Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 275–299.
21/01/2015