Ias 8 accounting policies changes in accounting estimates
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Transcript of Ias 8 accounting policies changes in accounting estimates
04/07/23 N R GOVINDARAJAN CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT FCA,AICWA,CISA, DISA
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IAS 8 ACCOUNTING POLICIES CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND ERRORS
N R GOVINDARAJAN
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT
FCA, AICWA,CISA, DISA (ICAI)
04/07/23 N R GOVINDARAJAN CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT FCA,AICWA,CISA, DISA
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OVERVIEW
• Objectives
• Key concepts
• Accounting policies – Selection and Application
• Changes in accounting policies
• Changes in accounting estimates
• Errors
04/07/23 N R GOVINDARAJAN CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT FCA,AICWA,CISA, DISA
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Objectives
• Prescribes rules for:
• Selecting and changing accounting policies and accounting treatment and disclosures
• Changes in accounting estimates
• Correction of errors
04/07/23 N R GOVINDARAJAN CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT FCA,AICWA,CISA, DISA
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Key concepts
• Accounting policies:
• Specific principles, bases, conventions, rules and practices applied by an entity in preparing and presenting financial statements
• Same in Indian GAAP
04/07/23 N R GOVINDARAJAN CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT FCA,AICWA,CISA, DISA
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Key concepts
• Changes in accounting estimates:• Adjustments to an asset or liability’s carrying
amount• Amount of periodic consumption of an asset that
result from the assessment of the present status of and expected future benefits and obligations associated with assets and liabilities
• Changes are due to new information, developments and are not correction of errors
04/07/23 N R GOVINDARAJAN CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT FCA,AICWA,CISA, DISA
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Key concepts
• Eg: useful life of assets, bad debts, inventory obsolescence,
• Indian GAAP similar to IFRS except for change in method of depreciation which is considered as a change in an accounting policy rather than a change in an accounting estimate
04/07/23 N R GOVINDARAJAN CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT FCA,AICWA,CISA, DISA
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Key concepts
• Prior Period Errors:• Omissions from and misstatements in
financial statements in one or more periods
• Arises from a failure to use or a misuse of reliable information
• Such information was available when prior period FS was authorised or
• Could have been reasonably obtained
04/07/23 N R GOVINDARAJAN CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT FCA,AICWA,CISA, DISA
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Key concepts
• Instances of Errors include:
• Mathematical mistakes
• Mistakes in applying accounting policies
• Oversights or misinterpretation of facts
• Frauds
04/07/23 N R GOVINDARAJAN CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT FCA,AICWA,CISA, DISA
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Accounting policies – Selection and Application
• Where transactions or events are covered specifically by IFRSs it is governed by them
• If not, use of entity’s judgement that results in relevant and reliable information
• The other standards can be followed, if it is consistent with IFRSs
• Consistent application is required
04/07/23 N R GOVINDARAJAN CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT FCA,AICWA,CISA, DISA
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Changes in accounting policies• Allowed only if:• Change is required by an IFRS• Change results in FS providing reliable and more
relevant information• The following does not amount to change:• Selection of accounting policy to a transaction
that does not occur previously or not material or• Transaction substantially different from previous
one• More or less similar in Indian GAAP except the
change can also be by change in statute
04/07/23 N R GOVINDARAJAN CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT FCA,AICWA,CISA, DISA
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Changes in accounting policies – Accounting treatment
• On account of application of new or revised IFRS :
• As per transitional provisions of that particular IFRS
• Otherwise as per IAS 8 giving retrospective application
• Same treatment if policy is changed voluntarily• Retrospective application means adjustment of
opening balance of each affected component of equity for earliest prior period presented
04/07/23 N R GOVINDARAJAN CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT FCA,AICWA,CISA, DISA
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Changes in accounting policies – Accounting treatment
• Comparative amounts disclosed for each prior period presented as if the new policy had always been applied
• If it becomes impracticable to give retrospective application
• Prospective application or Retrospective application since when practicable.
04/07/23 N R GOVINDARAJAN CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT FCA,AICWA,CISA, DISA
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Impracticable?
• When an enterprise cannot apply a requirement after making every reasonable effort
• Situations where it (s):• 1. Effects of retrospective application or
retrospective restatement not determinable• 2. Requires assumption about what
management’s intention would have been during that period
• 3. Requires significant estimates of amounts and it is impossible to distinguish objectively information about the estimates
04/07/23 N R GOVINDARAJAN CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT FCA,AICWA,CISA, DISA
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Changes in accounting estimates- Accounting treatment
• Accounting of estimates is beset with lots of uncertainties
• When circumstances change we need to make changes to estimates
• We need to prospectively account for changes in accounting estimates
• Case study 2&3
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Errors – Accounting Treatment
• Corrected in the first FS authorised for issue after the discovery
• Restate the comparative amounts for the prior period in which the error occurred
• If the error occurred before that period restate the opening balances of assets, liabilities, equity for the earliest prior period presented
04/07/23 N R GOVINDARAJAN CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT FCA,AICWA,CISA, DISA
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Errors – Accounting Treatment
• If it is impracticable to give retrospective effect:
• Prospective application or retrospective application since when practicable
• Case study 5
• Solution to Case study 5
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Particulars Indian GAAP IFRS
Change in accounting policy
No elaborate guidance. Effect in P&L account
Detailed guidance.Retrospective effect needs to be given by adjusting retained earnings
Change in the method of depreciaton
Change in accounting policy
Change in accounting estimate
Proposed Dividend
Provision required
Provision Prohibited
04/07/23 N R GOVINDARAJAN CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT FCA,AICWA,CISA, DISA
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Particulars Indian GAAP
IFRS
Prior Period item
Only P & L items
Covers items of P&L and B/S
Prior period items effect
Only in CY with disclosures
Retrospective effect wherever practicable
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AS 5 VS ED AS 5
• AS 5 VS ED AS 5