IAMSAR Vol 4 Part 1

IAMSAR VOL.IV 1 – 1

PART ONE : AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME SAR

AUTHORITY AND ADMINISTRATION

1.0 GENERAL

1.1 Aeronautical Search and Rescue is broadly defined as the search

for aircraft in distress (or referred to as an ‘aeronautical incident’),

and the provision of aid to persons who are, or feared to be, in

need of assistance, regardless of the nationality or status of such

persons or the circumstances in which such persons are found,

whether it occurs over land or sea.

1.2 In Malaysia, aeronautical SAR is provided in accordance with

Annex 12 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation

(Chicago 1944) and International Aeronautical Maritime Search

and Rescue (IAMSAR) Manual 1998. As signatory to the Chicago

Convention 1944, Malaysia is obligated to provide ASAR services

on a 24 hour basis, within the Malaysian Aeronautical Search and

Rescue Regions (SRR), (defined within the Kuala Lumpur and Kota

Kinabalu Flight Information Regions – FIR) as shown in Appendix

1.

1.3 With the implementation of National Security Council Directive No.

20 (known as Majlis Keselamatan Negara, MKN Arahan No. 20) by

the Prime Minister’s Department, effective 11 May 1997, ASAR

Operational Procedures have been amended to harmonise with

inter-agency actions during an aeronautical incident.

1.4 Maritime Search and Rescue (MSAR) is broadly defined as the

search for vessel in distress (or referred to as an ‘maritime

incident’), and the provision of aid to persons who are, or feared to

be, in need of assistance, regardless of the nationality or status of


such persons or the circumstances in which such persons are

found at sea.

1.5 In Malaysia, MSAR services are provided in accordance with IMO

Maritime SAR Convention 1979, IMO SOLAS Convention 1974 and

UNCLOS 1982 and International Aeronautical Maritime Search and

Rescue (IAMSAR) Manual 1998.

2.0 PURPOSE

2.1 The purpose of the National Aeronautical and Maritime SAR

organisation is to direct, co-ordinate and control Aeronautical and

Maritime SAR missions within Search and Rescue Regions (SRRs)

in Malaysia, and to provide the organisational basis for co-

operation between the different Aeronautical and Maritime SAR

Authorities and assisting Aeronautical and Maritime SAR agencies.

This is implemented through the National Aeronautical and

Maritime SAR Plan.

3.0 NATIONAL AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME SAR PLAN

3.1 The National Aeronautical And Maritime SAR Plan, referred to as

‘THE PLAN’ throughout this document, is a directive of the

Malaysian Government to Malaysian agencies for the provision and

coordination of aeronautical and maritime SAR services in order to

meet all obligations and requirements, at both national and

international levels. The objective of THE PLAN is to integrate into

a cooperative organisation all available SAR resources, which shall

be coordinated, in any incident, by a single SAR Authority. This is

to ensure the effective and economical utilisation of all available

SAR resources in all types of SAR missions.


3.2 The provisions of THE PLAN are applicable to all agencies that are

represented in the NATIONAL SAR COMMITTEE (NSC) and those

identified and listed as primary and assisting aeronautical and

maritime SAR agencies. Other agencies may also participate, but

with prior knowledge and approval of the main responsible SAR

agencies.

4.0 GENERAL PROVISIONS OF THE PLAN

4.1 The Aeronautical and Maritime SAR Authorities shall encourage the

development and maintenance of proficiency in SAR techniques

and procedures by primary and assisting Aeronautical and Maritime

SAR agencies and assist them, as appropriate.

4.2 The Aeronautical and Maritime SAR boundaries established by or

under the THE PLAN are not to be construed as barriers to

effective Aeronautical and Maritime SAR missions. THE PLAN shall

not obstruct any prompt and effective action by any agency or

individual to relieve distress, whenever and wherever found.

4.3 Notwithstanding the above, THE PLAN is not intended to

contravene with any responsibilities and authority of any primary

and assisting Aeronautical and Maritime SAR agency as defined by

laws, regulations, orders, international agreements or

responsibilities of other agencies, which regularly assist persons

and property in distress resulting from activities of a local nature.

5.0 NATIONAL SAR COMMITTEE (NSC)

5.1 The overall responsibility for Aeronautical and Maritime SAR lies

with the National Security Council (MKN). This responsibility is

exercised by the Cabinet through the NSC, chaired by the


Secretary of National Security Council. The NSC is the highest

official policy making body for aeronautical and maritime SAR in

Malaysia.

5.2 The NSC shall be responsible for advising the Cabinet, determining

the necessary broad policy required to achieve an efficient

aeronautical and maritime SAR organization, coordinating the

efforts of the relevant Ministries, Departments and Agencies, and

the pooling of resources, in particular:

a. regular review of aeronautical and maritime SAR arrangements;

b. make arrangements for the preparation and processing of any

required aeronautical and maritime SAR legislation and

international aeronautical and maritime SAR agreements;

c. agree upon the details of any international aeronautical and

maritime SAR Agreements;

d. general oversight and annual review of THE PLAN;

e. formally ratify arrangements and procedures developed by

working groups and sub-committees;

f. provide policy decision on matters that cannot be satisfactorily

resolved at sub-committees and working group level;

g. establish as required, sub-committees and working groups to

developed the necessary procedures, etc., to give effect to the

Committee’s decisions;

h. define aeronautical and maritime SAR equipment and

requirements, in accordance with broad principles, and

government and international policies;

i. approve procurement and disposition of aeronautical and

maritime SAR equipment and assets; and

j. any other matters pertaining to aeronautical and maritime SAR.


5.3 The composition of the NSC is as follows:

a. CHAIRMAN

Secretary of National Security Council

b. MEMBERS

i. Secretary General Ministry of Finance or Representative;

ii. Secretary General Ministry of Defence or Representative;

iii. Secretary General Ministry of Home Affairs or

Representative;

iv. Secretary General Ministry of Health or Representative;

v. Secretary General Ministry of Foreign Affairs or

Representative;

vi. Secretary General Ministry of Transport or

Representative;

vii. Inspector General of Police or Representative;

viii. Chief of Army or Representative;

ix. Chief of Navy or Representative;

x. Chief of Air Force or Representative;

xi. Director General Civil Aviation Department or

Representative;

xii. Director General Marine Department or Representative;

xiii. Director General Fire And Rescue Department or

Representative;

xiv. Director General Malaysian Meteorological Services or

Representative;

xv. Director General Fisheries Department or Representative;

xvi. Director General Royal Customs or Representative;

xvii. Director General Malaysia Maritime Enforcement Agency

or Representative.


c. SECRETARIAT

The Secretariat of NSC is established at National Security

Council.

5.4 The NSC, consistent with applicable laws and policies, coordinates

the implementation of THE PLAN. It reviews SAR matters affecting

more than one agency, including recommendations presented by

primary and assisting aeronautical and maritime SAR agencies for

revision or amendment of THE PLAN, and shall make appropriate

recommendations. It encourages all aeronautical and maritime

SAR agencies to develop equipment and procedures which will

enhance the National Aeronautical and Maritime SAR capability,

and will promote the coordinated development of all national

aeronautical and maritime SAR resources.

(See Appendix B – Org Chart).

6.0 AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME SAR ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE

6.1 Aeronautical and Maritime SAR Authority

a. Structure

i. The structure of the Aeronautical and Maritime SAR

Organization in Malaysia is depicted in Figure 1.1 below.

Each SAR Authority ensures that every aeronautical and

maritime SAR mission is efficiently coordinated through

the effective use of all available SAR resources. It is the

responsibility of the SAR authority to set up an efficient


operational organisation within the assigned SAR incident

type.

ii. The THE PLAN establishes two (2) SAR Authorities

(Aeronautical and Maritime) in Malaysia, according to the

type of SAR Incident. The Head of the Agency is the SAR

authority for the provision of SAR services for the type of

SAR incident, and also the Chairman of the Working

Group. The two SAR authorities (Aeronautical and

Maritime) in Malaysia are as follows:

Figure 1.1

Incident Type AERONAUTICAL MARITIME

SAR Authority MMEA

SAR Organisation

DGCA

ARCC

Head of SAR Service

SAR RESOURCES

ARSC

DCA

DG MMEA

MRCC

MRSC


SAR AUTHORITY SAR SERVICE SAR INCIDENT

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AVIATION

MALAYSIA

(DCA)

Chairman of Aeronautical Working

Group

Aeronautical SAR

Aeronautical

Incident

MALAYSIA MARITIME

ENFORCEMENT AGENCY (MMEA)

Chairman of Maritime Working

Group

Maritime SAR

Maritime Incident

6.2 Primary Responsibility

DCA and MMEA, as the aeronautical and maritime SAR authority

respectively, have the primary responsibility of ensuring that an

aeronautical or maritime SAR mission can be promptly initiated and

executed; with efficient use of available SAR resources, until

rescue has been in effect or until the chance of success is no

longer a reasonable possibility. This is achieved by developing a

SAR plan.

6.3 Aeronautical and Maritime SAR Mission Organisation

a. Structure

In each SAR incident type, there is a SAR Authority who is

responsible for the actual mission co-ordination and

organisation. This organisation begins at the Operation Centre


of the SAR Authority and the organisation at the place or area of

incident. The organisational structure of each incident depends

on the scale, duration and complexity of the incident and

generally follows the structure given in Figure 1.2 below.

Rescue Co-ordination Centre

Mission Chief

Field Mission Chief

SAR Resources

6.4 Rescue Co-ordination Centre Organisation

Figure 1.2

a. The Rescue Co-ordination Centre (RCC)

A RCC is an operational facility established by a SAR Authority

for the purpose of promoting efficient organisation of SAR

services and for co-ordinating the conduct of SAR missions

within a SRR. The RCC shall be capable of responding to any

ARCC / MRCC

SAR MISSION CO-ORDINATOR (SMC)

ON-SCENE CO-ORDINATOR (OSC)

SAR UNITS (SRUs)

SRU SRU SRU


request for information or assistance on a 24-hours a day basis.

THE PLAN establishes three RCCs in Malaysia’s SRRs; namely

ARCC Kuala Lumpur, ARCC Kota Kinabalu, and MRCC Putrajaya.

6.5 RCC/RSC Personnel

The staff of RCC shall perform both administrative and

operational duties. The RCC shall be staffed with trained and

experienced personnel to provide a continuous watch. In cases

where the RSC does not maintain a continuous watch, provision

shall be made to enable stand-by RSC staff to be mobilised

rapidly.

6.6 RCCs / RSCs in Malaysia

a. Aeronautical

DCA has established two (2) Aeronautical Rescue Co-ordination

Centres (ARCCs) and four (4) Aeronautical Rescue Co-ordination

Sub Centres (ARSCs) within the Kuala Lumpur and Kota

Kinabalu Aeronautical SRRs.

b. Maritime

MMEA has established one (1) Maritime Rescue Co-ordination

Centres (MRCCs) and five (5) Maritime Rescue Co-ordination

Sub Centres (MRSCs) within the Maritime SRRs of Malaysia.


SRR MALAYSIA LOCATION NAME OF OPERATION

CENTRE

SUBANG ATCC

RMAF Base Butterworth

RMAF Base Kuantan

KOTA KINABALU ATCC

Kuching ATCC

RMAF Base Labuan

Aeronautical

KUALA LUMPUR

KOTA KINABALU

ARCC KUALA LUMPUR

ARSC Butterworth

ARSC Kuantan

ARCC KOTA KINABALU

ARSC Kuching

ARSC Labuan

PUTRAJAYA, MMEA, HQ

Peninsula Malaysia

MMEA Office Langkawi

MMEA Office Johor Bahru

MMEA Office Kuantan

MMEA Office Kuching

MMEA Office Kota Kinabalu

Maritime

PENINSULAR

MALAYSIA

Northern

Southern

East Coast

SABAH AND

SARAWAK

Sarawak

Sabah

MRCC PUTRAJAYA

MRSC Langkawi

MRSC Johor Bahru

MRSC Kuantan

MRSC Kuching

MRSC Kota Kinabalu

6.7 Search And Rescue Regions (SRRs) Of Malaysia

a. The SRRs of Malaysia are defined as follows:

i. Aeronautical SAR Region (ASRRs)- Appendix A


The areas co-inside with the boundaries of the Kuala

Lumpur and Kota Kinabalu Flight Information Regions;

airspace as delegated by ICAO under Malaysia’s

jurisdiction, as promulgated in ICAO’s Regional Air

Navigation Plan.

ii. Maritime SAR Regions (MSRRs)- Appendix C

The waters of Malaysia including the areas declared as

the Continental Shelf Boundary and also the waters under

the Flight Information Regions [as in para 1.4.5 (i)

above] delegated to Malaysia. This information is

published in IMO SAR Plan.

7.0 ORGANISATION OF AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME SAR AGENCIES

7.1 The Aeronautical and Maritime SAR Authorities shall undertake to

organise SAR resources for providing Aeronautical and Maritime

SAR services in order to carry out Malaysia’s Aeronautical and

Maritime SAR obligations under the Conventions of the

International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and the

International Maritime Organisation (IMO).

7.2 Primary and assisting agencies having primary SAR responsibilities

shall provide the fullest practicable co-operation to the

Aeronautical and Maritime SAR Authorities in Aeronautical and

Maritime SAR missions, consistent with the statutory

responsibilities and assigned functions of such agencies. This

enables the co-ordination and optimum utilisation of their

resources and facilities in a particular Aeronautical and Maritime

SAR mission by the relevant Aeronautical and Maritime SAR

Authorities, as may be necessary and practicable.


8.0 CONDUCT OF AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME SAR MISSIONS

8.1 The Aeronautical and Maritime SAR Authorities shall develop plans

and procedures for the effective utilisation of all available SAR

resources and facilities in Malaysia.

8.2 The Aeronautical and Maritime SAR Authorities may be assisted by,

or may request assistance from other agencies having SAR

capabilities.

8.3 Rescue Co-ordinating Centres (RCCs) shall conform with

international standards and procedures for Aeronautical and

Maritime SAR, in particular those required by the Conventions of

ICAO and IMO.

8.4 The Aeronautical and Maritime SAR Authorities shall co-ordinate

and direct the resources committed to any Aeronautical and

Maritime SAR missions. RCCs of the Aeronautical and Maritime SAR

Authorities and Operation Centres of other primary and assisting

agencies shall maintain liaison and support each other in

Aeronautical and Maritime SAR missions, as may be necessary and

practicable.

8.5 Liaison and co-operation in Aeronautical and Maritime SAR

missions shall be co-ordinated with Aeronautical and Maritime SAR

Authorities of neighbouring nations, as provided for in Bi-lateral

and Multi-lateral Aeronautical and Maritime SAR agreements.

9.0 SAR OPERATIONAL EXPENSES AND LIABILITY

9.1 Each SAR agency concerned shall be responsible for the expenses

incurred by its own SRUs deployed during an Aeronautical and


Maritime SAR mission including those from other states that are

engaged in the operations unless special arrangement had been

made.

9.2 Any aircraft / vessel engaged in an Aeronautical and Maritime SAR

mission shall be exempted from government levied aviation and

maritime charges.

9.3 Notwithstanding the above, the Government of Malaysia shall not

be held liable for any direct, indirect or consequential damage or

loss incurred to any aircraft / vessel or any injury / death to any

personnel engaged in an Aeronautical and Maritime SAR mission.

10.0 PRIMARY AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME SAR AGENCIES

10.1 National Security Council

National Security Council is the body responsible for establishing,

developing and maintaining Aeronautical and Maritime SAR

organisation in Malaysia. The Cabinet, through the Secretary

National Security Council, directs the NSC on policy, international

agreements, conventions and operational matters. The National

Security Council is responsible to the Cabinet on all matters

pertaining to Aeronautical and Maritime SAR.

10.2 Department of Civil Aviation Malaysia (DCA)

DCA is the SAR Authority for aeronautical incidents, and shall be

responsible for the provision of Aeronautical SAR service within

Malaysia’s Aeronautical Search And Rescue Regions (SRRs). As

such, DCA shall co-ordinate, liaise, train, equip, staff, maintain,

develop procedures and operations, and conduct exercises for A-


SAR. DCA shall also assist the Maritime SAR Authority, when

requested.

10.3 Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency (MMEA)

MMEA is the SAR Authority for maritime incidents, and shall be

responsible for the provision of Maritime SAR service within

Malaysia’s Maritime SRRs. As such, MMEA shall co- ordinate, liaise,

train, equip, staff, maintain, develop procedures and operations

and conduct exercises for maritime SAR. MMEA shall also assist the

aeronautical SAR authority, when requested.

11.0 PARTICIPATING AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME SAR AGENCIES

11.1 Several agencies that have extensive range of SAR resources have

been identified. Such agencies are capable of providing assistance

and support to aeronautical and maritime SAR Authorities. Hence,

they are responsible for providing vessels, aircrafts, other relevant

assets and personnel, for the purpose of assisting and supporting

Aeronautical and Maritime SAR missions, and providing

communication and logistic facilities, where required. They are as

follows:

a. Royal Malaysia Police (RMP)

RMP provides SAR assistance to maritime and aeronautical

incidents. RMP’s responsibilities are in the following:

i. provision of aerial, marine and land resources to facilitate

all SAR efforts;


ii. provision of communication and logistic facilities where

required;

iii. as on-scene-coordinators for aeronautical accident over

land; and

iv. other assistance when required.

b. Royal Malaysia Air Force (RMAF)

RMAF is responsible for providing SAR assistance and support to

Aeronautical and Maritime SAR Authorities. The tasks of RMAF

within this context are as follows:

i. provision of RMAF aircraft resources and personnel for

the purpose of assisting and supporting all SAR missions;

ii. assistance in the provision and maintenance of survival

equipment for rescue functions;

iii. representation at appropriate RCC / RSC to provide

liaison with RMAF Operations Centre (Pusat Operasi

Tentera Udara - POTU), Air Operations Centre East

Malaysia (Pusat Operasi Udara Malaysia Timur - POUMT)

and other military authorities;

iv. establishes, equips and trains personnel to meet the

requirements of the above tasks. and

v. other assistance when required.


c. Royal Malaysia Navy (RMN)

RMN provides assistance and support to Aeronautical and

Maritime SAR Authorities for all Aeronautical and Maritime SAR

missions. RMN’s tasks are as follows:

i. provision of RMN vessels, aircraft and other relevant

resources, and personnel for the purpose of assisting and

supporting aeronautical and maritime SAR missions;

ii. establishes, equips and trains personnel to meet the

requirements of the above tasks;

iii. representation at appropriate RCC / RSC to provide

liaison with FOC; and

iv. any other assistance as required.

d. Fire and Rescue Department Malaysia (FRD)

FRD provides support to the Aeronautical and Maritime SAR

Authorities through her various units. The forms of assistance

include:

i. provision of RMN vessels, aircraft and other relevant

resources, and personnel for the purpose of assisting and

supporting Aeronautical and Maritime SAR missions;

ii. establishes, equips and trains personnel to meet the

requirements of the above tasks; and

iii. any other assistance as required.


e. Marine Department Malaysia (MARDEP)

MARDEP provides assistance and support for SAR that includes:

i. provision of vessels and personnel;

ii. Representation at appropriate MRCC / MRSC to provide

liaison duties;

iii. Assisting in the provision of any significant information

particular to distress vessel.

iv. representation at appropriate RCC / RSC to provide

liaison with MARDEP; and

v. any other assistance as required.

12.0 ASISTING AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME SAR AGENCIES

12.1 Government Agencies

Many Government agencies are capable of providing SAR

resources and assisting an Aeronautical and Maritime SAR mission.

Among those identified:

i. Majlis Keselamatan Negara (National Security Council,

Prime Minister’s Department)- SMART team;

ii. Wisma Putra (Ministry of Foreign Affairs);

iii. Malaysian Army;

iv. Information Department;

v. Royal Customs Department;

vi. Immigration Department;

vii. Public Works Department;

viii. Meteorological Services Department;

ix. Medical And Health Department;


x. Fisheries Department;

xi. Aborigines Affairs Department;

xii. Forestry Department;

xiii. Wildlife and Parks Department;

xiv. Port Authorities;

xv. District and Land Offices;

xvi. Volunteer Reserve Corp or RELA; and

xvii. JPA 3 or other Government Agencies, as required.

12.2 Commercial / Private / Volunteer Agencies

Support for Aeronautical and Maritime SAR may be provided by

any agency, be it voluntary group, commercial, private or

individual, that offers its resources to the Aeronautical and

Maritime SAR Authorities during an Aeronautical and Maritime SAR

mission. The Aeronautical and Maritime SAR Authority may accept

or reject the offer, depending on circumstances and situation. In

any case, any acceptance would strictly be on the conditions that

may be imposed by the Aeronautical and Maritime SAR Authority

concerned. Examples of such agencies are:

i. Telekom Malaysia Malaysia Berhad;

ii. Tenaga Nasional Berhad;

iii. Malaysia Airports Holding Berhad;

iv. Air Operators;

v. Flying Clubs, Flying Schools and Private Aircraft Owners;

vi. Merchant Vessels and Commercial Ships;

vii. Fishing Co-operatives, Fishing Vessels, Private Yachts and

Launches;

viii. Salvage Companies;

ix. Oil Companies;

x. Port Operators and


xi. Other Commercial / Private / Volunteer Agencies, as

required.

13.0 PRESS AND PUBLIC RELATIONS

13.1 The public should be informed during Aeronautical and Maritime

SAR missions of public interests, within the limits of confidentiality,

of aeronautical and maritime SAR system actions. The potential

benefits of early release of information include:

a. additional information from the public, leading to more

effective use of SAR resources;

b. fewer time-consuming requests from the news media; and

c. reduction in inaccurate public speculation about the

aeronautical and maritime SAR mission.

13.2 The aeronautical and maritime SAR Authority shall make

arrangements to issue timely press release whenever any incident

has occurred and / or an aeronautical and maritime SAR mission is

in progress. This may be co-ordinated with the Information

Department, when necessary.

14.0 INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS

International Organizations have been formed to standardize Aeronautical and

Maritime SAR missions that require international co-operation. While signatory

nations of a treaty, convention or agreement do not pledge to always

conform, they do seriously consider standards outlined in such documents.

14.1 International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO)


ICAO is a worldwide United Nation agency formed for the

primary purpose of administering the Convention on

International Civil Aviation, which was designed to promote the

safe, orderly and efficient growth of international civil aviation,

including both commercial and general aviation. The detailed

requirements for A-SAR can be found in the Annexes to the

Convention; Annex 12-SAR, which contains those standards and

recommended practices adopted under the Convention

especially for Aeronautical service. ICAO documents pertinent to

A-SAR service include:

a. Annex 3,

Meteorological service for international navigation

Chapter 10: Information for ATS, SAR and AIS

METEOROLOGY

b. Annex 11

Chapter 5: Alerting Service

, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICES

c. Annex 12,

SEARCH AND RESCUE

d. Doc4444

Part VII: FIS and Alerting Service

- RAC / 501 RULES OF THE AIR AND ATS

e. Doc7030 / 4

REGIONAL SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES

14.2 International Maritime Organisation (IMO)

IMO is a United Nation agency which promotes shipping safety

and safety of life at sea. IMO coordinates and issues

international procedures for SAR at sea. It administers, among

others, the International Convention for maritime SAR. SOLAS,


among other things, requires merchant vessels to be equipped

with radios fitted with automatic alarm device and carry

emergency and survival equipment. SOLAS also establishes

requirements for merchant vessels to respond to a distress

signal from any craft or person

14.3 International Aeronautical And Maritime SAR (IAMSAR) Manual

The IAMSAR Manual was jointly published by ICAO and IMO in

1998 by the Joint Working Group On Harmonisation Of

Aeronautical And Maritime SAR. This was because ICAO and IMO

have the same global mandate of developing and maintaining

standardized guidelines which will assist governments in promoting

the establishment and maintenance of an adequate and effective

Aeronautical and Maritime SAR service.

The three volumes of the IAMSAR Manual, namely:

a. Volume I – Organisation And Management

b. Volume II – Mission Co-ordination

c. Volume III – Mobile Facilities;

are aimed States in meeting their own Aeronautical and Maritime

SAR needs, and the obligations they accepted under the

Convention on International Civil Aviation, the International

Convention on M-SAR and the International Convention for the

Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). These volumes provide guidelines

for a common aviation and maritime approach to organising and

providing Aeronautical and Maritime SAR services. States are

encouraged to develop and improve their Aeronautical and

Maritime SAR services, co-operate with neighbouring States and to

consider their Aeronautical and Maritime SAR services to be part of

a global system.

IAMSAR Vol 4 Part 1

Documents

Transcript of IAMSAR Vol 4 Part 1