IACUC Updates /Health and Safety Training

Elaine Major, Director of Institutional Compliance215 Wannalancit, ext. 3452

Dr. Scott Perkins, VMD, MPH, ACLAMCell 617-947-5770 or email scott.perkins@tufts.edu

Amy Finneral, Animal Research Compliance Manager618 Olsen, ext. 4698

OverviewUpdates

Dr. Peter Gaines, IACUC Chair in Jan. 2013! Updated Policies and Procedures on webGuide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals: Eighth Edition

(Guide), adopted by NIH 1-1-12 http://grants.nih.gov/grants/olaw/Guide-for-the-care-and-use-of-Laboratory-animals.pdf

Facility updates Per diems- estimate 10% increase, possibly billed through CRF Occupational Health Evaluation REQUIRED Schedule all activities in facility (esp. procedure room)

Risks from Working with Animals and Zoonoses

Policy and Procedure UpdatesCore Research Facility process for billingUpdated Information on website

Forms - http://www.uml.edu/Research/OIC/animal-use/forms.aspx

Guidelines and Policies Murine Tail Biopsy Physical Restraint and Immobilization Use of Freund’s Adjuvant

Protocol Process!!! Protocols approval PRIOR to animal use

To assure NIH OLAW in compliance with PHS and USDA requirements

AV available to assist and provide recommendations Include options to provide flexibilityProcure all supplies before initiating project Review approved protocol with all research personnelReview protocol often and update with amendments If not enough detail, will not go on meeting agenda

Facility RequirementsTraining Required

CITI training (regulatory information), every 3 years Occupational Health Clearance, annually EHS Lab Safety Training, annually Animal Handling Training Session, as needed Research specific activities (PI), as needed

No eating or drinking in facilityNo cell phone use (photography policy)PPE requiredSchedule activities with facility manager

Facility Reminders (cont.)

Use controlled substance log as necessaryNO transport of animals outside facility without

specific approval (Refer to Animal Transport Policy)Report ANY incident

Include description of what occurred, reasons why you think it occurred, what was done to alleviate pain/distress for the animal, suggested revisions to address and prevent the problem from recurring

OIC investigates and files reports with OLAW, as appropriate

IACUC can stop activities if necessary

Supplies OIC provides:

Cages (unless special) Regular food and bedding PPE Euthanasia supplies Supplies for facility training Basic housekeeping supplies

Researchers provide: All needles, syringes, surgical equipment, etc. Drugs/materials as noted on protocol Other materials specific to research activity

Visitor Policy

• Submit visit requests to OIC with justification for approval

• Generally not approved to see how animal research is conducted

• Visitors must verify that they have not been in any other animal facility on the day of the visit

• Visitors must wear appropriate PPE

Disposal of Dead Animals

• For animals found dead, update census information on cage card and review protocol to follow procedures for carcasses 

• PI is notified (referencing protocol number and cage number or cage card information) to determine if necropsy desired

• If no handling instructions or PI is unavailable, animal is placed in a plastic bag and put in designated freezer

• For USDA regulated species, record Found Dead (FD) is noted in the animal's medical record

• ORS Manager contacts EH&S for pickup and disposal of carcasses when the freezer is full.

Working Reminders

Schedule all activities in facilityBring all research suppliesWear protective clothing (for you and animals!)

Gloves, shoe covers, lab coat, mask, goggles Dispose of used PPE in facility

Report ANY injury from an animalReport ANY incident affecting an animalClean up work area and wash hands before

leavingDispose of sharps and materials appropriately

Reporting ConcernsDocument concern or incident asap

Date, time, and location incident occurred Describe what happened Include names of personnel involved Outline actions to prevent re-occurrence Notify OIC and AV immediately!

For reporting any general concerns Email (Amy Finneral or Elaine Major) Phone (Anonymous Hotline x3100) Intercampus mail

For Success with the IACUC Provide enough detail in your protocolFollow protocol procedures as approvedAll personnel must complete trainingFollow the protocol and submit amendments if

necessaryUnderstand risks and how to minimize themBe respectful- may not agree but need to follow AV and

IACUC’s directives to ensure UML is in complianceUse the resources provided by the AV

Risks and Precautions for Work with Animals

LOW risk if follow precautionsEXTREMELY LOW risk of disease using

animals from reputable sources Immunization awareness

Tetanus required, Hepatitis B recommended

Occupational Health Clearance Baseline Annual review

Occupational Health Program

Essential part of the overall Program of Animal Care and Use at UML

Required for anyone working with animals or entering facility

Goal to identify personnel with animal allergies and determine PPE or equipment available to protect themComplete Baseline Health History QuestionnaireEmail to Jeanne.cotter@allonehealth.com or Fax with Cover Sheet to All One Health, Attn: Jeanne

Cotter, (781) 938-4686Reviewed by a health professional and clearance sent to EHS

and the Facility Manager before allowed access to the facility

Common Exposure Routes

Aerosol (inhalation) Ex. gases, centrifuging, flaming, shaking, pouring, etc.

Ingestion (swallowing) Ex. Water or food with Salmonella or Giardia

Absorption (skin, mucus membranes, open wounds) Ex. Material splashed on skin or open wound exposed directly

to animal or materials used

Skin penetrated (punctures) Ex. Accidental needle sticks, cuts, or bites

Common Hazards

Injuries Bites, scratches, needle sticks Repetitive motions Working with equipment

AllergiesAirborne contaminantsZoonosesBloodborne pathogens (biohazards) Biological and Chemical agents

If Injured...Notify your supervisorThoroughly wash site with soap and waterReport any bite or scratch

Flu like symptoms w/in several days after bite

Seek medical attention as necessary Call ext. 2911 if serious or go to an ERPrevention: Complete animal handling training

and use proper restraint techniques

AllergiesAllergies affect ~30% of all workers

Caused by proteins from a variety of fluids/tissues from many animal species

Worsen after repeated exposure Can lead to asthma

Symptoms: runny nose, itchy or watery eyes, cough, sneezing, hives/skin rashes

Precautions: PPE, wash hands, respirators, antihistamines, allergy shots

Severe reactions: Call 2911 or go to an ER

AnaphylaxisAirway problem due to severe allergic reactionLife threatening and can develop quicklySymptoms:

Hives: red, itchy, raised blotches on the skin Itchy watery eyes, runny nose Increased heart rate Wheezing, stridor, coughing Nausea & vomiting Swelling of the face

Zoonoses

Disease transmitted from animals to humans viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa internal and external parasites

Very rare in commercially bred animals and sporadicPrevention: use PPE, get animals from reputable

vendors, personal hygiene, avoid bedding and contaminated water, monitor animals for infection

Recognize Zoonoses Risk Factors

Learn about animals you work withUnderstand mode of transmission for

infectious agentsAssess potential for aerosolization, splash, or

contamination and reduce risk of exposureEvaluate waste handlingIdentify how emergencies or spills could occur

& implement preventative measures

Testing of Biological Products

• Biological products (cell lines, blood, etc.) are the most common source for introduction of infectious disease to a colony

• ALL biological products must be tested prior to use (PCR, etc.)

• Even products (blood, serum) that have been passaged in rodents may be contaminated

ParasitesParasitesFungiFungiBacteriaBacteriaVirusesViruses

Agents of DiseaseAgents of Disease

RingwormRingworm GiardiaGiardia

MangeMange TapewormTapeworm

Zoonotic Parasitic and Fungal DiseasesZoonotic Parasitic and Fungal Diseases

Note: Minimal risk in vendor-acquired animals

Species:Species: all species all species

Animals:Animals: asymptomatic; alopecia (hair loss) & asymptomatic; alopecia (hair loss) & circular areas of flaky skincircular areas of flaky skin

Humans:Humans: asymptomatic; raised area of itchy, flaky, asymptomatic; raised area of itchy, flaky, red skinred skin

Mode of Transmission: Mode of Transmission: direct contactdirect contact

Diagnosis:Diagnosis: culture, Woods Lamp culture, Woods Lamp

Treatment/Prevention:Treatment/Prevention: oral & topical medications oral & topical medications and good sanitation, use PPE’sand good sanitation, use PPE’s

Ringworm Ringworm ((TrichophytonTrichophyton or or MicrosporumMicrosporum sp.) sp.)

Ringworm Ringworm ((TrichophytonTrichophyton or or MicrosporumMicrosporum sp.) sp.)

Species:Species: all all

Animals:Animals: asymptomatic; diarrhea asymptomatic; diarrhea

Humans:Humans: asymptomatic; diarrhea, vomiting asymptomatic; diarrhea, vomiting

Mode of Transmission: Mode of Transmission: fecal-oral routefecal-oral route

Diagnosis:Diagnosis: fecal examination fecal examination

Treatment/Prevention:Treatment/Prevention: Oral medication, Oral medication, through sanitation/removal of wastes and through sanitation/removal of wastes and routine fecal analysis of colonyroutine fecal analysis of colony

Giardia sp.

Species:Species: all all

Animals:Animals: asymptomatic; itching, asymptomatic; itching, dermatitisdermatitis

Humans:Humans: itching, dermatitis itching, dermatitis

Mode of Transmission: Mode of Transmission: direct contactdirect contact

Diagnosis:Diagnosis: skin scrape skin scrape

Treatment/Prevention:Treatment/Prevention: topical topical medication, good sanitation and use of medication, good sanitation and use of PPE’s PPE’s

Mange (Sarcoptes scabei)

Species:Species: mice & rats (from pet stores) mice & rats (from pet stores)

Animals:Animals: asymptomatic; wasting/weight asymptomatic; wasting/weight lossloss

Humans:Humans: asymptomatic; vomiting, asymptomatic; vomiting, diarrheadiarrhea

Mode of Transmission: Mode of Transmission: fecal-oral routefecal-oral route

Diagnosis:Diagnosis: fecal floatation fecal floatation

Treatment/Prevention:Treatment/Prevention: oral medication, oral medication, good sanitation and use of PPE’s good sanitation and use of PPE’s

Tapeworm (Rodentolepis nana)

StaphylococcusStaphylococcusStreptococcusStreptococcusTetanusTetanusCampylobacterCampylobacter

SalmonellaSalmonellaPasturellosisPasturellosisRat-bite feverRat-bite fever

Zoonotic Bacterial Diseases

Species:Species: all all

Animals:Animals: asymptomatic; small skin blisters, ulcers and wounds asymptomatic; small skin blisters, ulcers and wounds

Humans:Humans: asymptomatic; small skin blisters, ulcers and wounds, asymptomatic; small skin blisters, ulcers and wounds, septicemiasepticemia

Mode of Transmission: Mode of Transmission: exposure through non-intact exposure through non-intact skin/woundsskin/wounds

Diagnosis:Diagnosis: culture culture

Treatment/Prevention:Treatment/Prevention: oral medication, good sanitation and oral medication, good sanitation and use of PPE’s use of PPE’s

Staphylococcus and Streptococcus

Before vaccinations!Before vaccinations!

Species:Species: all all

Animals:Animals: rigid limbs rigid limbs

Humans:Humans: rigid limbs rigid limbs

Mode of Transmission: Mode of Transmission: inoculation through inoculation through skinskin

Diagnosis:Diagnosis: culture culture

Treatment/Prevention:Treatment/Prevention: oral oral

medication, good sanitation medication, good sanitation

and use of PPE’s, and use of PPE’s, vaccinationvaccination

Tetanus (Clostridium tetani)

Species:Species: all all

Animals:Animals: asymptomatic; diarrhea asymptomatic; diarrhea

Humans:Humans: asymptomatic; diarrhea, vomiting asymptomatic; diarrhea, vomiting

Mode of Transmission: Mode of Transmission: fecal-oral routefecal-oral route

Diagnosis:Diagnosis: culture culture

Treatment/Prevention:Treatment/Prevention: oral medication, good oral medication, good sanitation and use of PPE’s sanitation and use of PPE’s

Campylobacter

Species:Species: all all

Animals:Animals: asymptomatic; diarrhea asymptomatic; diarrhea

Humans:Humans: asymptomatic; diarrhea, asymptomatic; diarrhea, vomitingvomiting

Mode of Transmission: Mode of Transmission: fecal-oral fecal-oral routeroute

Diagnosis:Diagnosis: culture culture

Treatment/Prevention:Treatment/Prevention: oral oral medication, good sanitation and use medication, good sanitation and use of PPE’s of PPE’s

Salmonella

Species:Species: all all

Animals:Animals: asymptomatic; abscesses, asymptomatic; abscesses, septicemiasepticemia

Humans:Humans: asymptomatic; localized asymptomatic; localized infection in the skininfection in the skin

Mode of Transmission: Mode of Transmission: skin punctureskin puncture

Diagnosis:Diagnosis: culture culture

Treatment/Prevention:Treatment/Prevention: oral medication, oral medication, good sanitation and use of PPE’s good sanitation and use of PPE’s

Pasturellosis (Pasturella multocida)

Species:Species: rats rats

Animals:Animals: asymptomatic asymptomatic

Humans:Humans: flu-like symptoms, rash, arthritis flu-like symptoms, rash, arthritis

Mode of Transmission: Mode of Transmission: scratch or bitescratch or bite

Diagnosis:Diagnosis: culture culture

Treatment/Prevention:Treatment/Prevention: oral medication, oral medication, good sanitation and use of PPE’s good sanitation and use of PPE’s

Rat-bite Fever (Streptobacillus monilformis)

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCMV)LCMV)

Hantaan virus (never reported Hantaan virus (never reported in US commerically bred in US commerically bred rodents) rodents)

Zoonotic Viral Diseases

Species:Species: mice & rats mice & rats

Animals:Animals: asymptomatic; general poor asymptomatic; general poor conditioncondition

Humans:Humans: flu-like symptoms, joint/muscle flu-like symptoms, joint/muscle painpain

Mode of Transmission: Mode of Transmission: exposure to exposure to saliva/urinesaliva/urine

Diagnosis:Diagnosis: ELISA & antibody test ELISA & antibody test

Treatment/Prevention:Treatment/Prevention: supportive care of supportive care of symptoms, sentinel program, us of PPE’ssymptoms, sentinel program, us of PPE’s

Note:Note: risk is primarily for wild-caught animalsrisk is primarily for wild-caught animals

LCMV (Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus)

Species:Species: rats & mice rats & mice

Animals:Animals: asymptomatic asymptomatic

Humans:Humans: flu-like symptoms, kidney damage, flu-like symptoms, kidney damage, hemorrhaging & respiratory failurehemorrhaging & respiratory failure

Mode of Transmission: Mode of Transmission: exposure to urine, saliva exposure to urine, saliva or fecesor feces

Diagnosis:Diagnosis: Antibody detection Antibody detection

Treatment/Prevention:Treatment/Prevention: anti-viral therapy, anti-viral therapy, supportive care of symptoms, good sanitation supportive care of symptoms, good sanitation and use of PPE’s and use of PPE’s

Note:Note: risk is primarily for wild-caught animalsrisk is primarily for wild-caught animals

Hantaviruses

Risk higher!!! Risk higher!!! RabiesRabies ListeriosisListeriosis LeptospirosisLeptospirosis TyphusTyphus Typhoid feverTyphoid fever Yersinia pestisYersinia pestis (plague) (plague) Other ecto- and endoparasitesOther ecto- and endoparasites

Scrub typhusScrub typhus Other rickettsial diseasesOther rickettsial diseases

Wild-caught Rodents

Summary

Complete all trainingFollow facility policiesUse PPEUnderstand risksFollow protocols and safety precautionsAsk questionsReport ANY incidents, problems, or injuriesContact us for help Questions???