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Chapter 6Performm'g BasicVehicle Maneuvers

5.1Steering, Signaling, andChanging Lanes

5.2Making Turns and Turningthe Vehicle Around

You Are the Driver!6.3

ParkingSuppose you are the driver dpproaehing

this intersu‘tlon. What clues tell you that

you .er traveling on J one-way street."

What Ira/'ards‘ do the .tiiglemtir'ked vehicles

on the left present to you and to their r

drivers? What conflicts might you ennui» ,

pate in vour righttront 7one?

This chapter eVplains the hast:

rmneuvers of steering, changing Lines. j,

turning, and parking You will also learn

how to turn your \‘ehiele around and how

to start and park on hills. Finally, you will

learn when and where to perlorm these

mam-triers safely.fl‘ Take it to the NET

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Objectives1. l“'\l‘l.tlll how to

steer xtraightforward andhaeku'ard.

2. Dexerihe thecorrect use ofhand signals andexplain whenthey might beused.

3. List the propersteps torchanging lanes.

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6.1Ste 1n' Signalm' and Changm'g Lanes

Steering to'itrol i\ trztnai To \iit.\tlttexxltil dri‘. l'lL_', l )emlopit‘e

\It‘t‘tlllg eontrol imolxes attgzi:r’:‘g\l\tltll hahitx. suth ax looking tarahead into \our intended path ottrai'elr thing \paee torreeth. kkl.'ll."4‘lrling weed. and eontinualh adnixtingthe xteering “heel,

Steering Straight ForwardUse a tomtortahlu halaneed handposition, ax explained in Chapter X ax\‘ou hegin \IL‘CrlIlg control prat‘tiee.Ann tar ahead into tour intendedpath with \‘0111‘ Visual search. ,\\'t)ltllooking down at your handx~ or feet.

The xteeriné‘y adiu‘tments Youneed to make to drive in a xtraightline are small hut critical Some neudrivers tend to turn the steeringwheel too much. or overstcer. Wheni'ou o\er\tcert \‘our \‘ehiele \\ ill mm Cfrom \ide to hlth.

Other neu drivers might tend toundersteer. ’l’liexe driven do not turnthe steering wheel enough to keep thevehicle in the planned path lt'iaiti

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and \lt‘t‘l in! war it ieetfl orreet'5‘. tare-i“: the xteering

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l‘xntne '»\ ill help vou think ot'\Hti': \L’llklt' ax an e\ten\ion oi \Utltr

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all \on xoon \\ ill he ahle to dullmte‘~lv itidge the \pate \otir \ehrtle uses\\llllC it :x mm :ng and the \I‘JCL’ voullk’Ctl [U l."ldl\t' \dl’ll‘lh llldl‘lL‘LHL‘lN.

Steering Straight BackwardBacking \‘Uttt \ehiele mai' teel xtrangeat ti‘rxt, \teerinpU \\ hen mo\‘in..‘U hack-ixard lll\()l\'L‘\ l’xlltih‘ll‘lg where to[00h and hon to tontrol dirutionand \peedr ls‘et‘ore haeltine. make\Ut’t‘ votir rear zonex are elear, andtollou thew xtepx:

1. Hold the l7l‘dhk‘ pedal down andshit! to in r. l w.

2. Turn Your hodv to the right, andput iour right arm o\ er the haclxoi the pawenger \eat. look haelxthrough the rear \sindow,

. l’tit \our letit hand at the top

The driver is in the correct position for backing st'a gm

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ol the steering wheel at thell o'clock position.Release pressure on the brake lustenough to allow the vehicle tocreep backward slowly.

. While looking back through therear window, move the top of thesteering wheel toward the direc-tion you want the back of thevehicle to go.

. Keep your foot over the brakepedal while your vehicle is movingbackward. Glance quickly to thefront and sides to check traffic.Continue to look back through therear window as you brake to a stop.

Backing a Stickshnt' VehicleYou can back slowly in a stickshiftvehicle by carefully controlling youruse ofthe clutch pedal at the frictionpoint. Follow these steps for backingin a 'stickshift vehicle:

1. Push the brake and clutch pedalsdown.

2. Shift to RM Hist».3. Release the brake, and let the

clutch come out slowly to thefriction point.Holding the clutch at the friction

point allows you to back the vehicleat a slow, controlled speed. Releasingthe clutch suddenly may cause thevehicle to jerk back quickly.

\ilost stickshitt vehicles can moveslowly in trt-ytksi with the clutch atthe friction point and with no accel-eration. Keep your right foot over thebrake pedal. ready for a stop. Whenstopping. push the clutch pedal downand brake to a smooth stop. (ion-tinue to look back until the vehicle iscompletely stopped.

SignalingDevelop the habit of signaling e\er,\'time you plan to turn, change lanes.slow, or stop. Signal well in advancebefore you begin any maneuyer. Doingso gives other drivers time to react.

Eyen though all vehicles haveturn-signal devices, there will betimes when you use hand signals forfurther protection. Hand signals areoften easier to see in bright sunlight.If your turn—signal deyice does notwork. use hand signals. Many times acombination of turn lights and handsignals will be more effectiye.

\.’otice the hand and arm pOs.i-tions in the pictures. The first pictureshows the left arm and hand pointintcyup for a right turn. The second showsthe left arm and hand extendedstraight out for a left turn. The thirdpicture shows the left arm extendeddownward. indicating slow or stop.

When using hand signals. useyour right hand to maintain steeringcontrol. Make all hand and arm sig-nals well in advance of entering aturn. Return your left hand to thesteering wheel before you begin toexecute the turn.

Changing LanesDrivers must be able to execute thelane-change manetner smoothlv andsafely before they learn to pass othervehicles. (Ihantoring lanes is a maneu-ver you will use often on a roadwaywith two or more lanes of trafficmoving in your direction. You alsomay need to change lanes beforemakingy right or left turns.

At times, changingy lanes givesyou a better position or \ 1L‘\\ when

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Right turn

Left turn

Slow or stop

Oversteerlng can cause you to take an Incorrect path for changing lanes Thepicture on the right shows the correct path of travel for a smooth lane change.

driving in traftic. For example, youmight change lanes when followinga large truck on a multilane highway.By moving to a difte'rent lane, youincrease your sight distance and geta broader \ iew of the traffic scene.

Steering control is a critical fac-tor as you learn the lane-changingmaneuver. Oversteering can causeyour vehicle to turn too sharply asyou start to enter the adjoining lane.The tirst picture shows this over-steering error. At higher speeds youcould lose steering control.

Change lanes as smoothly as pos-sible. The second picture shows thesate path of travel of a vehicle e.\'e~cuting a smooth lane change.

Always follow the same proce-dure for making a lane change,regardless of your reason for makingthe lane change. Before changinglanes. check all zones for possiblehazards. \tlake sure you can see farahead in the lane of your intendedpath of travel and that there are noohstructions in either lane.

Follow these steps when makinga lane change to the left:

112 l'nlt‘. tontrolllngiour \eliicle

]. (,heck traffic in the front andlett‘front zones. (.‘hc‘ck rear zonesthrough the rearyiew mirrors.

. hignal and make a blind—spotcheck over your left~ shoulderto see if any vehicle is aboutto pass you.

. Increase your speed slightly asyou steer smoothly into the nextlane if it is clear.

. (Iancel your signal and adiustyour speed.Follow the same procedure when

making a lane change to the right.with one exception. After checkingtraftic ahead and through bothmirrors. check the blind-spot areaover your right shoulder. Take only aglance to make the check. Be carefulnot to pull the steering wheel to theright as you turn to glance over yourright shoulder. Keep steering straightas you check your blind spot. lfthelane is clear, complete the lane changeto the right the same wav you wouldmake a lane change to the left.

Review It1. Describe the procedures for

steering straight forward andbackward.

2. What are the three hand andarm signals for turns andstopping? When might thesesignals be used?

3. List the steps to follow whenchanging lanes.

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6.2Makln' Turns and Turmn'g the Vehicle Around

alone turns ptoperh dept-nth onMand good \ isual hahits. l ool tar ahead

steering Ulllllttl, speed tonttol

as you approaeh the turn. Identitiwhere \‘our \ehitle “ill go an\ ha/aitlsin \‘our path. and hots lllllLll to turn,

Hand-Over-Hand SteeringYou use hand-over-hand steeringhr pulling the steering \\ heel down\sith one hand \slnle \y'tltll otherhand erosses mer to pull the wheeltarther dtmn, l'olloh these steps fora lelt turn:I. Begin the turn from a balanced

hand position.. Start pulling down to the lett

Will] \[our left hand. Your righthand pushes the wheel towardthe left about a quarter tumRelease [tour left hand from thewheel and cross it o\'er your righthand to grasp the wheel near thetop. Continue pulling down.

You can complete the turn by con-Illllllllg to pull down \\itlt the lelthand as you release the right hand.

Some steering wheels willstraighten alter a tut'n ityou i'ela\ your

Hand-over-hand steering

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aehiele» and when hatkitie.

Push-Pull Steering\onit drners pittet push-pullsteering tor some mantuxers tonpush the steering \\llLL’l up mthone hand and pull it doun mth theother hand. l'lns method allom \‘ottto keep both hands on the \theel atall times.

'lo use this method, one handgrasps the steering wheel near the4 or 8 o'eloek position, '1 hat handthen pushes the wheel up to nearthe l2 o‘eloek position \t the sametime. the other hand slides tip to theII or 1 o'clock posttion and pullsdown. As. the pulling, hand Lolliesdown, the pushing hand returns tothe original position to eontinue theprocess. With this method, \ou nexercross your arms while driving.

Making Left and Right TurnsMake left and right turns onl\'alter checking all trat'tie ’lake

Push-pull steering

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Objectives. lltstrtl": "i and

mer-h uniIle‘ctlft;list the steps tormaking right andleft turnsIJeserihe mm. tohaels‘ left and right.Desertht theturnalwats andtell \xhieh is thesatest to use.

tat-s 113

A shared left-turn lanein. I-.'ll

Steps tor making left turns r‘yellow can andngnt turns twhlte can

these preettutronx when executingturns:

° look for pedestrians and oncotnmg \‘ehieles. Cheek rear Ionex forvehteles about to p.183 you.

° l’lnn turnx well in advance. Be inthe correct lane about a blockbefore your turn.

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- (tin-w ttll Iftlllle ugm \rgnalx, androndmx ntnrlung». Rememberthat \nu must Held to oneomtngtutu. when prepnr:ne_’ to turn lettv“her: t.trmng in t1 xtie'lohttt

xtlitt'le \ou might need to dounshiltr'x-tore entertng tt shdrp turn. Donn»~ltztt And releaxe the elutch het‘orethe turn \o \ou ltJH‘ both hand»tire for turtnt.‘g,

Procedures for Turning The num-hen m the preture on the left matchthe f'olltm mg \ICP\ tor turn~:l. l’mtttor: \our \ehtele in the (or-

reet lttne tor the turn lot .1 rightturn, be in lane poxrtton 3 itthere Are no pnrked \ehtelex Forn lett' turn be tn the lane nearestthe eenter line in lttne pmttion 2.0n rt one-nun \treet, he in the

tttr lett l.tne.t Stgnnl about haltA block betore the turn.b‘mke earh' to reduee xpeed.L'xe vour \ rsunl senreh patternto check the front 7ones tor \‘Chl-eles, pedestrians. and brevelixts.

4. Slow to about 10 mph lust betorethe erosw dllx‘.

. For .1 rrght turn. cheek to the let‘t.tgttin before turning. Then lookIn the direetton ot‘the turn. Beginturning the \s heel when \‘ourvehicles tront bumper 1» en en\s'tth the eurbltne

6. For d left turn, eheck trafficto the lett, then rtght. then lettttgtan Turn the xteertng wheelluxt betore the tront ot \our\ehtcle renehex the center ot‘ theIntetxeetion. t'onttnue lookinglett Into the lane \ou will entert\~ \ou begin your turn, rnttke n

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the right side \tll]tltt\\.( hetk frontand rear /ones, It the intersectionis clear. turn into the nearest laneof traffic going in your direction..v‘wcelerate ahout hallway through

the turn as you return the wheel tothe straightathead position.

Shared Left-Turn LaneSome left turns into business areascan he made iit midhlock lrom acenter lane. This is called a sharedleft-turn lane.

This type of left turn can he haz-ardous. lletore making a turn froma shared lel‘tAturn lane, search yourfront zones. liollow the proper pro-cedure to enter the center lane. lookahead tor oncoming traffic and beprepared to yield to any vehiclewhose path you will cross.

Backing Left and RightWhen backing to the left, your visualsearch will be primarily over yourleft shoulder through the left sidewindows; When hacking right, youwill look over your right shoulderand through the right side windows.Use hand-oyer-hand steering andfollow these steps to make sharpturns when backing.

1. Before hackingt check for traffic,pedestrians. parked vehicles. andany stationary obiects in from,around, and behind you. Turnyour head toward the directionyou will he backing.

. Keep both hands on the wheel.ready for hand-oyer-hand steer-ing. Pull the wheel to the left toback left. Pull the wheel to theright to back right. The back of

Backing Lett Backing Right

The correct driver posttions for backing to the left and to the right, and thespace and path of travel the car takes during backing

your vehicle will go in the direc-tion you turn the wheel. lookback toward the direction youwant the vehicle to go.

. Back slowly as. you enter thetttrn. \.l.tke quick glances. tothe front and sides to hesure no one is near. Beginto unwind the steeringwheel to finish the ttirnin a straight position.When backing lelt', allow

a wide space on the right sideThe front wheels will moye farto the right of the rear wheels.The hunt ofyour vehicle will swingwide to the right, When hacking right.allow a wide space on the lett~ side.

01‘ shared left-turn

lanes’> Are the hamrns

too great tor safety”

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Turning the Vehicle Around 4. Mom \‘ltm‘lv maid location 4.(heel-t all 71mm. Straighten thewheels 11 hile mu aweleratcgentlv into the proper lane

\ turnabout is a maneuver for turn-ing \(iur \CllILlC around to go in theopposite dircetion, l’iu‘ause turn?almutx ottcn {1:11:1er drners [0 crosx Back imo Driveway on Right Side

m h‘kl‘ "H" tram“ “my “mum be (home- thix turnahout ita clear derE'- ' C t g > C c“lllr‘ldfld “ h‘h “‘l" l"“”“”' wax 1\ on the right and there is no

lake these precautions when youplan to make a turnahout:

‘ lle sure ldel lam permit the

clme tratt‘ic in \‘our rear I'onex. I'histurnahout has the adxantage ot' letting\ou reenter traffic going forward.

1. ( heck traffic to the rear. Beginto slow a» vou proteed beiondthe drn ewa)‘.

. Stop about three test from thecurl1 and with your rear bumper

, iust herond the dmewa}: (.‘heck. Never attumpt .1 turnabe1~ut 1n Umk‘ and back Slow“ to [hC “gm

hm“.- (lr high-5w“ mm” _ to loeation 3. L'w hand-o1 er—hand' Check continualh in all zones tor “mint MOP “hm mm which 15

tratfie and pedestrians, ‘ unmask“ “firm. “rim;you must dead“) “Ill-Ch m thc 3. Signal a left turn. t‘hetk trat'tie.

five turnahouts (lexcrihed is best for ‘each xituation. The steps tor eachturnabout “111th the numbered carlotatiom shown in the picture»

Runabout.- Select a site \\'1th at least Still teet

ot \i\1l1iht\' in each direction.- Do not make .1 turnahout near

[a

l1]ll\ or cur1e~ or within 200 feetof intersections.

Midblock U-turn Make sure localand state lam permit thix type of

Midblock U-tum turnaliout, You need a “'1th spaceto make a L'-turn. .\ L'—turn lb rislubecause mu muxt (Hm sexeral ldllhof trallic to ewcute it.

1. Check trallit‘ ahead and to therear, and then \ignal right. l’ull tothe 1.11 right and stop at ltkdlltlll l.

2. Signal left and move towardlocation 1.

3. Check \our front and letterear7onex.t.l1etl\ vour let-t lilind spot.Turn \harply lclt 11 hile mmingxlnwly toward location 3. Donot stop it \‘ou have enough \PJLC to t'omplete the turn.

Back into orweway on right 5108

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3. Accelerate gentlt, scanning allIortes. as too dri\e forwardtoward location 4,

Pull into Driveway on Right SideThis type of turnabout is a higharskmaneuver. lo complete it, \ou mustback across two lattes of traffic andinto oncoming traffic before him ingtorward. Avoid this turnabotit when-ever possible.

1‘ Check traffic in front and rearzones. Signal .1 right turn and usethe right-turn procedure to mom:to location 2. Stop when vourvehicle is off the street.

2. Check traffic again from bothdirections. Back slowlt' acrossthe street. turnint,y left towardlocation 3. Look to the left.rear, and side when backing.(ilance to the front, then

4. \N'hen your path is clear. drive continue looking back whileforward to location '4.

Pull Into driveway on left Slde

Pull into Driveway on Left SideYou might choose this turnabout ifoncoming traffic is light and a drive-way on the left~ is available. The dis-advantage is that you must back intotraffic before moring forward.

1. Check traffic in front and rearzones. Signal a left turn and usethe left-turn procedure to moveto location 2. Stay as close tothe right side as possible. Stopwith your wheels straight whenyour vehicle is completely offthe street.

2. Check traffic again, especrallyfrom the right. Back slowly to theright to location 3. Look to theright rear and side while backing. 7 ,Stop with the wheels straight. pu” [mo dnveway on mm Side t haflcr (\ Performing llasit \thm \lurtaun ll/_

dripping .‘xith the \‘-‘lchil'\\traruht in ltitatiun 3»

3. .‘uct‘ltmlc gettx'l'n and drHL‘forward tti locathut ~l

Threel’oint Turnabout l'hrs turnAalmut is hdldrtlnlh tn perform. Ynunut nnlx' crtm traffic lanex. hut mur\ehicle is stupped acrim a trafficlane. l'wcutin; this maneuver matput [mu in a ltiuhrrixlt \ituation.

1. l'rnm lmatmn 1 check from andrear 70110. Signal right and stopclme to the curb as shown inlocation 2. ( heck traffic ahead.to the rear. and mer mur left\l](tLll(lL‘r. \1gnal a left turn.

. Search from and rear mnes .h.t'nu tutn xharpl» lett’. More tolocation 3 null wheels straight.Stop before hitting the curb.

. (iheclt all traffic again. Turn thewheels >harplv right while back—ing \lt‘WlV to location 4. Backonly ax fat as necessarv to com-plete the maneuver and beforehitting the curlx Stop with“heels straight

4. ( heck traffic again and \ignalleft. Move slowly forward whilesteering left toward location 5.

Deciding Which Turnabout to Uset‘tmxider thew factorx when decid-ing which turnahtiut to use:

' legality of the turnahoutamount of trafficI} pex. ul driveways availableneed to enter traffic lanes lbrwardor backwardample space to enter trafficnumber of traffic lane) to cross

Backing into a dt'i\'e\\a\ or alley 0n

the right side is uxuallv the \afes‘ttape nf turnahnut to u\c‘ becausewu can enter traffic forward.

\urnetimes \‘uu might need In[11.1GC a turnahuut in light traffi‘c Ifthere are drnen‘at'» on both the leftand right side» choose the left drite-\tat' to turn into. Thi< turnabout letamu hack into vuur own lane ratherthan acrtm both lanex'. Select a gapin traffic that givex mu ample timetn complete the maneuxer.

:\ three-point turnabout shouldrarelv he used. L'xe thix turnabnuttinlv when you are on a dead-endstreet or on a rural roadway withno driveways.

Review ItI. What is the procedure for

hand-over—hand steering?2. What are the steps for turn~

ing left and right?3. What procedures do you

follow to back to the leftand to the right?

4. What is the safest type ofturnabout to use? Why isthat type the safest?

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Three-punt turnabout

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6.3Parking

Some dr nerx find parking a vehiclea difficult maneuwr to e\ecute,

hecause the we ol the parking \pateotten ix limited. I’ark'ing \‘our vehiclerequirex speed control, steering control. and accurate judgment.

l‘ark'ing I\ (‘Mlt‘l' and sater it youconxider Illexe tactorx:

' Try to find a parking space withample room tor entering and e.\it7ing easily The we of mur vehicleix the main factor in determiningthe \pch‘ you chooseAvoid \tpacex at the end of park?ing lanes. and near a large vehiclethat might hloek‘ your \‘lL’W. Inend spaces, your vehicle hax agreater chance of being struckby other mm ing \‘ehiclex

To use a standard reference porrit, the driver 5line at Sight sees the center 0! the hood atArrow A and the curb at Arrow 8 “US tells thedriver that the right tires are close to the curb

' .’\\'0|tl \pacex \xith a poorh'parked \ehicle on either xide.

' l'xe reter'enct points \\ hen e\eeuting parking maneuvers.

Reference PointsMany LlI'IYCH the reterencc pointx to\erre ax guides in determining theposition of the Vehicle in the roadway. A reference point is some partol the outsrde or inxide of the \Chiclet as \ iewed from the driwr's \eat.that relates to some part ot the road-uav. Reference points can he dereloped tor the trout. side, or rear tohelp you know where \‘our Vehicle ixlocated in the roadway A standardreference point ix the point on the\ehicle that ix tvpical tor moxt drirvent 'l‘lux could heas1de\'ie\\'mu'-ror, a hood ornament, or the centerof the hood ’l he photograph \howshow the center of the hood 1» uxedtor a xtandard retierence point.

Once you learn \tandard refer»euce Pt)ll]l\ you can de\elop youron [1 personal reference points. \personal reference point ix an adapta-tion ot a standard relerence point Mrone‘s own \elucle.Yo11 will learn touxe dilterent part\ of \‘our on n \‘elucle\llLll ax \t'iper liladex door handles.or rear\ iew mtl'mh as gUld‘u.

:\\ \‘ou hegm to practice parkingmanetoerx. Vou \Hll learn whichpar'tx of \‘our \elucle to the a», personal reference pointx. \th nrll heable to line up thexe point» \\ith partxol other \ClllL'le\ to help necute themanetnerx.

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1.ObjectivesI)i»cu~'~ rtterencepointx and hon toUse them ax guide~when parking vourvehicle.Dexerihe the procedures tor angle.perpendicular, andparallel parking.I)e\cr1he ho“ topark" uphill anddOWIllllll nith andwithout a eurh.l',\'plain how tostart from anuphill parkingspace withoutrolling hack'tx'ardx.

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Angle parking

The tullmvine parking prneedurexreler tn entering .1 parking \paee tn\'ltlll right, \\hen p..-rk1r.‘_\~ tn wurlett. adiuxt wur aetmm and \ i~ualkllCLh\ for the left ude 'l he \tepx thrL'dLll prueedure maul} the numberedear locationx in the pieturex.

Angle Parking[\e angle parking tn park mur \ ehi-ele diapmnalh to the eurb. Angleparking.v 1\ when u~ed in parking lnt~and \huppine tenterx.l. ( heek tbr trat‘tie and pedextrian»

l’ositiun \nur vehicle at least \i\feet from the row of parked \‘Chl-elex, Signal a r1ghttumeheekirat-Iic to the rear. and begin braking.

2. Hash your brake lights to warndrivers behind. Cheek your rightblind spot and eontinue braking,

3. (Ireep forward until you can seethe eenter of the spaee withoutmur line of sight cutting aertmthe parkingt line. This ix \‘our ret-ei'enee point to begin turning.Turn the wheels sharply to theright, Slmx‘h’ enter the stall.

4. Straighten the wheels. when youare centered in the pace Deter-mine mur forward rele‘renee pointto place the front ofthe bumpereven With the curb or parking’ line.

Perpendicular ParkingL'se perpendicular parking topark your vehicle at a right angletn the curb.l. l’mition your \ehiele at least

eight feet lrnm the row of parked\ehielex or as far to the Mt ut'the lane as puuihle. l‘ldnl] yourbrake lights and xignal a right

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Perpendicular parking

turn (heck mu! right blindspot, and begin to brake.

. (Zheek trat'tit tn the rear. andeoiitiiiue braking.

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3. Determine mur perwnal relerAenee point to kntm when thefront bumper of your \‘ehtelepaxsex the lett rear taillight of the\‘ehiele tn the right of the emptyparking xpace. 'l urn the \\ heelxharplv right. Slmxlv enter thestall, theek mur right-reartender for elearanee.

4. Straighten the wheel: u hen youare eentered in the \paee. bu‘ allmxard ret'ereuee point, like thedri\‘er\ xide-\ iew mirror. to stopbefore the “heels. \trike the eurb.Some drhers preter backing into

a perpendieular parking spaee. The~edriven comider thi\ a xat’er maneu—\‘er beeause thev do nut back outtutu tratlie \\ hen lea\ ittg the spaee.

Leaving an Angle orPerpendicular SpaceYour \‘lL‘W olten will be blocked asyou begin to hack into moying trat?tie. Back slowly. Look to the rear andto the sides. as. you search for otherroadway users and pedestrians.l. (,‘reep straight hack while you

control speed with your tootbrake. (Hold the clutch at the trie-tion point in a stickshitt \'Clllcle.l

2. When your lr'ont bumper is evenwith the rear bumper of the vehicleon your left. begin to turn right.

3. Back into the nearest lane andstop with the wheels: straight.Shift to a forward gear and pro—ceed as you scan your front andrear zones.

Parallel ParkingUse parallel parking to park yourvehicle parallel to the curb. Selecta space that is live to six feet longerthan your vehicle. During themaneuver. the limit of your vehiclewill swing la‘r to the left. (“heck overyour lett‘ shoulder to he sure thisneeded space is clear.

1. Flash brake lights, and signal aright turn. Stop two to three feetaway from the from vehicle withthe two rear bumpers. even. Shitt‘to RI \ l.-l\‘\l. (,‘heek trat‘tie. lookhack over your right shoulder.Back slowly as you turn right.Aim toward the right-rear cornerof the space. (.‘ontrol speed withyour foot hrake lelutt‘h at l‘rie~tion point in a stickshilt \‘ehicleL

. “hen the hack ofvour seat is evenwith the rear bumper ot‘the trontvehicle. straighten the wheels.

Determine your personal retereneepoint tor this position. Slmvli' haekstraight. look o\er your shoulder.through the rear window.

. When your front bumper is C\ enwith the from vehicles. hackbumper. turn your wheels sharplylett. Back s‘loivlv. look out therear \\ indow.

. When your vehicle is parallel tothe curb. straighten wheels andstop hettue vou touch the vehiclebehind Develop reference points.

Steps lor parallel parking

(liaptu t» l‘trlor-n n; llaot \( n . e ~ ' at. '

.fiDP'VE RIGHT

9

PARKING REGULATIONS Parking regulations in most

etates speedy the maxrmxim distance a which may

loqally be parked from the curb This (fir-dance I‘i usually

6—18 inches. Know the r0q_ulati0nr,_ m your state or City.

to kntm wur Llhldlle‘ frum tht‘turh and train the \L’lllClC ht'hintlmu. \ltmlt pull lurward to wntcrwur \‘t‘hitlc in thc \pacc.

Leaving a Parallel Parking Space\th arc T‘t\}‘(lll\ll)lc for avoiding at‘ollixiun whcn lcm ing a parallelparking space. Yield to all traffic.

1. llat'k straight .slmx'lv until \‘(iurrear bumper almost touchex thcwhitlc behind, Turn whccls\harply lcft as mu stop.

2. Signal a left ttirn. (Thetk \V'our loftblind spot. Move flirward slowly.

3. (‘huk thc rig‘rht-front corner of\yuur \'L’lllklk’ fur clearantc.

4. 'l'urn your “hath \ltle tn theright \vhcn vou are halfix'a) out ofthc parking spams. Stan front 7mmand accclcratc gently as you ccntcryour \"thit‘lc In the traffic lanc.

Parking on Hillsthn parallel parking on a hill, youmuxt be sure \Ulll vehicle will not mlldown into tratfic, :\l\\'a\,'\ turn thefront \x'hcelx and set thc parking braketo prcwnt the vehicle from rollingtit)“ nliill. Procedures, for uphill and

'22 lint: tnntpn'lL-ig lutn \tlutlt

(ifl'vH'lhlll parking apply ti» parking onthr- right std: nfthc \trcct or madwax.“nllllxt \nur dLIlOl‘h and visual checkxuhcn parking on the lctt‘ Sldc‘.

Uphill Parking wrth' a Curbl. l'sing pt'rsnnal reference points.

pmitiun \‘uur \Clthl‘L chm to thcturh. lu~t bettirc stopping. turnthe xtscring u'hecl sharply left as\hll“ n in thc fir~t picture on theUPPUSHC page.\hitt' to \it ill \t. Let the \‘chicletrccp hack ~lmvl\' until the backat the rightlmnt tire gentlytnuchcx' the curb.

3. shift to l"\‘kk lllk’\l in a stick»\hitt 5, and wt tlic parking brake.

4. \\'hcn lcaxing thc parking\pdfit‘,‘1gl‘ldl.(llt(ktrdlfif.dnd

I9au’clcratc gontlx' intu thz‘ laneof traffic.

Uphill Parking wrth' No Curb1. Pull ax far off thc ruadwav as

pmsiblu luxt butt-ire mu 510p.turn the \tccring \\‘l’lL‘L‘l sharplyright. d\ in thc xcmnd picture.Shift to wax in“: in a stick—shilt'l, and sci the parking brake.

. \thn leaving thc parkingr space,lL‘I the vehicle crccp backwarduhilc \traightcninpv thc wheels.Signal and chuck tralfic. Shift toMint tiikxi in a \tickshift l, and

loa»

at’cclcratc guntlv into traffic.

Downhill Parking with a Curbl. l’mitiun your \‘chiglc close to the

kLll’l‘ and stop.2. let the vehicle creep forward

\ltm'lV whilc turning thc Steering

wheel sharpr right as In thethird pieture. let the right-fronttire rest genth against the euih,

.\hilt to rout lltl \ I lN In a 311leshitt I, and set the parking ltrake

. When lea\ mg the parking spate,ehetk trattie and haelx a shortdistance while straightening thewheels. Signal and eheek trattitagain. Shitt to llltl\l IIIItsI Ina \lltl\\.lllll I. and accelerateinto Il'dlll‘x.

Downhill Parking with No Curbl‘ollow the same proeedure as down-hill prnking with a curb. 'l‘urnwheels sharply right as. you ereepas near to the shoulder as possible.\I‘ote ll1l\. position in the fourthpicture. L'se the same steps forparking downhill with a eurh to

Downhill parking wrth curb

wmplete the maneuver and to IeaielllL parlsing spate.

When you lea\e anv hIll\' parit-ing spaee make sure you haxe a lugenough gap to enter traltit satehlraltie eoming do“ n the hrll maxhe approaching faster than youlllllll\ It Is.

Starting on a HillAt times, you might haie to stopwhile going up a hill. You mustthen he alale to start Inming forward again without rolling hurl.Starting on an uphIll grade withoutrolling haek involVes timing andeoordination.

Using Automatic TransmissionOne method tor starting on a lullwithout rolling hack involves. using

-..;~'v

Downhill parking With no curb

\ hapter In l'trtoirntngl\’.rs.e \tlIitlt \lantuurs 123

Starting on a hill in a

stickshift can be ditti»

cult. Practice first on

gentle slopes away

from traffic before you

need to start moving on

a steep hill. Use the

method with Whlch you

feel most secure and

comfortable.

the parking brake. lollow these stepswhen Using lhh method,

1. While holding the loot brakedown, set the parking brake tirmli'.

2. Move your loot to the accelera-tor, and accelerate until you feelthe engine start to pull.

3. Release the parking brake as youcontinue to accelerate.A second method tor starting on a

hill involves using only the foot brake1. Hold the tool brake down with

your left foot.2. While still holding the foot brake

with your left loot. accelerategradually until the engine startsto pull

3. Release the loot brake gentlyas you increase accelerationto mow forward.

Using a Stick'shift One methodfor starting on a hill in a stickshitt\‘ChlLlC in\'ol\es the use ol the park-ing brake. Follow these steps in astickshitt vehicle:

1. Be sure the parking brake is set.Shilt to nest.

. Use one hand to hold the steeringwheel. Hold the parking brakerelease with the other hand.

. Accelerate to a last idle. Let theclutch out to the friction point.

. Release the parking brake slowlywhen you teel the engine beginto pull.

. increase pressure on the accelera—tor. and let the clutch all the wayup as your vehicle begins tomove forward. Completelyrelease the parking brake.You might be able to coordinate

the clutch and accelerator to move

be

l24 l'ntt.‘ (ontrollinu ‘tour Vehicle

toruard wrthout Using the parkingbrake. l'ollow these steps:

1. \hit‘t to HM] while stopped.2. Keep the loot brake down while

releasing the clutch slowly. iustto the friction point.

3. Move your right foot quicklyfrom the loot brake to the accel-erator .»\ccelerate gently.

4. Release the clutch smoothly. anddLCt‘lL'fdlL' gradually.

‘JwewIt1. What are standard reference

points? How an you adaptthem to become personalreference points?

2. What are the steps for angleparking? perpendicularparking? parallel parking?

3. Which way should yourfront wheels be turned whenparking uphill with a curb?uphill with no curb? down-hill with a curb? downhill'with no curb?

4. How do you use the parkingbrake to start on a hill with-out rolling backwards?

Chapter 6

Review

Reviewing Chapter Objectives

1. Steering, Signaling, and Changing Lanes1. How do you steer straight forward and back»

ward? ( l Ill)2. How do you use hand signals correctly and

when should you use them? i l 1 ll3. What are the proper steps {or changing lanes?

( l 12)

2. Making Turns and Turning the VehicleAround

4. What is handover-hand steering? (l 13)5. What are the steps for making right and left

turns? i114)6. How do you back lelt‘ and right? (115)7. How do you execute the live turnahout

maneuvers. and which is the satc‘xs‘t to use?( 1 16-1 18)

3. Parking8. What are reference points and how do you use

them as guides when parking your vehicle?(119)

9. What are the procedures for angle. perpendic-ular, and parallel parking? (120—122)

10. How do you park uphill and downhill withand without a curb? (122—123)

11. How do you start from an uphill parking spacewithout rollingy backwards? (123—124)

Projects

IndividualsInvestigate Research your state‘s laws on turn—ahouts. Which of the turnahouts descrihed m thetext are legal in your state, and which are illegal?

Observe Trafficon which vehicles mUst parallel park. Dissent-vehicles parallel parking tor at least a halt hour.Record how many attempts to parallel park eachvehicle makes. What are the most common errorsthe drivers make in attempting to parallel park?

locate a busy street in your area

Practice Establish personal reference points inyour family vehicle that you can use when youpark. Compare your personal reference pointswith those of your classmates. Are the referencepoints you have in common “standard referencepoints"? Why or why not?

GroupsDebate Divide the group into two smallergroups to debate the pros and cons ol shared left-turn lanes. Make a list of the pros and cons yourgroup discusses. Share the list with your class.

Demonstrate ’lltke turns demonstrating thehand and arm signals you use when turning andstopping. Present your group demonstration tothe class.

(liaptrr o l’ertormmg H.\\l\ \k'luo'c \lanetoers 125

Chapter 6

CWRev

Chapter Test

Check Your KnowledgeMultiple Choice (.opv the number of eath sentence below on a sheet of paper. (home the letterofthe answer that best completes the statement oranswers the question.I. To steer straight forward, look

(al at your hand position on the steering wheel.(h) at the center line or lane lines.(cl left and right to iudge available space.(dl far ahead toward the center of your path.lo make the correct hand signal for a left turn.your left arm and hand should be(8) extended straight. lcl pointing down.(bl pointing up. tdl waving left.

. The first .step to take before you begin a lane—change maneuver is to(a) check the blind spot over your left shoulder.lb) check that roadwav ahead has no

obstructions.(c) hand signal a stop.(b) steer slightly into the next lane.

4. Backing a stickshilt vehicle requtres. skillful useof the(a) brake pedal.(b) turn signals.

(cl gearshift lever.tdl clutch pedal.

Completion Copy the number of each sentencebelow on a sheet of paper. After the number. writethe word or words. that complete the sentencecorrectly.

7011055. Before backing. make sure your-are clear.

signals are easier to see in bright sunlight.can cause your

6. _7. When changing lattes. A

vehicle to turn too sharply.8. Perform a __ only when there are no drive-

ways to use for another type of turnabout.

126 Lint] (-iittrollinglour \eluelt

Review Vocabulary{ opt the nunther ot each definition in list A.Match the tlt‘l"11l.".'tll'1 in list .\ mth the term itdetines in ll\l ll,

List A9. a part of the outside or inside of the yehicle,

as viewed trom the driyer's seat that relatesto some part of the roadwaynot turning the steering w heel enoughparking vehicle diagonally to curbmaneuver tor turning your \ehicle around togo in the opposite directionparking vehicle at right angle to curbpushing the \lL‘L‘l’lng y\ heel up with one handand down With the otherturning the steering wheel too much

10.ll.12.

13.14.

15.

List Ba. turnahoutb. push-pull steeringc. reference pointd. perpendicular

parking

e. oversteeringf. under‘steeringg. angle parking

Think Crit'icallyWrite a paragraph to answer each question.

1. You are driving down a two»way, twoJanestreet in a residential area at night during astorm. You notice that a large tree has fallendown across: the roadway ahead of you. Whattype ofturnabout should you make and why?

. \Nhen parking on a hill, what can you do tomake sure that your vehicle will not roll downinto traffic?

Decision Making

l

Tim-fr"?fiwT—pfi—\__H__I

I“,

1. You are the dnver In thls picture and need to make a turn» 2. It you were planmng to park to the row of angle-parkedabout What type 01 turnabout would you choose7 Why vehlcles, Wthh parktng space would you choose to use7would you choose thrs type7 Why rs this space the safest”

3. What procedure must the dnver of the blue car follow when 4. Whlch atrectlon should the from wheels be turned for the

leavmg the parallel parking space? If there IS a collISIon, vehicles parked uphill7 tor the vehlcles parked dovmhrll”Why IS this Important7who Is at fault7 Why9

llmplu r» l’ulwmurtl‘u llltm \rlm L ‘n‘r r “uh 127