I Year - II Semester

Environmental Studies

Detailed Syllabus

UNIT -I

Multidisciplinary nature of Environmental Studies: Definition, Scope and Importance -Sustainability: Stockholm and Rio Summit-Global Environmental Challenges: Global warming and climate change, Carbon Credits, acid rains, ozone layer depletion, population growth and explosion, effects. Role of information Technology in Environment and human health. Ecosystems: Concept of an ecosystem. ­Structure and function of an ecosystem. - Producers, consumers and decomposers. - Energy flow in the ecosystem - Ecological succession. - Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids. - Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of Forest ecosystem, Grassland. ecosystem, Desert ecosystem, Aquatic ecosystems.

UNIT -II

Natural Resources: Natural resources and associated problems Forest resources ­Use and over - exploitation, deforestation - Timber extraction - Mining, dams and other effects on forest and tribal people Water resour~s - Use and over utilization of surface and ground water - Floods, drought,' conflicts over water, dams - benefits and problems Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, Sustainable mining of Granite, Literate, Coal, Sea and River sands. Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by non-agriculture activities-effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources use of alternate energy sources Vs Oil and Natural Gas Extraction. Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, Wasteland reclamation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification. Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources. Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.

UNIT - '"

Biodiversity and its conservation: Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity- classification - Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, socialBiodiversity at national and local levels. India as a mega-diversity nation - Hot­spots of biodiversity - Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, man-wildlife conflicts ­Endangered and endemic species of India - Conservation of biodiversity: conservation of biodiversity.

UNIT -IV

Environmental Pollution: Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Noise pollution, Nuclear hazards. Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. - Pollution case studies, Sustainable Life Studies . Impact of Fire Crackers on Men and his well being. Solid Waste Management: Sources , Classification, effects and control measures of urban and industrial solid wastes. Consumerism and waste products, Biomedical, Hazardous and e - waste management.

UNIT - V

Social Issues and the Environment: Urban problems related to energy -Water conservation, rain water harvesting-Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Environmental ethics : Issues and possible solutions. Environmental Protection Act -Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. -Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act - Wildlife Protection Act -Forest Conservation Act-Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation . ­Public awareness.

Text Books:

1. Environmental Studies, K. V. S. G. Murali Krishna, VGS Publishers, Vijayawada

2. Environmental Studies , R. Rajagopalan , 2nd Edition, 2011, Oxford University Press.

3. Environmental Studies , P. N. Palanisamy, P. Manikandan, A. Geetha, and K. Manjula Rani; Pearson Education , Chennai

References:

1. Text Book of Environmental Studies, Deeshita Dave & P. Udaya Bhaskar, Cengage Learning.

2. A Textbook of Environmental Studies , Shaashi Chawla, TMH, New Delhi 3. Environmental Studies, Benny Joseph , Tata McGraw Hill Co, New Delhi 4. Perspectives in Environment Studies , Anubha Kaushik, C P Kaushik, New

Age International Publishers, 2014

I Year - II Semester

Engineering Mathematics - II

Detailed Syllabus

UNIT I

Solution of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations: Introduction- Bisection method - Method of false position - Iteration method - Newton-Raphson method (One variable and simultaneous Equations).

UNIT 2

Interpolation: Introduction- Errors in polynomial interpolation - Finite differences­Forward differencesBackward differences -Central differences - Symbolic relations and separation of symbols - Differences of a polynomial-Newton's formulae for interpolation - Interpolation with unequal intervals - Lagrange's interpolation formula.

UNIT 3

Numerical Integration and solution of Ordinary Differential equations: Trapezoidal rule- Simpson's 1/3rd and 3/8th rule-Solution of ordinary differential equations by Taylor's series-Picard's method of successive approximations-Euler's method ­Runge-Kutta method (second and fourth order).

UNIT4

Fourier Series: Introduction- Periodic functions - Fourier series of -periodic function ­Dirichlet's conditions - Even and odd functions -Change of interval- Half-range sine and cosine series.

UNITS

Applications of PDE: Method of separation of Variables- Solution of One dimensional Wave, Heat and two-dimensional Laplace equation. Fourier Transforms: Fourier integral theorem (without proof) - Fourier sine and cosine integrals - sine and cosine transforms - properties - inverse transforms - Finite Fourier transforms.

Text Books:

1. B.S.Grewal , Higher Engineering Mathematics, 43rd Edition, Khanna Publishers. 2. N.P.Bali, Engineering Mathematics, Lakshmi Publications.

Reference Books:

1. Dean G. Duffy, Advanced engineering mathematics with MATLAB, CRC Press 2. V.Ravindranath and P.vijayalakshmi, Mathematical Methods, Himalaya Publishing House. 3. Erwin Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10th Edition, Wiley-India

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4. David Kincaid, Ward Cheney, Numerical Analysis-Mathematics of Scientific Computing, 3 rd Edition, Universities Press. 5. Srimanta Pal, Subodh C.Bhunia, Engineering Mathematics, Oxford University Press. 6. Dass H.K., Rajnish Verma. Er., Higher Engineering Mathematics, S. Chand Co. Pvt. Ltd, Delhi

I Year - II Semester

Engineering Physics

Detailed Syllabus

UNIT 1 Principles of Optics for Indoor Lighting: Understanding Reflection, Refraction, Absorption, colour temperature, colour rendering index, luminous intensity , illumination, healthy lighting standards for designing indoor lighting applications like Light Pipe, Light Shelves, LED luminaries. Usage of Instruments: Lux meter, chromo meter, pyrometer. Fiber Optics: Principle of Optical fiber - Acceptance angle and acceptance cone ­Numerical aperture - V-number - Types of optical fibers (Material , Refractive index and mode) - Photonic crystal fibers - Fiber optic communication - Fiber optic sensors

UNIT 2 Thermodynamics Heat, Specific heat, latent heat, conduction, convection, radiation, laws of thermodynamics Thermodynamics in Indoor Air Understating temperature, humidity, psychometric, laws of thermodynamics to design comfortable indoor environment for houses, offices, Usage of Instruments: Temperature and humidity sensors , IR thermometers, thermal imagers, anemometer. Purpose of Insulation; Types and Application; Calculation of Insulation Thickness; Economic Thickness of Insulation(ETI); Simplified Formula for Heat Loss Calculation

UNIT 3 Stress-strain relationship - Hooke's law - Torsional Pendulum - Young's modulus by cantilever - Uniform and nonuniform bending - Stress-strain diagram for various engineering materials - Ductile and brittle materials - Mechanical properties of Engineering materials (Tensile strength, Hardness, Fatigue , Impact strength, Creep) - Fracture - Types of fracture (Elementary ideas). Verification of strength of various materials by using stress strain graph and by using searles apparatus. Applications: material & design considerations for housing .design in ambient and internal

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environments

UNIT4 Principles of Measurements and Instruments: Understanding types of instruments, Characteristics ( Range, Resolution, Sensitivity, Accuracy, Uncertainty, Response time, Repeatability, Hysteresis, Linearity, Reproducibility, Threshold, Precision, Operating environment), Calibration ( primary, secondary, field calibration, Calibration traceability) Sources of errors and estimating errors - Incomplete definition of measurement, Failure for account for factor, Environmental factors , failure to calibrate, Physical variations, parallax errors, Errors when reading scales, Errors of digital instruments.

Cause and Effect: Precooling of air in Air conditioning systems , Decrease in lumen output of a lamp, Decrease in efficacy of a lamp, Decrease in Efficiency of solar panels , Error in rainfall data installed in remote areas , Not maintaining optimum level of chlorine content in water

UNIT 5 Intensity - Loudness - Absorption coefficient and its determination - Reverberation - Reverberation time - Factors affecting acoustics of buildings and their remedies ­Sources and impacts of noise - Sound level meter - Strategies on controlling noise pollution - Ultrasonic waves and properties - Methods of Ultrasonic production (Magnetostriction and Piezoelectric) - Applications of Ultrasonics in Engineering and medicine.

Text books:

1. Physics for scientists and Engineers, Raymond Serway, John Jewett, Volume-1 and Volume-2

2. Measurement and Instrumentation Principles - Morris , Alan S 3. Measurement of systems - Application and design - Earnest O. Doeblin

I Year - II Semester

Circuit Theory

Detailed Syllabus

UNIT-I

INTRODUCTION OF CIRCUIT ELEMENTS:

Basic definition of the unit of Charge, Voltage , Current, Power and Energy, Circuit concept, Active and Passive circuit elements; Ideal, Practical and dependent sources and their V-I characteristics, Source transformation, Voltage and Current division ; V-I characteristics of Passive elements and their series / parallel combination; Star Delta transformation , Energy stored in Inductors and Capacitors Kirchhoff's Voltage law and Kirchhoff's Current law.[Text Book 2]

GRAPH THEORY:

Introduction to Graph Theory, Tree, Branch, Link, Cutset and loop matrices, relationship among various matrices and parameters, Mesh and Nodal Analysis. [Text Book 3]

UNIT - II

INTRODUCTION TO ALTERNATING CURRENTS AND VOLTAGES:

Instantaneous, Peak, Average and RMS values of various waveforms; Crest factor , Form factor; Concept of phase and phase difference in sinusoidal waveforms; Phase relation in pure resistor, Inductor and capacitor; Impedance diagram, phasor diagram, series and parallel circuits, compound Circuits. [Text Book 3]

POWER AND POWER FACTOR

Computation of active, reactive and complex powers; power factor. [Text Book 3]

UNIT -III

NETWORK THEOREMS:

Superposition theorem , Thevenin's and Norton's theorems, Reciprocity, Compensation, Maximum power transfer theorems, Tellegan's and Millman's theorems, Application of theorems to DC circuits .. Application of network theorems to AC circuits. [Text Book 1]

UNIT -IV

RESONANCE:Series resonance, Impedance and phase angle, voltages and currents, bandwidth and Q factor and its effect on bandwidth, magnification, parallel resonance, resonant frequency, variation of impedance with frequency, Q factor, magnification, reactance curves in parallel resonance. [Text Book 3]

UNIT -V

TRANSIENTS AND LAPLJ\CE tRANSFORMS:Steady state and transient response, DC and Sinusoidal response of an R-L, R-C, R-L-C circuits.

Laplace Transforms of typical signals , periodic functions, Inverse transforms, Initial and final value theorems, Application of Laplace transforms in circuit analysis .

[Text Book 1]

TEXT BOOKS: 1. William H. Hayt, Jack E. Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin , Engineering Circuit

Analysis, 6th Edition,TMH, 2002. 2. M.E.Vanvalkenburg, Network Analysis , 3rd Edition, PHI, 2003. 3. A Sudhakar and Shyam Mohan SP, Circuits and Networks : Analysis and

Synthesis, 4th Edition, TMH, 2010

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Mahmood Nahvi and Joseph Edminister, Electric Circuits , 4th Edition, Schaum's

outline series, TMH, 2004.

I Year - II Semester

Data Structures and Algorithms

Detailed Syllabus

UNIT 1 Asymptotic Notations: Big-oh , Big-omega, Theta , Little-oh, Little-omega notations, Properties of Asymptotic Notations Analysis of Algorithms: RAM Model, Analysis of Iterative and Recursive Algorithms Abstract Data Types (ADTs), Implementation and Applications of Stacks , Operations and Applications of Queues

UNIT 2 Array Implementation of Circular Queues, Implementation of Stacks using Queues, Implementation Queues using Stacks, Linked Lists, Search and Update Operations on Varieties of Linked Lists , Linked List Implementation of Stacks and Queues

UNIT3 Introduction to Trees, Implementation of Trees , Binary Trees, Tree Traversals with an Application , Binary Search Trees (BSTs) , Query and Update Operations on BSTs, AVL Trees, Rotations, Search and Update Operations on Balanced BSTs, Splay Trees, B-trees

UNIT4 Hashing: Implementation of Dictionaries, Hash Function, Collisions in Hashing , Separate Chaining , Open Addressing, Analysis of Search Operations Priority Queues: Priority Queue ADT, Binary Heap Implementation and Applications of Priority Queues

UNIT 5 Sorting Algorithms: Stability and In Place Properties, Insertion Sort, Merge Sort, Quick Sort, Heap Sort, Lower Bound for Comparison Based Sorting Algorithms, Linear Sorting Algorithms: Counting Sort, Radix Sort, Bucket Sort

Graph Algorithms: Graphs and their Representations, Graph Traversal Techniques: Breadth First Search (BFS) and Depth First Search (DFS) , Applications of BFS and DFS, Minimum Spanning Trees (MST), Prim's and Kruskal's algorithms for MST, Connected Components, Dijkstra 's Algorithm for Single Source Shortest Paths, Warshall's Algorithm for finding Transitive Closure of a Graph, Floydd 's Algorithm for All-Pairs Shortest Paths Problem

Text Books:

1. Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest and Clifford Stein , Introduction to Algorithms, Second Edition , PHI, 2009. 2. Mark Allen Weiss, Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++, Third Edition, Pearson Education, 2006 3. Ellis Horowitz, Sartaj Sahni and Sanguthevar Rajasekaran , Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms, Second Edition, Universities Press, 2011 . 4. Michael T.Goodrich and Roberto Tamassia, Algorithm Design: Foundations, Analysis and Internet Examples, Second Edition , Wiley-India, 2006.

I Year - II Semester Digital Electronics

Detailed Syllabus

UNIT 1 Data and Number systems - Binary representations, codes and conversions ­BCD, Octal, Hexadecimal, ASCII, Gray, signed number representation with 1's and 2's complement methods. Binary arithmetic.

UNIT2 Combinational circuits - Boolean algebra, Venn diagrams, Logic Gates and circuits, Minimization of logical expressions using algebraic method and truth tables, K-map method, Quine-McCluskey Method. Analysis and Synthesis of combinational circuits - Multiplexer, Encoder, Decoder, Adder, Subtractor, Comparator, Parity checker, Priority encoder. '

UNIT3 Sequential circuits - Synchronous and Asynchronous, Sequential Circuits - Flip­flop: SR, JK, D, and T. Registers-Buffer register, shift register. Counters ­Asynchronous counter. Synchronous counter. Sequential circuits design methodology.

UNIT4 Finite State Machines - State machine, state variables, state tables and state transition diagrams. Moore machine and Mealy machine - concept, applications and examples. Finite state machine - minimization

UNITS CPLDs and FPGAs - Architecture and applications VHDL - Introduction to VHDL, Behavioural model, Structural Model, Data flow model, Functions and procedures, Tools, Creating logics in VHDL

Text Books: 1. Switching Theory and Finite state Automata - Z Kohavi 2. Digital Design Principles and Practices - John F Wakerly, Prentice-Hall 3. VHDL for Programmable Logic - Skahill Kevin, Addison Wesley

I Year - " Semester

Engineering Physics Lab

1. Estimate the heat load for office and justify the estimate by measuring the

temperature and Relative humidity. Represent the data using control charts

with reference to standard working conditions.

2. Controlling water temperature by controlling the voltage levels in a water

heater from the feedback of temperature sensor

3. Measure the light intensity at various locations and heights and estimate if

intensity levels are sufficient enough as per Standards.

4. Identify the leakages of cool air from the windows using Thermal Imager and

estimate the amount of heat loss.

5. Measure the sound levels in seminar hall at various locations using decibel

meter and estimate if intensity levels are sufficient enough as per Standards.

6. Calibrate temperature and humidity sensors using Saturated salt solutions

7. Test the reliability of various materials (metals/non-metals) using salt solutions,

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I Year - II Semester

Data Structures Lab

1. Write a program to implement stack using arrays . . • , <\

2. Write a program to evaluate a given postfix expression using stacks.

3. Write a program to convert a given infix expression to postfix form using stacks.

4. Write a program to implement circular queue using arrays.

5. Write a program to implement double ended queue (de queue) using arrays.

6. Write a program to implement a stack using two queues such that the push

operation runs in constant time and ttie' pop operation runs in linear time.

7. Write a program to implement a stack using two queues such that the push

operation runs in linear time and the pop operation runs in constant time.

8. Write a program to implement a queue using two stacks such that the enqueue

operation runs in constant time and the dequeue operation runs in linear time.

9. Write a program to implement a ,queue using two stacks such that the enqueue

operation runs in linear time and the dequeue operation runs in constant time.

10. Write programs to implement the following data structures:

(a) Single linked list

(b) Double linked list

11. Write a program to implement a stack using a linked list such that the push and

pop operations of stack still take 0(1) time.

12. Write a program to implement a queue using a linked list such that the enqueue

and dequeue operations of queue take 0(1) time.

13 . Write a program to create a binary search tree(BST) by considering the keys in

given order and perform the following operations on it.

(a) Minimum key

(b) Maximum key

(c) Search for a given key

(d) Find predecessor of a node

(e) Find successor of a node

(f) delete a node with given key

14. Write a program to construct an AVL tree for the given set of keys. Also write

function for deleting a key from the given AVL tree .

15. Write a program to implement hashing with (a) Separate Chaining and (b) Open

addressing methods.

16. Implement the following sorting algorithms:

(a) Insertion sort

(b) Merge sort

(c) Quick sort

(d) Heap sort

17. Write programs for implementation of graph traversals by applying : (a) BFS (b)

DFS

18. Write programs to find out a minimum spanning tree of a simple connected

undirected graph by applying: (a) Prim's algorithm (b) Krushkal's algorithm

19. Write a program to implement Dijkstra's algorithm for solving single source

shortest path problem using priority queue.

20. Write a program to implement Floyd-Warshall algorithm for solving all pairs

shortest path problem.

I Year - II Semester

Digital & Basic Electronics Lab

1. Design a logic circuit for Binary to Gray and Gray to Binary conversion

2. Universal Gates

a) Relization of AND , OR, NOT, EX-OR, EX-NOR and NOR by using NAND

b) Relization of AND, OR, NOT, EX-OR, EX-NOR and NAND by using NOR "

c) SOP and POS Boolean 'expressions - resolving with minimum number of

gates

3. Counter design - BCD, Ring, Ripple and Jhonson counter

a) Synchronous

b) Asynchronous

4. Minimization using necessary techniques

a) Resolve and implement 4/5 variable equation (equations in SOP and POS

form)

b) Counter design for the following sequence in Synchronous and

Asynchronous modes

0010,0100,0110,1000,1010,1100,1110,1111,0010

5. Design and implement following logics in CPLD

a) Priority Encoder

b) Interrupt controller

c) Programmable Peripheral interface

d) Programmable interval Timer

e) Parallel to Serial and Serial to Parallel conversion

f) Clock Divider with any given number (user defined)

g) Create 8X8 RAM

h) Tele-phonic Key board scanning with de-bounce checking

i) Counters

j) 4-bit shifter