I SRAEL ' S Y OUTH A T R ISK Jack Habib Director, Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute December 9, 2013 M...

ISRAEL'S YOUTH AT RISK

Jack HabibDirector, Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute

December 9, 2013

MAKING A DIFFERENCE THROUGH RESEARCH

2

YOUTH AGE 12-17 IN ISRAEL (2011)

Making a Difference Through Research DECEMBER 2013

• 760,000 youth between ages 12 and 17 in Israel

• 9% of the total population

Source: The National Council for the Child. 2012. The State of the Child in Israel - 2012 (in Hebrew only).

Jewish* 70

Arab-Israeli 27

*Includes 3% Other

3

BASIC DEMOGRAPHICS OF ALL CHILDREN AND YOUTH TO AGE 17

(2011)


• 17% of families have at 4+ children. 5% have 6+ children.

• Large families are common among the Haredim, Arab-Israelis, and Ethiopian immigrants

• 9% of children and youth live insingle-parent families

• 9% are immigrants or were born in Israel to parents who immigrated since 1990

Source: The National Council for the Child. 2012. The State of the Child in Israel - 2012 (in Hebrew only).

4

CHILDREN AND YOUTH TO AGE 17 IN POVERTY, 1993-2011 (IN %)


1993 2000 20110

10

20

30

40

3336

42

2225

36

Sources: Asher Ben-Arieh presentation. Children at Risk in Israel. 2013. Haruv Institute. National Insurance Institute. Report on Poverty in Israel. 2011. (Hebrew)

(960,000 children and youth)

Before taxes/transfers

After taxes/ transfers

(860,000 children and youth)

5

CHILDREN AND YOUTH TO AGE 17

IN POVERTY*, BY POPULATION, 2011 (IN %)


General popu-lation

Haredi Arab-Israeli Other children0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

42

65 66

16

*After taxes and transfersSource: MJB Special Analysis of Israel Central Bureau of Statistics Income Survey.

6

CHILDREN AND YOUTH IN THE CHILD WELFARE SYSTEM


• 17% of all children and youth were registered with municipal social service departments in 2012—up from 13% in 2001

• About 50,000 suspected cases of violence or neglect against children were reported to the social welfare services in 2011

• Rates of youth at risk living in out-of-home care settings have declined over time

• Therefore more youth at risk require care in the communitySources: Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2013 Statistical Abstract of Israel. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. “Selected Data for the International Child Day” (press release, November 18, 2013)

7

NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH AT RISK: 7

AREAS OF RISK


Education achievemen

tsSocial integration

Physical health/

development

Emotionalwell-being

Parental care

Protection from

others

Protection from risk

behaviors

8

CHILDREN AND YOUTH IDENTIFIED "AT RISK" THROUGH THE NATIONAL

PROGRAM (2009)


No. of children in NP

communities

No. of children

at risk% of children

at risk*

Total 950,000 156,000 16

Age 12-17 274,000 48,000 17

Age 6-11 324,000 60,000 18

Age 0-5 352,000 48,000 14

Source: Based on data collected through the National Program for Children and Youth at Risk. Szabo-Lael, R. & Hasin, T. 2011. At Risk Children and Youth. Myers-JDC Brookdale Institute.

9

PERCENTAGE OF YOUTH AGES 12-17 WITH SPECIFIC RISKS IN NP

COMMUNITIES (2009)


4.6 Physical health and development

12.8 Parental care

11.9 Educational achievements

8.8 Emotional well-being

7.6 Social integration

3.4 Protection from others

4.2 Protection from risk behaviors


10

NUMBER OF AREAS OF RISK AMONG CHILDREN IDENTIFIED AT

RISK (2009)


1 area

32%

2 areas 34%

3 ar-eas 34%

1 area

24%

2 ar-eas 28%

3 ar-eas 48%

Areas:• Parental care• School/Developmental• Emotional/Social/Behavioral

Youth (age 12 to 17)


Children (birth to 11)

11

HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR: ALCOHOL & VIOLENCE (2010)


Sources: Special analysis of HBSC 2010-11 survey data by Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute; P. Kahan-Strawczynski, Amiel S., Levi D., Konstantinov V. 2012.

Frequent Violent Behavior in Past 2 Months (age 12-16)

Become "drunk" at least once (age 15-17)

Used alcohol within previous week (age 15-17)

0 10 20 30

10

32

23Boys = 31%Girls = 15%

12

HIGH RISK BEHAVIOR: IMMIGRANT YOUTH (2012)


Source: P. Kahan-Strawczynski, Amiel S., Levi D., Konstantinov V. 2012. The Integration of First and Second Generations of Immigrant Youth from Ethiopia and the Former Soviet Union. Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute.

Higher rates of alcohol use among:

• 1st- and 2nd-generation youth from FSU

• 2nd-generation Ethiopian-Israelis

13

ISRAELI SCORES ON INTERNATIONAL PISA TESTS


Sources: RAMA: The National Authority for Measurement and Evaluation in Education. 2011. Main Findings from the TIMSS 2011 Study: Mathematics and Science Achievements Among Eighth Graders in Israel; “Education Survey: Israel Schoolchildren Behind OECD Average.” <http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4460857,00.html>. 4 December 2013.

• Israel's rankings on various international tests have raised major concerns, but recently released newer findings have indicated improvement.

• 2011 TIMSS: 7th out of 42 countries in mathematics and 13th in science

• 2012 PISA: 33rd out of 58 countries on reading, and 40th on math and science tests

http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4460857,00.html

14

YOUTH NOT COMPLETING HIGH SCHOOL

(%, 2000 TO 2012)


2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Even very high-risk youth remain in high school in Israel, requiring special support

All youth

Jews

Arab-Israelis

Source: Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2013 Statistical Abstract of Israel.

1414

29

1010

13

15

MATRICULATION RATES (%, 2000-2011)


2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

10

20

30

40

50

60

Basic matriculation diploma

University-eligible matriculation diploma

55

44

59

49


Some improvement over the decade, but less than half receive a matriculation diploma.

16

EDUCATIONAL GAPS: UNIVERSITY-ELIGIBLE MATRICULATION (%,

2012)


Socio-economic level of community

(Jewish students)

Population

High Low

72%

17%

52%

40%

24%


Very significant educational gaps.

17

SOCIOECONOMIC GAPS: TEST SCORES


• Significant socioeconomic gaps on:

• Meitzav Israeli national educational tests

• TIMSS and PISA international tests in literacy, mathematics, and science

• Israel’s socioeconomic gaps in achievements on international tests have remained among the largest in the world

18

PROBLEMS IN SCHOOL AND SPECIAL NEEDS, JUNIOR HIGH

AND HIGH SCHOOL (%)


Youth in special education* (2012)

Learning or behavior difficulties** (2012)

School alienation* (2010)

0 10 20 30

7

30

20

Source: Ben-Rabi D., Baruj-Kovarsky R., Konstantinov V., Rotem R., and Cohen-Navot M. 2012. Second National Study of Elementary and Junior High School Practices to Advance Students With Difficulties. Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute.

* Junior high and high school ** Junior high school only

19

ADEQUACY OF SUPPORT FOR STUDENTS WITH DIFFICULTIES IN

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL


• Important types of support are not available in many classes (extra learning support within the class, mentoring and working with parents)

• Close to half of teachers assess that the primary types of support are insufficiently effective

• Most teachers think that almost half of students with difficulties do not receive the support they need

Source: Ben-Rabi D., Baruj-Kovarsky R., Konstantinov V., Rotem R., and Cohen-Navot M. 2012. Second National Study of Elementary and Junior High School Practices to Advance Students With Difficulties. Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute.

20

RECENT POLICY DEVELOPMENTS


• National Program for Children and Youth at Risk

• Reforms of the Educational System

• “Towards the Community” reform in child welfare

• Legislation

• Special education law

• Compulsory education to age 18

21

SOME KEY SUBSTANTIVE CHALLENGES


1. Prevention

2. Inclusiveness in the schools

3. Alternative educational frameworks (vocational/technical education)

4. High-end risk

5. Transitions to adulthood

6. Enhancing our understanding of the needs and of program effectiveness

22

ISRAELI SCORES ON INTERNATIONAL PISA TESTS


Science Reading Math410

420

430

440

450

460

470

480

490

454 439 442455 474 447470 486 466

2006 2009 20122006 2009 20122006 2009 2012

Source: PISA 2012. http://cms.education.gov.il/educationcms/units/rama

http://cms.education.gov.il/educationcms/units/rama



I SRAEL ' S Y OUTH A T R ISK Jack Habib Director, Myers-JDC-Brookdale Institute December 9, 2013 M...

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