I Scream, You Scream, We All Scream for Ice Cream!

Sarah Beeson, Jill Hall, Sarah Regan

Cold Stone Creamery

Founded in 1988 in Tempe, Arizona

Uses in-store made ice cream that is combined with mix-ins, candy, and other toppings to create a new flavor

Open year roundIce cream parlor

chain

Maggie Moo’s

Founded in 1989 in Kansas City, Kansas

136 Treateries in 43 US states, Singapore, and Puerto Rico

Specializes in ice cream and other desserts

Independently owned and operated franchise stores

Our TopicWe set out to compare Cold

Stone and Maggie Moo’sWe went to two Cold Stone’s

(Warrington and Willow Grove) and two Maggie Moo’s’ (Warrington and Landsale)

Observed and surveyed for subject’s gender, order, price paid, size, preference, and frequency visited

ProcedureObserved customers in two of

each store from May 27- 31Allowed customer to order and

surveyed every third customer to ensure randomness

Used data table to record information

Exploratory Data Analysis

Seasonally is the most common◦ With Sometimes

close behindFrequently is the

least common◦ Possibly due to ice

cream being seen as a seasonal treat

Bar Graph of Frequency of Visits

4

8

12

16

20

How_Often

freq

uent

ly

som

etim

es

seas

onal

ly

alm

ost n

ever

count

Combined Data Bar Chart

Frequently- 11.67%Sometimes- 31.67%Seasonally- 36.67%Almost Never- 20%

Gender and Flavor

With the exception of coffee and chocolate, flavors are fairly evenly distributed between gender

Conclude gender has no effect on flavor

Flavor

0

8cake batter

0

8chocolate

0

8coffee

0

8mint

0

8specialty

0

8straw berry

8vanilla

Gender

female male

count

Combined Data Bar Chart

Cake Batter- 50% female, 50% maleChocolate- 70% female, 30% maleCoffee- 80% female, 20% maleMint- 55.56% female, 44.44% male

Specialty- 62.5% female, 37.5% maleStrawberry- 40% female, 60% maleVanilla- 54.54% female, 45.46% male

Store Preference

Cold Stone and Maggie Moo’s preference is approximately evenly distributed between the two

We conclude that the population is evenly split on favorite store

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Preference

cold stone maggie moo's

count

Combined Data Bar Chart

Cold Stone- 51.67%Maggie Moo’s- 48.33%

Size

Small and Medium are approximately evenly distributed◦ Large has a much

smaller frequencyWe conclude that

the majority of the population orders small or medium

5

10

15

20

25

Size

small medium large

count

Combined Data Bar Chart

Small- 40%Medium- 38.33%Large- 21.67%

5

10

15

20

25

30

Price

3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0

Combined Data Histogram

Price

There are gaps between $3.50 and slightly less than $4.25, slightly above $4.25 and $4.50, and between approximately $5.12 and $5.30.

We conclude that the average price paid is around $4.80◦ Size and amount of

toppings affect price

Histogram is right skewed. It spreads from $3.25 to $6.75. The center is $4.81.

Gender and Preference

Preference for store is approximately evenly distributed by each gender

We conclude that gender and preference are not dependent

Gender

0

4

8

12

16

20

female

4

8

12

16

20

male

Preference

cold stone maggie moo's

count

Combined Data Bar Chart

Cold Stone: male- 38.71% female- 61.29%

Maggie Moo’s: male- 41.38% female- 58.62%

Data Analysisχ2 GOF test for variety of flavorsχ2 test of homogeneity to

compare sizeχ2 test of independence for

gender vs. store preferred

x2 GOF Test for Variety of Flavors

Hypotheses◦Ho: Observed distribution of flavors fits the

expected distribution of flavors◦Ha: Observed distribution of flavors does not

fit the expected distribution of flavors

Flavorcake batter chocolate coffee mint specialty strawberry vanilla total

Frequency 4 10 5 9 16 5 11 60

Flavor cake batter chocolate coffee mint specialty strawberry vanilla total

Frequency 8.5714 8.5714 8.5714 8.5714 8.5714 8.5714 8.5714 60

x2 GOF Test for Variety of Flavors

State Check

1. Categorical data

2. SRS

3. All expected counts ≥ 5

1. Flavor and frequency are both categorical

2. Assumed representative

3. 8.5714 ≥ 5

Conditions metx2 distribution x2 GOF test

x2 GOF Test for Variety of Flavors

x2= 12.8p= .0463df=59We reject the Ho because the p-value

of .0464 is less than alpha=.05We have sufficient evidence that the

observed distribution of flavors does not fit the expected distribution of flavors

...5714.8

)5714.810(

5714.8

)5714.84(

exp

exp)( 2222

obs

x2 Test for Homogeneity

Hypotheses◦The distribution of sizes at Maggie Moo’s

and Cold Stone is equal◦The distribution of sizes at Maggie Moo’s

and Cold Stone is not equal

RowSummary

Column Summary

SizeSize

medium small

Size

large

cold stone

maggie moo'sStore_At

1 (6.5) 6 (11.5) 23 (12.0)

12 (6.5) 17 (11.5) 1 (12.0)

13 23 24

30

30

60

x2 Test for Homogeneity

State Check

1. Categorical Data

2. SRS

3. All expected counts ≥ 5

1. Size and the store at are both categorical

2. Assumed representative

3. Counts are all above 5

Conditions metx2 distribution x2 test for homogeneity

x2 Test for Homogeneity

x2= 34.74p= 2.8596x10-8

df= 2We reject the Ho because the p-value of

2.8596x10-8 is less that alpha=.05.We have sufficient evidence that the

distribution of sizes ordered at Cold Stone and Maggie Moo’s is not equal.

...5.11

)5.116(

5.6

)5.61(

exp

exp)( 2222

obs

x2 Test for Independence

Hypotheses◦Gender and preference are independent of

each other◦Gender and preference are dependent on

each otherFirst attribute (categorical): Preference

Second attribute (categorical): Gender

RowSummary

Column Summary

Preference

maggie moo's

Preference

cold stone

female

maleGender

19 (18.6) 17 (17.4)

12 (12.4) 12 (11.6)

31 29

36

24

60

x2 Test for Independence

State Check

1. Categorical Data

2. SRS

3. All expected counts ≥ 5

1. Gender and preference are categorical

2. Assumed representative

3. Counts are all above 5

Conditions metx2 distribution x2 test for independence

x2 Test for Independence

x2= .04449p= .83df= 1We fail to reject the Ho because the p-value

of .83 is greater than alpha=.05.We have sufficient evidence that gender and

preference for Cold Stone and Maggie Moo’s are dependent variables.

...4.17

)4.1717(

6.18

)6.1819(

exp

exp)( 2222

obs

Conclusions from Testsχ2 GOF test for variety of flavors

◦Observed distribution of flavors does not fit the expected distribution of flavors

χ2 test of homogeneity to compare size◦Distribution of sizes ordered at Cold Stone

and Maggie Moo’s is not equalχ2 test of independence for gender vs.

store preferred◦Gender and preference for Cold Stone and

Maggie Moo’s are dependent variables

Bias and ErrorUndercoverage

◦Only surveyed 4 stores in the area; other areas may be different

Time of day/ year◦Different times of day would get

different responsesNumber of toppings

◦Large numbers of toppings affect price

Personal Opinions and ConclusionsPreference for store was basically

evenly distributed between subjects◦Preference broken down by gender

was also even Project took a lot of time and

effort◦More time would have allowed for

better data collection