Denielle Genesis B. Camato

I. SAFETY IN THE CLINICAL LAB ANALYSIS OF URINALYSIS AND BODY FLUIDS | REVIEWER

1

TYPES OF SAFETY HAZARDS

BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

CHAIN OF INFECTION- manner as to which microorganisms are transmitted.

Continuous Link: SOURCE METHOD OF TRANSMISSION SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

In the lab, the most direct contact with the source of infection is through contact with patient specimens, although contact with patients and infected objects also occurs.

OBJECTIVE: Preventing completion of the chain of infection is the primary objective of biological safety.

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) concern over exposure to blood-borne pathogens;

HBV & HIV Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA)

to prevent exposure Universal Precautions (UP)

1987; instituted by the CDC; All patients are considered to be possible carriers of

blood borne pathogens. Body Substance Isolation (BSI)

Modification of UP; considers all body fluids and moist body substances to be potentially infectious.

BIOHAZARD SYMBOL

HOST

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS IMMUNIZATION OSHA GUIDELINES HEALTHY LIFE STYLE

SOURCE

HANDWASHING BIOHAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL DECONTAMINATION SPECIMEN BAGGING

TRANSMISSION

HAND WASHING PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AEROSOL PREVENTION STERILE EQUIPMENT PEST CONTROL

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS 1996; COMBINED MAJOR FEATURES OF THE UP & BSI

1. HAND WASHING 2. GLOVES 3. MASK, EYE PROTECTION & FACE SHIELD 4. GOWN 5. PATIENT-CARE EQUIPMENT 6. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL 7. LINEN 8. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & BLOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS 9. PATIENT PLACEMENT

HANDWASHING

1. WET HANDS WITH WARM WATER 2. APPLY ANTI-MICROBIAL SOAP 3. RUB TO FORM A LATHER, CREATE FRICTION, AND

LOOSEN DEBRIS 4. THOROUGHLY CLEAN BETWEEN FINGERS & UNDER

FINGERNAILS & RINGS, & UP TO THE WRIST FOR AT LEAST 15 SECONDS

5. RINSE HANDS IN DOWNWARD POSITION 6. DRY WITH PAPER TOWEL 7. TURN OFF FAUCETS WITH THE USED PAPER TOWEL TO

PREVENT RECONTAMINATION

TYPE SOURCE POSSIBLE INJURY

BIOLOGICAL Infectious agent Bacterial, fungal, viral, parasitic infections

SHARP Needles Lancets Broken glass

Cuts, punctures, bloodborne pathogen exposure

CHEMICAL Preservatives and reagents

Exposure to toxic, carcinogenic, causatic agents

RADIOACTIVE Equipment Radioisotopes

Radiation exposure

ELECTRICAL Ungrounded or wet equipment and frayed cords

Burns or shock

FIRE/EXPLOSIVE Bunsen burners and organic chemicals

Burns or dismemberment

PHYSICAL Wet floors, heavy boxes, and patients

Falls, sprains or strains

Denielle Genesis B. Camato

I. SAFETY IN THE CLINICAL LAB ANALYSIS OF URINALYSIS AND BODY FLUIDS | REVIEWER

2

FIRE TYPE COMPOSITIONS OF FIRE

TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER

EXTINGUISHING MATERIAL

CLASS A Wood, paper, or clothing

CLASS A WATER

CLASS B Flammable organic chemicals

CLASS B Dry chemicals, CO2, Foam or Halon

CLASS C Electrical CLASS C Dry chemicals, CO2, or halon

CLASS D Combustible metals CLASS ABC Dry chemicals

CHEMICAL SPILLS best firs aid is to flush the area with large amounts of water.

CHEMICAL HYGIENE PLAN

Appropriate work practices SOP Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Engineering controls such as fume hoods &

flammable safety cabinets Employee training requirement Medical consultation guidelines

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS)

- Employees have a right to know about all chemical hazards present in their workplace. Includes the ff:

Physical & chemical characteristics Fire and explosion potential Reactivity potential Health hazards Methods for safe handling

RADIOACTIVE HAZARDS

- procedures using radioisotopes (xray, nuclear medicine)

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

- equipments should not be operated with wet hands.

FIRE/EXPLOSIVE HAZARD

(JCAHO)- Joint Commission on Accreditationn of Healthcare Organizations; requires that all health-care institutions post evacuation routes and detailed plans to follow in the event of a fire.

RACE

R- RESCUE; rescue anyone in immediate danger

A- ALARM; activate institutional fire alarm system

C-CONTAIN; close all doors to potentially affected areas

E-EXTINGUISH; attempt to extinguish the fire; if possible

TYPES OF FIRE & FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

HALON

halogenalkane a group of chemical compounds consisting of alkanes

with link halogens. In particular, bromine-containing haloalkanes.

HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Denielle Genesis B. Camato

I. SAFETY IN THE CLINICAL LAB ANALYSIS OF URINALYSIS AND BODY FLUIDS | REVIEWER

3

TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

avoid running in rooms and hallways watch for wet floors bend the knees when lifting objects keep long hair pulled back Avoid dangling jewelry Maintain a clean, organized work area. Closed-toe shoes that provide maximum support

are essential for safety and comfort