I. Quiz 4 CV physiology 8:15 next T < class Presentations. Q? · 2019-02-14 · I. Quiz 4 CV...
Transcript of I. Quiz 4 CV physiology 8:15 next T < class Presentations. Q? · 2019-02-14 · I. Quiz 4 CV...
I. Quiz 4 CV physiology 8:15 next T < class Presentations. Q?
For Quiz, 12 n section go to 112 WIL with Nelson @ ~ 8:15!II. Endocrinology Overview [Lecture 10] G&H ch 75, 76
III.Med Physiol News Sex Allergy? Mom’s eggs execute dad’s mitochondria? Science News
IV.Reproductive Physiology Primer G&H ch 82,81 +L Sherwood…
A. Female reproductive system fig 82-1, 82-2
B. Ovarian hormones +FB: estrogen, progesterone pp 1042-7
C. Follicle growth & ovulation mechanism fig 82-5, 82-3
D. Plasma gonadotropin & ovarian hormone [ ] in female sexual cycle fig 82-4
E. Female sexual cycle, menstruation fig 82-4, 82-9
F. Estrogen [ ] throughout lifespan, menopause fig 82-12
G. Birth control techniques L Sherwood + G&H
H. Male reproductive system fig 81-1 A & B
I. Sperm & development fig 81-2, 81-7, 81-3, 81-4, 81-5
J. Feedback regulation in males fig 81-10
K. Plasma testosterone [ ] throughout lifespan fig 81-9
Dr. Garrett Thursday! Dr. Kaplan following Tuesday! Hooray!!...Lecture 12
T = 0, near normal T = 4 months later
Cushing’s Syndrome = Hypersecretionof Cortisol: Hypothalamic (CRH),
Pituitary (ACTH), or Adrenal (Cortisol)
Endocrine or Hormone?
Made by gland?1
Secreted into blood?2
Acts on target?3
Endocrine or Hormone ClassificationsEndogenousExogenous
Amino Acid, PP or Protein
Steroid
ThyroidPorcine
Bovine
Recombinant DNA
G&H 2016 fig 75-3, G&H 2011 fig 74-3
Steroid Hormone Structure: Cholesterol Backbone
G&H 2016 fig 75-1
G&H 2011 fig 74-1
ANP =Atrial Natriuretic Polypeptide
1
Vasodilation2
BP
Krieger & Hughes 1980
Hypothalamus – Posterior Pituitary Nervous Connection
G&H 2016 fig 76-9
G&H 2011 fig 75-9
ADH/VP
OXY
H2O retentionby kidneys
Contraction ofsexual smooth m
Hypothalamus – Anterior Pituitary Vascular Connection
G&H 2016 fig 76-4
G&H 2011 fig 75-4
Releasing (RH)/Release-Inhibiting (RIH)
Hormones
1 of 6 Trophic/
Nourishing Hormones
Capillary-Venule-Capillary Circulation
Krieger & Hughes 1980
NB:Ensures RH/RIH super-
concentrated upon arrival
@ anterior pituitary!
Krieger & Hughes
1980
Long hypophyseal-portal veins
Pituitaryremoved!
Infin
dib
ulu
m/s
talk
G&H 2016 tab 75-1
G&H 2011 tab 74-1
Anterior Pituitary Metabolic Functions
G&H 2016 fig 76-2
G&H 2011 fig 75-2
SI Fox 2008Hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary
LS 1991
GH, a Protein Hormone (191 AA)
G&H 2016
fig 76-5
LS2 2006
LS 2012 fig 17-11
Progression & Development of Acromegaly
Growth Hormone ≡
Somatotrophic Hormone
Body Builder’s Dream?
GH/STH Effects: Insulin
Amino acid uptake & protein synthesis
Lipolysis & fatty acid mobilization
Glucose uptake
(skeletal muscle & adipocytes)
Glucose production
(liver glycogenolysis)
Insulin secretion
Resistance/Type II Diabetes?
Increase GH naturally with exercise & sleep!!
cf: G&H 2016 fig 76-6
G&H 2011 fig 75-6
0800 1200 1600 2400 0400 0800
Questions + Discussion
Semen? G&H 2016 p 1024G&H 2011 p 976
~60% seminal vesicle fluid -mucoid, PGE2, fructose, fibrinogen
~30% prostatic fluid -NaHCO3, clotting enzyme, Ca2+, profibrinolysin
~10% sperm + vas deferens fluid
May Day! May Day! We’re doomed!!
Female Reproductive System
G&H 2016 fig 82-1
G&H 2011 fig 81-1
Gonadotropes/Basophilic Cells
LH/Luteinizing HormoneFSH/Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Ovary– Corpus Luteum
PRG/Progesterone
Ovary– Follicles (~8-14)
E/Estrogen (17-ß Estradiol)
_ _GnRH
1 Hypothalamus
2 Anterior Pituitary
Target Organs – Ovaries3
10 Female Hormones
What Do Estrogen & Progesterone Do?
Estrogen – E
Growth & Development of:
1. Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia
2. Breasts stroma, ductile systems, adipocytes
3. Skeleton osteoblastic activity
Progesterone – PRG
Promotes Progestation!
1. Uterus: endometrium Secretory Δ during last ½ of monthly cycle
2. Breasts: lobules & alveoli
3. Uterus: smooth muscle excitability & motility
4. Hypothalamus: body temp ~ 0.5 0F
Uterus, Ovary & Uterine/Fallopian Tube
G&H 2016 fig 82-2
G&H 2011 fig 81-2
Stigma
≡ Sheath or case
≡ Grainor seed
≡ Sac or cavity
Egg ≡
Yellow body ≡
Ovary 1.5-3.0 cm
Ovum ~100 μ .
G&H 2016 fig 82-5
G&H 2011 fig 81-4
Primary Oocytes
Ovum
Graffian Follicle withdeveloping ovum/egg
Follicle undergoing atresia
Ovary cross section
H Howard 1984
Proposed Ovulation Mechanism
G&H 2016 fig 82-6
G&H 2011 fig 81-5
LS1 2004
Estrogen Production: Theca & Granulosa Cell Interaction
G&H 2016 fig 82-8 G&H 2011 fig 81-7
G&H 2016 fig 82-4
G&H 2011 fig 81-3
Up to 6 mm thick!
G&H 2016 fig 82-9
G&H 2011 fig 81-8
LS2
2008
Home-pregnancy test + "morning" sickness?
Basis of birth control pills
≡ false luteal phase
G&H 2016 fig 82-12
G&H 2011 fig 81-11
180 million
5.4 million
1800
180,000
LS1 2004, LS2 2012
Day 1
Day 4-5
Day 5-7
LS1 2004
LS1 2007
~ 56 days~ 30 mm
Yikes!
Abstinence
works best!
LS1 2016, 2007
, 20!
• 4 Million births in the US per yr
• 200 abortions per 1000 live births
• 638,169 legal abortions reported in 2015
• Sperm survive for 48 hr to 5 d in female
reproductive tract
• Eggs start to disintegrate 12-24 hr > ovulation
• Ovulation varies & may be tough to predict…
Important Facts
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/births.htmhttps://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/ss/ss6713a1.htm
http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/en/https://kinseyinstitute.org/research/index.php
Male Reproductive System
G&H 2016 fig 81-1 A
G&H 2011 fig 80-1 A
G&H 2016 fig 81-1 B
G&H 2011 fig 80-1 B
ectomy
Testis cross section
Spermatogonia
Seminiferous tubules
Interstitial/ Leydig Cells
Testosterone
Tails of developing sperm
H Howard 1984
G&H 2016 fig 81-4
G&H 2011 fig 80-4
LS1 2007
LS1 2007
G&H 2016 fig 81-5
G&H 2011 fig 80-5
Behaviorial effects
G&H 2016 fig 81-10
G&H 2011 fig 80-10
Male Feedback
Regulation
G&H 2016 fig 81-9
G&H 2011 fig 80-9