I. Prelude II. World War I III. The Allied Peace Settlement IV. Economic Disasters V. Politics in...
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Transcript of I. Prelude II. World War I III. The Allied Peace Settlement IV. Economic Disasters V. Politics in...
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present
Chapter Outline
Chapter 27: World War I and its Economic and Political Consequences
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I. Prelude
II. World War I
III. The Allied Peace Settlement
IV. Economic Disasters
V. Politics in the Democracies
VI. The Western Tradition in Transition
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 27: World War I and its Economic and Political Consequences
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I. PreludeA. The Balkan CrisesRussia v. AustriaBosnia and Herzegovina
1912, Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria
v. Turks
First Balkan War, 19121913, Treaty of Londoncreation of Albania
Second Balkan War, 1913
Serbs v. Bulgarians
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 27: World War I and its Economic and Political Consequences
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I. Prelude
B. Assassination at SarajevoJune 28, 1914
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Gavrilo Princip
Austrians mobilize
C. The Inevitable WarRussians mobilize, July 30Germany
von Schlieffen plan1914, Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary,
Bulgaria, Turkey
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 27: World War I and its Economic and Political Consequences
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II. Total War
27 countries
A. 1914-1916September, 1914, First Battle
of The Marne> war of attrition1915, DardanellesGallipoli
B. StalemateVerdunSommeGermans: 550,000 casualtiesBritish, French: 650,000Jutland (5/31-6/1/16)
C. The Home Frontrationing
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 27: World War I and its Economic and Political Consequences
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II. Total War
D. The Home FrontRationingPropaganda
E. United States
1914, Americans neutralGerman submarines v. British
blockadeLusitania> 1917, America enters
F. Germany’s Last Drive1917 — Eastern Front collapses> 1918, Treaty of Brest-LitovskRussia and GermanyJuly, 1918, FriedensturmField Marshall Foch
October, 1918, Kaiser abdicates
November 11, Compiègne
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 27: World War I and its Economic and Political Consequences
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III. The Allied Peace Settlement
Germany, Weimar Republic
A. Idealism and RealitiesFrance, Georges Clemenceau,
PremierBritain, David Lloyd George, Prime MinisterItaly, Vittorio Orlando, Prime
MinisterU.S., Woodrow Wilson, PresidentFourteen Points, January, 1918
James Balfour, Great BritainNovember, 1917Israel, Palestine
B. League of NationsApril, 1919World CourtInternational Labor Organization
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 27: World War I and its Economic and Political Consequences
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III. The Allied Peace Settlement
C. SettlementsSaar BasinMandates
Treaty of VersaillesGermany and Russia excludedGermany responsiblereparations$32.5 billion
D. TreatiesTreaty of St. Germain, 1919AustriaCzechs, Poles, Slavsno anschluss
Treaty of Sèvres, 1920Ottoman Empire dividedMustafa Kemal
(D. Treaties)Treaty of Lausanne, 1923Turkey
Treaty of Trianon, 1920Hungary
Treaty of Neuilly, 1919Bulgaria
E. Costs of the War
LossesRussians, 2-3 millionGermans, c. 2 millionFrench, 1.5 millionEnglish, 1 million
Austro-Hungarians, 1.2 million Turks, 325,000
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 27: World War I and its Economic and Political Consequences
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IV. Economic DisastersA. The Debt Problem
U.S.1914, debtor, $3.75 billion1919, creditor, $10 billion
B. Weimar Germany1914, 4.2 Marks/Dollar1922, 40001923, 4.2 trillion1922, Germany defaults
C. InflationFranc, 1/10Austria, prices up 14,000
timesHungary, 23,000Russia, 4 billion times
D. Consequencesautarky
Dawes Plan, 1924
Young Plan, 1929
E. The Great CrashOctober 29, 1929
F. World Depression> protective tariffsdevaluation
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 27: World War I and its Economic and Political Consequences
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V. Politics in the Democracies
A. Western SocietyCinema
AutomobilesFord, Model T
Franz Kafka (1883-1924)The MetamorphosisThe Trial
Thomas Mann (1875-1955)
Magic Mountain
Oswald SpenglerDecline of the West
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 27: World War I and its Economic and Political Consequences
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V. Politics in the Democracies
B. Britain, 1919-39David Lloyd George, 1919-22
Ramsay MacDonald, LabourPrime Minister, 1924
Zinoviev letter, 1924> conservatives, Baldwin
1924-29, BaldwinIrish Free State, 1921
Statute of Westminster, 1931Dominions of Canada,
AustraliaNew Zealand, South Africa
C. Interwar FranceMaginot mentality, 1930s1936 — Popular FrontLéon Blum (1872-1950)
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 27: World War I and its Economic and Political Consequences
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V. Politics in the Democracies
D. Eastern EuropeCzechoslovakia1918PolandMarshal Josef Pilsudskifrom 1926-351935 — to fascismBaltic States, 1918Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia
E. Portugal and SpainPortugalAntonio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-
1970)Minister of Finance, 1928> recoverySpain1931, king abdicates1936, Franciso Franco
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 27: World War I and its Economic and Political Consequences
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V. Politics in the Democracies
F. The United States1928, Herbert Hoover
1932, Franklin RooseveltNew Deal
G. Interwar Latin AmericaGood Neighbor Policy, from
1933
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 27: World War I and its Economic and Political Consequences
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VI. The Western Tradition in Transition
A. Science and Society
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)conditioned reflexes
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)psychoanalysis
Albert Einstein (1879-1955)1905 — photons1906 — Relativity theory
Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937)1911 — nucleus
B. ModernismStéphane Mallarmé (1842-98)
Paul Verlaine (1844-96)
Claude Debussy (1862-1918)Prelude to the Afternoon of a
Faun
Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971)
(B. Modernism)Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951)
12-tone system
C. New Directions in the ArtsPablo Picasso (1881-1974)
CubismLes Demoiselles d'Avignon,
1907Guernica
Henri Matisse (1869-1954)
Georgio de Chirico (1888-1978)
René Magritte (1898-1967)
Salvador Dalí (1904-89)
Man Ray (1890-1976)
Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968)
Architecture - International style