°°'°°°° ° hy_,i_,_oooo,,ooo0o,IgibI_og_'apof:_,_.:,_e M_S CeimandNo_h To C |tuStation

General TechnicalReport NC_14.6 M.E. Ostry and K. T. Ward

North Central Forest Experiment StationForest Service--U.So Department of Agricult_e

1992 FolweU AvenueSt. Paul, Minnesota 55108

Manuscript approved for publication June 19, 19911991

Contents

PageIntroduction ......................................................................................... 1

Mlcropropagation ................................................................................... 1Caius Culture ...................................................................................... 6Anther Culture ...................................................................................... 7

Organ Culture ...................................................................................... 9Protoplast Culture ................................................................................ 11Suspension Culture .............................................................................. 14Resistance Screening ........................................................................... 15Transformation and Somaclonal Va_atton ............................................ 16Cell and Chemical Properties ............................................................... 21Post-Culture Performance .................................................................... 2:2Author Index ......................................................................................... 28

I IIII II II III III II II I IIIIII _llrl I

Bibliography of Populus Cell andTissue Culture

M° E° Ostry and K° ToWard

INTRODUCTION The search of major computerized literaturedata bases and other sources of literature

Cell and tissue culture techniques are Increas- citations was completed in January 1991. Alltngly being applied to Populus species and their citations available from 1990 at publicationhybrids. Poplars have been used as a model time are included; however, because of the time

species in the rapidly expanding field of forest lag between publication and availability oftree biotechnology; the number of published abstracts, other citations may be available at areports has increased greatly In recent years later date.(fig. 1). The predominant reason for the focuson poplars is the need for plant regeneration Citations are arranged by subject area andtechniques in successful blotechnological alphabetically by author. An author index isapplications. Nearly all in vitro culture and included.regeneration techniques can be applied tomembers of the genus Populus, unlike mostother forest trees. MICROPROPAGATION

This bibliography is intended to serve as an Ahuja, M.R. 1983. Somatic ceU differentiationinternational reference for literature covering and rapid elonal propagation of aspen.poplar research ranging from clonal micro- Sflvae Genetlca. 32(3-4): 131-135.propagation to genetic transformation.

AhuJa, M.R. 1985. Regenerative potential[ ofi8o aspen tissues. In: Advances in agricultural

blotechnology. Dordrecht, The Netherlands:c

.=o Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 14: 187.

= Ahuja, M.R. 1986. Aspen. In: Evans, D.A.;tl. 80

"5 Sharp, W.R." Ammlrato, P.V., eds. Handbook

of plant cell culture. New York, NY:E 4o Macmillan Publishing Company; London,z England: Collier Macmillan Publishing. 4:

o 626-65 I.19_ s6-so sl-e5 ca-To 7_-7s Ts_o 8_-8s 86-9o

Year Published Ahuja, M.R. 1987. In vltre propagation ofFigure l._Number of research papers on Popu- poplar and aspen. Cell and tissue culture in

lus cell and tissue culture published from forestry. Dordrecht, The Netherlands:1934 to 1990. Martinus NlJhoff Publishers: 3: 207-223.

Anonymous. 1977. Interaction of auxin and

M.E. Ostry is a Research Plant Pathologist and ktnetin on the organ differentiation ofKoT, Ward Is a Forestry Technician with the Populus callus tissue. Acta BotanicaNorth Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Sinica. 19(i): 95-97.Paul, Minnesota.

Badia, Nkanka. 1981. Obtention de plantules Chardenon0 Jo; Tarts, B. i 960. Application ofparttr de bo_xrgeons adventlfs sur tissue culture techniques to the study of

feuilles de peuplter ('Serotina de Chain- the physiology ef Yopulus. Joint culture ofpagne' o "I 214'} e_lttves in vitro. In: tissues of Populus and of fungi pathogenic toTouzet, G., ed. Proceedings, Colloque inter- the genus. Bull. Serv. CuR. Etud. Peuplier etnational sur la culture "in vitro" des Saule, Parts (1;2): 10-24; 12-25.essences forestleres; 1981 August 31-September 4; Fontainbleau, France. Nangts, Chardenon, J.; Tarts, B. 1960. Studies on theFrance: AFOCEL: 236-245. res_ption of growth by cambium of

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culture method for rescuing iramature methods. New Zealand Journal of Forestryembryos of eastern cottonwood. Plant Sciences. 7{ I): 40-43.Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. I0:221-226. Zeldtn, Eric L.; McCown, Brent. 1986. The

dynamics of poplar root culture and theSavka, Michael A.; Joke]a, Jalmer J.; Skirvin, differentiation of shoots from cultured

Robert M.; Dawson, Jeffrey O. 1985. Action roots. HortScience. 21(3): 815. Abstract.of 6-benzylamino purine and indole-3-butyric acid on development of immatureembryos of Pol_ulus deltofdes Bartr. In: PROTOPLAST CULTUREGurles, I_P., ed. Proceedings, 4th NorthCentral Tree Improvement Association Ahuja, M.R. 1982. Isolation, culture andmeeting; 1985 August 12-14; East Lansing, fusion of protoplasts: problems andMI. Madison, WI: Department of Forestry: prospects. Sflvae Genetica. 31(2-3): 66-77.140-148.

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Warm, S.R.; Wyckoff, G.W.; Wyckoff, J.L. 1988.A tissue culture solution to a forestry Butt, Adrian D. 1985. A general method forproblem - the propagation of a tetraploid the high-yield isolation of mesophyllEuropean aspen. Tree Planters' Notes. protoplasts from deciduous tree species.Summer: 28-30. Plant Science. 42: 55-59.

Welander, M.; Jansson, E.; Lindqvist, H. 1989. Cheema, G.S. 1988. Isolation and culture ofIn vitro propagation of Populus x protoplasts from totipotent cell cultureswilsocarpa - a hybrid of ornamental of Populus ciliata. Progr. Plant Protoplast

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Chun, Young Woo. 1985. Isolation and culture McCown, B.H. 1988. Recent advances inof in vitro cultured Populus alba x P. protoplast c_Llt_re of horticult_xral crops:

grandidentata protoplasts. Journal of ornaments2 trees and shrubs. SclentlaKorean Forestry Society. 71: 45-49. Horttcu!turae. 37: 257-265.

Dot, K.; Ho, K.; Shibata, M. 1985. Basic studies Park, Y.G.; Hart, K.H. 1986. Iso_tion and

on protoplast culture in woody plants° I, culture of raesophyll protoplasts from inCulture on the B5 basal medium. Tech. vitro cultured Populua a_a x P,

Note 239. Japan: Oji Institute for Forest glanduloaa. Journal of Korean ForestryTree Improvement: 59-60. Society. 73: 33-42.

Douglas, Gerard. 1982. Protoplast isolation Park, Y.G.; Son, S.H. 1986. Factors affectingfrom totipotent ceU-cult_ures of Populus the isolation of _esophyll protoplastshybrid TT32. In: Fujiwara, Akio, ed. Plant from Populus euramericana (cw. 1-214).tissue culture 1982: Proceedings, 5th Journal of Korean Forestry Society. 74: 29-International congress plant tissue and cell 36.culture; 1982 July 11-16; Tokyo and LakeYamanake, Japan. Tokyo, Japan: Japanese Park, Y.G.; Son, S.H. 1987. ProtoplastAssociation for Plant Tissue Culture: 605- isolation from call_ and suspension606. culture ceils of Populus albau Korean

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Hfllson, T.D.; Schultz, R.C. 1987. Using leavesfrom tissue culture propagated plants for Park, Y.G.; Son, S.H. 1988. C_Iture and

protoplast isolation. In: Hanover, James regeneration of Populus aiha xW.; Keathley, Daniel E., eds. Proceedings, gflanduiosa leaf protoplasts isolated fromConference on genetic manipulation of in vitro cultured explant. Journal ofwoody plants; 1987 June 21-25; East Korean Forestry Society. 77: 208-215.Lansing, MI. New York, NY: Plenum Press(Basic Life Science): 470. Abstract. Park, Y.Go; Son, S.H.; Hail, K.H. 1987. Isolation

and culture of mesophyll protoplasts

Jang, S.S.; Lee, J.J.; Lee, J.S.; Lee, S.K. 1987. from Populu$ species. In: Hanover, JamesIsolation, culture mad fusion of W.; Keathley, Daniel E., eds. Proceedings,protoplasts of Populus glandulosa Uyekt. Conference on genetic manipulation ofResearch Report of the Institute of Forest woody plants; 1987 June 21-25; EastGenetics, Korea. 23: 137-142. Lansing, MI. New York, NY: Plenum Press

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protoplast isolation from woody tissue Russell, J,A. 1989. Cult_e $md m_ip_tioncultures. International Symposium on Plant of Populus protoplasts as a foundation forTissue and Cell Culture Application to Crop genetic engineering resem'ch. Madison,Improvement. 80. Abstract. WI: University of Wisconsin-Madison. 239 p.

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protoplast isolation, culture and fusion Russell, JulIe A.; McCown, Brent H. 1986.from tissue cultures of forest trees. Acta Culture and regeneration of Populus leaf

Universltatis Agriculturae Brno. A Facultas protoplasts isolated from non-seedlingAgronomlca. 33(3): 315-317. ¢Issue. Plant Science. 46: 133-142.

Lee, J.S.; Lee, S.K.; Jang, S.S.; Lee, J.J. 1987. Russell, Julle A.; McCown, B.H. 1986.l_lanilet regeneration from callus Isolation, culture, and regeneralion ofprotoplasms of Populus nigra. Research Populus mesophyll protoplasts.Report of the Institute of Forest Genetics, HortScience. 21 (3): 699. Abstract.Korea. 23: 143-148.

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Russell, Julie A.; McCown, Brent H. 1986. Salto, A.; Hosoi, Y." Ishlt, K.; Sato, T. 1987.

Teehniquea for enhanced release of leaf CaLlus formation from protoplasts ofprotoplasts in Populus. Plant Cell Reports. mesophyil ceUs of Populus plmatlets.5: 284-287. Journal of Japanese Forestry Society.

69(12): 472-477.Russell, J.A.; McCown, B.H. 1986. Thtdiaz_zron

o stimulated shoot differentiation from Saito, AMra; Hosol, Yoshthlsa; Ishfl, Katsuakl;

protoplast o derived ceUs of Popul_. tn: Sato, Toru. 1988. trotoplast isolation,Somers, D.A." Gengenbach, B.G.; Biesboer, somatic hybridization and eye-visibleD.D." et al., eds. Abstracts, 6th International colony formation in different Populus

/ congress of plant tissue and cell culture; species. Journal of the Japanese Forestry1986 August 3-8; Minneapolis, Mr. Society. 70(3): 119-126.Mirmeapolis, Mr: University of Minnesota:49. Abstract. Shibata, M.; Ho, K.; Dot, K.; Tatemichl, Y. 1984.

Basic studies on the protoplast isolationRussell, J.A.; McCown, B.H. 1988. A protoplast from woody plants, 3, Optimum condi-

aystem for Populus which will support tlons for the isolation of protoplasts fromgenetic engineering research of tree cultured cells. Tech. Note 227. Japan: Oilspecies. Progr. Plant Protoplast Res. {109- Institute for Forest Tree Improvement. 2 p.t0). [Reprinted from: Translations of the 33d

meeting, Chubu Br. Japanese Forestry

Russell, Julie A.; McCown, B.H. 1988. Highly Society. (1985) 145-146.]purified subpopulattons of protoplastsshow euperior competency for use in Smith, M.A.L.; Palta, d.P.; McCown, B.H.;genetic manipulations. HortScience. 23(3)" Steffen, K.L. 1989. Plasmolyttc behavior of780. Abstract. the donor cell may affect protoplast

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Recovery of plmats from leaf protoplastsof hybrid-poplar and aspen ©lones. Plant Verma, Devi C.; Warm, S.R. 1983. Isolation ofCell Reports. 7: 59-62. high yields of viable protoplasts from

quaking aspen seedlings and culturedRussell, dulte A.; Zeldtn, Eric L.; McCown, Brent loblolly pine cell suspensions. In:

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Basel, Switzerland. Basel, Switzerland:

Satto, AMra. 1976. Isolation of protoplasts Birkhauser, Verlag: I0- I I.from mesophyil ceils of Paulowniafortunei Hemsl. and Populus Youn, Yang; Lee, Jae Soon; Lee, Suk Koo. 1985.euramericana cv. 1-45/51. Journal of Isolation and culture of protoplasts from

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16

i__ '............. ........... _i °

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Michel M.F.; Delmotte, F.; Depierreux, C. 1988.Transfo_ation of hybrid Populus Nelson, N.D.; Haissig, B.E. 1984. ]Biotech-tremula x Po a_a by Agrobacterium nology in the Forest Service's Northtumefaciena. In: Ahuja, M.R., ed. Central Forest Experiment Station. In:Proceedings of the IUFRO Working Party Proceedings, International symposium of$2.04-07: somatic cell genetics of woody recent advances in forest blotechnology;

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22

Author Index Chen, Z.H ...................................................... 7Chol, W.Y ...................................................... 15

Author Page Christie, C.B ................................................. 9Chu, Z_C ........................................................ 9

Ahujao M,R .......................................... 1, 9, 11 Chun, Y.W ............... 2, 3, 9, 10, 12, 17, 18, 22

Amerson, H°V .................................................. 15 Chung, K.H ................................................... 5.Anderson, N.A ............................................... 16 Clu, C ........................................................... 2AraI, Y ............................................................ 7 Coleman, G.D .......................................... 3, 17

Collettl, J.P .................................................. 10Ba, Y............................................................. 9 Comal, L ....................................................... 18Badia, N ......................................................... 2 Cousin, M.T .................................................. 22Baker, S ......................................................... 16 Cox, R.M ...................................................... 15Banks,, P°M .................................................... 18Barocka, K.H .................................................. 9 David, A ........................................................ 2Bauer, E.O .............................................. 15, 19 Davies, P.A ................................................... 18Baur, J.R ...................................................... 15 Davis, F.S ..................................................... 15Baus, M ......................................................... 9 Dawson, J.O ........................................... 10, 11Bawa, K.S .................................................. 8, 9 De Block, M.................................................. 17

Bednarek, S.Y .............................................. 16 Dedolph, R.R. ............................................... 14Belanger, R.R ......................................... 15, 16 Delmotte, F .................................................. 19Bellarosa, R .................................................... 2 Depierreux, C ............................................... 19Benjamin, D.M ............................................. 22 Dlaz-Colon, J.D ............................................ 15Berbee, F.M ................................................... 2 Dot, K ..................................................... 12, 13

Berbee, J,G ....................................... 2, 19, 22 Dong, M.S ..................................................... 4Bhati, 1_ ....................................................... 18 Donkers, J ................................................... 10

Bflislcs, L ............................................... 14, 21 Douglas, G.C ................................. 3, 5, 12, 22Binder, W.D ................................................. 14 Dujickova, M ................................................. 3B1ackwe11, S.J ................................................ 6Blanarik, P .................................................... 6 Eckenwalder, J.E .......................................... 8

Blanarikova, V ......................................... 6, 21 Etnspahr, D.W ............................. 7, 11, 17, 21Bloomberg, W.J ............................................. 6 Ernst, S.G ............................................... 3, 17Boden, E ...................................................... 15 Ettinger, T.L ...................................... 4, 17, 20Bovey, R.W ................................................... 15 Evers, P.W ............................................... 9, 10Boxus, Ph ...................................................... 2 Ewald, D ....................................................... 5Brand, R. 9Brettell, R.I.S ................................................ 18 Falk, S.P ...................................................... 15Bucciarelll, B ................................................ 16 Faltonson, R.I_ ........................................ 3, i0Burkot, T.R. .................................................. 22 Felrer, I_P .................................................... 21Butt, A.D ...................................................... I 1 FIkacova, J .................................................... 3

Bychenkova, E.A ................................... 2, 6, 7 Ffllattl, J.J ........................................ 17, 18, 20Fisher, K.D ................................................... 21

Chag, P ......................................................... 8 Frohllch, H.J ........................................... 3, I0Chalupa, V ...................................... 2, 3, 9, 22 Fukuda, T ............................................... 7, 21Chang, H ....................................................... 8Chang, K.C ................................................... i0 Gautheret, R.J ........................................... 3, 7Chang, L...................................................... I0 Giles, K.L ..................................................... I IChardenon, J .......................................... 2, 22 Gordon, J.C ......................................... 3, 6, 22Cheema, G.S ..................................... 4, I I, 14 Gordon, M.P ................................................. 20Cheliak, W.M .......................................... 16, 18 Griffin, D.H .............................................. 15, 16Chen, D.M ..................................................... 2 Gui, Y ........................................................ 6. 9Chen, W.Y ............................................... 2, 16 Guo, D ........................................................... 2

Guo, J ........................................................... 9

23

Hackett, W.P ................................. 4, 16, 17, 20 Kolison, S.H., Jr ........................................... 10

Haissig, B.E ....................... 5, 6, 17, 18, 19, 20 Koo, Y.B ................................................... 5, 10Hall, R.B .............. 2, 3, 6, 9, 10, 11, 17, 18, 22 Kouider_ M................................................... 10Han, K.H ...................................................... 12 Krawiarz, K .................................................. 15Hanna, R.D ............................................. . .... 10 Krtebel, H°B ................................................... 18

Harada, H .......................................... 5, 15, 16 Kruger, B.M ................................................... 16Harkin, J.M ................................................... 22 Krusche, D ..................................................... 9HalTeU, M.O ................................................. 22 Ksiazek, M .................................................... 16Hart, E.R ...................................................... 18 Kubackova, M ......................................... 14, 21Heather, W.A ................................................ 16 Kuo, F ........................................................... 10Helton, E.D .................................................. 21Heslin, M.C .................................................. 22 Laetsch, W.M .................................................. 6

Heuchelin, S.A .......................... ................... 18 Lange, A. de .................................................. 16Hildebrandt, A. C ........................................ 2, 5 Larkin, P.J ..................................................... 18

Hillson, T.D ............................................ 10, 12 Layton, P.A ................................................... 18HisaJima, S .................................................... 7 Lazda, E.E ...................................................... 2Ho, K ...................................................... 12, 13 Lee, B.S .................................................. 15, 16Ho, R.H ..................................................... 5, 7 Lee, G.S .......................................................... 4Hoffman, A., Sr ............................................. 21 Lee, J.J .................................................. 12, 14Hosoi, Y ........................................................ 13 Lee, J.S ............................................ 12, 13, 14

Huang, M.R ................................................... 2 Lee, K.J ......................................................... 14Huang, Q.C ................................................... 4 Lee, S.K ........................... 5, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15Hubbes, M .................................................... 118 Lee, S.W ........................................................ 4

Hyde, B.B ...................................................... 6 Lee-Stadelmann, O.Y ..................................... 4Hyun, S.K ..................................................... 8 Lester, D.T ................................................... 19

Li, C.C .......................................................... 10Illies, Z.M ...................................................... 8 Li, J ...................................... .................. 10, 16

Ishli, K......................................................... 13 Lt, Y.Q ........................................................... 4Ishimoto, T .................................................... 6 Li, W ............................................................ 10

L1, W.Y .......................................................... 4

Jacquiot, C .................................................... 3 Liang, Y ......................................................... 9Janecek, F .................................................... 21 Lln0 J.F ......................................................... 4

Jang, S.S ................................................ 12, 14 Lindgren, D.T ............................................... 22Jansson, E ................................................... 11 Lindqvist, H ................................................... 11Jin, Y.H ......................................................... 9 Liskova, D ......................................... 4, 12, 21Jokela, J.J ......................................... 8, 10, 11 Liu, S.L ........................................................ 15

Joyce, P.J ...................................................... 3 Liu, Y ........................................................ 8, 9Lontke, E ...................................................... 9

Kakoniova, D ........................................... 4, 12 Lu0 C ............................................................. 8Kanda, T ................................................. 7, 21 Lu, Z ......................................................... 8, 9

Kapusta, J ..................................................... 4 Lubrano, L ................................................... I0Karacsonyi, S .................................... 6, 14, 21Kasai, Z ......................................................... 6 Mandal, A ..................................................... 10Kawanobe, K................................................. 5 Manion, P.D ........................................... 15, 16Kechel, H.G .................................................. 15 Mathes, M.C ........................................ 4, 7, 21Kim, J.H .............................................. 4, 8, 10 Matschke, J .................................................. 5Kiln, M.W ...................................................... 4 Matsumoto, T ............................................... 14Kiln, Y.J ....................................................... 16 McCabe, D.E ................................................ 20

Kirk, T.K ....................................................... 22 McCown, B.H ............ 3, 4, 6, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14,Kllmaszewska, K ..................................... 17, 18 16, 17, 18, 20, 22

Klopfenstein, N.B ............................... 3, 17, 18 McNabb, H.S., Jr .................................... 17', 18Kolevska-Pletikaptc, B .................................. 10 Mehra, P.N ..................................................... 4

24

Melchior, G.H ................................................ 9 Sain, S ......................................................... 16Meyer, M.Mo, Jr ............................................... 8 Saito, A .................................................... 5, 13Michel, M.F ............................................. 19, 22 Sakai, A ........................................................ 7Michler, C.H ...................................... 5, 15, 19 Sakamoto, M ................................................. 7Miller, A.R ....................................................... 21 Saladin, K.P ................................................. 10Millet, N ....................................................... 22 Sato, T ................................................. 5, 8, 13Minocha, S.C ........................................... 5, 19 Savka, M.A ............................................. 10, 11Mlodzianowski, F .......................................... 16 Schuette, V.J ................................................. 5Moon, H.K ................................................. 4, 8 Schultz, R.C ..................................... 10, 12, 18Morrison, J.W ............................................... 10 Schulzke, R.................................................. 22Mort, R.L ...................................................... 15 Scowcroff, W.R ............................................. 18Muhs, H.J .................................................... 11 SeF_, 2_', J.C ....................... 3, 6, 16, 17, 18, 20

Shibata, M .............................................. 12, 13Nakamura, Y................................................. 7 Shim, S.Y ............................................... 10, 14Nauioks, G ..................................................... 5 Shim, W.S ..................................................... 4Nelson, N.D ................................................... 19 Sievert, F ....................................................... 9Nester, E.W ................................................... 20 Simson, B.W ................................................ 21

Niu, Y ............................................................. 22 Singh, S.J .................................................... 16Nlshida, K ..................................................... 14 Sinkar, V.P ................................................... 20

Noguchl, M ................................................... 14 Skibinska, A .................................................. 4Noh, E.R .................................................. 5, 10 Skflling, D.D ..................................... 17, 19, 20Noh, E.W ....................................... 5, 8, 10, 19 Sklrvin, R.M ........................................... 10, 11

Skoog, F ........................................................ 5Okunlshl, K .................................................. 14 Smith, M.A.L ................................................ 13Oota, M ................................................... 7, 21 Son, S.H .................................. 5, 6, 11, 12, 15

Ostry, M.E .............................. 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 Spindler, L.H ................................................ 18Steenackers, M ............................................. 20

Palta, J.P ...................................................... 13 Steffen, K.L .................................................. 13

Park, J.I .............................................. 4, 8, 10 Stephens, L.C ................................................ 9Park, Y.G ........................................... 5, 12, 15 Stettler, R.F ......................................... 8, 9, 20Parsons, T.J ................................................. 20 Stoehr, M.U ................................................... 8

Pelet, F ........................................................... 5 Sugawara, Y.................................................. 7Pengelly, W.L ................................................ 21 Sumiya, K ................................................. 6, 7Pinkalla, H.A ................................................ 14 Sun, C.S ........................................................ 9Prakash, C.S ............................................ 5, 20 Sunakawa, T ................................................. 6Prat, A .......................................................... 10

Przybyl, K ...................................................... 15 Tamakl, E ..................................................... 14Pythoud, F ................................................... 20 Tang, D ........................................................ 22

Tanner, G.J .................................................. 18

Raj, A.Y ......................................................... 5 Taris, B .................................... 2, 5, 15, 16, 22RaJ, Y ............................................................ 7 Tatemlchi, Y................................................. 13Rajora, O.P .................................... •............... 8 Terashima, N ........................................... 7, 21Read, P.E ........................................... 4, 17, 20 Thtelges, B.A ........................................... 5, 20Ren, Y........................................................... 5 Thompson, D.G ......................................... 3, 6Rtemenschneider, D ........................... 5, 18, 20 Thomburg, R.W ............................................ 18Rtker, A.J ...................................................... 5 Thorpe, T.A ................................................... 7Rlou, A .............................................. 5, 15, 16 Timell, T.E .................................................... 21

Rogers, D.L .................................................. 17 Tomimura, Y................................................ 21Roux, J ........................................................ 22 Toru, S .......................................................... 8Russell, J.A ........................... 12, 13, 16, 20, 22 Tsui, C .......................................................... 2

Rutledge, C.B ................................................ 5Ruzin, S.E ..................................................... 6

Ryan, S.A ..................................................... 18

25

Uddin, M.R .................................................... 8

Valentine, F_ ......................................... 16, 21Venverloo, C.J ..................................... 6, 9, 21Verma, D.C .................................................. 13

Vermeer, E ................................................... 10Viss, P ............................................................. 6Voelker, T.M ................................................. 19

Wang, C.C ..................................................... 9Wang, F.C .................................................... 15Wang, H ........................................................ 2wang, R .................................................. 9, 10Wang, S.L ...................................................... 9Warm, S.R ............................ 11, 13, 16, 17, 21

Weisgerber, H ............................................... 10Welander, M................................................. 11Whitehead, H.C.M ......................................... 11Winton, L.L .................................... 6, 7, 15, 21Wolter, K.E .......................................... 6, 9, 22

Wozny, A ....................................................... 16Wu, K ............................................................ 9

Wyckoff, G.W ................................................ 11Wyckoff, J.L ................................................. 11

Xie, Q.Y ..................................................... 4, 9Xu, G ........................................................... 22Xu, M.Z ..................................................... 6,9Xu, Q.Y .......................................................... 4

Yang, S.H .................................................... 2, 4Yang, Y.P ........................................................ 9Yao, Y.G ........................................................ 7Youn, Y ................................................... 13, 16

Zaerr, J.B ..................................................... 14Zakutna, L ................................................... 21Zeldin, E.L .................................. 11, 13, 14, 20

Zeng, S.Y ....................................................... 9Zhang, J ................................................... 9, 22Zhang, L.G .................................................... 15Zhang, L.H .................................................... 7Zhang, L.X .................................................... 22Zhang, Y.H ................................................... 15Zhao, H.Z ..................................................... 22Zhou, L ......................................................... 6Zhu, X ..................................................... 9, 10Zsuffa, L................................................ 5, 7, 8

26

U,_: GOVERNMENT PRgNTING OFFICE:1991-556-844/40212 Region 4

Ostry, M,E.; Ward, K.T.1991, Bibliography of Popu_us cell and tissue culture. Gen. Tech. Rep.

NC-146. St. Paul, MN: U,S, Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,North Central Forest Experiment Station. 26 p.

Lists citations of the world's literature on cell and tissue culture of

poplars from 1934 to 1990.

KEY WORDS: In vitro, poplars, aspen, micropropagation, genetictransformation.